JP6971351B2 - Crop harvester - Google Patents

Description

The present invention is a crop harvester that pulls out a crop, cuts the base of the foliage, and discharges the foliage into a groove between the ridges. It relates to a technique for surely dropping the foliage part between the furrows without accumulating in the middle of the leaf.

Conventionally, using a walking type onion harvester, the onions cultivated in the ridges are dug up and pulled out, the foliage is sandwiched and the base of the foliage is cut while being transported upward, and the onions are ridged. Techniques are known for releasing upwards and allowing the foliage to be discharged into the groove between the ridges. Then, a technique of providing a guide plate (flowing leaf moving body) for guiding between the working part of the machine body and the wheels so that the foliage part discharged after cutting does not get caught or accumulated in the final case or the like has become known. (See, for example, Patent Document 1). Further, a technique of extending the axle of a drive wheel to the inside of the machine body, fixing a leaf-removing guide disk on the axle, and guiding the wheel to a ridge groove is also known (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-178232 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-73438

However, in the above technique, when the yield of onions is large, the volume of foliage is large, or when the leaves are moist, the leaves removed from the end of the transfer device naturally fall after being guided by the guide rod. There is a risk of stagnation in the middle of the guide plate, and if stagnation occurs, it will be necessary to manually drop the leaves, which will take time and effort. At that time, the left and right sides of the aircraft may rise by riding on the mass, and the digging accuracy may decrease. Further, in order to forcibly drop the foliage portion, a separate device for dropping the foliage is required, which complicates the structure and increases the cost.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is a guide device for forming a transport path for discharging foliage portions from the feed end of the transport device toward the drive wheels on the left and right sides of the machine in the crop harvester. The guide device is set above the center of rotation of the drive wheel to solve the above problem. As a result, the foliage portion after cutting can be reliably discharged to the field scene without providing a special device for releasing the leaves, so that the work accuracy and work efficiency are improved.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is as described above, and next, the means for solving this problem will be described.

That is, in claim 1, the left and right drive wheels traveling in the ridges, the transfer device that holds the foliage portion and pulls out the crop from the field, and the transfer device that sandwiches the foliage portion and separates the crop. In the harvester equipped with the cutting device, a guide device for forming a transport path for discharging the foliage portion from the feed end of the transfer device toward the drive wheels on the left and right sides of the machine is provided, and the guide device is used for the drive wheels. It is located above the center of rotation, and the terminal position of the guide device overlaps with the outer diameter of the drive wheel when viewed from the side .

In claim 2, it is the end position of the previous SL guide device in the horizontal direction obtained by extending the inner side surface of the drive wheel.

According to the present invention, the foliage portion after cutting is guided to the drive wheel and comes into contact with the outer periphery of the drive wheel, and the foliage portion is pulled into the field scene by the rotation of the drive wheel as the machine moves forward, and the foliage portion is discharged. It is possible to prevent it from staying in the middle of the leaves. The foliage drawn into the field will fall into the ridge, over which the drive wheels will pass, the foliage will be compressed and reduced in volume, avoiding interference with the transmission case and axles, and the operator. Does not get in the way when walking. Further, the foliage portion guided by the guide device is placed on the drive wheel, and can be efficiently transported to the ridge groove by the forward rotation of the drive wheel.

Side view of the crop harvester. Top view of the crop harvester. Front view of crop harvester. Side view of the transfer device. Side view of the guide device and drive wheels. Perspective view of guide device and drive wheel. Perspective view of the guide device mounting part.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. The crop harvester 1 describes an embodiment of an onion harvester that harvests onions as crops. In the following, the F direction in FIG. 1 will be the forward direction, and the left-right direction will be defined with respect to the traveling direction in the front direction.

As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 4, the agricultural product harvester 1 includes an engine 3 at the rear of the traveling machine 2, a mission case 4 having a transmission mechanism and a transmission interlocking with the output portion thereof, and a transmission case 4. Cylindrical transmission cases 5 and 5 extending from the mission case 4 to the left and right, and left and right axle drive cases 7 and 7 connected to the outside of each transmission case 5 and 5 in the left-right direction and extending forward and downward. Drive wheels 9 and 9 attached to the left and right axles 8 and 8 that support the front of each axle drive case 7 and 7, body frame 11 that supports the mission case 4 and extends forward, and left drive wheels. A gauge wheel 12 arranged in front of the vehicle body frame 11 so as to be able to move up and down, and a gauge wheel 12 extending rearward and upward from the vehicle body frame 11 and provided with a main clutch lever, a work lever, an accelerator lever, a side clutch lever, etc. It is composed of a steering wheel 13 and the like that are gripped and operated.

