JP6960262B2 - Dredging intake structure - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a dredging intake structure for taking in sludge in a dredging machine for dredging sludge accumulated on the bottom of a pond, lake, swamp or the like (hereinafter referred to as "pond or the like").

There is an urgent need to take measures against soil pollution caused by radioactive cesium diffused by the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station in March 2011. In particular, soil adsorbing radioactive cesium flows into the water area due to rainfall or the like and accumulates on the bottom of a closed water area such as a pond, resulting in an increase in the concentration of radioactive cesium.
If such a closed water area is an agricultural pond, it will recontaminate the cultivated land, and if it is a fishing ground, it will contaminate marine products, and urgent measures are required.

It is known that mud pollution on the bottom of the water is highly polluted on the surface and low on the deep. Therefore, a considerable amount of contaminated mud can be removed by dredging the mud with a depth of several centimeters to a dozen centimeters on the surface of the bottom of the water with a dredger. Patent Document 1 discloses a conventional pontoon for assembly work, and Patent Document 2 discloses a conventional dredging machine.

Since the conventional assembly-type workbench as disclosed in Patent Document 1 is merely an aggregate of floating bodies and is not provided with a dredging device, a dredging machine is separately prepared for dredging. There is a need to. Further, when a conventional dredging machine as disclosed in Patent Document 2 is used, for example, in order to enable efficient suction of mud even when the water bottom is hard or when a large amount of stones are contained, for example, at the tip. A stirring blade equipped with a sword is provided on a rotating shaft, and the stirring blade is rotated to stir the bottom of the water to suck mud.

JP-A-2002-37181

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2008-31745

The most important thing to pay attention to when collecting sludge on the bottom of the water is to prevent the sludge from being rolled up and diffused into the water. That is, it must be done so that the sludge that has calmed down on the bottom of the water does not diffuse into the water. However, both the inventions of Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 are work pontoons whose use is not limited, and if decontamination is to be performed using these, a separate dredging device will be installed on the pontoon. Therefore, depending on the conventional dredging machine, it is difficult to gently scoop only the surface of the bottom of the water such as a pond to be decontaminated, and there is a problem that sludge may be rolled up during movement. Therefore, a technique that can prevent sludge from being rolled up during the movement of the dredging structure has been desired.

In order to solve such a problem, the present invention provides a dredging intake structure having a canopy for removing sludge without winding it up.

Specifically, the upper surface, the back surface arranged at the rear end in the traveling direction of the upper surface, the side surface, the intake port provided near the lower end of the back surface for sucking up mud or sand to be dredged, and the traveling direction. A facing opening, a fence to prevent objects of a size that clogs the intake port from the substantially front end of the upper surface to the lower end of the back surface, a moving shaft for moving itself on the bottom of the water, and the upper surface. Provided is a dredging intake structure having a fence for absorbing turbidity that is rolled up by a water bottom protruding forward from a substantially front end.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a dredging intake structure having a function of preventing sludge from being rolled up when the dredging intake structure is moved.

