JP6945196B2 - Extraction or concentration method of biological components and extraction or concentration device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for extracting or concentrating biological components and an extraction or concentrating device.

As a biological component, for example, juice itself contained in a living organism as a food material is extracted and used as a food material, an industrial material, or the like. As such, for example, there is a fruit juice obtained by heat-treating and concentrating a fruit beverage produced from the fruit juice contained in the fruit.

In most fruit beverages, ascorbic acid, artificial flavors, glucose-fructose liquid sugar, sucrose, acid, etc. are added to the juice extracted by pressing and squeezing the fruits that are the raw materials in the fruit tree production area and nearby factories. It is sweetened and provided to consumers after being sterilized by boiling. However, it is necessary to minimize browning due to the Maillard reaction and caramelization reaction due to heat treatment. Therefore, a method has been proposed in which a heating chamber is filled with superheated steam at a pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure to hold and heat the food material in a reducing atmosphere in which air is eliminated (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-147468

However, since essential oils such as volatile flavors and non-volatile oil and fat components contained in fruits are taken in by superheated steam and exhausted, the obtained fruit juice has almost no scent, or even if it remains, it is produced. It will be in a state of volatilization in the process.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and not only suppresses heat change and oxidation while appropriately sterilizing the organism, but also sufficiently enhances the organism-likeness in the obtained biological component. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for extracting or concentrating biological components and an extraction or concentrating device that can be left in the water.

The present invention employs the following means in order to solve the above problems.
The method for extracting or concentrating a biological component according to the present invention is a vapor phase state in which the temperature is in the range of 130 ° C. or higher and 1300 ° C. or lower in a living organism containing a liquid portion in a solid portion or a treatment chamber in which a part of the biological component is held. A heating step of filling with superheated steam and a first recovery step of recovering the remaining portion in which water is evaporated from the liquid portion naturally exuded from the solid portion by the heat energy of the superheated steam as a first liquid substance. The second recovery step of returning the superheated steam discharged from the treatment room to produce a second liquid substance containing a part of the components constituting the organism, and the organism being removed from the second liquid substance. A step of extracting or concentrating a constituent component is provided , and in the heating step, the superheated steam is introduced from above the organism or a part of the organism while heating the organism or a part of the organism from below. It discharged from the downwardly.

Further, the method for extracting or concentrating a biological component according to the present invention further comprises a third recovery step of recovering the third liquid by further solid-liquid separating the solid portion after the first liquid is exuded. Be prepared.

Further, the apparatus for extracting or concentrating a biological component according to the present invention contains a living organism having a liquid portion in a solid portion or a treatment chamber for holding a part of the biological portion inside, and a superheated steam filling the treatment chamber. A steam generating part that is generated and heated in the treatment chamber until the superheated steam reaches a vapor phase state in the range of 130 ° C. or higher and 1300 ° C. or lower, and the said that the superheated steam naturally exudes from the solid portion by the thermal energy of the superheated steam. The superheated steam discharged from the treatment room containing a part of the components constituting the organism is restored to the storage portion for recovering the remaining portion obtained by evaporating the water from the liquid portion as the first liquid substance. A condensate unit that produces a second liquid substance, an extraction concentration unit that extracts or concentrates components constituting the organism from the second liquid substance, and the organism or a part of the organism are heated from below in the treatment room. comprising a heating unit for the said superheated steam Ru is discharged from below is introduced from above part of the organism or the organism.

Further, the device for extracting or concentrating the biological component according to the present invention further includes a separating portion for further solid-liquid separating the solid portion after the first liquid matter has been exuded.

According to the present invention, an biological component capable of sufficiently retaining the biological character from the biological component obtained by suppressing heat change and oxidation while performing an appropriate sterilization treatment on the living body is extracted or Can be concentrated.

