JP6967504B2 - Fertilizer and cultivated plant production method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing fertilizers and cultivated plants. More specifically, the present invention is a fertilizer that promotes the growth of plants, especially monocotyledonous plants, and increases the yield of seeds or fruits thereof, typically grains such as rice, wheat and corn, and cultivated plants using the same. It is about the production method of.

Although silicon is not an essential element for plants, it is an important component in monocotyledonous plants, especially grasses. The main indications and effects of silicon in plants include, for example, prevention of lodging, reduction of excess manganese, and reduction of pests and diseases such as suppression of blast and powdery mildew. The resistance to these pests that silicon brings to plants is that not only the silica deposited in the plant builds a physical barrier against pathogens, but also the silicon in the plant induces resistance to the infected site. It has been reported that water-soluble silicon plays an important role in this pest resistance (see, for example, Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).

Originally, soil contains a large amount of silicon, but they exist in the form of sparingly soluble aluminum silicate, which is difficult for plants to absorb, and are said to be efficiently used for plant growth. Is hard to say.

From this point of view, silicon-containing fertilizers have been applied to rice paddy fields in the past, but most of the commonly used silicon-containing fertilizers are the silicon source. It uses slag (mineral slag) obtained when refining iron and various metals, and under the conditions of general soil pH of about 5 to 7, the amount of silicic acid eluted is extremely reduced. It was not an efficient source of silicic acid.

Further, in Patent Document 1, crystalline slag, particularly _{one containing a mineral phase of dicalcium silicate (2CaO · SiO 2} ), has high silicic acid elution even under conditions of about pH 5 to 7. It has been shown that the fertilization effect is improved, but it is only an improvement among those using the same slag type, and it cannot be said that it is sufficient yet. The composition of the slag in Patent Document 1 is mainly composed of CaO, SiO ₂ , MgO, and Al ₂ O ₃ , with CaO in an amount of 40 to 60% by mass, SiO ₂ in an amount of 25 to 40% by mass, and MgO in an amount of 5. It is shown that the content is ~ 15% by mass, Al ₂ O ₃ is 0 to 5% by mass, and the CaO / SiO _{2 mass ratio is 1.4 to 2.0.}

Further, in order to facilitate the absorption of silicon into plants, attempts have been made to convert a silicon-containing compound into a liquid fertilizer. For example, in Patent Document 2, orthosilicic acid (positive orthosilicic acid), which is said to be most easily absorbed by crops, has been made. In obtaining silicic acid) H ₄ SiO ₄ (Si (OH) ₄ ), it has been proposed to hydrolyze alkyl orthosilicic acid (tetraalkoxysilane) in an aqueous solution under acidic conditions to produce a liquid fertilizer. .. However, fertilizers obtained by synthesis using pure chemical raw materials such as tetraalkoxysilane can be expected to be expensive in terms of price even if the amount added is small, and the flammability of the raw materials. There are also problems such as irritation. For this reason, it remains questionable in terms of commercialization. Furthermore, although liquid fertilizers are excellent in terms of immediate effect, it is well known that orthosilicic acid is generally difficult to maintain as a stable simple substance because it is rapidly dehydrated and condensed to become silica, and after spraying as a solution. It was doubtful that gelation of the active ingredient would not occur in.

In Non-Patent Document 2 described above, it is necessary to accumulate a large amount of silicon for the healthy growth and stable high yield of rice, and in normal plants, silicon is neutral at pH 9 or less and has no charge. It is absorbed from the roots in the form of silicic acid (orthosilic acid) as a molecule and transported to the above-ground part, where the silicic acid is gradually concentrated and polymerized by evaporation and deposited as silica, and such absorption is also possible. , Efficiently transports silicic acid through the collaborative work of the silicic acid inward transporter Lsi1 protein that transports silicic acid from outside the cell to the inside of the cell and the silicic acid outward transporter Lsi2 protein that transports silicic acid from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell. The idea that it is is shown. However, it has also been reported that the expression of Lsi1 and Lsi2 is significantly suppressed when sufficient silicic acid is continuously given. Therefore, the mechanism of silicon accumulation shown in the same document, even if it is correct, can contribute to the growth and high yield of rice, and is not considered to be absolute. rice field.

In this way, many studies and proposals have been made on the provision of silicon components in anticipation of plant growth, especially increase in grain yield, but they have not reached a sufficiently satisfactory level. Further studies and improvements were desired.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-218565 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-67996

Eiichi Takahashi, "What is silicic acid for crops?" Useful elements "that enhance environmental adaptability, 1st printing, Rural Culture Association Japan, September 25, 2007, p. 188-189 Ma Jianfeng et al., "Rice Silicon Transporter", Protein Nucleic Acid Enzyme Vol. 52 No. 14 1849-1856 (2007), "Rice Silicon Transporter"

Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention promotes the growth of plants, especially monocotyledonous plants such as Gramineae, and effectively increases the yield of seeds or fruits thereof in a stable and economical manner. It is an object of the present invention to provide a silicon-containing fertilizer that can be provided at a low cost and a method for producing a cultivated plant using the fertilizer.