Perspective view showing the basic structure of the dredging intake structure (viewed from the front)) Perspective view showing the basic structure of the dredging intake structure (viewed from the rear) Explanatory drawing on the relationship between the upper surface and the cross section of the dredging intake structure Variation deformation of the upper surface assumed by shallow sludge, standard, deep, steep or not steep slope A cross-sectional view illustrating the depth of sludge and variations of the body. If the sludge is deep, the length and height of this intake structure will increase. Deformation diagram explaining that a narrower opening, regardless of whether the slope is shallow or deep, can adapt to the bottom of the water and remove sludge. Explanatory drawing regarding the shape of the back surface and the correspondence between the angles of the two surfaces and the viscosity of the sludge. A diagram showing bending processing in an explanatory diagram of variations in the shape of the back surface. Diagram explaining that openings and fences change with height Explanatory drawing of opening and mud depth The figure explaining the relationship between the upper surface and the cross section when there are three intake ports instead of one of the standard ones. Explanatory drawing of the fence of the dredging intake structure as seen from below A diagram explaining that the diameter of the intake port is 3 to 5 times the distance between the fences. Explanatory drawing showing that it moves left and right around the connection part between the structure of the moving shaft and the socket. Explanatory drawing showing the structure of the dredging structure in which the dredging intake structure is formed together with the float portion. Cross-sectional view (a) showing the position of the eaves in the dredging structure and explanatory view showing the positions of sludge, dredging structure and eaves on the water bottom during use. Regarding the effects of eaves and sludge, cross-sectional views (a) and (b) showing that even sludge with a depth that would diffuse without eaves can be prevented from diffusing, and cross-sectional views showing the effect of eaves when sludge is shallow ( c) Top view of the structure of the eaves with adjustable angle. The structure and positional relationship between the eaves and the support plate are shown. Side view of the structure of the eaves with adjustable angle. The structure and positional relationship between the eaves and the support plate are shown. The figure explaining the case where the eaves provided at the tip of the upper surface protrudes to the left and right. Explanatory drawing when an eave is provided not only at the tip of the upper surface but also at the opening at the side surface.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
<Embodiment 1>

<Outline of Embodiment 1>
The dredging intake structure of the present embodiment has an eave at the upper tip of the opening (0105) and diffuses when dredging contaminated mud containing harmful substances such as radioactive cesium deposited on the bottom of a pond or the like. Can be taken in efficiently while suppressing.

<Structure>
The main dredging intake structure includes an upper surface (0101), a back surface (0102), a side surface (0103), an intake port (0104), an opening (0105), a fence (0106), and a moving shaft. It consists of (0107) and an eave (0108) for absorbing the turbidity that is rolled up at the bottom of the water. Hereinafter, the configuration of each part will be described.

<Top surface>
The "upper surface" (0101) is located above the main dredging intake structure and is provided with a moving shaft (0107) for moving on the bottom of the water. The length of the moving shaft can be adjusted according to the distance to the bottom of the water. In addition, an eave (0108) is provided on the upper side of the front end of the opening (0105) to absorb the turbidity generated by the sludge being rolled up in water.

The "upper surface" has a function of receiving the sludge taken into the inside of the dredging intake structure from the opening, carrying it to the intake, and at the same time suppressing the sludge from rolling up.

The variation of the upper surface depends on the depth of sludge on the bottom of the water (shallow, standard, deep) and the inclination angle of the bottom of the water (whether it is steep or not). The five types of (e) will be described separately. When the sludge is shallow in FIG. 4 (a), the length of the upper surface (M3) is shorter than the length of the upper surface (M1) of the standard sludge depth of FIG. 4 (b).
For example, in FIG. 4A, when the sludge depth is 10 cm (within an error of 20%), the width L1 is arbitrary, for example, about 40 cm to 50 cm, but the length M3 of the upper surface is It may be about 30 to 40 centimeters, and the height of the opening may be about 10 to 15 centimeters.

For example, when the sludge depth is standard in FIG. 4 (b), for example, when the sludge depth is 15 cm (within an error of 20%), the width L1 is arbitrary unless it is steep, for example, about 40 cm to 50 m. The length M1 of the upper surface may be about 35 cm to 45 cm, and the height of the opening may be about 15 cm to 18 cm.

For example, when the sludge depth is deep in FIG. 4 (c), for example, in the case of 20 cm (within an error of 20%), the width L1 is arbitrary unless it is steep, for example, about 40 cm to 50 cm. The length M2 of the upper surface may be about 40 cm to 50 cm, and the height of the opening may be about 20 cm to 24 cm.

For example, in FIG. 4 (d), the sludge depth is standard, but when it is necessary to move it parallel to a steep slope, for example, when the inclination is 10 degrees (error 20%), the sludge When the depth is 15 cm (within an error of 20%), the width L2 is, for example, about 30 cm to 40 cm, the length M1 of the upper surface is about 35 cm to 45 cm, and the height of the opening is about 35 cm to 45 cm. It may be about 15 cm to 20 cm.

