JP6938555B2 - Support for stabilizing underground cavities, especially tunnels and wellheads - Google Patents

Description

An object of the present invention relates to a device that serves to stabilize an underground cavity. The device is used for low-strength, weak rocks and is preferably placed in a more overloaded condition if possible. In such cases, the extrusion phenomenon may cause large deformations or increase the pressure of the rock against the supporting elements.

Known techniques used for underground structures (tunnels, tunnels, underground cavities, etc.) are excavated using linings, that is, using supporting means such as steel arches, sprayed concrete, anchors, ready-made concrete elements, etc. Stabilize the hollow cavity. The shape of cavities excavated in extruded rock tends to be narrow. Interfering with this with linings and other known supporting means will result in a lot of pressure acting on them. However, when the rock is deformed in a controlled manner, the pressure decreases.

Various solutions are known in underground engineering that allow deformation of surrounding rock supports and the like. The I-shaped beam composed of two flanges and one web is also known as an H-shaped beam, and a solution to this is proposed in Non-Patent Document 1 below.

Each "steel arch" contains at least two parts that act as support parts, with a shrinkage gap between them. The two parts are connected to each other with a band that ensures a frictional connection. While the rock surrounding the tunnel is deformed, this support structure has the function of deforming, but can only exert a small effect of supporting the rock.

Hoek, E. and Guevara, R. "Overcoming squeezing in the Yacambu-Quibor Tunnel" Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 389-418, Published pages 21, 22

A problem to be solved by the present invention is a support device consisting of an arched support beam used in an underground cavity, particularly a tunnel and a wellhead, and in particular, at least one or more problems of the prior art, specifically. Provides a support device suitable for guaranteeing reliable support by solving the problems of the support device detailed above even when the rock is greatly deformed or the pressure of the rock is large. It is to be.

The underlying perception of the present invention is that when a high-strength compressor with substantial deformation function is placed between two beam elements of an arched support beam, the desired deformation occurs in addition to that. The point is that the support can ensure a great deal of resistance to movement, which can be adjusted based on general requirements.

Based on this recognition, the problems set have been solved by the present invention, including the devices defined in claims 1 and 17.

An object of the present invention relates to a support device for stabilizing underground cavities, especially mine entrances and similar structures.

Preferred embodiments of the support device are defined in the subclaim.

Further, the details of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, including preferred embodiments of the device.

The present invention relates to support devices for stabilizing underground cavities, especially tunnels. The support device has at least one first support beam and at least one compression body. The compressed body is arranged so that the support beam can move under load. The compressed material is made of a material that has high strength, strong and permanent deformation function.

High strength means a yield strength of at least 235 N / mm ^ 2, preferably at least 355 N / mm ^ 2.

The strong and permanent deformation function means that the yield to tensile ratio is at least 1.05, preferably the yield to tensile ratio is at least 1.08. Yield to tensile strength is the ratio of yield strength to maximum tensile strength.

Such a compressed body makes it possible to place the support beam at a specific position in the unloaded state and move the support beam toward the compressed body so as to reduce the virtual cross section of the cavity.

The support device may include at least one second support beam. Support beams are formed by arched beam elements. The arched beam elements can move closer to each other under load. The compressor is placed between the arched beam elements.

With such a configuration, a distance can be maintained between the arched beam elements in the unloaded state and may be deformed in the loaded state. The deformation reduces the virtual cross section of the tunnel because the arched beam elements can be repositioned and moved relative to each other.

In an alternative embodiment, the support device for stabilizing the underground cavity, especially the mine entrance, has at least one second support beam. It is preferable that the first support beam and the second support beam are fixed in or on the side wall of the underground cavity and arranged substantially parallel to each other. At least one compressor is placed between the ground of the underground cavity and the first support beam, or between the roof or roof element of the first support beam and support device. The support device preferably includes a second compressor placed between the ground of the underground cavity and the second support beam, or between the support beam and the roof or roof element of the support device. It is also possible to have one or more compresses placed on the first support beam, for example under and below the support beam and between the support beam and the roof.

This allows the roof to be lowered and may be placed on top of the first and second support beams when rock pressure is applied.

The compressed material may include a pipe.

The pipe shape is the preferred shape of the compression element. The space inside the pipe allows the pipe to be deformed, thereby providing a very large space capacity for the support beams to move.

The pipe may have a circular cross section.