As a result of diligent studies and research to solve the above problems, the present inventors applied fertilizer made from waste glass to the soil in the cultivation of gramineous plants such as rice, wheat, and corn. It was found that the grain yield was significantly increased when the rice was cultivated.

Furthermore, when examining the plants cultivated in this way, it is found that not only the grain yield but also the mass of the whole plant (plant mass) is significantly increased as compared with the plants cultivated in the comparative control plot. Although it was confirmed, on the other hand, the silicon concentration in the plant was not so different from that of the plant grown in the comparative control group, but rather decreased, and in terms of the increase in grain yield as previously claimed, H orthosilicate H ₄ It has been found that the absorption of silicon in the form of SiO ₄ (Si (OH) ₄ ) is not linked to the theory that a large amount of silicon must be accumulated in the plant body.

As a result of further diligent research to investigate the cause of the increase in yield, the present inventors have obtained the above-mentioned materials regarding the concentration _{of metasilicate ion (SiO 3} ^{2-) in paddy water in hydroponic cultivation of rice.} It was found that there was a big difference in the given implementation group compared with the comparative control group. That is, in the early stage of rice cultivation, the _{concentration of metasilicate ion (SiO 3} ^2- ) in water is slightly higher in the implementation group than in the comparative control group, and there is not much difference, but in the long-term nutritional period. In the comparative group, the concentration was significantly reduced, and it was also observed that the expression of the Lsi gene was promoted in rice, whereas in the implementation group, the concentration was slightly decreased, but the concentration was increased from the initial stage of cultivation. However, it was observed that the expression of the Lsi gene was also suppressed in rice.

From these facts, in terms of increasing the grain yield in the cultivation of gramineous plants, as is conventionally referred to in Non-Patent Document 2, rice has silicon as a neutral molecule, orthosilicate H ₄ SiO ₄ (Si). (OH) _{It does not mean that it absorbs in the form of 4} ) and accumulates a large amount of silicon in the plant body, but rice takes in silicon in _{the form of metasilicate ion (SiO 3} ^2- ), and the plant body takes in silicon. It is important to have an action mechanism such as an increase in grain yield due to an increase in the amount of photosynthesis, and in such a process, as described above, a material that has been fired and foamed using waste glass as a raw material has a long term. We have come to the conclusion that silicon can be stably _{eluted and provided in the form of metasilicate ions (SiO 3} ^2- ), and that it has a remarkable effect on the growth of rice and the increase in grain yield. It has been completed.

That is, the present invention that solves the above problems is a fertilizer containing a vitreous foamed fired body.

As the fertilizer according to the present invention, an embodiment in which the vitreous foamed fired body has a bulk density of 0.3 to 0.6 g / cm ³ and a water absorption rate of 30 to 35% is shown.

The fertilizer according to the present invention, the glassy foam, the glassy foam, comprises SiO ₂ or 65.0 mass%, indicating a metasilicate ion _(SiO ^{3 2-)} eluting in water Aspects of things are shown.

Further, as the fertilizer according to the present invention, at least one foaming agent in which the vitreous foam is selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide, calcium carbonate, aluminum nitride, and Al ash as a waste glass crushing raw material. Is blended in an amount of 0.1 to 3% by weight based on the total amount of the raw material and fired.

As the fertilizer according to the present invention, the vitreous foam fired body _{contains SiO 2} 65.0 to 75.0% by mass, CaO 7.0 to 15.0% by mass, and Na ₂ O 10.0 to 16.0. _wt%, K 2 O 0 to 3.5 wt%, MgO 0 to 4.5 _{wt%, Al} 2 O 3 0 to 2.5 wt%, C 0 to 2 wt%, less than other components 3 mass containing An aspect of the mass is shown.

The present invention, which solves the above problems, is also a method for producing a cultivated plant, which comprises arranging the fertilizer described above in the vicinity of the root of the plant in soil cultivation or hydroponic cultivation of a monocotyledon.

In the method for producing a cultivated plant according to the present invention, an embodiment in which the plant is a gramineous plant is shown.

The present invention solves the above problems are also methods of modulating growth of cultivated plants, which comprises adjusting the metasilicate ion (SiO 3 ^_2-) concentration in the vicinity of the plant roots.

In the method for regulating the growth of a cultivated plant according to the present invention, _{an embodiment in which the concentration of metasilicate ion (SiO 3} ² ) in water given to the cultivated plant is maintained at 20 to 25 mg / L is shown.

