JP6967484B2 - Condenser - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a condenser for cooling a mixed gas containing a non-condensable gas and a condensable gas, and more particularly to a condenser for cooling the mixed gas by natural circulation instead of forced circulation by a dynamic device.

The condenser generally includes a plurality of heat transfer tubes arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and a refrigerant is passed through the heat transfer tubes to condense the condensable gas on the outer surface of the heat transfer tubes. In a condenser, the number and length of heat transfer tubes are usually determined according to the amount of heat removed.

By the way, consider the case where a condenser is applied to cool the reactor containment vessel in the event of an accident in a nuclear power plant. In a boiling water type nuclear power plant, the storage container is filled with nitrogen during normal operation, so a mixed gas containing nitrogen as a non-condensable gas and water vapor as a condensable gas transferred into the storage container at the time of an accident is used. It will be condensed by the condenser. Further, in consideration of severe accidents, it is desirable to condense water vapor by a condenser by utilizing natural circulation force without using a dynamic device such as an electric fan. As a condenser that cools the mixed gas by utilizing the natural circulation force, a casing having an open upper surface and a lower surface and a plurality of heat transfer tubes arranged in the upper space inside the casing into which the refrigerant flows in and out are provided in the casing. It has been proposed that the lower space is provided with a lower chimni space in which a heat transfer tube is not arranged (see, for example, the fourth embodiment of Patent Document 1).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2017-26541

In a condenser that cools a mixed gas containing a non-condensable gas by using a natural circulation force like the condenser described in Patent Document 1, when the condensable gas of the mixed gas is condensed by a heat transfer tube located on the upstream side. By that amount, the concentration of the non-condensable gas in the mixed gas on the downstream side increases. Due to the increase in the concentration of the non-condensable gas in the mixed gas, the heat transfer coefficient in the heat transfer tube located on the downstream side decreases. That is, in the condenser, the heat transfer coefficient decreases as the heat transfer tube is located on the downstream side of the mixed gas. Therefore, in a condenser that cools the mixed gas by utilizing the natural circulation force, the number and length of heat transfer tubes are required to maintain the required amount of heat removal due to the decrease in the heat transfer rate on the downstream side of the mixed gas. There is a problem that the size of the condenser becomes large. In particular, when installing the condenser in the reactor containment vessel, the space that can be installed is limited, and it is desirable to reduce the size of the condenser.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a condenser capable of miniaturization while maintaining a required amount of heat removal.

The present application includes a plurality of means for solving the above problems. For example, a plurality of heat transfer tubes arranged in the vertical direction and through which a refrigerant flows and a casing surrounding the plurality of heat transfer tubes are provided. The casing has a first opening provided at a position above the uppermost portion of the plurality of heat transfer tubes, and a second opening provided at a position below the lowermost portion of the plurality of heat transfer tubes. It has a third opening provided at a position between the uppermost portion and the lowermost portion of the plurality of heat transfer tubes, and a gas separation film is provided so as to close the third opening, and the gas separation is performed. The film is characterized in that while molecules of a specific condensable gas are easily permeated, molecules of a non-condensable gas having a larger molecular diameter than the specific condensable gas are less likely to permeate.

According to the present invention, by providing a gas separation film having a property of selectively permeating a specific condensable gas in the third opening of the casing, the casing through the third opening of the specific non-condensable gas is provided. Since the inflow of the specific condensable gas into the casing through the third opening is allowed while preventing the inflow to the inside, the mixed gas composed of the specific condensable gas and the non-condensable gas is cooled. In this case, the concentration of the non-condensable gas in the mixed gas downstream of the third opening in the condenser can be reduced by the inflow of the condensable gas through the third opening. As a result, the heat transfer efficiency (heat transfer coefficient) in the heat transfer tube located downstream of the third opening is improved as compared with the condenser of the conventional configuration, so that the number of heat transfer tubes is maintained while maintaining the required heat removal amount. Can be reduced and the length can be shortened. That is, it is possible to reduce the size of the condenser while maintaining the required amount of heat removal.
Issues, configurations and effects other than those described above will be clarified by the following description of the embodiments.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the boiling water type nuclear power plant to which the 1st Embodiment of the condenser of this invention is applied. It is a perspective view which shows the 1st Embodiment of the condenser of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the operation | function of the 1st Embodiment of the condenser of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the 2nd Embodiment of the condenser of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the part of the casing in the 3rd Embodiment of the condenser of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the other embodiment of the condenser of this invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the condenser of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[First Embodiment]
First, the configuration of a nuclear power plant to which the first embodiment of the condenser of the present invention is applied will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a boiling water reactor to which the first embodiment of the condenser of the present invention is applied.

