JP6967243B2 - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a machine tool.

Conventionally, machine tools that process workpieces by multi-axis control have been known. For example, Patent Document 1 describes a machine tool that moves or rotates a spindle to which a tool is attached and a work to be machined with reference to a plurality of operating axes. This machine tool has a rotary table that rotates the work around a vertical rotation axis extending in the vertical direction, a table saddle that moves the work in the Y-axis direction on the rotary table, and a table saddle that moves the work in the X-axis direction on the table saddle. It has a table. As a result, in this machine tool, the work can be moved straight and rotated with respect to the bed. In addition, this machine tool has a head saddle that moves the spindle horizontally with respect to a column installed on the bed, a spindle that moves vertically on the head saddle, and a spindle that rotates around the vertical axis of rotation. It is equipped with a spindle head. As a result, in this machine tool, the tool can be moved straight and rotationally with respect to the bed.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-196074

By the way, in such a machine tool having a plurality of operating axes, the operation performed by the operator is very complicated. Specifically, the operator first switches the device to be operated by operating a button or the like when moving the tool or the work. As a result, the operating axis that serves as a reference when moving the tool or work can be switched. After that, when the worker inputs the movement amount, the operation target is moved based on the input movement amount.

However, in such a machine tool, an operator may make a mistake in the operation, so that an operation target that should not be moved may be selected. If the movement amount is input in such a state, there is a possibility that the operation target that should not be moved moves against the intention of the operator.

The present invention has been made in order to meet the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool capable of suppressing the occurrence of human error during operation.

The present invention employs the following means in order to solve the above problems.
The machine tool according to the first aspect of the present invention has a bed and a moving portion movable with respect to the bed, a machine machine main body for processing the work, and an operation system for adjusting the position of the moving portion. The operation system includes a base portion, a lever portion provided at the base portion that can be operated with one straight direction and one rotation direction as a movable direction with respect to the base portion, and a posture of the base portion with respect to the bed. A switching portion capable of switching a certain base posture between a plurality of base postures, and when the lever portion is operated in each of the base postures, the movable direction of the lever portion as seen from the bed is used as an operation direction. It has a movement instruction unit that moves the moving unit in the same direction as the operating direction.

According to such a configuration, the movement of the lever portion and the movement of the moving portion are similar. Therefore, the operator can operate the moving portion simply by moving the lever portion in the moving direction on the bed of the moving portion to be moved. Therefore, the operator can intuitively move the moving portion in the desired direction without performing a complicated operation.

Further, in the machine tool according to the second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the machine tool main body has a plurality of the moving portions, and the plurality of the moving portions are in a straight direction and one with respect to the bed. It is possible to move with at least one of the rotation directions as the moving direction, and the moving directions are different from each other, and the movable direction of the lever portion in each of the base postures as seen from the bed is among the plurality of the moving portions. It may correspond to the moving direction of any one of the moving portions.

According to such a configuration, there is no moving portion that moves in the same direction on the bed, and there is only one moving portion on the bed that moves in a direction that matches the movable direction of the lever portion operated by the operator. That is, when the lever portion is moved in one direction, only one moving portion can be moved. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the operator from moving an unintended moving portion.

Further, in the machine tool according to the third aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect, the plurality of base postures include two or more of the first posture, the second posture, and the third posture, and the first posture, In the second posture and the third posture, when viewed from the machine tool main body, the linear directions intersect each other in different directions, and the direction in which the central axis extends at the center of rotation in the one rotation direction is They may be in different directions that intersect each other.

With such a configuration, the one straight direction and the one rotation direction are different in the first posture, the second posture, and the third posture. Therefore, the lever portion cannot be moved in the same direction in different base postures. As a result, it is possible to prevent the operator from operating the lever portion in a base posture that should not be operated by mistake. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the operator from moving an unintended moving portion.

Further, in the machine tool according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to third aspects, even if the operation system has a direction indicating portion indicating the movable direction of the lever portion. good.

With such a configuration, the operator can easily recognize the movable direction of the lever portion with respect to the base portion.

Further, in the machine tool according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to the fourth aspects, the operation system has a sensor unit for detecting the base posture of the base, and the movement instruction. The unit may determine the operation direction and determine the moving direction of the moving unit based on the posture of the base detected by the sensor unit.

With such a configuration, it is possible to detect a defect such that the base posture switched due to a malfunction of the switching portion is different from the actual base posture. As a result, it is possible to prevent the operator from moving an unintended moving portion.

Further, the machine tool according to the sixth aspect of the present invention has a bed and a moving portion movable with respect to the bed, and adjusts the positions of the machine tool main body for processing the work and the moving portion. The operation system is provided with an operation system, and the operation system is provided at the base and the base, and can be operated only in one straight direction and one rotation direction with respect to the base, respectively, and the movable directions are different. It has a plurality of lever units and a switching unit that can be switched between a plurality of operation modes, and in the plurality of operation modes, it is possible to input only one operation of the lever unit that is different between the plurality of operation modes. Then, in each of the operation modes, the operation system moves the moving unit in the same direction as the operation direction with the movable direction of the lever unit as seen from the bed as the operation direction. It also has an indicator.

According to such a configuration, the movement of the lever portion and the movement of the moving portion are similar. Therefore, the operator can operate the moving portion simply by moving the lever portion in the moving direction on the bed of the moving portion to be moved. Therefore, the operator can intuitively move the moving portion in the desired direction without performing a complicated operation. Further, only the operation in one operation mode is transmitted to the moving unit via the moving instruction unit. Therefore, the operation on the lever unit corresponding to the operation mode other than the selected operation mode is not reflected on the moving unit. As a result, even if the lever portion is moved in a state where the operation mode is selected incorrectly, the moving portion does not move. That is, it is possible to prevent the moving portion that is not intended by the worker from moving.