According to the present invention, in growing a plant, a very simple operation of applying a fertilizer made of a vitreous foamed calcined body to the root of the plant can significantly increase the yield of the plant, particularly rice and wheat. Since it is effective against all major grains such as corn and corn, it greatly contributes to solving food problems. In addition, there is no need to improve plant varieties, which requires enormous research costs and time to increase yields, and as a result, it greatly contributes to food cost reduction. Further, since the vitreous foam fired body according to the present invention is manufactured from waste glass as a raw material, it is low cost and resource-saving, and further, this material is regarded as "soil" under the Waste Law, and the law There is virtually no environmental burden, either physically or substantially. Furthermore, according to the present invention, the molecular morphology of silicon taken up by plants in their bodies is clarified, and it is expected that it will contribute significantly to the elucidation of the evolution of monocotyledonous plants.

It is a photograph which compares (a) the rice of the first variety in the Example group cultivated using the fertilizer of this invention, and (b) the growth state of the rice of the first variety cultivated in the comparative control group. It is a graph which shows the silicon concentration in a plant in the rice of the first cultivar in the Example group cultivated using the fertilizer of this invention, and the rice of the first cultivar cultivated in a comparative control group. It is a graph which shows the plant body mass in the rice of the first variety in the Example group cultivated using the fertilizer of this invention, and the rice of the first variety cultivated in a comparative control group. It is a graph which shows the fruit (brown rice) yield in the rice of the first variety in the Example group cultivated using the fertilizer of this invention, and the rice of the first variety cultivated in the comparative control group. It is a graph which shows the fruit (brown rice) yield in the rice of the second variety in the Example group of another variety cultivated using the fertilizer of the present invention, and the rice of the second variety cultivated in another comparative group. .. Planted seedlings in Example Ward with fertilizer of the present invention, and a 60 day metasilicate ion (SiO 3 ^_2-) concentration after a paddy field water without planting, planted seedlings comparison control group, and it is a graph showing the time course of metasilicate ions (SiO 3 ^_2-) concentration of paddy water after 60 days without planting. It is a micrograph which shows the state of the Lis gene expression in the rice in the Example group which cultivated the rice using the fertilizer of this invention, and the micrograph which shows the state of the Lis gene expression in the rice which was cultivated in the comparative control group. It is a photograph comparing the growth state of (a) wheat in the Example group cultivated using the fertilizer of the present invention, and (b) the wheat cultivated in the comparative control group. It is a photograph comparing the growth state of (a) corn in the Example group cultivated using the fertilizer of the present invention and (b) the corn cultivated in the comparative control group.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on the embodiments.

(fertilizer)
The fertilizer of the present invention contains a vitreous foamed fired body.

As will be described later, the vitreous foamed fired body is typically made from waste glass, and a small amount of foaming agent is added thereto to the glass to have a softening point or higher, generally 750 ° C. or higher, preferably 750 ° C. or higher. It is obtained by firing in the range of 840 to 980 ° C, typically around 880 ° C.

Therefore, although the composition varies slightly depending on the type of glass _{contained in the waste glass used as a raw material, it contains 65.0% by mass or more of SiO 2} as a silicon component, and most of the balance is alkaline or alkaline earth metal. Since it becomes an oxide, a large amount of water-soluble metasilicate is contained in the calcined body phase. Therefore, the vitreous foamed fired body _{exhibits metasilicate ion (SiO 3} ^2- ) elution with respect to water. Although not particularly limited, specifically, for example, when 100 g of a vitreous foamed fired body is placed in 1 liter of pure water at a water temperature of 20 ° C. (± 5 ° C.) and stored statically for 3 days, metasilicic acid is used. Ion Ion (SiO ₃ ^2- ) elution amount is 25 to 50 mg / L, particularly 35 to 45 mg / L, for example 41 mg / L, and particularly preferably, the elution amount for 14 days is 50 mg / L or more, particularly. , 50-70 mg / L, for example, 56 mg / L.

In particular, since the main waste glass is soda lime glass such as glass bottles, flat glass, and window glass, it has a composition relatively close to this, and typically SiO ₂ 65.0 to 75.0% by mass. , in particular 70.0 to 74.0 wt%, CaO 7.0-15.0 wt%, in particular 10.0 to 13.0 _wt%, Na 2 O 10.0-16.0 wt%, especially 10. 0 to 13.0 _wt%, K 2 O 0 to 3.5% by weight, in particular 1.0 to 3.0 wt%, MgO 0 to 4.5% by weight, in particular 1.0 to 3.0 wt%, al ₂ O ₃ 0 to 2.5 wt%, especially less than 1.0 wt%, C 0 to 2 wt%, especially less than 1.5 wt%, less than other components 3 mass, in particular less than 2 wt% free It is a mass. Examples of other components include, but are not particularly limited, and for example, borosilicate glass, other from glass _B 2 _O 3, such as a crystallized _{glass, Li 2 O 3, TiO 2} , etc. ZrO _2, colored Examples include glass-derived Fe ₂ O ₃ and CoO.