The axle drive cases 7 and 7 are configured to be rotatable with respect to the vehicle body frame 11 so as to be adjusted to the height of the ridges. That is, the axle drive case 7 is rotatably supported with respect to the transmission case 5, and a length adjusting means 15 (FIG. 5) composed of a screw shaft or the like is arranged between the vehicle body frame 11 and the axle drive case 7. The height of the traveling machine body 2 can be changed by changing the length between the vehicle body frame 11 and the axle drive case 7 by the length adjusting means 15. In this embodiment, the upper end of the length adjusting means 15 is attached to the vehicle body frame 11 via the rear cover 29, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 7. Further, the vehicle body frame 11 is provided so as to be offset to the left side in the traveling direction with respect to the left and right drive wheels 9.9, and the left and right drive wheels 9.9 run in the grooves on both sides of the ridge for four rows, and the left side 2 It is possible to harvest the crops of the row and to harvest the crop of the row in a round trip. However, it is also possible to have a configuration that is biased to the left and right. The right transmission case 5 and the right transmission shaft built therein have a structure that can be expanded and contracted so that the drive wheels 9 and 9 can adjust the vehicle width according to the ridge width.

A working unit 10 is formed on the front portion and the upper portion of the vehicle body frame 11. The working unit 10 is arranged at the front of the machine body with a vertical raising device 17/17/17 for raising the foliage portion 6a of the two onions 6 separately on the left and right, and at the rear of each vertical raising device 17. Place it at the rear of the lateral pulling device 18 and 18 for installing and scraping in the center of the left and right, and the lateral pulling device 18, holding the foliage portion 6a for two rows and transporting it backward and upward. A transfer device 20 for pulling out the onion 6 from the soil, and a pair of left and right vibrations that are arranged below the front end of the transfer device 20 and vibrate in the lower ridges of the ball portion 6b to soften and make it easier to pull out. It is composed of blades 23 and 23 and a pair of left and right belts that are stretched from below the substantially middle portion of the transfer device 20 to the rear at a gentle inclination angle from the transfer device 20, and holds the base of the foliage portion 6a of the onion 6. A ball portion transport device 24 that aligns while transporting to the rear of the machine body, and a foliage cutting device 25 that is arranged above the ball portion transport device 24 and below the transfer device 20 to cut and separate the ball portion 6b and the foliage portion 6a. The foliage discharge device 26, which is arranged at the rear end of the transfer device 20 and discharges the foliage portion 6a after cutting to the side, and the onion portion 6b, which is arranged behind the ball portion transfer device 24, is ridged. It is equipped with an onion discharge device 27 for discharging to. In FIG. 3, the vertical raising device 17 on the left side is not shown.

Further, the output shaft 4a protrudes forward from the front upper portion of the mission case 4, and power is transmitted from the output shaft 4a to the drive shaft in the power transmission case 14 laid horizontally in the left-right direction to transfer the transfer device 20 and the ball portion. While driving the device 24 and the like, eccentric shafts 40 are provided at the left and right ends of the drive shaft, and via swing rods 41 and 41 extending forward from the eccentric shaft 40 on both lateral outer sides of the working portion 10. It is connected to the upper end of the vibration blade 23 so that the left and right vibration blades 23 and 23 can be oscillated back and forth. The plate of the vibrating blade 23 is bent into an L shape when viewed from the front, the upper and lower middle portions are swingably supported by the vehicle body frame 11, and the horizontal portion of the lower part of the vibrating blade 23 is inserted below the onion 6 in the ridge. By vibrating the vibrating blade 23 while traveling forward, the soil below the planted onion 6 is softened, and the onion 6 is raised so that it can be easily pulled out by the transfer device 20.