Further, in the machine tool according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, in the sixth aspect, the plurality of the lever portions include two or more of the first lever portion, the second lever portion, and the third lever portion. The one lever portion, the second lever portion, and the third lever portion are in different directions in which the linear directions are orthogonal to each other when viewed from the machine tool main body, and at the rotation center in the one rotation direction. The extending directions of the central axes may be different directions orthogonal to each other.

According to such a configuration, the movable directions of the first lever portion, the second lever portion, and the third lever portion are different from each other. Therefore, different lever portions are not moved in the same direction. As a result, it is possible to prevent the operator from accidentally operating the lever portion that should not be operated. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the operator from moving an unintended moving portion.

Further, in the machine tool according to the eighth aspect of the present invention, in the sixth or seventh aspect, the lever portion itself indicates that the operation system is in an inputtable state in each of the operation modes. It may have a display unit.

With such a configuration, the operator can confirm at a glance which lever portion is in a state in which input is possible. Therefore, the operator can perform the operation more intuitively.

According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of human error during operation.

It is a side view which shows typically the gear grinding apparatus in this embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows typically the inside of the gear grinding apparatus in this embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the operation part of the 1st posture in 1st Embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the operation part of the 2nd posture in 1st Embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the operation part of the 3rd posture in 1st Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the gear grinding apparatus in 1st Embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the base part and the lever part in 2nd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the main part which shows the internal structure of the base part and the lever part in 2nd Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the gear grinding apparatus in 2nd Embodiment.

<< First Embodiment >>
Hereinafter, the first embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the gear grinding device (machine tool) 1 is a grinding device that grinds a work W as a gear with a grindstone (tool) T. In the gear grinding device 1, the work W is ground by bringing the grindstone T and the work W into contact with each other while rotating them synchronously. The work W is, for example, an object to be machined, which is formed in a disk shape or a cylindrical shape. In the work W, the teeth formed on the outer peripheral surface are ground by the grindstone T.

The grindstone T is formed in a cylindrical shape. A spiral grinding tooth corresponding to a desired gear tooth profile is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the grindstone T.

The gear grinding device 1 includes a grinding device main body (machine tool main body) 10 that processes a work W with a grindstone T, and an operation system 20 that adjusts the positions of various devices of the grinding device main body 10.

The grinding apparatus main body 10 is an apparatus for grinding a work W with a grindstone T while supplying grinding oil. The grinding apparatus main body 10 has a bed 11, an exterior portion 12, a grindstone support portion 13, a table (first moving portion) 14, and a counter column 15.

As shown in FIG. 1, the bed 11 is a pedestal installed on the floor surface. A grindstone support portion 13, a table 14, and a counter column 15 are attached to the bed 11.

The exterior portion 12 is a cover body that forms the appearance of the grinding apparatus main body 10. The exterior portion 12 is provided so as to cover the bed 11. The exterior portion 12 is provided with a door provided with a window 121. The window 121 is provided so that the operator can visually recognize the inside of the processing area on the bed 11 from the outside of the grinding apparatus main body 10.

The grindstone support portion 13 rotates and drives the grindstone T that grinds the work W. The grindstone support portion 13 movably supports the grindstone T with respect to the table 14 on the bed 11. As shown in FIG. 2, the grindstone support portion 13 has a column (second moving portion) 131, a saddle (third moving portion) 132, and a grindstone head (fourth moving portion) 133.

The column 131 is located on the bed 11 at a distance from the table 14. The column 131 is capable of moving the grindstone T with respect to the table 14 in one of the horizontal directions in a straight line. Here, the moving direction of the column 131 with respect to the bed 11 is referred to as an X-axis direction. The X-axis direction is one of the horizontal directions and is the longitudinal direction of the bed 11. Therefore, by moving the column 131, the position of the grindstone T with respect to the table 14 in the X-axis direction is adjusted.

The saddle 132 is movable in the Z-axis direction (vertical direction) with respect to the column 131. Therefore, by moving the saddle 132, the position of the grindstone T with respect to the table 14 in the Z-axis direction is adjusted. Further, the saddle 132 is rotatable with respect to the column 131 about the saddle axis O1 extending in the X-axis direction. Therefore, the rotation of the saddle 132 adjusts the angle of the grindstone T with respect to the table 14. That is, the saddle 132 is movable with respect to the bed 11 with the Z-axis direction as one straight direction, and is movable in one rotation direction with the saddle axis O1 as the rotation center.

The grindstone head 133 is movable with respect to the saddle 132 in a direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction including the Y-axis direction in the horizontal direction. The Y-axis direction is a direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, and is the width direction of the bed 11. The grindstone head 133 is moved in the Y-axis direction with respect to the bed 11 when the saddle 132 is not rotating. The grindstone head 133 adjusts the position of the grindstone T on the bed 11 in the Y-axis direction with respect to the table 14. That is, the grindstone head 133 is movable with respect to the bed 11 with the Y-axis direction as the unidirectional direction. The grindstone head 133 has a grindstone rotation shaft (fifth moving portion) 134 to which the grindstone T is detachable. The grindstone rotation shaft 134 rotates about the grindstone axis line O2 orthogonal to the X axis by the power of a drive source such as a motor provided on the grindstone head 133. That is, the grindstone rotation shaft 134 is movable with respect to the bed 11 in one rotation direction centered on the grindstone axis O2. In a state where the grindstone T is attached to the grindstone rotation shaft 134, the rotation axis of the grindstone T coincides with the grindstone axis O2.