In FIG. 1, the boiling water type nuclear power plant 100 (hereinafter referred to as a nuclear power plant) includes a reactor pressure vessel 102 including a core 101 and a reactor containment vessel 103 for accommodating a reactor pressure vessel 102. The internal space of the reactor containment vessel 103 is divided into a dry well 104 in which the reactor pressure vessel 102 is arranged and a suppression chamber 105 for storing cooling water. Inside the drywell 104, various pipes (not shown) including a main steam pipe connected to the reactor pressure vessel 102 and various devices including a condenser 1 as a drywell cooler described later (not shown). ) Etc. are arranged. Further, in the dry well 104, a floor 107 is formed by a mesh steel plate called grating, so that an operator can walk when inspecting various pipes and equipment. The dry well 104 is filled with nitrogen gas during normal operation.

The nuclear plant 100 also includes a cooling system 110 for preventing overpressure of the reactor containment vessel 103 in the event of an accident such as the transfer of water vapor to the reactor containment vessel 103. The cooling system 110 includes a condenser 1 as a dry well cooler installed on the floor 107 in the dry well 104, and an external heat exchanger 112 that releases the heat removed by the condenser 1 to the outside. doing. The condenser 1 and the external heat exchanger 112 flow out from the inlet side pipe 113 for carrying the refrigerant (for example, cooling water) from the refrigerant outlet of the external heat exchanger 112 to the refrigerant inlet of the condenser 1 and the refrigerant outlet of the condenser 1. It is connected to an outlet side pipe 114 that carries the generated refrigerant to the refrigerant inlet of the external heat exchanger 112. A refrigerant circulation pump 115 for circulating a refrigerant is installed in the outlet side pipe 114. Seawater is drawn into the external heat exchanger 112 as a refrigerant by, for example, an external pump 117. The external heat exchanger 112 transfers the heat carried from the condenser 1 to the seawater and finally releases the deheated heat to the sea.

The condenser 1 of the present embodiment applied to the nuclear power plant 100 is steam as a condensable gas flowing out into the reactor storage container 103 and as a non-condensable gas filled in the reactor storage container 103 during normal operation. The mixed gas M with the nitrogen gas is cooled to condense the water vapor. Further, the condenser 1 condenses water vapor (condensable gas) by natural circulation instead of forced circulation by a dynamic device such as an electric fan.

Next, the configuration of the first embodiment of the condenser of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of the condenser of the present invention.

In FIG. 2, the condenser 1 is arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and includes a plurality of heat transfer tubes 10 through which a refrigerant flows, and a casing 20 that surrounds and accommodates the plurality of heat transfer tubes 10. An inlet header 11 is connected to one end side of the plurality of heat transfer tubes 10, and an outlet header 12 is connected to the other end side of the plurality of heat transfer tubes 10.

The plurality of heat transfer tubes 10 have, for example, a plurality of pipe lines extending in the horizontal direction (horizontal direction in FIG. 2) and having a plurality of U-shaped folded portions in the vertical direction ((12 steps in FIG. 2)). The inlet header 11 is configured to be juxtaposed. The inlet header 11 is connected to the above-mentioned inlet-side pipe 113 (see FIG. 1), and distributes and supplies the refrigerant to the plurality of heat transfer tubes 10. The outlet header 12. Is connected to the above-mentioned outlet side pipe 114 (see FIG. 1), and the refrigerants from the plurality of heat transfer pipes 10 are merged and recovered. The inlet header 11 and the outlet header 12 are lateral to the outside of the casing 20. Is located in.