The transfer device 20 winds a pull-out belt 21 between a drive pulley and a driven pulley fixed on a pair of left and right pull-out transport drive shafts, and rotates and drives the left and right pull-out belts 21 and 21 in a predetermined direction. The foliage portion 6a of the stalk and leaf portion 6a is sandwiched by the left and right drawing belts 21 and 21 and transferred upward and backward. The ball portion transport device 24 is arranged below the middle portion of the transfer device 20 in the transport direction, the ball portion transport device 24 has shoulder alignment belts on the left and right, and the ball portion 6b of the ball onion 6 is horizontally rearward and the foliage portion 6a. By transporting diagonally upward and backward, the heights of the ball portions 6b are aligned, and the foliage cutting device 25 arranged above the ball portion transporting device 24 during transportation allows the foliage portion 6a of a predetermined length to be transferred from the ball portion 6b. It is designed so that it can be cut by leaving it. A harvest release device 27 is provided below the rear end of the ball transfer device 24, and the onions 6 inherited from the ball transfer device 24 are released so as to lie on the ridges so that the roots can be dried. Further, after that, the work of bundling several onions 6 and binding the foliage portion 6a becomes easy.

The ball guide plates 64 and 64 are vertically installed downward from the vehicle body frames 11 on both the left and right sides of the ball transport device 24, and the ball guide plates 64 are long in the front-rear direction and are harvested from the front lower part of the ball transport device 24. It extends to the rear end of the discharge device 27, the lower end of the ball guide plate 64 is arranged close to the upper surface of the ridge, and when the cut ball onion 6 is discharged onto the ridge, it rolls and falls into the ridge groove. It guides people not to do so and prevents them from being trampled and damaged by workers walking in the ridges or getting in the way of walking.

Further, the foliage discharge device 26 disposed at the rear of the transfer device 20 is composed of a star foil 61 and a guide rod 62, and is arranged only on the side where the foliage portion 6a after cutting is released (left side in the present embodiment). NS. That is, the star foil 61 is fixed on the drive shaft of the transfer device 20 on the left side, and is attached to the lower part of the rear drive pulley around which the drawing belt 21 is wound. The guide rod 62 is arranged along the outer circumference of the star foil 61 by bending the rod material into a semicircle, and one end of the guide rod 62 is fixed to the belt case or the vehicle body frame 11 on the opposite side (right side) to the discharge side. The other end is open to the outside of the rear part of the transfer device 20 on the left side. In this way, the substantially semicircular transport formed between the star foil 61 and the guide rods 62 and 62 when the foliage portion 6a after cutting reaches the position at the end of the transport path at the rear, which is held by the left and right pull-out belts 21 and 21. The foliage portion 6a is inherited in the path, and the foliage portion 6a is discharged to the left outer side of the rear end portion of the left pull-out belt 21 by the rotation of the star foil 61.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 and 5 to 7, the front cover 28 and the rear cover 29 are covered from the lower side to the outer side of the left pull-out belt 21 so as to cover the side of the traveling machine body 2 with a plate body. And the guide device 30 are arranged. The front cover 28 is configured to cover the sides of the ball transfer device 24 and the foliage cutting device 25 on the lower side of the ball transfer device 24, and the upper end of the front cover 28 is fixed to the lower part of the transfer frame supporting the drawing belt 21. It has been extended downward.

The front part of the rear cover 29 is located below the rear part of the front cover 28, the rear part of the rear cover 29 is located above the rear part of the axle drive case 7, and the rear cover 29 is configured to cover the upper part of the axle drive case 7. It is attached.

The guide device 30 is arranged above the front cover 28 and the rear cover 29, and extends from the transfer end position of the transfer device 20 to the upper and inner portions of the drive wheels 9 on the side (left side) in the discharge direction. It is configured to cover between the pull-out belt 21 and the drive wheel 9. In this way, the guide device 30 guides the foliage portion 6a from the foliage discharge device 26 to the front and upper part of the drive wheel 9. Then, the soil and debris of the foliage portion spilled from the guide device 30 are prevented from entering the ball portion transport device 24 and the foliage cutting device 25 by the front cover 28 and the rear cover 29, or being entangled with the axle drive case 7. ing.

The guide device 30 extends from the outside (left side) of the foliage discharge device 26 at the rear of the transfer device 20 to the upper part in front of the front end of the axle drive case 7 on the side of the ball portion transport device 24 by descending forward. .. The guide device 30 is made of an elastic body such as rubber and is formed of a substantially square plate, and a notch 30a is formed on the right side of the rear portion to form a starting end portion, and a corner portion on the lower front left portion serves as a terminal position 30b.