The table 14 rotatably supports the work W on the bed 11. The table 14 is attached to the bed 11 at a position where the work W can face the grindstone T in the X-axis direction. The table 14 is rotatable with respect to the bed 11 in one rotation direction centered on the table axis O3 extending in the Z-axis direction. Therefore, the moving directions of the column 131, the saddle 132, the grindstone head 133, the grindstone rotation shaft 134, and the table 14 with respect to the bed 11 are different from each other.

The counter column 15 is arranged at a position separated from the grindstone support portion 13 in the X-axis direction with the table 14 interposed therebetween. A swivel ring 151 that rotates about the counter column axis O4 extending in the Z-axis direction is provided on the outer periphery of the counter column 15. The swivel ring 151 is provided with a pair of grippers 152 that are holding portions capable of holding the work W, and a dressing device (not shown) for dressing the grindstone T. The pair of grippers 152 are provided symmetrically with respect to the counter column axis O4. The work W is carried in and out of the table 14 by the gripper 152. Further, the dressing device is arranged between the pair of grippers 152 on the outer circumference of the swivel ring 151. Further, the counter column 15 is provided with a tail stock 153. The tailstock 153 is movable with respect to the counter column 15 so as to press the work W supported by the table 14 from above in the Z-axis direction toward the table 14.

The operation system 20 adjusts the positions of the column 131, the saddle 132, the grindstone head 133, the grindstone rotation shaft 134, and the table 14. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 to 6, the operation system 20 includes an operation panel 3 and a control unit (movement instruction unit) 8.

The operation panel 3 is a set of various devices necessary for the operator to operate the grinding device main body 10 at the time of operation operation or adjustment. The operation panel 3 has an operation panel main body 4, an operation unit 5, and a posture selection switch 6.

The operation panel main body 4 has a rectangular shape. The operation panel main body 4 is fixed to the exterior portion 12. The operation panel main body 4 is provided with an operation unit 5 and a posture selection switch 6. The operation panel main body 4 is provided with a plurality of buttons and the like for operating various devices of the grinding device main body 10 other than the operation unit 5 and the posture selection switch 6.

The operation unit 5 is a joystick operated by an operator. As shown in FIG. 3, the operation unit 5 has a base portion 51, a lever portion 52, and a posture changing portion (switching portion) 53.

The base portion 51 is supported by the operation panel main body 4 via the posture changing portion 53. An elongated hole extending in one direction is formed on one surface of the base 51. The base portion 51 is provided with a lever portion 52 that is tiltable and rotatable with respect to the base portion 51. Further, the base 51 has a built-in sensor unit 511 that detects the posture (orientation) of the base 51, such as a potentiometer or an acceleration sensor. The sensor unit 511 outputs information on the current posture of the base 51 to the control unit 8.

The lever portion 52 has a lever main body 55 and a grip portion 56.
The lever body 55 has a rod shape extending around the lever axis (central axis) O5. The lower end portion (one end portion) of the lever body 55 is tiltably and rotatably supported inside the base portion 51 by a support portion (not shown) in a state of being inserted into the elongated hole. From this, the lever body 55 can be tilted only in the one straight direction in which the elongated hole extends with respect to the base 51. Further, the lever body 55 is rotatable with respect to the base 51 with the lever axis O5 as the center of rotation. As a result, the lever body 55 can rotate only in one rotation direction with respect to the base 51.

In the lever main body 55 of the first embodiment, a detection device (not shown) for detecting the movable direction and the movable amount from the neutral position of the lever main body 55 such as a potentiometer is fixed inside the base 51. Here, the movable direction is the direction in which the lever body 55 is tilted and the direction in which the lever body 55 is rotated with respect to the base 51 from the neutral position, which is the state before the lever body 55 is moved. The movable amount is the amount of tilt or rotation of the lever body 55 with respect to the base 51 from the neutral position. Information on the detected movable direction and movable amount is output to the control unit 8 described later.

The grip portion 56 is fixed to the upper end portion (the other end portion) of the lever body 55. The grip portion 56 is formed in a columnar shape having a diameter larger than that of the lever main body 55, and can be gripped by an operator. A direction indicating portion 57 indicating the movable direction of the lever portion 52 is provided on the upper end surface of the grip portion 56 (the end surface on the side not connected to the lever body 55). In the direction indicating unit 57 of the present embodiment, the direction in which the lever body 55 is tilted and the direction in which the lever body 55 is rotated with respect to the base 51 are displayed as arrows.

The posture changing unit 53 is an actuator that connects the operation panel main body 4 and the base 51. The posture changing unit 53 can switch the base posture, which is the posture of the base 51 with respect to the operation panel main body 4, to a plurality of states (three in the present embodiment), and can maintain the base posture after the switching. There is. As a result, the posture changing unit 53 can switch the posture of the base 51 with respect to the bed 11 to any of a plurality of base postures via the operation panel main body 4 and the exterior unit 12. The posture changing unit 53 moves the base 51 so as to be one of the three base postures of the first posture, the second posture, and the third posture based on the signal from the posture selection switch 6. ..

Here, the first posture is the state shown in FIG. 3, in which the extending direction of the lever axis O5 of the lever main body 55 in the neutral position is the Z-axis direction, and the elongated hole is extended. This is the posture of the base 51 in which the direction is the X-axis direction. Therefore, in the first posture, the tilting direction of the lever body 55 when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the moving direction of the column 131, and the lever body 55 tilts in the X-axis direction with respect to the base 51. In the first posture, the rotation direction of the lever body 55 when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the rotation direction of the table 14, and the lever body 55 is centered on a rotation axis extending in the Z-axis direction with respect to the base 51. Rotate.