It is a block diagram which shows the outline of the manufacturing apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a process drawing which shows the manufacturing method which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

An embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
The device (extraction or concentration device) 10 according to the present embodiment manufactures a fruit juice beverage or sugar concentrated from a peach (biological) P in which a fruit juice (liquid part) J is contained in a fruit pulp part (solid part) S. It is a manufacturing equipment. As shown in FIG. 1, this device 10 includes a treatment chamber 11 that holds a peach P inside, a steam generation unit 12 that generates superheated steam that fills the treatment chamber 11, and fruit juice exuded from a fruit flesh portion S. (First liquid material) A storage unit 13 for collecting J1 and a water recovery unit 15 for condensing superheated steam containing a part of fruit juice J and discharged from the treatment chamber 11 to generate a second liquid material L2. , A separation part 16 that separates the fruit juice J2 from the first fruit flesh remaining part S1 from which the fruit juice J1 has been exuded, an extraction concentration part 17 that obtains the fruit juice J3 (a component constituting the organism) from the second liquid L2, and an apparatus main body 18 And a heating unit 20 arranged at the bottom of the apparatus main body 18. That is, the device 10 is a device for producing fruit juice J of peach P.

The steam generation unit 12 includes a pump 21 for sending water that is a source of superheated steam, a filtration unit 22 for removing impurities contained in water, a water storage tank 23 for storing filtered water, and a water storage tank 23. A first heating unit 25 for boiling water, a second heating unit 26 for further heating boiling water to generate superheated steam, and a first piping unit 27 for connecting them are provided. The heating temperature in the second heating unit 26 can be changed according to the purpose of extraction so that the temperature of the superheated steam in the treatment chamber 11 is in the range of 130 ° C. or higher and 1300 ° C. or lower.

The treatment room 11 includes a treatment room main body 28, a support portion 30 in which the peach P is placed in the treatment room main body 28, and a hole 30a through which the fruit juice J1 exuded from the peach P can pass is arranged, and the treatment room 11 A locking portion 31 for attaching the support portion 30 is provided therein. The storage unit 13 includes a recovery pump 32 arranged outside the treatment room 11 and a second piping unit 33 that communicates the treatment room main body 28 and the recovery pump 32. The treatment room main body 28 is provided with an introduction port 28A for sending superheated steam generated by the steam generating unit 12 into the treatment room main body 28 and an discharge port 28B for discharging air and superheated steam in the treatment room main body 28. Has been done. The device main body 18 and the treatment room main body 28 may be communicated with each other. In this case, the superheated steam fills the inside of the apparatus main body 18. The condensate unit 15 includes a heat exchange device 35.

The separation unit 16 further separates the second pulp residual portion S2 and the fruit juice J2 from the first pulp residual portion S1 taken out from the treatment chamber 11 by screw press or centrifugation. The extraction / concentration unit 17 includes an extraction / concentration tank 36 for storing the second liquid substance L2, and an ultrasonic vibrator 37 arranged in the extraction / concentration tank 36. The condensate unit 15 and the extraction / concentration tank 36 are connected by, for example, a vacuum flange (not shown) so that air is not mixed from the outside from the treatment chamber 11 to the extraction / concentration unit 17. In the extraction and concentration unit 17, water is separated from the second liquid L2 to obtain fruit juice J3.

Next, the method for producing fruit juice J according to the present embodiment will be described together with the operation of the apparatus 10.
As shown in FIG. 2, this extraction method includes a cleaning step (S01), a pretreatment step (S02), a heating step (S03), a first recovery step (S04), a second recovery step (S05), and a concentration step ( S06), a third recovery step (S07), and a mixing step (S08) are provided.

In the washing step (S01), the surface of the peach P is washed. In the pretreatment step (S02), the epidermis and seeds of the peach P are removed to prepare the flesh portion S. The prepared flesh portion S is placed on the support portion 30 in the treatment room main body 28 of the storage portion 13. On the other hand, the heating unit 20 of the treatment chamber 11 is heated to preheat the inside of the treatment chamber 11 to a predetermined temperature. By preheating the treatment chamber main body 28, it is regulated that the temperature of the superheated steam is extremely lowered when the superheated steam is introduced in the heating step (S03). After that, the treatment room main body 28 is arranged in the treatment room 11.