The casing 20 is composed of, for example, a square tubular side wall 21 penetrating in the vertical direction. The height of the casing 20 is set to be slightly larger than the height of the heat transfer tube group composed of the plurality of heat transfer tubes 10 so as to accommodate the plurality of heat transfer tubes 10. The casing 20 is located below the first opening 31 that opens in the vertical direction at the upper end of the side wall 21 located above the uppermost portion of the plurality of heat transfer tubes 10 and below the lowermost portion of the plurality of heat transfer tubes 10. It has a second opening 32 that opens in the vertical direction at the lower end of the side wall 21. When cooling the mixed gas M of water vapor as a condensable gas and nitrogen gas as a non-condensable gas, the first opening 31 functions as an inlet of the mixed gas M and the second opening, which will be described in detail later. 32 functions as an outlet for the mixed gas M.

The side wall 21 of the casing 20 is provided with a plurality of third openings 33 (for example, two in FIG. 2) that open laterally to communicate the inside and outside of the casing 20. The third opening 33 is provided at a position between the uppermost portion and the lowermost portion of the plurality of heat transfer tubes 10. The third opening 33 is preferably provided in a region where the concentration of nitrogen gas in the mixed gas M increases due to the condensation of water vapor constituting the mixed gas M and the heat transfer efficiency of the heat transfer tube 10 and the mixed gas M greatly decreases. That is, it is preferable to provide the third opening 33 at the position of the heat transfer tube 10 on the middle or lower stage side, not on the upper stage side, among the heat transfer tubes 10 arranged in multiple stages in the vertical direction.

Each third opening 33 is provided with a gas separation membrane 40 so as to close the third opening 33. The gas separation film 40 has a network structure at the molecular level, and has a structure that does not allow molecules having a molecular diameter larger than the pores to permeate. In this embodiment, it is assumed that the mixed gas M of water vapor and nitrogen gas is cooled. Therefore, the gas separation film 40 has a characteristic that water vapor molecules as a condensable gas are easily permeated, while nitrogen gas molecules as a non-condensable gas having a larger molecular diameter than the water vapor molecules are not easily permeated. The molecular diameter of the water vapor molecule is, for example, about 0.264 nm, and the molecular diameter of the nitrogen gas molecule is about 0.38 nm. Therefore, the gas separation membrane 40 can selectively permeate water vapor molecules, for example, by making the size of the mesh (pores) of the network structure larger than 0.264 nm and smaller than 0.38 nm. ..

Next, the operation and function when the first embodiment of the condenser of the present invention is installed in the reactor containment vessel of a nuclear power plant will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the operation / function of the first embodiment of the condenser of the present invention. In FIG. 3, those having the same reference numerals as those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 have the same reference numerals, and therefore detailed description thereof will be omitted.

It is assumed that a part of the piping such as the reactor pressure vessel 102 of the nuclear power plant 100 shown in FIG. 1 and the main steam piping (not shown) is damaged and steam is released into the dry well 104. Since the pressure inside the dry well 104 rises due to the steam released into the dry well 104, it is necessary to prevent overpressure damage to the reactor containment vessel 103. In the present embodiment, the mixed gas M of the nitrogen filled in the dry well 104 and the water vapor flowing out into the dry well 104 is cooled by the condenser 1 to condense the water vapor, thereby condensing the water vapor in the reactor containment vessel 103. Prevent overpressure.

At the time of an accident, cooling water as a refrigerant is supplied from the inlet header 11 to the plurality of heat transfer tubes 10 of the condenser 1 shown in FIG. When the mixed gas M of nitrogen and water vapor is taken into the casing 20 of the condenser 1, the water vapor is condensed on the outer surface of the heat transfer tube 10 having a temperature lower than that of the mixed gas M, and the latent heat of the water vapor flows through the heat transfer tube 10. Move to the water. The cooling water whose temperature has risen due to heat exchange with the mixed gas M is recovered by the outlet header 12, cooled by the external heat exchanger 112 via the outlet side pipe 114 shown in FIG. 1, and passed through the inlet side pipe 113. It is sent to the entrance header 11 again.