Further, the shape of the vitreous foam fired body according to the fertilizer of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the plant is in the soil or on the surface of the ground near the root of the plant in soil cultivation, or in hydroculture. It suffices if it can be placed in the vicinity of the roots or at least in a position in contact with either of the water supply paths to the roots of the plant and sufficiently in contact with water. It is desirable that the body has a bulk density of 0.3 to 0.6 g / cm ³ and a water absorption rate of 30 to 35%. If the bulk density is within such a range, it is lightweight, does not burden the roots of the plant, has good retention to the roots, and the water absorption rate is within this range, so that water is more efficiently used. It is possible to stably bring about the elution of a predetermined metasilicate ion (SiO ₃ ^{2-) in a good amount in contact with.} The average particle size is not particularly limited, but for example, an average particle size of about 10 to 60 mm is preferably used.

In this specification, the bulk density is measured by the Archimedes method. As for the water absorption rate, first, the weight W ₀ of the sample to be measured in a dry state is measured, then the sample is held in a state of being submerged in water for 5 minutes, taken out, and then the surface is wiped with a damp cloth. The weight W ₁ was measured and calculated from the formula _{(W 1} − W ₀ ) / W _{0 × 100.} Further, the average particle size is a value calculated from the measurement result of the specific surface area by the air permeation method according to JIS M-8511.

The method for producing the vitreous foam used as the fertilizer of the present invention is not particularly limited, but can be produced, for example, as follows.

The raw materials for glass are various types of waste glass. For example, discarded glass bottles, flat glass, windowpanes, front glass panels for televisions and personal computers, scrap from glassware factories, and so on. When viewed as vitreous, these waste materials include soda lime glass, borosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, crystalline glass, etc. Among such waste glass, soda lime glass was used. , Glass bottles, flat glass, and window glass waste materials are the main ones, are easy to recover, and are advantageous because they can be used in large quantities.

It is obtained by crushing such waste glass, adding a foaming agent to it, and firing it at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the glass, preferably 880 ° C. As the foaming agent, silicon carbide (SiC), calcium carbonate (CaCO ₃ ), aluminum nitride (AlN), Al ash and the like can be used, but among them, SiC is preferable, and the addition amount thereof is 0. It is appropriate to set it to about 1 to 3% by weight.

More specifically, the production method will be described with a preferred example. First, the waste glass raw material can be crushed using a commercially available glass crusher, for example, an impact type crusher such as a hammer mill, and the crushed product can be sieved. The raw material is a blended glass powder of 96% or more of coarsely pulverized glass powder having a particle size distribution of 0.21 mm or more and 2.38 mm or less and 4% or less of fine crushed glass powder having a particle size distribution of less than 0.21 mm. The breakdown of the particle size distribution of the coarsely pulverized glass powder can be variously changed, but it is preferable to use an average particle size of about 0.5 mm or more.

Coarse grains having a particle size of more than 2.38 mm of the coarsely crushed glass powder are crushed again and used by sieving into coarsely crushed glass powder and finely crushed glass powder within the above particle size distribution range. The reason why the upper limit of the particle size distribution of the coarsely pulverized glass powder is 2.38 mm is that if a particle size exceeding 2.38 mm is used as a raw material, it easily remains in the product as it is and is uniform. This is because a foamed structure cannot be obtained.

As described above, since the coarsely pulverized glass powder having a size of 0.21 mm or more occupies most of the compounded glass powder, it is possible to obtain the pulverized raw material at low cost by using a relatively inexpensive pulverizer capable of coarsely pulverizing the glass waste material. It is not necessary to use an expensive pulverizer such as a ball mill or a Reynolds mill that pulverizes everything to 0.2 mm or less.

In addition, from the waste glass raw material, remove as much as possible the ceramic pieces, porcelain pieces, metal, soil, sand, gravel and other inorganic incombustibles and plastics, paper, wood pieces and other debris mixed in these pieces. However, as long as it does not interfere with the production of the vitreous foam according to the fertilizer of the present invention, it does not matter if it is mixed as long as it is in an extremely small amount.