The notch 30a is arranged so as to fit into the side portion of the lower cover 34 below the rear portion of the transfer device 20. The lower cover 34 is erected between the front parts of the left and right steering handles 13 to cover the upper part of the engine 3 and the mission case 4, and is located below the rear part of the transfer device 20 so that dirt, leaf chips, dust, etc. can be collected from the engine. It is designed so that it does not touch 3, the mission case 4, or the power transmission system. Thus, the notch 30a on the rear inner side (right side) of the guide device 30 is located below the foliage discharge device 26, and the rear outer side (left side) of the guide device 30 is lower than the lower cover 34 on the rear side of the transfer device 20. Can be arranged so as to be. Therefore, the foliage portion 6a transported laterally from the rear portion of the transfer device 20 by the foliage release device 26 is placed on the rear portion of the guide device 30 without being caught by the guide device 30.

The guide device 30 is fixed in the vicinity of the notch 30a in the rear portion and in the vicinity of the terminal position 30b on the outside (left side) of the front portion, and the front left and right center side (right side) of the guide device 30 is in the middle of the swing rod 41 in the front-rear direction. It is placed and arranged on the portion, and the right end of the front portion extends below the transfer device 20. In this way, at the same time as the vibration blade 23 is vibrated, the front right side of the guide device 30 mounted on the swing rod 41 is swung to give vibration, and when the foliage portion 6a discharged is mounted on the guide device 30, the front left It slides down due to the downward slope, and the movement to the lower front left is promoted by the vibration.

The vicinity of the notch 30a at the rear of the guide device 30 is fixed to the traveling machine body 2 by a bolt or the like, and in the present embodiment, it is fixed to the upper surface of the cover 42 covering the eccentric shaft 40 arranged at the left end of the power transmission case 14. .. Further, the front left side of the guide device 30 is attached to a support member fixed to the front portion of the axle drive case 7 as shown in FIG. 7 in which the guide device 30 and the drive wheel 9 are removed. The support member is composed of a support stay 31, a support rod 32, and a vertical adjustment plate 33. The support rod 32 is formed by bending a rod in an inverted U shape, and the support rod 32 is vertically and vertically adjusted to the front and lower portions and the rear lower portion. The adjustment plates 33a and 33b are fixed. The support stay 31 is fixed to the front lowering portion of the upper part of the support rod 32. A fixing hole is appropriately opened in the support stay 31 so that the guide device 30 can be fixed with a screw or the like.

The vertical adjustment plate 33a fixed to the front lower portion of the support rod 32 is fixed to the front end of the axle drive case 7, and the vertical adjustment plate 33b fixed to the rear lower portion of the support rod 32 is fixed to the front upper portion of the axle drive case 7. .. Long holes 32c and 33d, which are long in the vertical direction, are opened in the vertical adjustment plates 33a and 33b, respectively, and bolts are inserted through the long holes 32c and 33d so that they can be fixed to the axle drive case 7 in an adjustable position. In this way, the height of the front outer end of the guide device 30 can be changed. By this vertical adjustment means, when the vehicle height is changed according to the height of the ridge during the work of the crop harvester 1, even if the front end of the axle drive case 7 rotates up and down, the foliage discharge device 26 of the guide device 30 The height of the front part of the guide device 30 is also changed so that the vertical position does not change. By changing the height of the guide device 30 when the vehicle height is changed, it is possible to prevent the foliage portion 6a discharged from staying while keeping the inclination of the terminal position 30b of the guide device 30 substantially constant.

The height of the rear end of the guide device 30 is lower than that of the rear end of the transfer device 20 and higher than that of the upper end of the drive wheel 9. As shown in FIG. 5, the terminal position 30b at the front end of the guide device 30 is located near the outer diameter position (near the outer circumference) of the drive wheel 9 in the side view, and is located in front of and above the center of the axle of the drive wheel 9. In other words, the terminal position 30b of the guide device 30 is extended so as to be in the tangential direction of the outer periphery of the front upper portion of the drive wheel 9.

The terminal position 30b of the guide device 30 is arranged so as to be near the inner side surface of the drive wheel 9 in the left-right direction. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the left end of the guide device 30 is positioned substantially the same as the left end surface of the left axle drive case 7. In other words, the left end of the guide device 30 is arranged so close to the inner surface of the left drive wheel 9 so that a predetermined gap is formed. This gap is such that the foliage portion 6a does not fall from this gap.