In the heating step (S03), the steam generating unit 12 is operated to introduce superheated steam into the treatment chamber main body 28. At this time, first, the water is boiled in the first heating unit 25, and then the temperature is further raised in the second heating unit 26. When the overheat the steam became vapor phase from the liquid phase becomes reverse point at 170 ° C., steam is a dry gas (H 2 _O gas). The temperature and heating time of the superheated steam at this time are set in advance according to the purpose of extraction. For example, when sterilizing spore-forming bacteria or Bacillus subtilis, the superheated steam is heated so that the temperature is 350 ° C. or higher. This superheated steam is introduced into the treatment room main body 28 from the introduction port 28A. In this way, the inside of the treatment room main body 28 is filled with superheated steam, while the air inside the treatment room main body 28 is discharged from the discharge port 28B.

In the first recovery step (S04), the fruit juice J1 exuded from the flesh portion S is recovered. That is, when the superheated steam adheres to the surface of the fruit flesh portion S, the thermal energy (sensible heat and latent heat) of the superheated steam heats the fruit flesh portion S, and the steam adhering to the surface evaporates and vaporizes. At this time, the fruit juice J contained inside the flesh portion S heated by the superheated steam is exuded to the surface of the flesh portion S. At this time, a part of the water in the fruit juice J is boiled to concentrate the fruit juice J, which becomes the fruit juice J1 and is stored in the treatment room main body 28 through the hole 30a of the support portion 30. The stored fruit juice J1 is recovered by the recovery pump 32 via the second piping section 33. On the other hand, in the flesh portion S, the fruit juice J1 is exuded to become the first flesh remaining portion S1.

In the second recovery step (S05), the superheated steam discharged from the treatment chamber 11 is condensed to generate a second liquid L2. That is, the superheated steam is condensed by the heat exchange device 35 of the condensate unit 15. At this time, the second liquid L2 produced by condensing the water contains volatile components and unsaturated acids, which are scent components of peach P, and unsaturated acids and saturated acids.

In the concentration step (S06), water is separated from the second liquid L2 to obtain fruit juice J2 in which the aroma component and the like are concentrated. First, in the extraction and concentration tank 36 in which the second liquid material L2 is stored, the ultrasonic vibrator 37 arranged in the extraction and concentration tank 36 is operated to transmit ultrasonic waves of a predetermined wavelength to the liquid level of the second liquid material L2. Radiate towards. At this time, water is released from the second liquid L2 in the form of mist by ultrasonic waves, and the water is removed to concentrate the second liquid L2 and obtain fruit juice J2 containing a scent component and the like.

In the third recovery step (S07), the remaining portion S1 of the first pulp is taken out from the treatment chamber 11 and solid-liquid separated by the separation portion 16 to recover the fruit juice (third liquid substance) J3. As the separation means, a screw press or a centrifuge is selected according to the intended use of the remaining second pulp residual portion S2. For example, a screw press is used to puree the second flesh remaining portion S2, but the device is not limited to these devices. In this way, by mixing the fruit juices J1, J2, and J3 in the mixing step (S08), the fruit juice J that is concentrated and has the original scent of peach is obtained.

According to this apparatus 10 and the method for producing fruit juice J, the inside of the treatment chamber 11 can be made into an oxygen-free environment by superheated steam in the heating step (S03), and water-soluble vitamins due to oxygen contained in the air. The fruit flesh portion S can be heated to a high temperature in a short time while preventing the loss of the flesh portion S. In addition, browning can be suppressed by destroying the enzymes involved in the Maillard reaction and caramelization reaction contained in the flesh portion S. On the other hand, the components contained in the superheated steam and discharged from the treatment chamber 11 can be recovered as fruit juice J2 in the second recovery step (S05) and the concentration step (S06). That is, it is possible to obtain fruit juice J2 in which the natural scent of peach P remains. Further, by solid-liquid separating the first residual flesh portion S1 in the third recovery step (S07), not only the fruit juice J1 but also the second residual flesh portion S2 and the fruit juice J2 can be obtained. Further, it is also possible to extract a scent component or the like, an unsaturated acid or the like or a saturated acid from the fruit juice 2.