The circular cross section facilitates the manufacture of the support device. In addition, pipes with a circular cross section are available pre-made in several different dimensions.

The pipe may have a right-angled rectangular cross section, preferably with curved corners.

Such pipes allow a particular force to be carried during the deformation process.

When a rectangular pipe is used, the sides of the pipe, which are parallel to the longitudinal direction of the support beam, bend inward in the middle region.

During the transformation process, certain forces develop.

The wall thickness of the pipe is 0.05 to 0.15 times the diameter of the circular section pipe of the circular pipe, and 0.05 to 0. It can be selected in a range of 15 times.

This results in a support device that is stable in the non-deformed state, allows for very large deformations, and thus allows for very large movements of the support beams.

The pipes are preferably fixed between horizontal load plates and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the support beams.

This has the advantage that the force is introduced in a particular direction within the pipe.

The end portion of the support beam may be provided with a face plate that closes the end portion of the support beam. The load plate may be fixed to the face plate.

Therefore, an interface between the support beam and the compressor is provided.

In an alternative embodiment, the pipe is fixed directly to the face plate that closes the end of the support beam.

This has the advantage that the support device may be provided as a single element.

When a circular cross-section pipe is used, the circular cross-section pipe can be fixed to the load plate along a flat surface.

A specific first position is provided on the circular cross-section pipe. The force applied to the circular cross-section pipe can be identified.

In an alternative embodiment, when a circular cross-section pipe is used, the circular cross-section pipe can be fixed to the load plate along the curved surface of the load plate.

A specific first position is provided on the circular cross-section pipe. The circular cross-section pipe is held in a specific position.

Additional or alternative, the load plate loading the circular cross-section pipe has protrusions on both sides, spaced apart from the longitudinal geometric center plane of the pipe, that come into contact with the outer surface of the pipe. be able to.

A specific first position is provided on the circular cross-section pipe. The circular cross-section pipe is held in this particular position. The force applied to the circular cross-section pipe can be identified.

The protruding portion may be wedge-shaped.

The force applied to the circular cross-section pipe can be identified.

The protruding portion may be hemispherical.

The force applied to the circular cross-section pipe can be identified.

The particular shape of the overhang affects the deformation of the compressed body in each case.
Therefore, the overhangs can be adjusted individually for the desired deformation.

The material of the compressed body may be steel, and E355 quality steel is preferable.

Steel is inexpensive and is available in a variety of qualities. E355 steel is the preferred steel commonly used to make pipes. Therefore, the tube can be used as a pre-manufactured part.

The support beam may be a steel, I-shaped beam, also known as an H-shaped beam, or a steel pipe preferably having a circular cross section.

Such elements can be used as prefabricated parts and can be easily bent into an arch shape. In addition, they provide sufficient stability.

It is a side view which shows the connection part of the arch-shaped part of the tunnel support device by the state-of-the-art technology as the cross section along the line marked with XX of FIG. It is sectional drawing between the holes of FIG. 1 as seen from the direction of FIG. FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a tunnel in which an arched beam contains a compressed body according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing the details of B marked with FIG. It is a figure which shows the part marked by the arrow A of FIG. It is a perspective view of the apparatus when the I-shaped beam by FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 is used. It is a figure which shows the unloaded state of the compressed body of FIG. 4 to FIG. It is a figure which shows the load state of the compressed body of FIG. 4 to FIG. It is a figure which shows the deformation behavior which can occur in the compressed body of FIG. 7 and FIG. It is a front view of the preferable embodiment of the compressed body according to this invention. It is sectional drawing along the line S1-S1 marked with FIG. It is sectional drawing along the line S2-S2 marked with FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of the basic structural elements of a compressed body according to a special embodiment. It is a figure which shows the transmission of the force when the compressed body provided based on FIG. 13 is used. It is a figure which shows the embodiment of the compressed body which made it possible to change the force transmission by changing a pipe and a load plate. It is a figure which shows the embodiment of the compressed body which made it possible to change the force transmission by changing a pipe and a load plate. FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a compressed body in which the load plate has been modified again so that force transmission can be varied as compared to the basic solution shown in FIG. FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a compressed body in which the load plate has been modified again so that force transmission can be varied as compared to the basic solution shown in FIG. FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a compressed body in which the load plate has been modified again so that force transmission can be varied as compared to the basic solution shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the deformation by a force which is interrelated with the embodiment of the different structure of a compressed body. A diagram similar to that of FIG. 20 is shown, in which one curve belongs to the basic compressed solution and the other curve belongs to an embodiment having a wedge-shaped load plate. A front view of another embodiment of the compressed body is shown. The figure of the compressed body seen from the direction marked by the arrow C of FIG. 22 is shown. It is a figure which shows the course of the possible deformation resulting from the effect of the force by the arrow P marked with FIG. 22 with the figure which shows the deformation by the associated force. It is a figure which shows the course of the deformation which can occur in the compressed body by FIG. 22 and FIG. 23 together with the figure which shows the deformation by the associated force. It is a figure which shows the perspective view of the embodiment of the compressed body of the invention by FIG. It is a figure which shows the cross-sectional view of the mine entrance when the compressed body by this invention forms a part of a support structure.