When the mixed gas M taken into the condenser 1 shown in FIG. 2 is cooled and the water vapor as the condensable gas is condensed, the nitrogen gas as the non-condensable gas remains around the heat transfer tube 10 and is inside the casing 20. The concentration of nitrogen gas in the mixed gas M of the above increases. Since the nitrogen gas has a higher density than the water vapor, the density of the mixed gas M in the casing 20 is higher than the density of the mixed gas M around the outside of the casing 20. Therefore, the mixed gas M in the casing 20 flows downward and is discharged from the second opening 32 at the lower end of the casing 20. When the mixed gas M is discharged from the second opening 32 of the casing 20, the mixed gas M around the condenser 1 newly flows into the casing 20 from the first opening 31 at the upper end of the casing 20.

As described above, when the mixed gas M contains a nitrogen gas having a density higher than that of water vapor, the density difference between the mixed gas M inside and outside the casing 20 due to the density difference between the water vapor and the nitrogen gas is generated in the casing 20. As a driving force, a natural circulating flow from top to bottom is generated. Therefore, the condenser 1 can continuously take in the mixed gas M containing water vapor and cool it to condense the water vapor.

By the way, in the condenser 1, the water vapor contained in the mixed gas M is condensed by heat exchange with a plurality of heat transfer tubes 10 arranged in the vertical direction as it flows from the upper side to the lower side by the natural circulation flow. The nitrogen gas concentration increases as the mixed gas M on the downstream side increases. When the concentration of nitrogen gas in the mixed gas M increases, the partial pressure of water vapor decreases by that amount, so that the temperature of the mixed gas M decreases. As a result, the temperature difference between the cooling water flowing in the heat transfer tube 10 located on the lower side (downstream side of the mixed gas M) in the casing 20 and the mixed gas M becomes smaller, and the heat transfer tube 10 and the mixed gas M are correspondingly reduced. The heat transfer efficiency (heat transfer coefficient) of the That is, in the heat transfer tube 10 located on the lower side (downstream side of the mixed gas M) in the casing 20, the heat transfer efficiency is lowered due to the increase in the nitrogen gas concentration in the mixed gas M.

For this reason, in the condenser 1 that cools the mixed gas M of steam and nitrogen gas, if there are no restrictions on the installation location, the number of heat transfer tubes arranged in the vertical direction is reduced to the number of heat transfer tubes arranged in the horizontal direction. The heat transfer efficiency of the entire condenser is improved by increasing the configuration. However, when the condenser 1 is installed in the dry well 104 of the reactor containment vessel 103 shown in FIG. 1, there is a limitation in the space in which the condenser 1 can be installed. When a large number of heat transfer tubes must be arranged in the vertical direction due to the limitation of the installation space, in order to maintain the required heat removal amount, in the heat transfer tube 10 located on the lower side of the casing 20 (downstream side of the mixed gas M). Since it is necessary to increase the number and length of heat transfer tubes as compared with a condenser having a configuration in which a large number of heat transfer tubes are arranged in the horizontal direction as the heat transfer efficiency decreases, the size of the condenser 1 becomes large.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the mixed gas is formed in the third opening 33 provided at the position between the uppermost portion and the lowermost portion of the plurality of heat transfer tubes 10 on the side wall 21 of the casing 20. A gas separation membrane 40 having a property of selectively permeating only water vapor among M is installed. When a natural circulating flow of the mixed gas Mc is generated in the casing 20 of the condenser 1 shown in FIG. 3, the static pressure of the mixed gas Mc in the casing 20 decreases by the dynamic pressure corresponding to the speed of the natural circulating flow. There is a static pressure difference between the mixed gases Mc and Ms inside and outside the casing 20. Using this static pressure difference as a driving force, the mixed gas Ms outside the casing 20 tends to flow into the casing 20 through the third opening 33 of the casing 20. However, due to the gas separation membrane 40 installed in the third opening 33, only the water vapor S out of the mixed gas Ms of water vapor and nitrogen gas flows into the casing 20. The water vapor S flowing into the casing 20 is mixed with the mixed gas Mc in the casing 20 in which a part of the water vapor is condensed and the nitrogen gas concentration is increased. The nitrogen gas concentration of the mixed gas Mc mixed with the water vapor S flowing in through the third opening 33 decreases by the amount of the water vapor S flowing in. Therefore, in the condenser 1, due to the decrease in the nitrogen gas concentration in the mixed gas Mc on the downstream side (lower side) of the third opening 33, the lower side (downstream side of the mixed gas Mc) than the third opening 33. The heat transfer efficiency in the heat transfer tube 10 located in is improved as compared with the condenser of the conventional configuration, and the heat transfer amount is increased.