For example, in FIG. 4 (e), when the sludge depth is 20 cm (within 20% error) and must be moved parallel to a steep slope, for example, when the inclination is 10 degrees (error 20%). The width L2 is preferably about 30 cm to 40 cm, the height of the opening is about 20 cm to 24 cm, and the length M2 of the upper surface is about 40 cm to 50 cm.

When the sludge is deep as shown in FIG. 4 (c), the length of the upper surface (M2) is longer than the length of the upper surface (M1) of the standard sludge depth of FIG. 4 (b). Further, when the bottom of the water such as a pond is a steep slope, the width of the upper surface is narrowed (L2) as shown in FIGS. As shown in b) and (c), the standard upper surface width (L1) is obtained.

The cross-sectional view of FIG. 5 explains the relationship between the sludge depth and the length of the upper surface (0101). This length is larger (M2) when the sludge is deep (L1) than the length (M1) of the upper surface of the main body when the sludge is shallow (L1). When the sludge is deep, the length of the dredging intake structure is long, and if the whole is not large, the sludge cannot be taken in sufficiently.

FIG. 6 shows a case where the slope is 90 degrees with respect to the traveling direction of the dredging intake structure. FIG. 6A shows the case where the opening has a standard width and a horizontal water bottom. When the slopes are the same, the wider the opening, the longer the distance between the end farther than the slope and the bottom of the water than the narrower the opening. That is, in FIGS. 6 (b) and 6 (d), L1> L2, and in FIGS. 6 (c) and 6 (e), M1> M2. Even if the opening is narrow, it is closer to the sludge on the slope, so that the efficiency of taking in is improved and the sludge on the slope is easily taken in. For example, FIGS. 6 (b) and 6 (d) assume an inclination angle of 10 degrees, but the opening width is preferably about 30 cm (width plus or minus 10%). Further, although the inclination angle is assumed to be 20 degrees in FIGS. 6 (c) and 6 (e), the opening width is preferably about 20 cm.

<Back>
The "back surface" (0103) is arranged at the rear end of the upper surface in the traveling direction. The "back" is equipped with an intake port that sends the contaminated mud of radioactive cesium taken in through the opening to the intake pipe. The shape of the "back" is not a straight line, but is angled from the side with the intake port as the apex so that sludge collects at the intake port.

FIG. 7 is a plan view illustrating the difference in the angles of the two surfaces having the intake port on the back surface as the apex due to the viscosity of the sludge. In FIG. 7 (a), when the viscosity of the sludge is low, it is easy to send the sludge from the opening and the intake port to the intake pipe, so that the angle is larger than that in the case of the standard viscosity, and the result is taken. It indicates that the amount of sludge sent to the pipe is large. On the contrary, in FIG. 7C, which is the case where the viscosity of the sludge is high, the angle between the two surfaces becomes small, and the sludge with a high viscosity is surely sent to the intake pipe, so that the amount of sludge is suppressed.
As an example of FIG. 7A, when the viscosity is about 100 sq.m / s to 200 sq.m / s, the crossing angle on the back surface is preferably about 160 degrees (width plus or minus 10%).
As an example of FIG. 7B, when the viscosity is about 200 sq.m / s to 500 sq.m / s, the crossing angle of the back surface is preferably about 120 degrees (width plus or minus 10%).
As an example of FIG. 7C, when the viscosity is 500 msec / sec or more, the crossing angle of the back surface is preferably about 80 degrees (width plus or minus 10%).
It is desirable to set the crossing angle of the back surface according to the viscosity.

FIG. 8 is a plan view showing variations in the shape of the back surface as in FIG. 7, and FIG. 7 introduced an example in which the back surface consisting of the intersection of two surfaces has an angle, but here, an example of bipolar bending is shown. .. FIG. 8A is a curved line, and the internal capacitance is increased as compared with the case where there is an angle on two surfaces. It is possible to efficiently take in the treatment of sludge and sand with low viscosity. FIG. 8 (b) is similarly curved, but the two plates are warped in the opening direction. As compared with the case of a bipolar shape having a deep angle, the intake port is narrowed, and as a result, the intake speed is increased. FIG. 8C shows an S-shaped curved surface on both sides of the approach opening. Compared with the curve of FIG. 8A, the internal amount of sludge taken in is reduced, and the same effect is obtained, but the influence on the traveling speed of the entire dredging structure is small. In this way, it is desirable to use each of FIGS. 8 (a), 8 (b), and 8 (c) properly according to conditions such as usage conditions and sludge viscosity.