According to state-of-the-art technology, it is stated at the beginning that the joints of the tunnel supports are made of arched steel I-shaped members, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the two I-shaped members a and b. Are connected to each other. There is a shrinkage gap c in the width S between the I-shaped members a and b. In order to connect these segments to each other so as to resist force, the two I-shaped members a and b are pressed by bolts f between the two surrounding steel strips d and e. Due to the pressure, as shown by the arrow g in FIG. 1, when the I-shaped members a and b move toward each other, a frictional force is created between the surface of the band and the I-shaped member, and the friction thereof. The force acts on the contraction of the clearance c. In this way, the tunnel support can deform the bedrock surrounding the tunnel and at the same time exert a support effect on it, to a degree of which depends on frictional resistance. This frictional resistance is a function of the coefficient of friction between the strip and the I profile, that is, between the steels, and is also a function of the tension created in the bolt.

However, the connection of I-shaped members of this type of arched steel has some substantial problems. The limit of frictional resistance between the strip and the steel I-shaped support beam is clearly indicated by the limited number and diameter of bolts and the low coefficient of friction between steels. In particular, if the coefficient of friction is low, the supporting effect on the rock surrounding the tunnel during deformation is very low, that is, as the rock moves closer to the shrinkage crevice c. A further problem is that the bending moments that can occur on the beam can result in an extra load on the bolt that can lead to breakage.

The methods and devices according to the invention are shown below in detail with reference to FIGS. 3-6.

The compressor 7 is arranged between the tunnel beam elements 2 of the tunnel support device 1 according to the present invention and receives the load generated by the deforming rock 5, but the compressor 7 is specified as the width of the clearance 6 becomes narrower. When the pressure is reached and exceeded, it is always contracted. This shrinkage occurs as a result of a change in the shape of the compressed body 7 having a large deformation ability. After exceeding the elastic limit of the material of the compressed body 7, it must also have a large yield property. In addition, when there is a moment resistance between the beam elements 2 at the same time, the shape of the compressor 7 must be selected so that it can rotate slightly. The apparatus according to the invention can meet these requirements by appropriately selecting the material, size, and geometry of the compressed body 7, as described below.

The following description uses FIGS. 7-9 to illustrate the functional principles of the support device 1, including the compressor 7 between the two beam elements 2 shown in FIGS. 4-6.

7 and 8 show the region of the support device having the compressed body 7 in the loaded and unloaded states, and the compressive force acting on the beam element 2 and thus acting on the compressed body 7 is designated as N and compressed. The height of the body 7 is designated as d in the unloaded state and as d'in the loaded state. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the deformation ε = (d−d ′) / d) of the compressed body 7 on the horizontal axis and the normal force N acting on the compressed body 7 on the vertical axis.

The deformation of the rock 5 causes the shape of the tunnel cavity 4 to shrink, and as a result, the support device 1 element, that is, the beam element 2, receives a compressive force and begins to move with respect to each other. At the same time, the compressed body is loaded and causes shrinkage. The compressor 7 is initially loaded, and these deformations ε proceed substantially linearly with the increasing load (N in FIGS. 7-9). When a predetermined force is reached, the compressed body 7 begins to undergo permanent (plastic) deformation. The beam elements 2 of the tunnel gradually bend as the load from the rock increases and move closer to each other while the height d decreases. Compressor 7 is compressed at an ever-increasing rate. As shown in FIG. 9, the compressive stress in the second region is maintained at a relatively high level. Then there is a third step in which resistance increases.