As shown in FIG. 4, the second posture is a state in which the extending direction of the lever axis O5 of the lever main body 55 in the neutral position is the X-axis direction, and the extending direction of the elongated hole is the Y-axis direction. This is the posture of the base 51 in the above-mentioned state. Therefore, in the second posture, the tilting direction of the lever body 55 when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the moving direction of the grindstone head 133, and the lever body 55 tilts in the Y-axis direction with respect to the base 51. Further, in the second posture, the rotation direction of the lever body 55 when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the rotation direction of the saddle 132, and the lever body 55 has a rotation axis extending in the X-axis direction with respect to the base 51. Rotate as the center.

As shown in FIG. 5, the third posture is a state in which the extending direction of the lever axis O5 of the lever main body 55 in the neutral position is the Y-axis direction, and the extending direction of the elongated hole is the Z-axis direction. This is the posture of the base 51 in the state. Therefore, in the third posture, the tilting direction of the lever body 55 when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the moving direction of the saddle 132, and the lever body 55 tilts in the Z-axis direction with respect to the base 51. Further, in the third posture, the rotation direction of the lever body 55 when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the rotation direction of the grindstone rotation shaft 134, and the lever body 55 rotates in the Y-axis direction with respect to the base 51. Rotates around an axis.

Therefore, in the first posture, the second posture, and the third posture, the tilting directions of the lever main body 55 are different directions orthogonal to each other when viewed from the bed 11. Further, in the first posture, the second posture, and the third posture, when viewed from the bed 11, the extending directions of the lever axis O5, which is the central axis when the lever body 55 rotates, are different directions orthogonal to each other. ing.

Further, in each base posture, the rotational movement of the device whose extension direction of the lever axis O5 coincides with the extension direction of its own rotation axis and the linear movement of the device whose tilting direction of the lever body 55 coincides with its own movement direction. It becomes an operation target. Therefore, for example, when the base 51 is in the first posture, the operation target is the linear movement of the column 131 or the rotational movement of the table 14. When the base 51 is in the second posture, the operation target is the straight movement of the grindstone head 133 or the rotation of the saddle 132. When the base 51 is in the third posture, the operation target is the straight movement of the saddle 132 or the rotational movement of the grindstone rotation shaft 134.

The posture selection switch 6 can be operated by an operator to select one of the three base postures of the first base posture, the second base posture, and the third base posture. Information on the selected base posture is output from the posture selection switch 6 to the control unit 8.

The control unit 8 is a computer that moves various devices to be operated in the grinding device main body 10 based on the operation on the operation panel 3 by the operator. The control unit 8 recognizes the movable direction of the lever unit 52 as seen from the bed 11 in each base posture as the operation direction. The control unit 8 moves the operation object on the bed 11 in the same direction as the operation direction. At that time, the control unit 8 moves various devices of the grinding device main body 10 by a moving amount according to the movable amount of the lever main body 55. As shown in FIG. 6, the control unit 8 has an input unit 81, a determination unit 82, and an output unit 83.

The operation information from the operation panel 3 is input to the input unit 81. The operation information includes, for example, information on the operation direction which is the movable direction of the lever portion 52 in each base posture, information on the amount of movement of the lever main body 55 from the neutral position, and the base posture selected by the posture selection switch 6. Information. Further, information on the detected current base posture is input to the input unit 81 from the sensor unit 511. The input unit 81 outputs the input operation information to the determination unit 82.

The determination unit 82 outputs a signal to the output unit 83 so as to send an instruction to switch to the selected base posture to the posture change unit 53 based on the information of the base posture input from the posture selection switch 6. After that, the determination unit 82 determines the operation direction from the sensor unit 511 based on the information of the base posture, and determines the movement direction of the operation target object. Specifically, the determination unit 82 determines whether or not the information on the base posture from the posture selection switch 6 and the information on the base posture from the sensor unit 511 match. When it is determined that they match, the determination unit 82 sets the operation target corresponding to each base posture in the direction corresponding to the movable direction of the lever body 55 based on the information of the operation direction input from the lever body 55. A signal is output to the output unit 83 so as to move it. At that time, the determination unit 82 outputs so as to move the operation target according to the movable amount of the lever main body 55 (for example, corresponding to the tilt amount and the rotation amount of the lever main body 55 in advance and corresponding to the ratio). A signal is output to unit 83. If they do not match, the operator may be notified via a display device (not shown) provided on the operation panel main body 4.

The output unit 83 sends an instruction to the posture changing unit 53 so that the selected base posture is obtained based on the signal from the determination unit 82. Based on the signal from the determination unit 82, the output unit 83 sends an instruction to the operation target to move in a direction corresponding to the movable direction of the lever body 55. As a result, the operation target is moved in the same direction as the operation direction of the lever portion 52 in each base posture.

Specifically, when the lever body 55 is tilted with respect to the base 51 in the first posture, an instruction is sent from the output unit 83 to the column 131 so that the lever body 55 moves straight in the same direction. Further, when the lever main body 55 is rotated with respect to the base 51 in the first posture, an instruction is sent from the output unit 83 to the table 14 so as to rotate and move in the same direction.

Similarly, when the lever body 55 is tilted with respect to the base 51 in the second posture, an instruction is sent from the output unit 83 to the grindstone head 133 so as to move straight in the same direction. Further, when the lever body 55 is rotated with respect to the base 51 in the second posture, an instruction is sent from the output unit 83 to the saddle 132 so as to rotate and move in the same direction.

When the lever body 55 is tilted with respect to the base 51 in the third posture, an instruction is sent from the output unit 83 to the saddle 132 so that the lever body 55 moves straight in the same direction. Further, when the lever body 55 is rotated with respect to the base 51 in the third posture, an instruction is sent from the output unit 83 to the grindstone rotation shaft 134 so as to rotate and move in the same direction.