As described above, the vitreous compounding powder in which a small amount of finely pulverized glass powder is mixed with the coarsely pulverized glass powder is prepared, for example, without mixing the finely pulverized glass powder having a particle size of less than 0.21 mm at all. When only coarsely crushed glass powder having a particle size distribution of 2 mm or less is used as a raw material and fired by heating, the voids formed by being surrounded by coarse particles that come into contact with each other at room temperature before heating have poor sintering properties. At a sintering temperature of 500 to 600 ° C., the coarse particles are not sufficiently sintered with each other, so that they do not form closed holes, and the gas generated from the coarse particles escapes to the outside during this period. After that, at a sintering temperature of 700 ° C., the coarse particles are finally sufficiently sintered, the voids are closed, and independent pores are formed, but the size thereof is extremely small. Further, when the temperature is raised by firing at 700 ° C. or higher, since the amount of gas in the independent pores is already small, the pores do not become large and remain small, and large independent pores cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when heating and firing is performed with finely crushed glass powder of 0.2 mm or less interposed between coarse particle glass powders of about 2 mm, at room temperature before heating, fine particles are interposed between the coarse particles. Since the relatively large voids formed are easy to sinter fine particles at a sintering temperature of 500 to 600 ° C., each coarse particle in contact with the fine particles can be used even at this low sintering temperature of 500 to 600 ° C. Sintering with each other, the voids are closed, creating a surrounding wall and creating large independent pores within which the gas generated from these particles is trapped. Further softening sintering proceeds at a higher temperature of 700 ° C., and the coarse particles are fused to form a good fusion wall surrounding the independent pores, whereby the independent pores are encapsulated and the large diameter is maintained. do. When the temperature is further raised to 700 ° C. or higher, the gas in the independent pores expands, and therefore the independent pores expand, resulting in an extremely lightweight foam glass body having low water absorption.

To the vitreous mixed powder blended as described above, 0.1 to 3% by weight of silicon carbide was added thereto to prepare a mixed powder, which was above the softening point of the glass and the above firing temperature was 500. By heating to ℃ or higher, raising the temperature as described above, firing and raising the temperature to at least 700 ℃ or higher, and then cooling by quenching or slow cooling, innumerable large closed cells covered with a tough vitreous wall can be created. A vitreous foam having a bulk specific gravity of 0.3 to 0.6 g / cm ³ , particularly 0.4 to 0.5 g / cm ³ , and a water absorption rate of 30 to 35% can be obtained. Silicon carbide is usually produced from silica sand mainly composed of coke and silicon oxide, but the silicon carbide used for this purpose does not necessarily have to be sufficiently refined. For example, it may have a purity of about 85%, or it may be recovered as a fine powder by a bag filter or the like during production. The reason for limiting the addition amount of silicon carbide to 0.1 to 3% by weight based on the compounded glass powder is that when the addition amount is less than 0.1% by weight, the bulk specific gravity is 0.3 to 0.6 g / cm. It becomes difficult to make a product with sufficient lightweight characteristics as ^3. On the other hand, even if the addition amount exceeds 3% by weight, a product having sufficient lightweight characteristics can be produced, but the unit price of the product becomes expensive, which is not preferable. Further, the compounded glass powder and the softening point of the glass are heated and fired above the softening point, and the softening point differs depending on the type of each glass raw material. In the case of soda-lime glass, the temperature is generally 750 ° C. or higher, and a particularly preferable temperature range is the range of 840 to 980 ° C. For example, the time required to raise the temperature to 900 ° C. depends on the thickness of the object layer to be treated, but it is preferably about 10 minutes if the thickness is 10 mm and about 20 minutes if the thickness is 20 mm. As for the high temperature holding time after reaching the maximum temperature, if the maximum temperature is low, the holding time is long, and conversely, if the maximum temperature is high, the holding time is short. For example, its retention time is generally in the range of 30-0 minutes. Here, 0 minutes means cooling immediately after reaching the maximum temperature. A long holding time of 30 minutes or more is not preferable from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost. If the compounded glass powder contains a large amount of water, the temperature should be raised after the water is completely evaporated at around 200 ° C.

The above-mentioned compounded glass powder can be made into a plate-shaped molded product such as bricks and wall materials by placing it in a predetermined molding mold, heating and firing it, and then slowly cooling it. However, if it is rapidly cooled, it becomes a plate-shaped molded product. It is obtained as innumerable granules having cracks and broken into irregular lumps, for example, an amorphous lumpy vitreous foam having a particle size of 10 to 60 mm. In addition, in the case of making a molded product having a certain shape, for example, a brick, a plate shape, or any other shape, for example, after the above-mentioned high temperature holding time, it is gradually cooled to 200 ° C. In this case, the cooling rate is preferably as slow as possible, and most preferably about 2 ° C./min.
The manufacturing method can be either a batch method or a continuous method.

(Production method of cultivated plants)
The method for producing a cultivated plant of the present invention is characterized in that a fertilizer containing a vitreous foam fired body as described above is placed in the vicinity of the root of the plant in soil cultivation or hydroponic cultivation of a monocotyledonous plant. It is something to do.