<Side>
The "side surfaces" (0103) are installed on the left and right sides in the traveling direction of the main body, and the height gradually increases from the front end to the rear end with respect to the upper surface, thereby preventing the sludge taken in from spreading to the left and right. Also, ensure the strength of the dredging intake structure. An opening and a fence are provided at the tip where the side surface contacts the upper surface, and sludge taken in from the fence is stably sent to the intake pipe.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a variation of the side surface. The solid line indicates the side surface, and the dotted line indicates the fence. FIG. 9A is a standard, the tip of the fence reaches the side of the back surface, and the side surface draws an arc. On the other hand, in FIG. 9B, the lower side of the side surface is partially straight. Correspondingly, the fence also reaches the point where this straight part starts, and the bottom plate extends to the vicinity. It has the role of protecting the fence on the bottom of the water, which is extremely uneven with stones and rocks. FIG. 9C has the same length as the standard and is higher than the standard. The shape is suitable when the sludge is deep and the viscosity is low. There are many other variations, but it is desirable to use them properly depending on the conditions such as usage conditions and sludge viscosity.

<Intake port>
The “intake port” (0104) is provided near the lower end of the back surface, and sends out mud, sand, etc. contaminated with radiation cesium collected from the opening to the intake pipe. The intake pipe sends sludge to a storage place on land such as the edge of a pond via a float on the water.

FIG. 10 illustrates the position of the intake port. In Fig. (A), since the intake port is provided at the lower end of the back surface as standard, sludge taken in from the opening is sent out to the intake pipe from the intake port at the lower end without staying inside. The progress of the body is not hindered. In FIG. 10B, since the intake port is installed in the central portion of the back surface, sludge taken in is retained at the distance from the lower end of the back surface to the intake port. As a result, it cannot be efficiently sent from the intake port to the intake pipe, and the progress is hindered. Therefore, it is preferable that the lowermost edge of the intake port is arranged from 0 cm to 1 cm from the lower end of the back surface.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing variations of the intake port. There is one standard intake port and one intake pipe, but here there are three intake ports and three intake pipes (a, b, c). It is suitable for cases where stronger than standard uptake is required, such as when the taken-in mud has a high viscosity and the dredging must be completed at a faster speed than usual. There are many other variations, such as the deep, shallow, and curved shapes mentioned on the back, but it is desirable to use them properly depending on the conditions such as usage conditions and sludge viscosity.

<Opening>
The "opening" (0105) is installed in the traveling direction so as to be sandwiched between the upper surface, the back surface, and the side surface of the dredging intake port configured to dredge the mud on the bottom of the water for dredging. The opening extends from the front end to the back, suppressing the sludge from rolling up on the bottom of the water, and by sending the sludge to be taken in to the intake pipe, it is possible to proceed in the sludge.

The "opening" has an eave that overhangs at the front end to suppress the spread of sludge on the bottom of the water, and the fence draws an arc downward from the front upper end of the dredging intake structure toward the back of the intake pipe. Prevents the invasion of branches that can cause in other words

<Fence>
The "fence" (0106) is provided in the opening to prevent foreign matter such as branches of a size that can cause clogging at the time of intake. Considering the size of the tree branches that accumulate on the bottom of the water such as a pond, it is preferable to set the width between the fences and between the fences and the side surfaces to be about 8 cm or less.

The tip of the "fence" is bent backward on the lower surface of the main body. The "fence" blocks foreign substances such as branches and takes in contaminated sludge such as sand, rocks, pebbles, and mud that accumulates on the bottom of water such as ponds.