In the gear grinding device 1 of the first embodiment as described above, the operation direction of the lever portion 52 and the operation target such as the column 131, the saddle 132, the grindstone head 133, the grindstone rotation shaft 134, and the table 14 are on the bed 11. Is in the same direction as the moving direction of. That is, the movement of the lever body 55 and the movement of the object to be operated are similar. Therefore, the operator can operate the operation object simply by moving the lever body 55 in the moving direction on the bed 11 of the operation object to be moved. Therefore, the operator can intuitively move the operation target in the desired direction without performing complicated operations such as operating a plurality of buttons. As a result, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of human error during operation.

Further, the moving directions of the column 131, the saddle 132, the grindstone head 133, the grindstone rotation shaft 134, and the table 14 to be operated are different from each other. Therefore, there is no device that moves in the same direction on the bed 11, and there is only one device on the bed 11 that moves in a direction that matches the movable direction of the lever body 55 operated by the operator. That is, when the lever portion 52 is moved in one direction, only one of the column 131, the saddle 132, the grindstone head 133, the grindstone rotation shaft 134, and the table 14 can be moved. .. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the operator from moving an unintended operation target. This makes it possible to further suppress the occurrence of human error during operation.

Further, the first posture, the second posture, and the third posture are determined so that the extending direction and the tilting direction of the lever axis O5, which is the center of rotation when moving the lever main body 55, are orthogonal to each other. Therefore, the movement of the lever body 55 is different in the first posture, the second posture, and the third posture. Therefore, the lever body 55 cannot be moved in the same direction in different base postures. As a result, it is possible to prevent the operator from operating the lever portion 52 in a base posture that should not be operated by mistake. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the operator from moving an unintended operation target. As a result, it is possible to further suppress the occurrence of human error during operation.

Further, since the direction indicating portion 57 is formed on the upper end surface of the grip portion 56, the operator can easily recognize the movable direction of the lever main body 55 with respect to the base portion 51.

Further, the sensor unit 511 detects the base posture, and the information on the current base posture is output to the control unit 8. Therefore, it is possible to detect a defect such that the base posture switched due to a malfunction of the posture changing unit 53 is different from the actual base posture. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the column 131, the saddle 132, the grindstone head 133, the grindstone rotation shaft 134, and the table 14 from moving in an unintended direction.

<< Second Embodiment >>
Next, a second embodiment of the gear grinding apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9. In the gear grinding apparatus shown in the second embodiment, a part of the operation system is different from that in the first embodiment. Therefore, in the description of the second embodiment, the same parts as those of the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicate description will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 7, the operation unit 7 of the operation system 20A of the second embodiment has a base unit 71 and a plurality of (three in this embodiment) lever units 72.

The base 71 is fixed to the operation panel main body 4. The base 71 has a spherically formed base main body 711 and a base connecting portion 712 that connects the base main body 711 to the operation panel main body 4.

The inside of the base body 711 is hollow. Holes are formed in the base body 711 in three directions orthogonal to each other with the center as the origin. The lever portion 72 is fitted in the hole so as to be movable.

The base connection portion 712 has a rod shape. One end of the base connection portion 712 is fixed to the operation panel main body 4, and the other end is fixed to the base main body 711.

As the lever portion 72, a first lever portion 721, a second lever portion 722, and a third lever portion 723 are provided. The first lever portion 721, the second lever portion 722, and the third lever portion 723 have the same structure except for their arrangement. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the third lever portion 723 will be described as an example.

As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the third lever portion 723 has a lever main body 74, a lever main body support portion 75, and a display portion 79.

The lever body 74 has a disk shape centered on the lever axis (central axis) O7. The lever main body 74 has a convex curved surface 741 having one surface facing the extending direction of the lever axis O7 projecting outward. The lever main body 74 is arranged so that the convex curved surface 741 protrudes from the hole formed in the base main body 711. In the lever body 74, two recesses 742 recessed from the convex curved surface 741 are formed so as to be separated from each other with the lever axis O7 sandwiched between them, so that a knob portion that can be grasped by an operator with a finger at the central portion through which the lever axis O7 passes is formed. 743 is configured.

The lever body support portion 75 supports the lever body 74 tiltably and rotatably with respect to the base body 711 with reference to the lever axis O7. The lever body support portion 75 includes a potentiometer 76, a tilt support portion 77, and a tilt amount detection unit 78.

The potentiometer 76 is arranged in the base body 711. In the potentiometer 76, the meter rotation shaft 762 is rotatable with respect to the meter main body portion 761 and the meter main body portion 761. A return spring (not shown) is provided in the meter body 761 to urge the meter rotation shaft 762 to return to its original position. The lever body 74 is fixed to the meter rotation shaft 762 so that the rotation center of the meter rotation shaft 762 and the lever axis O7 coincide with each other. That is, the potentiometer 76 rotatably supports the lever body 74 about the lever axis O7. As a result, the lever main body 74 can rotate only in one rotation direction with respect to the base main body 711.

The tilting support portion 77 supports the potentiometer 76 in a base body 711 so as to be tiltable. The tilting support portion 77 has a support portion main body 771, a guide rail 772, a guide roller 773, and a spring portion 774.

A meter main body 761 is fixed to the support main body 771. The guide roller 773 is supported on the support main body 771 in a rotatable state.

The guide rail 772 is a rod-shaped member having an arc shape. The guide rail 772 is arranged with the inside of the support portion main body 771 inserted so that both ends project to the outside of the support portion main body 771. The guide rail 772 is fixed to the inside of the base main body 711.

The guide roller 773 makes it possible to move the support main body 771 on an arc by sandwiching the guide rail 772. The guide rollers 773 are arranged so as to sandwich the guide rails 772 in a paired state. Two sets of the pair of guide rollers 773 are arranged apart from each other in the extending direction of the guide rail 772.