Embodiments of the compression body 7 are shown in FIGS. 10 to 12, where, in a circular cross section, a steel pipe 8 or a pipe member with a thick wall, and a pipe member, fixed to the pipe 8 by, for example, welding and arranged to face each other. It is composed of two parallel load plates 9 made of steel. Of the arched beams arranged in the longitudinal direction along the tunnel separated by the space forming a part of the entire support device 1, the beam element 2 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is shown enlarged here. In the case of this embodiment, it is an arched steel I-shaped beam, the ends of which are closed by a face plate 3 and are arranged equal to the length h of the compressor 7 and separated from each other. The gap 6 of FIG. 6 between the elements 2 can accommodate the entire compressed body 7, and is fixed to the face plate 3 of the beam element 2 together with the load plate 9.

When using the concept of "beam element" in the present invention, it should be noted that it is interpreted as broadly as possible, its cross-sectional shape may be different from I-shape, and the compressed body is complicated. It may be arranged between a beam element having a different shape, for example, a beam element composed of two or more I-shaped beams.

The ratio of the diameter of the circular pipe 8 and its wall thickness, that is, the V / D ratio shown in FIG. 10 is preferably selected in the range of 0.05 to 0.15, and in the case of this embodiment, the pipe. When the diameter D of 8 is 300 mm, that is, the wall thickness is V = 30 mm. The quality of the steel used is preferably E355, and the load plate 9 is also preferably made from this material. In this case, the tensile strength may be 400 to 500 N / mm ² and the plastic deformation may be 15 to 20%.

Many possible examples of guiding the pipe 8 of the compressor 7, i.e., the force P on the pipe member, through the load plate 9, are shown in FIGS. 13-20. For more detailed illustration, except for FIG. 16, the load plate 9 and the pipe 8 are shown in a state of being separated from each other, that is, in a state where they have not been assembled yet.

The general case of cylindrical pipes according to FIGS. 13 and 14 is the simplest, in which case the load plates 9 and pipe 8 remain stationary in their original state and the solution in another drawing. As in the case of, it has not changed. In this case, the force transmission initially occurs from the load plate 9 to the pipe 8 having the center of gravity axis K along the line V of the central surface Z shown by the broken line in FIG. Although only a portion of one load plate 9 and pipe 8 is shown in FIGS. 14, 15 and 17-19, in these cases the force P is 2 relative to the pipe 8, just as in FIG. It should be noted that it is clear that it takes two opposite directions.

In the case of the solution according to FIG. 15, where the pipe 8 and the load plate 9 come into contact, a part of the wall of the pipe 8 is removed along the entire length of the pipe 8 and thus a flat support to the load plate 9. The surface 10 is provided. As a result, force transmission occurs when the load begins to be applied along the flat surface 10. Therefore, in this case, the pipe 8 has been modified.

However, according to FIG. 16, the recess 11 having a curved surface that coincides with the surface of the pipe 8 is formed in the two load plates 9 at a place where the pipe 8 fits. Therefore, in this case, the force transmission occurs along curved surfaces that coincide with each other.

However, the load plate 9 is not only modified by the recess 11 according to FIG. 16, but can instead be modified to have a protruding portion 12 from the load plate 9 towards the pipe 8. This theoretical possibility is shown in FIG. 17 from the dimensions of the symbolic overhang 12, primarily the height m, and the longitudinal center plane Z passing through the geometric center point K of the pipe 8. The distance n, along with these shapes, affects the force applied.

This can be done by appropriately selecting the shape and dimensions m and n of the protruding portion 12 to meet the requirements for force transmission resulting from the rock load applied based on the diagram showing the force deformation according to FIG. It means that it is possible. The protruding portion 12 is arranged symmetrically with respect to the central surface Z, and may be fixed to n by welding, for example.

According to FIG. 18, the protruding portion 12 is wedge-shaped, and its inclined surface coincides with the curved surface of the pipe 8. However, in the case of FIG. 19, the protruding portion 12 is hemispherical.

It is clear that any shape and size of protrusion 12 must be considered within the protection of the present invention.

In addition to the above, it should be noted that the protruding portion 12 also serves to prevent the pipe 8 from cracking if a load that creates such a force component is applied to the beam.