Since the nitrogen gas N that could not pass through the gas separation membrane 40 has a higher density than the mixed gas Ms around the condenser 1, it flows downward along the side wall 21 of the casing 20 due to gravity. Therefore, the gas separation membrane 40 can continuously flow only the water vapor S out of the mixed gas Ms around the condenser 1 into the casing 20 without causing clogging due to nitrogen gas molecules.

According to the first embodiment of the condenser of the present invention described above, the gas separation film 40 having a property of selectively permeating water vapor (condensable gas) is provided in the third opening 33 of the casing 20. , Nitrogen gas (non-condensable gas) can flow into the casing 20 through the third opening 33 while preventing the inflow of water vapor (condensable gas) into the casing 20 through the third opening 33. Therefore, when cooling the mixed gas M composed of water vapor (condensable gas) and nitrogen gas (non-condensable gas), it is downstream (lower side) than the third opening 33 in the condenser 1. ), The concentration of the nitrogen gas (non-condensable gas) in the mixed gas M can be reduced by the inflow of water vapor (condensable gas) through the third opening. As a result, the heat transfer efficiency (heat transfer coefficient) in the heat transfer tube 10 located on the downstream side of the third opening 33 is improved as compared with the condenser of the conventional configuration, so that the heat transfer tube is maintained while maintaining the required heat removal amount. It is possible to reduce the number of 10 pieces and shorten the length. That is, the condenser 1 can be miniaturized while maintaining the required amount of heat removal. By downsizing the condenser 1, it is possible to improve the degree of freedom of installation and reduce the cost.

Further, according to the present embodiment, by forming the casing 20 by the tubular side wall 21 penetrating in the vertical direction, the first opening 31 that opens in the vertical direction at the upper end of the casing 20 is the flow of the mixed gas M. In addition to functioning as an inlet, the second opening 32 that opens in the vertical direction at the lower end of the casing 20 functions as a discharge port for the mixed gas M, so that the mixed gas naturally circulates using the density difference between the inside and outside of the condenser 1 as a driving force. It is possible to suppress the pressure loss of the mixed gas M due to the inflow of M into the casing 20 and the discharge from the casing 20. Since a larger amount of the mixed gas M flows into the condenser 1 due to the suppression of the pressure loss of the mixed gas M, the amount of heat transfer in the condenser 1 increases. Therefore, the condenser 1 can be further miniaturized.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment of the condenser of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a second embodiment of the condenser of the present invention. In FIG. 4, those having the same reference numerals as those shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 have the same reference numerals, and therefore detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The second embodiment of the condenser of the present invention shown in FIG. 4 differs from the first embodiment in that the lower portion in the casing 20A is used to increase the driving force of the natural circulation flow of the mixed gas M. The chimni region R2 in which the heat transfer tube is not arranged is provided in the space. Specifically, the height of the casing 20A is set so as to extend to an arbitrary position within an allowable range of the installation space in addition to the height of the heat transfer tube group composed of the plurality of heat transfer tubes 10. The internal space of the casing 20A is a condensed region R1 as a first space in which a plurality of heat transfer tubes 10 are arranged, and a chimni region R2 as a second space in which the heat transfer tubes are not arranged and is located below the condensed region R1. I have. The second opening 32 of the casing 20A is located at the lower end of the chimni region R2 and constitutes the discharge port of the chimni region R2.