Further, a lug 9a is provided on the outer periphery of the drive wheel 9, which enhances the grip force during traveling to prevent slippage and enhances the traveling performance, and also provides the foliage portion 6a that has fallen to the upper part of the drive wheel 9. It is dropped forward by the forward rotation of the drive wheel 9 accompanying the forward movement of the crop harvester 1. That is, lugs 9a, 9a ... In which protrusions having a predetermined height are formed at predetermined intervals are formed on the outer periphery of the drive wheel 9, and the foliage portion 6a mounted on the guide device 30 from the foliage release device 26 during the harvesting operation. Is placed on the drive wheel 9 in the vicinity of the terminal position 30b, and the lug 9a formed on the outer circumference acts as a forward feed action due to the forward rotation of the drive wheel 9, and the foliage portion 6a falls into the ridge without staying. It will be like.

As described above, the left and right drive wheels 9.9 running in the ridge, the transfer device 20 that sandwiches the foliage portion 6a and pulls out the crop from the field, and the transfer device 20 sandwiches the foliage portion 6a. In the crop harvester 1 provided with the cutting device 25 for separating crops, a guide device 30 is provided to form a transport path for discharging the foliage portion 6a from the feed end of the transfer device 20 toward the drive wheels 9 on the left and right sides of the machine. Since the terminal position 30b of the guide device 30 is located near the inner surface of the drive wheel 9 in the left-right direction, the foliage portion 6a after cutting is guided to the drive wheel 9 and comes into contact with the outer periphery of the drive wheel 9 to advance the aircraft. Due to the accompanying rotation of the drive wheel 9, the foliage portion 6a is pulled into the field scene, and the foliage portion 6a can be prevented from staying in the middle of leaf removal. Therefore, the foliage portion 6a does not become a lump and fall into the ridge groove, and the drive wheel 9 does not ride on the lump and the machine body tilts, and the harvesting accuracy does not deteriorate. Then, the foliage portion 6a that has fallen into the ridge is compressed by being stepped on by the drive wheel 9 passing over the ridge and leaf portion 6a, and the volume is reduced. Will be. Since the volume of the foliage portion 6a is reduced even when the worker walks, it does not get in the way.

Further, since the terminal position 30b of the guide device 30 is located at the outer diameter position of the drive wheel 9 in the side view and above the rotation center of the drive wheel 9, the foliage portion 6a discharged from the foliage discharge device 26 is It is necessary to provide a device for forcibly transporting the guide device 30 from the foliage discharge device 26 because the guide device 30 is drawn onto the drive wheel 9 or guided from the terminal position 30b and is drawn into the field and falls into the ridge groove. Instead, the drive wheel 9 provided in the crop harvester 1 transports the foliage, so that the foliage can be efficiently transported.

Further, at least the drive wheel 9 on the side where the guide device 30 is provided has a lug 9a on the outer periphery thereof, so that the lug 9a has an action of pulling the foliage portion 6a into the furrow, and the lug 9a has a function of pulling the foliage portion 6a into the furrow. Even in the case of work or the like, the foliage portion 6a can be reliably transported to the ridge groove without stagnation. Further, even when traveling in the ridge groove after the foliage portion 6a has fallen, there is a risk of slipping without a lug, but since the lug 9a is provided on the outer periphery of the drive wheel 9, the grip force is enhanced and it is reliable. You can drive to. Further, the foliage portion 6a that has fallen into the ridge groove is crushed by the lug 9a having a high surface pressure, and the volume can be easily reduced.

Further, the terminal side of the guide device 30 is supported by a support member composed of a support rod 32 and a vertical adjustment plate 33, and the support rod 32 is supported by the axle drive case 7 via the vertical adjustment means. The end of 30 is adjustable in height with respect to the drive wheel 9, and when the height of the machine is changed according to the height of the ridge, the end position of the guide device 30 is adjusted to make the optimum inclination smooth. The foliage portion 6a can be guided downward.

6 onions 6a foliage 9 drive wheels 9a lugs 20 transfer device 25 cutting device 30 guide device 30b end position

Claims (2)

A harvester equipped with left and right drive wheels running in the ridges, a transfer device that holds the foliage and pulls out the crop from the field, and a cutting device that separates the crop while holding the foliage with the transfer device. In
A guide device is provided to form a transport path for discharging the foliage from the feed end of the transfer device toward the drive wheels on the left and right sides of the machine.
The guide device is located above the center of rotation of the drive wheel .
A crop harvester characterized in that the terminal position of the guide device overlaps with the outer diameter of the drive wheel in a side view. The crop harvester according to claim 1 , wherein the terminal position of the guide device is extended to the inner side surface of the drive wheel in the left-right direction.

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