The target monocotyledonous plant is not particularly limited. Specifically, for example, rice (Oryza sativa), corn (Zea mays), millet (Hordeum vulgare), wheat (Triticum aestivum), lime tree (Secale cereale), pearl barley (Coix lacryma-jobi var. Ma-yuen), Bamboo (Phyllostachys), Saccharum officinarum, Awa (Setaria italica), Echinochloa esculenta, Great Millet (Sorghum bicolor), Napiergrass (Pennisetum pupureum), Erianthus Miscanus (Suki) Gramineae such as virgatum, Sorghum, Panicum, Avena fatua; Gramineae such as Tulipa, Lilium; Elaeis guineensis, Elaeis oleifera, Cocos Examples include, but are not limited to, grasses such as nucifera), nuts (Phoenix dactylifera), and copernicia. Of these, it is particularly preferable because it can be expected to have an excellent effect on plants of the Gramineae family.

The method, timing and amount of fertilizer application of the vitreous foam fired body to monocotyledonous plants are not particularly limited. It suffices as long as the eluate from the vitreous foam fired body, especially the metasilicate ion, can be reliably transferred to the water absorbed by the roots of the target plant, and in the case of soil cultivation, it is in the soil or on the ground surface. It can be placed at the site, or in hydroponic cultivation, at a position near the root of the plant or at least in contact with the water supply route to the root of the plant. Further, in the cultivation of plants, the vitreous foamed calcined body can be used as a base fertilizer or as a top fertilizer. In any case, it is preferable to allow the vitreous foam fired body to be present during the growth period of the plant, for example, in the case of paddy field cultivation of rice, during the period including the division period. Further, the amount used is not particularly limited because it depends on the target plant species, cultivation method, etc., but typically, for example, ^{about 2 to 3} kg is supplied per 1 m 2 of the cultivation area. Therefore, a good yield increasing effect can be expected.

For example, in paddy field cultivation, when the fertilizer according to the present invention is applied to the soil, the concentration _{of metasilicate ion (SiO 3} ^{2-) in the paddy field water is typically significant in about 3 days.} Changes have occurred, and it seems that the same thing is happening in the case of soil cultivation.

Furthermore, in the growth of plants, especially monocotyledonous plants and grasses, the _{concentration of metasilicate ions (SiO 3} ^2- ) in the water given to the roots of the plants is controlled to be maintained above a predetermined amount. Therefore, it is possible to promote the growth of plants and increase the yield of seeds or fruits.

For the optimal concentration of metasilicate ions (SiO 3 ^_2-), it can not be defined indiscriminately since seems somewhat varies depending on the type of plant, the plant of interest, changing the water metasilicate ion concentration It seems that it can be determined relatively easily by cultivating in some test plots, but typically, for example, in paddy field hydroponic cultivation of rice, the concentration _{of metasilicate ion (SiO 3} ^{2-) in water.} In soil cultivation of wheat, the _{concentration of metasilicic acid ion (SiO 3} ² ) in water is 20 to 25 mg / L, and in soil cultivation of corn wheat, metasilicic acid in water. A large increase in yield can be expected by taking measures such as increasing the ion (SiO ₃ ^{2-) concentration to 20 to 25 mg / L.}

Further, the period for maintaining such a metasilicate ion (SiO ₃ ^2- ) concentration at a predetermined amount or more is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the growth period of each plant, but at least 60 days or more. It is desirable to provide a continuous period of.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on specific examples. The examples shown below are disclosed only for the purpose of facilitating the understanding of the contents of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the contents of these examples. No.

Synthesis example A waste glass raw material mainly composed of waste bins is thoroughly washed and dried, then crushed using a hammer mill, and the crushed material is sieved to obtain a particle size distribution of 0.21 mm or more and 2.38 mm or less. The raw materials were 96% by mass of the coarsely pulverized glass powder having and 4% by mass or less of the finely pulverized glass powder having a particle size distribution of less than 0.21 mm. A mixed powder was prepared by adding 3% by mass of silicon carbide to this compounded glass powder and mixing them. The mixed powder was heated to 880 ° C. and cooled to room temperature in the air to obtain an amorphous massive vitreous foam sintered body having a particle size of 10 to 60 mm.
The bulk specific gravity of this product is 0.3 g / cm ³ , the water absorption rate is 30%, and the composition is SiO ₂ 73.5% by mass, CaO 12.1% by mass, Na ₂ O 10.5% by mass, K ₂ O 0. .98 wt%, MgO 0.42 _{wt%, Al} 2 O 3 1.57 wt%, C 0.4 wt%, was 0.53% by mass balance.