In the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, a natural circulating flow of the mixed gas M is formed by using the density difference of the mixed gas M inside and outside the casing 20A as a driving force, so that the mixed gas M is used. The water vapor of the mixed gas M can be continuously condensed by being taken into the condenser 1. Further, as in the first embodiment, only the water vapor S of the mixed gas Ms flows into the casing 20A through the third opening 33 by the gas separation membrane 40 installed in the third opening 33 of the casing 20A. Therefore, the concentration of nitrogen gas in the mixed gas Mc on the downstream side of the third opening 33 decreases, and the heat transfer tube 10 located on the lower side of the third opening 33 (downstream side of the mixed gas Mc) The heat transfer efficiency is improved (see FIG. 3).

Further, in the present embodiment, since the chimni region R2 is provided below the plurality of heat transfer tubes 10 (downstream side of the mixed gas), the nitrogen gas concentration increases due to the condensation of water vapor in the plurality of heat transfer tubes 10. Due to the chimney effect of the mixed gas M having an increased density, the driving force of the natural circulation flow increases by the height of the chimni region R2. As a result, the flow rate of the mixed gas M flowing into the condenser 1A increases, and the heat transfer amount of the condenser 1A increases by that amount.

According to the second embodiment of the condenser of the present invention described above, water vapor is transferred into the casing 20A from the third opening 33 of the casing 20A through the gas separation membrane 40 without disturbing the chimney effect of the chimni region R2. Since the gas can flow in, the heat transfer efficiency of the condenser 1A can be further improved by the amount that the flow rate of the mixed gas M flowing into the condenser 1A increases. Therefore, by offsetting the increase in size due to the chimni region R2 by reducing the number of heat transfer tubes by improving the heat transfer efficiency, it is possible to reduce the size of the condenser 1A while maintaining the required heat removal amount. Further, when a plurality of condensers are installed in order to maintain the required amount of heat removal, it is possible to reduce the number of condensers 1A installed. Therefore, the cost of the condenser 1A can be reduced.

[Third Embodiment]
Next, a third embodiment of the condenser of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a part of the casing according to the third embodiment of the condenser of the present invention. In FIG. 5, those having the same reference numerals as those shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 have the same reference numerals, and therefore detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The third embodiment of the condenser of the present invention shown in FIG. 5 is different from the first embodiment in that water droplets W generated by condensation of water vapor in the heat transfer tube 10 adhere to the gas separation membrane 40. The visor 25 is provided on the inner surface side of the casing 20B. The visor 25 is attached to, for example, the upper edge of the third opening 33 on the inner surface side of the side wall 21 of the casing 20B, and is attached to the gas separation membrane 40 on the inner side of the casing 20B so as to cover the third opening 33. On the other hand, they are arranged at intervals. Specifically, the visor 25 has an overhanging portion 26 projecting from the upper edge portion of the third opening portion 33 on the inner surface of the side wall 21 to the inside of the casing 20B, and a third opening portion 33 from the tip end portion of the overhanging portion 26. It is composed of a hanging portion 27 that hangs down to the position of the lower end edge and faces the gas separation membrane 40, and at least the lower end portion is open.

In the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the surrounding mixed gas Ms is taken into the condenser 1B, and the water vapor of the mixed gas Mc is continuously condensed on the outer surface of the heat transfer tube 10. .. The water droplet W generated by the condensation of water vapor falls in the casing 20B due to gravity. When the dropped water droplet W collides with the heat transfer tube 10 located on the lower side, the water droplet W may scatter and adhere to the inner surface of the side wall 21 of the casing 20. The water droplet W adhering to the inner surface of the side wall 21 flows down along the inner surface of the side wall 21 due to its own weight.

In the first embodiment, if the dropped water droplet W collides with the heat transfer tube 10 and scatters, it may adhere to the gas separation membrane 40 provided in the third opening 33 of the side wall 21 (see FIG. 3). .. Further, there is a possibility that the water droplet W flowing down along the inner surface of the side wall 21 may reach the gas separation membrane 40 and flow on the gas separation membrane 40. If water droplets W adhere to the gas separation membrane 40, the mesh of the gas separation membrane 40 may be blocked, and the water vapor S of the mixed gas Ms outside the casing 20 may not be able to partially permeate the gas separation membrane 40. As a result, the amount of water vapor S flowing into the casing 20 through the third opening 33 may be reduced, and the amount of increase in the heat transfer amount of the condenser 1 may be reduced accordingly.