The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
For example, the fruit juice J1 may be further returned to the treatment chamber 11 and heated by superheated steam to evaporate and concentrate the remaining water. Further, the flavoring and the like may be further extracted from the fruit juice J2 without mixing the fruit juice J2 with the fruit juice J1. Further, in the concentration step (S06), the ultrasonic vibrator 37 arranged in the extraction and concentration tank 36 is operated to radiate ultrasonic waves toward the liquid surface, but the method here is not limited to this. , Vacuum evaporation concentration, freeze concentration, reverse osmosis membrane concentration, etc. may be used.

Further, although the peach P has been described in the above embodiment, the peach P is not limited to the peach P, and other fruits may be used. For example, the apparatus and method for producing pear juice may be the same as that for peach P. However, when the pericarp component and the flesh component are different like plums and both are useful, it is necessary to separately carry out the pericarp portion and the flesh portion in the same manner as the peach P. Further, in the case of grapes, instead of removing the pericarp in the pretreatment step, the grapes may be moved to the heating step (S03) with the pericarp still attached and the pericarp may be removed again after heating. Further, in the case of strawberries, it can be carried out without removing the seeds in the pretreatment step. Then, the obtained fruit juice may be used not only as fruit juice but also as an additive / pigment for coloring.

Further, depending on the fruit, it is not necessary to use all of the fruit juices J1 to J3, and it may be appropriately selected in consideration of taste, color and the like. Then, not only fruits but also vegetables may be used. For example, when tomatoes are used, the first liquid contains 2-hexanal, which causes a green odor, and by removing this, tomato juice or paste puree that is easy to drink can be obtained.

Moreover, not only fruits and vegetables but also other organisms such as other plants, fish and animals may be used. For example, when a tree such as a flower or a tree such as hinoki or hiba is used, a vegetable oil such as antioxidant hinokitiol can be extracted from the second liquid substance by adjusting the temperature and time in the heating step. It is also possible to extract fats and oils, which are saturated fatty acids, by heating animal fats.

10 equipment (extracting or concentrating equipment)
11 Treatment room 12 Steam generation part 13 Storage part 15 Condensation part 16 Separation part 17 Extraction concentration part J Fruit juice (liquid part)
J1 fruit juice (first liquid)
J3 fruit juice (third liquid)
L2 Second liquid P Peach (organism)
S pulp part (fixed part)

Claims (4)

A heating step in which an organism containing a liquid portion in a solid portion or a treatment chamber in which a part of the organism is held is filled with superheated steam in a vapor phase state in the range of 130 ° C. or higher and 1300 ° C. or lower.
A first recovery step of recovering the remaining portion obtained by evaporating water from the liquid portion naturally exuded from the solid portion by the thermal energy of the superheated steam as a first liquid substance.
A second recovery step of condensing the superheated steam discharged from the treatment room containing a part of the components constituting the organism to produce a second liquid substance, and a second recovery step.
A step of extracting or concentrating the components constituting the organism from the second liquid substance,
Equipped with a,
Wherein in a heating step, extraction or concentration of the organism or the introduced from above part of biological components you discharged from the lower side of the superheated steam while heating a portion from below the organism or the organism of organisms Method. The method for extracting or concentrating a biological component according to claim 1, further comprising a third recovery step of further solid-liquid separating the solid portion after the first liquid material has been exuded to recover the third liquid material. An organism that contains a liquid portion in a solid portion or a treatment room that holds a part of the organism inside.
A steam generating part that generates superheated steam to fill the treatment chamber and heats the superheated steam in the treatment chamber in the range of 130 ° C. or higher and 1300 ° C. or lower until it becomes a vapor phase state.
A storage unit that recovers the remaining portion obtained by evaporating water from the liquid portion that has naturally exuded from the solid portion by the thermal energy of the superheated steam as a first liquid substance.
A condensate part that produces a second liquid by condensing the superheated steam that contains a part of the components constituting the organism and is discharged from the treatment room.
An extraction / concentration unit that extracts or concentrates the components constituting the organism from the second liquid substance,
A heating unit that heats the organism or a part of the organism from below in the treatment room,
Equipped with a,
Extraction or concentrator of biological components that will be discharged is introduced from below the portion of the upper of the superheated steam is the organism or the organism.
The apparatus for extracting or concentrating a biological component according to claim 3, further comprising a separating portion for solid-liquid separating the solid portion after the first liquid material has been exuded.

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