Of the two figures showing deformation due to force shown in FIG. 20, the curve shown by the flatter solid line matches the simplest solution, that is, the structural solution shown in FIG. 14, in which case the introduction of force The curve, which is taken along line V and is a steeply sloping dotted line, is consistent with the introduction of forces with the structural solution according to FIG. FIG. 20 also shows the action of increasing the force P applied thereto and the action of the increase progressing, and this process also shows two kinds of structural solutions in a schematic and concrete manner in FIG. 21.

22 and 23 show the compressed product according to the present invention, which is indicated by reference numeral 13. In this case, the steel pipe 14 is preferably rectangular with rounded right-angled corners, in which case the side surfaces parallel to the longitudinal direction of the beam element 2 made of steel I profile are relatively slight. Curves inward. Here, the end portion of the beam element 2 is closed by a face plate 3 with a flange, and a load plate 9 fixed to the pipe 14 by welding, for example, is inserted into the face plate 3.

Also in the case of the present embodiment, the rectangular pipe 14 which has a right angle with the load plate 9 and may have a square cross section or a rectangular cross section is preferably made of E355 quality steel, and has a wall thickness v. Is selected as a function of height H based on the relational expression v / H = 0.05-0.15 as described above and is 30 mm.

As a result of the force P shown in FIG. 22, the deformation of the pipe 14 may have two types of results depending on the shape of the selected pipe. FIG. 24 shows a case where when the force P increases, the inwardly curved portion of the center of the pipe 14 is pushed outward and the two separate side walls are recessed inward. The two figures depicted in the charts illustrates this process well, with the ends of the pipe 14 being virtually perfectly flat between the beam elements 2, so the two beam elements 2 are They can be moved closer to each other, providing stability for the entire tunnel support, while behind them allowing the desired movement of the bedrock.

As the force P increases, the inwardly curved portion of the pipe 14 curves further inward, causing the deformation depicted at the top of FIG. 25 during the process, i.e., in this case, the pipe 14 between the load plates 9. The degree of compression increases.

The compression body 15 shown in FIG. 26 differs from the compression body 7 shown in FIGS. 10 to 12 in that there is no load plate 9 in FIG. 26, and instead, its function is a beam element 2 or I type. This is a point directly performed by the face plate 3 that closes the end portion of the material.

The advantage of the pipe 14 being raised outward according to FIG. 25 is that the pipe 14 is virtually completely deformed, that is, only the two plates support each other, so that the degree of proximity of the beam elements 2 to each other and the entire beam. Shrinkage is maximal, but bilateral ridges are not always preferred for other types of possible arrangements (eg, shotcrete) that support the rock between two adjacent beams.

Finally, FIG. 27 shows that the present invention need not only be used for tunnels, but can be used as a support device for rocks surrounding other underground spaces. FIG. 27 shows the mine entrance 16 dug into rock 5. The mine inlet 16 has a side wall and a roof 18 supported by them. The stanchion 17 is fixed in or on the side wall. The forces exerted on the mine entrance 16 are indicated by arrows P and p. In this case, the support device is formed by the support column 17 and the compression body 7 arranged under the support column 17. The compressor 7 used here may be the one shown by FIGS. 10 to 13, and when it is compressed, the roof 18 can move downward, and the mass of rock 5 on it moves. And the rock pressure on the mine entrance 16 is reduced.

The advantage of the present invention is that, unlike the friction-joined arched support beams shown at the beginning, the arched support beams or struts are suitable for any deformation that occurs in the rock and are used to support the rock. Ensure the required high load bearing capacity.

Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments detailed above, and may be implemented in various ways within the scope of protection defined in the claims.

The description of reference numerals is part of the present disclosure.
Reference code 1 Support device, 2 Beam element, 3 Face plate, 4 Underground cavity / Tunnel cavity, 5 Rock, 6 Clearance, 7 Compressor, 8 Pipe, 9 Load plate, 10 Support surface, 11 Indentation, 12 Protrusion, 13 Compression Body, 14 pipes, 15 compressors, 16 mine entrances, 17 stanchions, 18 roofs.