On the other hand, in the present embodiment, since the visor 25 is provided so as to cover the third opening 33 at the position on the inner side of the casing 20B, the dropped water droplet W collides with the heat transfer tube 10 and scatters. However, the visor 25 can prevent the water droplet W from adhering to the gas separation membrane 40.

Further, in the present embodiment, since the visor 25 is provided so as to surround the upper edge portion of the third opening 33, the water droplet W flowing down along the inner surface of the side wall 21 reaches the visor 25 when it reaches the visor 25. Since it flows along the 25, it is possible to prevent the water droplet W from flowing down on the gas separation membrane 40. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the adhesion of the water droplet W on the gas separation membrane 40 and the obstruction of the permeation of the water vapor S due to the flow.

According to the third embodiment of the condenser of the present invention described above, the condenser 1B can be miniaturized while maintaining the required heat removal amount, and the cost can be reduced, as in the first embodiment. Is possible.

Further, according to the present embodiment, since the visor 25 is provided on the inner side of the casing 20 so as to surround the upper edge portion of the third opening 33 and cover the third opening 33, the heat transfer tube is provided. It is possible to suppress the adhesion and flow of water droplets W generated by the condensation of water vapor in No. 10 to the gas separation membrane 40. Therefore, the permeation of the gas separation membrane 40 of the water vapor S is not hindered, and it is possible to avoid a decrease in the inflow amount of the water vapor S into the casing 20B through the third opening 33. As a result, the heat transfer efficiency in the heat transfer tube 10 located on the downstream side (lower side) of the third opening 33 is improved as compared with the case of the first embodiment, so that the condenser 1B is further miniaturized. It is possible to reduce the cost.

[Other embodiments]
The present invention is not limited to the first to third embodiments described above, and includes various modifications. The above-described embodiments have been described in detail in order to explain the present invention in an easy-to-understand manner, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the described configurations. For example, it is possible to replace a part of the configuration of one embodiment with the configuration of another embodiment, and it is also possible to add the configuration of another embodiment to the configuration of one embodiment. It is also possible to add, delete, or replace a part of the configuration of each embodiment with another configuration.

Further, in the first to third embodiments of the condenser of the present invention described above, the condenser is configured to cool the mixed gas M of water vapor (condensable gas) and nitrogen gas (non-condensable gas). Examples of 1, 1A and 1B are shown. However, the present invention can be applied when cooling a mixed gas containing an arbitrary non-condensable gas (non-condensable gas other than nitrogen gas) having a molecular diameter larger than that of water vapor molecules. For example, it can be applied when cooling a mixed gas of air and water vapor as a non-condensable gas. It is also applicable when cooling a mixed gas of a specific condensable gas other than water vapor and a non-condensable gas having a larger molecular diameter than this condensable gas. In this case, the gas separation membrane 40 has a property that the molecules of the specific condensable gas are easily permeated, while the molecules of the non-condensable gas having a larger molecular diameter than the condensable gas are less likely to permeate.

Further, in the above-described embodiment of the condenser of the present invention, examples of the condensers 1, 1A and 1B composed of the rectangular tubular side wall 21 penetrating the casings 20, 20A and 20B in the vertical direction are shown. , A condenser having a tubular casing having an arbitrary shape such as a circular cross section, an ellipse, or a polygon other than a rectangle is possible.