Two spring portions 774 are provided for one guide rail 772. The spring portion 774 connects the end portion of the guide rail 772 to the support portion main body 771. The support body 771 that has moved with respect to the guide rail 772 is urged to return to its original position by the springs 774 connected to both ends.

The tilting support portion 77 having such a structure allows the lever body 74 to move in the extending direction of the guide rail 772. The lever body 74 can be tilted along the inner surface of the base body 711 by the tilt support portion 77.

The tilt amount detecting unit 78 is a sensor that detects the amount of movement of the support unit main body 771 with respect to the guide rail 772. The tilt amount detecting unit 78 is housed in the support unit main body 771. The tilt amount detecting unit 78 is, for example, a photoreflector that detects a plurality of slits (not shown) formed in the guide rail 772.

As shown in FIG. 7, the display unit 79 is provided on the convex curved surface 741 of the lever body 74. The display unit 79 indicates on the third lever unit 723 itself that input is possible by turning on the light.

Here, in the first lever portion 721, the extending direction of the lever axis O7 of the lever main body 74 in the neutral position is the Z-axis direction, and the tilting direction of the lever main body 74 is the X-axis direction. Therefore, in the first lever portion 721, the tilting direction of the lever main body 74 when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the moving direction of the column 131, and the lever main body 74 tilts in the X-axis direction with respect to the base main body 711. do. Further, in the first lever portion 721, the rotation direction of the lever main body 74 when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the rotation direction of the table 14, and the lever main body 74 extends in the Z-axis direction with respect to the base main body 711. It rotates around the axis of rotation.

In the second lever portion 722, the extending direction of the lever axis O7 of the lever main body 74 in the neutral position is the X-axis direction, and the tilting direction of the lever main body 74 is the Y-axis direction. Therefore, in the second lever portion 722, the tilting direction of the lever main body 74 when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the moving direction of the grindstone head 133, and the lever main body 74 is in the Y-axis direction with respect to the base main body 711. Tilt. Further, in the second lever portion 722, the rotation direction of the lever main body 74 when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the rotation direction of the saddle 132, and the lever main body 74 extends in the X-axis direction with respect to the base main body 711. It rotates around the axis of rotation.

In the third lever portion 723, the extending direction of the lever axis O7 of the lever main body 74 in the neutral position is the Y-axis direction, and the tilting direction of the lever main body 74 is the Z-axis direction. Therefore, in the third lever portion 723, the tilting direction of the lever main body 74 when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the moving direction of the saddle 132, and the lever main body 74 tilts in the Z-axis direction with respect to the base main body 711. do. Further, in the third lever portion 723, the rotation direction of the lever main body 74 when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the rotation direction of the grindstone rotation shaft 134, and the lever main body 74 is in the Y-axis direction with respect to the base main body 711. It rotates around a rotation axis that extends to and.

Therefore, in the first lever portion 721, the second lever portion 722, and the third lever portion 723, the tilting directions of the lever main body 74 when viewed from the bed 11 are different directions orthogonal to each other. Further, in the first lever portion 721, the second lever portion 722, and the third lever portion 723, the extending directions of the lever axis O7, which is the central axis when the lever main body 74 rotates, are mutually extended when viewed from the bed 11. They are in different directions that are orthogonal to each other.

Further, the operation panel 3A of the second embodiment has a lever selection switch (switching unit) 6A. The lever selection switch 6A can be operated by an operator to select any one of the plurality of operation modes. Here, in one operation mode, only the operation of the corresponding lever unit 72 in the plurality of lever units 72 is transmitted to the operation target via the control unit 8A. Therefore, the lever portion 72 that can be input is different between the plurality of operation modes. With this lever selection switch 6A, any one of the three operation modes of the first operation mode, the second operation mode, and the third operation mode is selected. Information on the selected operation mode is output from the lever selection switch 6A to the control unit 8A.

Here, the first operation mode is a state in which only the operation information of the first lever unit 721 is input to the control unit 8A. Further, the second operation mode is a state in which only the operation information of the second lever unit 722 is input to the control unit 8A. Further, the third operation mode is a state in which only the operation information of the third lever unit 723 is input to the control unit 8A.

Further, in each operation mode, the rotational movement of the device in which the extension direction of the lever axis O7 in each lever portion 72 coincides with the extension direction of its own rotation axis, and the tilting direction of each lever body 74 coincides with its own movement direction. The operation target is the straight movement of the device to be operated. Therefore, for example, in the first operation mode, the operation target is the linear movement of the column 131 or the rotational movement of the table 14. Further, in the second operation mode, the operation target is the straight movement of the grindstone head 133 or the rotation of the saddle 132. In the third operation mode, the operation target is the straight movement of the saddle 132 or the rotational movement of the grindstone rotation shaft 134.

As shown in FIG. 9, operation information from the operation panel 3A is input to the input unit 81A of the second embodiment. The operation information is, for example, information on the operation direction which is the movable direction of each lever portion 72, information on the amount of movement of the lever main body 74 from the neutral position, and information on the operation mode selected by the lever selection switch 6A. Information on the operation direction and information on the amount of movement are input from the meter body 761 of the lever body support 75 and the tilt amount detection unit 78. The input unit 81A outputs the input operation information to the determination unit 82A.

The determination unit 82A of the second embodiment outputs to send a lighting instruction to the display unit 79 of the lever unit 72 corresponding to the selected operation mode based on the operation mode information input from the lever selection switch 6A. A signal is output to unit 83A. After that, the determination unit 82A determines whether or not the operation information input from the lever body support unit 75 is the operation information from the lever unit 72 corresponding to the operation mode selected by the lever selection switch 6A. When it is determined that the operation information is from the lever unit 72 corresponding to the selected operation mode, the operation corresponding to each lever unit 72 is performed based on the operation direction information input from the lever body support unit 75. A signal is output to the output unit 83A so as to move the object in the direction corresponding to the movable direction of the lever main body 74. At that time, the determination unit 82A outputs a signal to the output unit 83A so as to move the operation target according to the movable amount of the lever main body 74. Further, the determination unit 82A does not output a signal to the output unit 83A when it is determined that the operation information is not from the lever unit 72 corresponding to the selected operation mode.