Claims (17)

An underground cavity (4), especially a support device (1) for stabilizing a tunnel.
With at least one first support beam,
With at least one compressed body (7, 13, 15),
Includes at least one second support beam
The first support beam and the second support beam are formed by an arch-shaped beam element (2) that can move so as to approach each other under load.
The first support beam and the second support beam are steel I-shaped beams or steel pipes.
The compressed body (7, 13, 15) is provided so that the first support beam and the second support beam can move under a load state, and the compressed body (7, 13, 15) is provided. It is made of a material having a yield strength of at least 235 N / mm ² and a permanent deformation function of yield to tensile ratio of at least 1.05.
The compressed bodies (7, 13, 15) are arranged between the arched beam elements (2).
The compressed body (7, 13, 15) includes a pipe (8, 14).
The pipe (8) has a circular cross section, and the wall thickness (v) of the pipe (8) is 0.05 to 0.15 times the diameter (D) of the pipe (8), or the pipe (14). ) Has a rectangular cross section at right angles and is selected from the range of 0.05 to 0.15 times the length of the side surface of the pipe (14) in the beam direction. The support device according to claim 1.
It said pipe having a right angle rectangular cross-section (14) has a curved corner, the side surface of the front Symbol support beams in the longitudinal direction parallel to a said pipe (14) is curved inwardly at its middle region. The support device according to claim 1 or 2.
It said pipe (8, 14) is fixed between the horizontal load plate (9) is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the front Symbol support beams, the supporting device. The support device according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
A support device in which the pipes (8, 14) are directly fixed to a face plate (3) for closing an end portion of the support beam. The support device according to claim 3.
The load plate (9) is a support device fixed to a face plate (3) for closing an end portion of the support beam. The support device according to claim 3 or 5.
A support device in which the pipe (8) having a circular cross section fits the load plate (9) along a flat surface (10) or fits the load plate (9) along a curved surface (11). The support device according to claim 3 or 5 or 6.
The load plate (9) for loading the pipe (8) having a circular cross section is formed on both sides of the pipe (8) at intervals from the geometric center surface (z) in the longitudinal direction of the pipe (8). A support device having a protruding portion (12) that comes into contact with the outer surface. The support device according to claim 7.
A support device in which the protruding portion (12) is wedge-shaped or hemispherical. The support device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
A support device in which the material of the compressed body (7, 13, 15) is steel. The support device according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
The support beam is a support device which is a steel pipe having a circular cross section. A support device for stabilizing the underground cavity (4), especially the mine entrance (15).
With at least one first support beam,
With at least one compressed body (7, 13, 15),
With at least one second support beam,
The first support beam and the second support beam are fixed in or on the side wall of the underground cavity (4) .
The first support beam and the second support beam are formed as columns (17), and the first support beam and the second support beam are formed as columns (17).
The first support beam and the second support beam are steel I-shaped beams or steel pipes.
The compressed material (7, 13, 15) is made of a ^{material having a yield strength of at least 235 N / mm 2} and a permanent deformation function of a yield to tensile ratio of at least 1.05.
At least one of the compressed bodies (7, 13, 15) is between the ground of the underground cavity (4) and the first support beam, or between the first support beam and the roof or roof element of the support device. Placed between
The support device is arranged between the ground of the underground cavity (4) and the second support beam, or between the second support beam and the roof or roof element of the support device. Contains compressed bodies (7, 13, 15)
The compressed body (7, 13, 15) includes a pipe (8, 14).
The pipe (8) has a circular cross section, and the wall thickness (v) of the pipe (8) is 0.05 to 0.15 times the diameter (D) of the pipe (8), or the pipe (14). ) Has a rectangular cross section at right angles and is selected from the range of 0.05 to 0.15 times the length of the side surface of the pipe (14) in the beam direction. The support device according to claim 11.
It said pipe having a right angle rectangular cross-section (14) has a curved corner, the side surface of the front Symbol support beams in the longitudinal direction parallel to a said pipe (14) is curved inwardly at its middle region. The support device according to claim 11 or 12.
It said pipe (8, 14) is fixed between the horizontal load plate (9) is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the front Symbol support beams, the supporting device. The support device according to claim 13.
The load plate (9) is a support device fixed to a face plate (3) for closing an end portion of the support beam. The support device according to claim 14.
It said pipe (8) is of circular cross-section, adapted to the load plate along a plane (10) (9), or the fit of the load plate (9) along the curved surface (11), the supporting device. The support device according to claim 15.
The load plate (9) for loading the pipe (8) having a circular cross section is formed on both sides of the pipe (8) at intervals from the geometric center surface (z) in the longitudinal direction of the pipe (8). A support device having a protruding portion (12) that comes into contact with the outer surface. The support device according to claim 16.
A support device in which the protruding portion (12) is wedge-shaped or hemispherical, and / or the material of the compressed body (7, 13, 15) is steel.

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