Further, in the above-described embodiment of the condenser of the present invention, the casings 20, 20A, and 20B are formed of the side wall 21 by the square tubular side wall 21 penetrating the casings 20, 20A, and 20B in the vertical direction. An example of the condensers 1, 1A and 1B having a structure having a first opening 31 that opens vertically at the upper end and a second opening 32 that opens vertically at the lower end of the side wall 21 is shown. However, a condenser with a container-shaped casing that is closed in the vertical direction is also possible. The configuration of the condenser provided with such a casing will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the condenser of the present invention. In FIG. 6, those having the same reference numerals as those shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 have the same reference numerals, and therefore detailed description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 6, the casing 20C is composed of a square cylindrical side wall 21, a top plate 22 that closes the opening at the upper end of the side wall 21, and a bottom plate 23 that closes the opening at the lower end of the side wall 21. ing. At the upper end portion of the side wall 21 located above the uppermost portion of the plurality of heat transfer tubes 10, there are a plurality of first openings 31C that open laterally to communicate the inside and outside of the casing 20C (two in FIG. 6). It is provided. Further, at the lower end portion of the side wall 21 located below the lowermost portion of the plurality of heat transfer tubes 10, there are a plurality of second openings 32C that open laterally to communicate the inside and outside of the casing 20C (in FIG. 6). 2) It is provided. A plurality of third openings 33 (two in FIG. 6) provided with a gas separation membrane 40 are provided between the first opening 31C and the second opening 32C. The condenser 1C provided with the casing 20C having such a configuration also exhibits the same functions as the condensers 1, 1A and 1B provided with the casings 20, 20A and 20B of the first to third embodiments described above. Further, as a modification of the casing 20C shown in FIG. 6, it is possible to configure a casing in which the top plate 22 side is closed and the bottom plate 23 side is opened, or a casing in which the top plate 22 side is opened and the bottom plate 23 side is closed. ..

However, in the casing 20C, the mixed gas M flows in from the side through the first opening 31C, then turns downward and turns again, and is discharged to the side through the second opening 32C. Will be done. Therefore, as compared with the casings 20, 20A, and 20B penetrating in the vertical direction of the first to third embodiments, the effect of suppressing the pressure loss due to the inflow of the mixed gas M into the casing 20C and the discharge from the casing 20C is achieved. Becomes smaller.

1, 1A, 1B, 1C ... Condenser, 10 ... Heat transfer tube, 20, 20A, 20B, 20C ... Casing, 21 ... Side wall, 31, 31C ... First opening, 32, 32C ... Second opening, 33 ... 3rd opening, 40 ... gas separation membrane, 25 ... visor, R1 ... condensed region (first space), R2 ... chimni region (second space)

Claims (6)

Multiple heat transfer tubes arranged in the vertical direction and through which the refrigerant flows,
A casing that surrounds the plurality of heat transfer tubes is provided.
The casing is
A first opening provided at a position above the uppermost portion of the plurality of heat transfer tubes, and a first opening.
A second opening provided at a position below the bottom of the plurality of heat transfer tubes, and
It has a third opening provided at a position between the uppermost portion and the lowermost portion of the plurality of heat transfer tubes.
A gas separation membrane is provided so as to close the third opening, and the gas separation membrane is provided.
The gas separation membrane is characterized in that it is easy for molecules of a specific condensable gas to permeate, while it is difficult for molecules of a non-condensable gas having a larger diameter than the specific condensable gas to permeate. vessel. In the condenser according to claim 1,
The gas separation membrane is a condenser characterized in that it has the property of easily allowing water vapor molecules to permeate. In the condenser according to claim 2,
The gas separation membrane is a condenser characterized in that nitrogen gas molecules do not easily permeate. In the condenser according to claim 1,
The casing is composed of a cylindrical side wall that penetrates in the vertical direction.
The first opening is an opening that opens in the vertical direction at the upper end of the side wall.
The second opening is an opening that opens in the vertical direction at the lower end of the side wall.
The third opening is a condenser provided on the side wall and is a side opening. In the condenser according to claim 1,
The internal space of the casing is
The first space in which the plurality of heat transfer tubes are arranged and
It has a second space located below the first space and in which a heat transfer tube is not arranged.
A condenser characterized in that the second opening is located at the lower end of the second space. In the condenser according to claim 1,
A condenser attached to an upper edge portion of the third opening on the inner surface side of the casing and provided with a visor arranged on the inner side of the casing so as to cover the third opening.

Images