Example 1
About 1,620 g of commercially available black clay by dry weight was placed in a pot having no hole in the bottom, and 180 g of the vitreous foam sintered body obtained in the above synthetic example was uniformly sprinkled on the bottom of the pot. Then, city water was used as irrigation water, and water was added so that the water depth was about 5 cm to make an example area for paddy fields. After supplying the vitreous foam sintered body to the soil, Koshihikari seedlings were planted and rice was grown according to a normal paddy field cultivation method. During the cultivation period, the pot water was replenished with the same city water as appropriate to maintain almost the same water depth.

When the ear of rice matures 180 days after planting rice, cultivation is finished, the degree of maturity of rice is observed, the amount of individual plant is measured, the yield of brown rice is measured, and silicon in the plant is measured. The concentration was measured. The silicon concentration in the plant was measured by the nitric acid decomposition gravimetric method. The obtained results are shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, respectively.

In addition, the ion concentration in the paddy field water of the example plot was measured 60 days after the start of cultivation in both the pots without seedlings and the pots with seedlings. The measurement after 60 days was performed after 7 days had passed from the replenishment of water immediately before the water supply to the embodiment. For pots without seedlings, the water in the pots was replenished in the same cycle as the pots with seedlings. Of the measured ion concentrations, indicating the _SO ^{3 2-ion} concentration is shown in FIG.

Furthermore, rice seedlings raised for 14 days were collected, and the degree of Lsi transcript expression in the individual was examined by the RT-PCR method using a rice Lsi gene-specific primer. The primer sequence is FW: 5'-GAGAACAAACTCCAGGCGA-3', RV: 5'-CGAGCGTGACGAACATCATG-3'. The obtained results are shown in FIG. This measurement was performed by a procedure called ethidium bromide staining.

Comparative Example 1
For comparison, Koshihikari was cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the vitreous foam sintered body was not mixed with the soil and an equal amount of soil was supplemented, and the cultivation was completed in the same period as in Example 1. The appearance of the maturity of rice was observed, the amount of individual plants was measured, the yield of brown rice was measured, and the silicon concentration in the plants was measured, and the difference from Example 1 was observed. The obtained results are shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, respectively.

In addition, the ion concentration in the paddy field water was measured 60 days after the start of cultivation in both the pots without seedlings and the pots with seedlings, as in the example plot. The measurement after 60 days was performed 7 days after the replenishment of water to the comparative example group immediately before. As in the case of the above-mentioned embodiment, the water in the pot was replenished in the same cycle as the pot in which the seedling was planted, even in the pot in which the seedling was not planted. Of the measured ion concentrations, indicating the _SO ^{3 2-ion} concentration is shown in FIG.

Furthermore, rice seedlings raised for 14 days were collected, and the degree of Lsi protein expression in the individual was examined by the RT-PCR method. The obtained results are shown in FIG.

(Experimental result)
As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, the growth of cultivated rice was clearly better in Example 1 with leaves, rice ears, etc., and the plant mass increased significantly as shown in FIG. In particular, as shown in FIG. 4, the yield of brown rice was increased by 208% with respect to the comparative example.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, the silicon concentration in the plant body is not so different from that in Comparative Example 1 even in Example 1, and conversely, it is slightly lower in the plant body. The results showed that the degree of silicon accumulation in the soil was not directly linked to the increase in brown rice yield and the improvement in plant growth.

_{Here, as shown in FIG. 6, looking at the SiO 3} ^2- ion concentration in the paddy water during the rice cultivation period, the metasilicate ion (SiO ₃ ^2- ) concentration in the water is related to that in which seedlings are not planted. Although the concentration in the implementation group was slightly higher than that in the comparative control group and there was not much difference, the concentration of the planted seedlings was significantly lower in the comparative control group during the vegetative period. Observed. Furthermore, at that time, as shown in FIG. 7, in the comparative example, it was also observed that the expression of the Lsi gene was promoted in rice, whereas the seedlings were not planted in the implementation group where the seedlings were planted. Although the concentration was slightly lower than that in the implementation group, the concentration did not change so much, and it was observed that the expression of the Lsi gene was also suppressed in rice as shown in FIG. 7. For this reason, in the Example group, SiO ₃ ^2- ions as silicon content continue to be stably supplied to the water from the vitreous foam throughout the cultivation period of rice, and rice is SiO ₃ ^{2- in water.} It was considered that the ion was taken into the body, which promoted the growth, increased the amount of photosynthesis, and as a result, the yield of seeds or fruits was greatly improved. On the other hand, in the comparative example group, the supply of the same ions from the soil cannot keep up with the amount of _{SiO 3} ^2- ions that the rice takes into the body from the water throughout the cultivation period of the rice, and it is close to a deficiency state in the latter stage of cultivation. Therefore, it was considered that there was no further improvement in growth.