FIG. 12 is a bottom view of the dredging intake structure, and the entire fence can be seen. A fence is provided to cover the entire opening to prevent foreign matter larger than the intake port from entering the inside, while efficiently taking in sludge.

FIG. 13 shows the relationship between the lengths of the intake port (0104) and the fence (0106). That is, the distance between the fences must always be shorter than the diameter of the intake. In addition, the diameter of the intake must be as large as three times the distance between the fences and as small as five times the distance between the fences. As a result, the most efficient sludge uptake can be ensured, and unnecessary foreign matter can be prevented from being mixed.

<Moving shaft>
The "moving shaft" (0107) is a support column provided on the upper surface of the main dredging intake structure for moving itself on the bottom of a water such as a pond. By adjusting the length of the moving shaft, it corresponds to the water depth and can take in sludge on the bottom surface of the water without stirring the water such as a pond more than necessary.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory view of a moving shaft (0107) and a shaft receiver (1301) provided on the upper surface (0101) of the main dredging intake structure. The moving shaft is inserted into the shaft receiver (1301) on the upper surface, and is attached to the hole of the shaft receiver with bolts and nuts. Furthermore, it can rotate around the nut. The moving shaft corresponds to the movement of the dredging intake structure, and moves back and forth and left and right within the range limited to the size of the shaft receiver and the shaft to ensure the intake of sludge. In addition, the shaft can be moved up and down, and it can be submerged in sludge by the pressure on the bottom surface.

FIG. 15 is an overall configuration diagram including a float assembly (1504) having a main dredging intake structure (1501), a moving shaft (1502), and a turret (1503). The float assembly turret that receives the moving shaft on the water is installed on the rail (1505) and can be moved on the float by the wheels (1506), which is more efficient in response to the situation of ponds and the like. Can perform dredging work.

<Eaves>
The "eaves" (0108) project forward from the substantially front end of the upper surface and are installed to absorb the turbid floating mud that is rolled up from the bottom of the water such as a pond. Prevents sludge from rolling up when the dredging intake structure is moved.

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the dredging intake structure. FIG. (A) shows the position of the eaves, and FIG. (B) shows the position of the dredging intake structure on the bottom of the water such as a pond and sludge on the bottom of the water. The eaves are arranged so as to protrude to the front in the traveling direction, have an angle with respect to the horizontal plane (θ), and have a length of M1. The angle of the eaves can be changed, and the optimum angle can be set to prevent the spread of sludge depending on the situation. By arranging the eaves above the upper surface of the sludge, the turbidity that is rolled up from the bottom of the water such as a pond as a result of the movement of the dredging intake structure can be absorbed from the opening. The faster the advancing speed of the dredging intake structure, the more sludge is taken up from the bottom of the water. Therefore, it is conceivable to make the eaves optimal according to the forward speed. When the forward speed is about 2 m / min (width 10%), it can be said that the speed is low, so the eaves length M1 is preferably about 2 cm to 3 cm (width 10%). On the other hand, when the forward speed is about 1 meter / minute (width 10%), it can be said that the speed is high, so that the eaves length M1 is preferably about 6 cm (width 10%). The angle indicated by θ in the figure is preferably about 30 to 60 degrees in the low speed region, but preferably about 10 to 30 degrees in the high speed region. In the intermediate region where the above speed is, it is preferable that the length and angle of the eaves are also intermediate values. The first point at which hoisting occurs is the point (1601) shown in FIG. 16 (b). When the forward speed is fast, the point gives a large amount of energy to the mud and the winding occurs at high speed, whereas when the forward speed is slow, the energy given to the mud by the point is small and the winding is relatively slow. Occur.

FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram of the function of the eaves. FIG. (A) shows an intake structure for dredging when there is no eaves. If the height of the dredging intake structure is lower than the height of the sludge, the dredging intake structure for the purpose of taking in sludge will disperse sludge and turbidity into a pond or the like. FIG. (B) shows the case where the tip of the eaves is higher than the height of the sludge, and the sludge can be taken in through the opening. Figure (c) shows the case where the sludge does not hit the eaves lower than the eaves. Contrary to the high case in Fig. (A), it is unlikely that sludge and turbidity will be scattered in ponds and the like. The proper relationship between eaves and sludge height is essential for effective sludge uptake.