Based on the signal from the determination unit 82A, the output unit 83A sends an instruction to light the display unit 79 of the lever unit 72 corresponding to the selected operation mode. Based on the signal from the determination unit 82A, the output unit 83A sends an instruction to the operation target to move in a direction corresponding to the movable direction of the lever body 74. As a result, the operation target is moved in the same direction as the operation direction of each lever portion 72.

Specifically, when the lever body 74 of the first lever part 721 is tilted with respect to the base body 711 in the state where the first operation mode is selected, the column from the output unit 83A so as to move straight in the same direction. Instructions are sent to 131. Further, when the lever body 74 of the first lever part 721 is rotated with respect to the base body 711 in the state where the first operation mode is selected, the output unit 83A instructs the table 14 to rotate and move in the same direction. Is sent.

Similarly, when the lever body 74 of the second lever part 722 is tilted with respect to the base body 711 while the second operation mode is selected, the grindstone head 133 is moved straight from the output unit 83A so as to move straight in the same direction. Instructions are sent to. Further, when the lever body 74 of the second lever part 722 is rotated with respect to the base body 711 while the second operation mode is selected, the output unit 83A instructs the saddle 132 to rotate and move in the same direction. Is sent.

When the lever body 74 of the third lever part 723 is tilted with respect to the base body 711 while the third operation mode is selected, an instruction is sent from the output unit 83A to the saddle 132 so that the lever body 74 moves straight in the same direction. Be done. Further, when the lever body 74 of the third lever part 723 is rotated with respect to the base body 711 in the state where the third operation mode is selected, the grindstone rotation shaft 134 is rotated from the output unit 83A so as to rotate in the same direction. Instructions are sent to.

In the gear grinding device 1A of the second embodiment as described above, as in the first embodiment, the operation direction of the lever portion 72, the column 131, the saddle 132, the grindstone head 133, the grindstone rotating shaft 134, the table 14, etc. The moving direction of the operation object on the bed 11 is the same. That is, the movement of the lever body 74 and the movement of the object to be operated are similar. Therefore, the operator can intuitively operate the operation object by simply moving the lever body 74 in the moving direction on the bed 11 of the operation object to be moved.

Further, only the operation information in one operation mode is transmitted to the operation object via the control unit 8A. Therefore, the operation by the lever unit 72 corresponding to the operation mode other than the selected operation mode is invalid without being reflected in the operation target object. Therefore, even if the lever portion 72 is moved with the operation mode selected incorrectly, the operation target does not move. That is, it is possible to prevent the operation target that is not intended by the operator from moving. This makes it possible to more reliably suppress the occurrence of human error during operation.

Further, as in the first embodiment, not only is there no object to be operated that is moved in the same direction, but also the movable directions of the first lever portion 721, the second lever portion 722, and the third lever portion 723 are different. Therefore, the movement of the lever body 74 is different between the first lever portion 721, the second lever portion 722, and the third lever portion 723. Therefore, the lever body 74 cannot be moved in the same direction in the different lever portions 72. As a result, it is possible to prevent the operator from operating the lever portion 72 that should not be operated by mistake. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the operator from moving an unintended operation target. As a result, it is possible to further suppress the occurrence of human error during operation.

Further, unlike the first embodiment, it is not necessary to switch the posture of the base 71 with respect to the operation panel main body 4. That is, it is not necessary to provide an actuator for changing the posture. As a result, it is possible to obtain an operation system 20A capable of suppressing the occurrence of human error during operation while suppressing the cost.

Further, by turning on the display unit 79, the operator can confirm at a glance which lever unit 72 is in a state in which input is possible. Therefore, the operator can perform the operation more intuitively.

(Other variants of the embodiment)
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, the configurations and combinations thereof in each embodiment are examples, and the configurations may be added or omitted within a range not deviating from the gist of the present invention. , Replacements, and other changes are possible. Further, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, but only to the scope of claims.

The machine tool is not limited to the gear grinding devices 1 and 1A as in the present embodiment. The machine tool may be any machine tool that has a plurality of moving parts and processes the work W with a tool. For example, the machine tool may be a multi-axis controlled machining center.

Further, the column 131, the saddle 132, the grindstone head 133, the grindstone rotation shaft 134, and the table 14 are not limited to moving in the direction shown in the present embodiment. The column 131, saddle 132, grindstone head 133, grindstone rotation shaft 134, and table 14 may be movable with respect to the bed 11 in at least one of one straight direction and one rotation direction as the movement direction.

The operation systems 20 and 20A are not limited to moving only the column 131, the saddle 132, the grindstone head 133, and the table 14. The operation systems 20 and 20A only need to be able to adjust the position of the movable portion with respect to the bed 11. For example, the operating systems 20 and 20A may adjust the positions of the swivel ring 151 and the tailstock 153.

The operation systems 20 and 20A are not limited to the structure in which the operation panel main body 4 is fixed to the exterior portion 12. For example, the operation panel main body 4 may not be provided on the exterior portion 12, and the operation systems 20 and 20A may be provided at a position independent of the grinding device main body 10.

The lever portions 52 and 72 are not limited to a structure in which only one straight direction and one rotation direction are movable directions with respect to the bases 51 and 71 as in the present embodiment. The movable direction of the lever portions 52 and 72 as seen from the bed 11 may correspond to the moving direction of any one of the plurality of operating objects. For example, the lever portions 52 and 72 may be attached to the bases 51 and 71. On the other hand, a plurality of different straight directions and rotation directions may be set as movable directions.