Example 2 and Comparative Example 2
Rice was cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 except that the cultivar of rice to be cultivated was changed from Koshihikari to Hitomebore, and the yield of brown rice of each obtained individual was measured. The obtained results are shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, even if the rice varieties are changed, the yield is higher than that of Comparative Example 2 in Example 2 according to the present invention, as in the case of the comparison results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. Was done.

Example 3 and Comparative Example 3
About 1,620 g of commercially available black clay was put into a pot having a hole in the bottom by a dry weight, and 180 g of the vitreous foam sintered body obtained in the above synthetic example was uniformly sprinkled on the bottom of the pot. After supplying the vitreous foam sintered body to the soil, about 500 ml of city water was supplied every 7 days. Of the water supplied, the amount of water that was not retained in the soil was drained from the bottom of the pot in about 1 minute.
After arranging the vitreous foam sintered body, wheat seedlings were planted, and then wheat was cultivated for 90 days while being watered in the above cycle (Example 3). After the cultivation period was completed, the growth degree of wheat was observed. The obtained results are shown in FIG.
On the other hand, for comparison, wheat was cultivated in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the vitreous foam sintered body was not mixed with the soil and an equal amount of soil was supplemented, and the wheat was cultivated in the same period as in Example 3. Finished (Comparative Example 3). After the cultivation period was completed, the growth degree of wheat was observed. The obtained results are shown in FIG.

As is clear from the results shown in FIG. 8, in Example 3 in which the vitreous foam sintered body according to the present invention was placed in the soil, the growth rate of wheat was significantly promoted as compared with Comparative Example 3. Was seen.

Example 4 and Comparative Example 4
About 1,620 g of commercially available black clay was put into a pot having a hole in the bottom by a dry weight, and 180 g of the vitreous foam sintered body obtained in the above synthetic example was uniformly sprinkled on the bottom of the pot. After supplying the vitreous foam sintered body to the soil, about 500 ml of city water was supplied every 7 days. Of the water supplied, the amount of water that was not retained in the soil was drained from the bottom of the pot in about 1 minute.
After arranging the vitreous foam sintered body, corn seedlings were planted, and then corn was cultivated for 90 days while watering in the above cycle (Example 3). After the cultivation period was over, the appearance of the growth of corn was observed. The obtained results are shown in FIG.
On the other hand, for comparison, corn was cultivated in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the vitreous foam sintered body was not mixed with the soil and an equal amount of soil was supplemented, and the corn was cultivated in the same period as in Example 4. Finished (Comparative Example 4). After the cultivation period was over, the appearance of the growth of corn was observed. The obtained results are shown in FIG.

As is clear from the results shown in FIG. 9, in Example 4 in which the vitreous foam sintered body according to the present invention was placed in the soil, the degree of growth of corn was significantly promoted as compared with Comparative Example 4. Was seen.

Claims (8)

A fertilizer containing a vitreous foamed calcined product having a bulk density of 0.3 to 0.6 g / cm ³ and a water absorption rate of 30 to 35%. The fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the vitreous foamed fired body _{contains SiO 2} in an amount of 65.0% by mass or more _{and exhibits metasilicate ion (SiO 3} ^2- ) elution with water. The vitreous foamed fired body contains at least one foaming agent selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide, calcium carbonate, aluminum nitride, and Al ash as a waste glass crushing raw material at 0.1 to 3 of the entire raw material. The fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2 , which is obtained by blending and firing in% by weight. The glassy foam fired body, the SiO ₂ 65.0-75.0 wt%, 7.0 to 15.0 wt% of CaO, the _Na 2 O 10.0-16.0 _{wt%, K} 2 O the 0 to 3.5 mass%, the MgO 0 to 4.5 wt%, the _Al 2 _{O 3} 0 to 2.5 mass%, C 0-2 mass%, the other components is less than 3 wt% Dressings containing fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-3. In soil culture or hydroponics in plants, the method of producing plants, which comprises placing a fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-4 in the vicinity of the roots of the plant. The method for producing a plant according to claim 5 , wherein the plant is a gramineous plant. In the case of soil cultivation of plants, a fertilizer containing a vitreous foamed fired body having a bulk density of 0.3 to 0.6 g / cm ³ and a water absorption rate of 30 to 35% is placed in the soil or on the ground surface. Further, in the case of hydroponic cultivation of a plant, the plant is placed near the root of the plant or at least in contact with the water supply path to the root of the plant. growth promotion method of plant, which comprises adjusting the metasilicate ion _(SiO ^{3 2-)} concentration at. The plant growth promoting method of the plant according to claim 7 metasilicate ion _(SiO ^{3 2-)} concentration in the water is to maintain the 20-25 mg / L to be given to.

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