18 and 19 show examples of structures that allow the angle of the eaves to be adjusted. By adjusting the angle of the eaves, it is possible to efficiently take in contaminated mud containing harmful substances such as radioactive cesium deposited on the bottom of a pond while suppressing diffusion.

FIG. 18 is a top view of a dredging intake structure equipped with an eaves having an angle adjusting function. The eaves with angle adjustment function consist of three parts. There is one eave (1801) and two support plates (1802) that support and move the eaves on the left and right. FIG. 19 is a side view of the eaves (1901) having an angle adjusting function and the intake structure for weekly installation. The eaves are fixed to the side surface with bolts (1902), and the angle is adjusted depending on the position of the angle adjusting hole (1904) where the bolt of the support plate (1903) is fixed.
<Outline of Embodiment 2>

<Overview>
The invention of the present embodiment is a dredging intake structure in which the angle of the eaves (0108) provided at the tip of the upper surface can be adjusted, in addition to the feature of the first embodiment. Since the angle of the eaves can be adjusted, in addition to adjusting the angle to efficiently take in sludge, it is possible to prevent sludge from being rolled up when the dredging intake structure is moved. 3 Overview>

<Overview>
In addition to the features described in Example 1 or Example 2, the invention of this example is a dredging intake structure in which an eave (0108) provided at the tip of the upper surface projects in the left-right direction of the upper surface (Fig.). 20). By projecting the eaves in both the left and right directions on the upper surface, the sludge intake range is expanded, and in addition to being able to take in more efficiently, the range to prevent sludge from being rolled up during the movement of the dredging intake structure is expanded. ..
<Outline of Embodiment 4>

<Overview>
The invention of this example is a dredging intake structure in which eaves are provided on the side opening edge in addition to the features described in Example 1, Example 2, or Example 3 (FIG. 21). ). By providing eaves on the opening edges of both side surfaces (0103), the intake range when not provided is determined only by the width of the upper surface, and sludge is taken in by the length of the eaves overhanging. The range is expanded and sludge can be taken in more efficiently. Furthermore, the range in which sludge can be prevented from rolling up when the dredging intake structure is moved is expanded.

Top surface: 0101, 0201, 0301
Back: 0102, 0202
Side: 0103, 0203
Intake port: 0104, 0204, 1301
Aperture: 0105, 0305, 1303
Fence: 0106, 1801, 1302, 1502
Moving shaft: 0107, 0207, 0307, 1502
Eaves: 0108, 0208, 0308, 1801
Shaft receiver: 1401
Dredging intake structure: 1501
Tower: 1503
Float: 1504
Rail: 1505
Wheels of the turret: 1506
Eaves support plate: 1802, 1903
Joint between eaves support plate and eaves with angle adjustment function: 1901
Eaves with angle adjustment function and side joints: 1902
Eaves angle adjustment hole: 1904

Claims (4)

The top surface and the back surface located at the rear end of the top surface in the direction of travel,
Side and
An intake port provided near the lower end of the back surface for sucking up mud and sand to be dredged,
An opening in the direction of travel , which is formed from the substantially front end of the upper surface to the lower end of the back surface .
A fence to prevent objects of a size that is clogged from the front end of the upper surface to the lower end of the back surface, and
A moving shaft for moving itself on the bottom of the water,
It has an eaves that projects forward at an angle from the substantially front end of the upper surface, guides the turbidity that is rolled up at the bottom of the water to the lower side of the upper surface, and sucks it from the intake port on the back surface.
A dredging intake structure installed in the center where the intake is triangular toward the center of the back when viewed from the top. The dredging intake structure according to claim 1, wherein the eaves have an adjustable angle. The dredging intake structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the eaves project from the side surface in the left-right direction of the upper surface. The dredging intake structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising an eaves on the opening edge of the side surface.

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