Further, the posture changing unit 53 in the first embodiment is not limited to a structure for switching the posture of the base 51 with respect to the operation panel main body 4, and it is sufficient that the posture of the base 51 with respect to the bed 11 can be switched. Further, the posture changing unit 53 is not limited to a configuration that can be switched to all of the first posture, the second posture, and the third posture as in the first embodiment. The posture changing unit 53 may be capable of switching to two or more base postures of the first posture, the second posture, and the third posture.

Further, in the first embodiment, in the first posture, the second posture, and the third posture, the tilting direction of the lever main body 55 and the rotation axes when rotating are orthogonal to each other when viewed from the grinding device main body 10. It is not limited to that. In the first posture, the second posture, and the third posture, the direction in which the lever main body 55 is tilted or the rotation axes when the lever main body is rotated may intersect each other when viewed from the grinding device main body 10.

Further, in the first embodiment, the posture selection switch 6 may not be provided. In this case, it is preferable that the control unit 8 is provided with a device for outputting information on the base posture by tilting the lever portion 52 by the operator to take one of the base postures.

Further, the operation unit 7 of the second embodiment is not limited to a structure including all of the first lever unit 721, the second lever unit 722, and the third lever unit 723 as the lever unit 72. Two or more of the first lever portion 721, the second lever portion 722, and the third lever portion 723 may be provided for one base main body 711.

1, 1A ... Gear grinding device T ... Grinding stone W ... Work 10 ... Grinding device body 11 ... Bed 12 ... Exterior part 121 ... Window 13 ... Grinding stone support part 131 ... Column 132 ... Saddle O1 ... Saddle axis 133 ... Grinding stone head 134 ... Grinding stone Rotating axis O2 ... Grinding stone axis 14 ... Table O3 ... Table axis 15 ... Counter column O4 ... Counter column axis 151 ... Swing ring 152 ... Gripper 153 ... Tailstock 20, 20A ... Operation system 3, 3A ... Operation panel 4 ... Operation panel body 5, 7 ... Operation unit 51, 71 ... Base 511 ... Sensor unit 52, 72 ... Lever unit O5, O7 ... Lever axis 55, 74 ... Lever body 56 ... Grip unit 57 ... Direction indicator 53 ... Attitude change unit 6 ... Attitude Selection switch 8, 8A ... Control unit 81, 81A ... Input unit 82, 82A ... Judgment unit 83, 83A ... Output unit 711 ... Base body 712 ... Base connection unit 721 ... First lever unit 722 ... Second lever unit 723 ... Three levers 741 ... Convex curved surface 742 ... Concave 743 ... Knob 75 ... Lever body support 76 ... Potentiometer 761 ... Meter body 762 ... Meter rotation shaft 77 ... Tilt support 771 ... Support body 772 ... Guide rail 773 ... Guide Roller 774 ... Spring part 78 ... Tilt amount detection part 79 ... Display part 6A ... Lever selection switch

Claims (8)

A machine tool body that has a bed and a movable part that can be moved with respect to the bed and processes the work.
It is equipped with an operation system that adjusts the position of the moving part.
The operation system is
At the base,
A lever portion provided on the base portion that can be operated with one straight direction and one rotation direction as a movable direction with respect to the base portion.
A switching unit capable of switching the base posture, which is the posture of the base with respect to the bed, between a plurality of base postures,
When the lever portion is operated in each of the base postures, the movement instruction unit that moves the moving portion in the same direction as the operation direction with the movable direction of the lever portion as seen from the bed as the operation direction. Machine tools with. The machine tool main body has a plurality of the moving portions, and the machine tool main body has a plurality of the moving portions.
The plurality of moving portions are movable in at least one of a straight direction and a rotation direction with respect to the bed, and the moving directions are different from each other.
The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the movable direction of the lever portion in each base posture as seen from the bed corresponds to the moving direction of the moving portion of any of the plurality of moving portions. .. The plurality of base postures includes two or more of the first posture, the second posture, and the third posture.
In the first posture, the second posture, and the third posture, when viewed from the machine tool main body, the linear directions intersect each other in different directions, and the center is centered on the center of rotation in the one rotation direction. The machine tool according to claim 2, wherein the extending directions of the shafts are different directions intersecting each other. The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the operation system has a direction indicating portion indicating the movable direction of the lever portion. The operation system has a sensor unit for detecting the posture of the base of the base.
The movement instruction unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the movement instruction unit determines the operation direction based on the base posture detected by the sensor unit to determine the movement direction of the movement unit. Machine Tools. A machine tool body that has a bed and a movable part that can be moved with respect to the bed and processes the work.
It is equipped with an operation system that adjusts the position of the moving part.
The operation system is
At the base,
A plurality of lever portions provided on the base portion, which can be operated with only one straight direction and one rotation direction as movable directions with respect to the base portion, and the movable directions are different from each other.
It has a switching unit that can be switched between multiple operation modes.
In the plurality of operation modes, it is possible to input only one operation of the lever portion that is different between the plurality of operation modes.
The operation system is a movement instruction unit that moves the moving unit in the same direction as the operation direction with the movable direction of the lever unit input from the bed as the operation direction in each operation mode. And a machine tool that has more. The plurality of lever portions include two or more of a first lever portion, a second lever portion, and a third lever portion.
The first lever portion, the second lever portion, and the third lever portion have different directions in which the linear directions are orthogonal to each other when viewed from the machine tool main body, and the rotation in the one rotation direction. The machine tool according to claim 6, wherein the extending directions of the central axes are different directions orthogonal to each other at the center. The machine tool according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the operation system has a display unit that displays on the lever unit itself that it is in an inputtable state in each operation mode.

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