JP6973798B2 - マイクロ波エネルギーを送達するための電気外科プローブ - Google Patents
マイクロ波エネルギーを送達するための電気外科プローブ Download PDFInfo
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Description
誘電先端部の効果は、マイクロ波エネルギーの波長を減少させることであり、これにより、小さい幾何学的形状の制約に基づいて、より良好なインピーダンス整合及び結果としての焼灼プロファイルの制御が可能になる。例えば、同軸ケーブル及び放射先端部の外径は、1.9mm以下、好ましくは1.5mm以下とすることができる。このサイズにより、器具をはめ込み、市販の気管支鏡の器具チャネルで操作することができる。以下に説明するように、器具はまた、気管支鏡の器具チャネルの端部から延在するときにそれ自体を操作することが可能になる、それ自体のステアリング機構を含むこともできる。
標的部位にマイクロ波放射を送達するためのケーブルは、低損失であり、小さな断面を有し、可撓性があるべきである。処置中の加熱を避けるためにケーブルは低損失であるべきで、アンテナから所望の放射線を生成するのに十分な電力が遠位端に存在するようにする。
図17は、パドル構造364が器具チャネルの遠位端に取り付けられた例を示す。図16と共通する特徴には、同じ参照番号を付しており、再度の説明はしない。パドル構造364は、その上に製造された1つ以上の放射素子368(例えばパッチアンテナなど)を有する誘電体366を含む。放射素子は、同軸伝送線路構造に、例えば放射状導体素子358、360を介して電気的に接続される。パドルの位置は、制御ロッド370を使用して制御することができる。
Claims (27)
- マイクロ波エネルギーを生物組織に送達するための電気外科器具であって、
マイクロ波エネルギーを伝送するための同軸ケーブルであって、内部導体と、外部導体と、前記内部導体と外部導体とを分離する第1の誘電材料とを有する前記同軸ケーブルと、
前記同軸ケーブルの遠位端に配置されて前記同軸ケーブルから前記マイクロ波エネルギーを受け取る放射先端部分と、
前記電気外科器具の遠位端の可視化を可能にするために撮像信号を伝送するための撮像素子と
を備え、
前記放射先端部分は、
前記第1の誘電材料とは異なる第2の誘電材料で形成された誘電先端部と、
前記誘電先端部内に長手方向に延び、かつ前記誘電先端部によって囲まれる前記同軸ケーブルの前記内部導体の一部を備えた遠位導電部分と
を含み、
前記第2の誘電材料は、前記第1の誘電材料よりも大きい比誘電率を有し、前記誘電先端部の軸方向の長さが、前記誘電先端部を伝播するときの前記マイクロ波エネルギーの波長の一部に対応するように、前記第2の誘電材料の幾何学的形状及びその比誘電率が選択され、前記波長の一部は、前記波長の0.05倍以上であり、前記放射先端部分は、組織焼灼用の局部的なマイクロ波場を放射すべく入力インピーダンスを組織負荷インピーダンスと整合させるために四分の一波長インピーダンス変換器として機能するように構成されており、
前記撮像素子は、前記第1の誘電材料、及び前記放射先端部分を通って延び、かつ、前記内部導体、前記遠位導電部分および前記放射先端部分の内部にある、
前記電気外科器具。 - 前記同軸ケーブル及び放射先端部分の外径が1.9mm以下である、請求項1に記載の電気外科器具。
- 前記第2の誘電材料の前記比誘電率が80以上である、請求項1または2に記載の電気外科器具。
- 前記放射先端部分は、前記遠位導電部分の近位部分を取り囲み、前記第1の誘電材料を前記誘電先端部から分離する中間誘電素子をさらに備え、前記中間誘電素子は、前記第2の誘電材料とは異なる第3の誘電材料で形成される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の電気外科器具。
- 前記マイクロ波エネルギーを生物組織に送達するためのマイクロストリップまたはコプレーナ伝送線路を形成するために、前記誘電先端部の外面に配置された導電性材料を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の電気外科器具。
- 前記放射先端部分は、前記放射先端部分の一方の側に前記マイクロ波場を導くように構成された場の整形素子を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の電気外科器具。
- 前記場の整形素子は、前記マイクロ波場が導かれている側と反対の前記誘電先端部の外面の側に沿って長手方向に延びる導電性フィンガであり、前記導電性フィンガは、前記同軸ケーブルの前記外部導体に電気的に接続されている、請求項6に記載の電気外科器具。
- 前記放射先端部分は、前記誘電先端部及び遠位導電部分に遠位に配置された誘電キャップを含み、前記導電性フィンガが、前記誘電キャップの外面に沿って延び、それによって前記導電性フィンガが、前記遠位導電部分よりも前記同軸ケーブルから離れるように延びる、請求項7に記載の電気外科器具。
- 前記導電性フィンガが、前記同軸ケーブルの前記外部導体の延長部である、請求項7または8に記載の電気外科器具。
- 前記導電性フィンガは、前記同軸ケーブルの前記外部導体に取り付けられ、電気的に接続された導電性スリーブの遠位部分であり、前記導電性スリーブは、前記導電性フィンガの円周方向の位置を調整するために、前記誘電先端部に対して回転可能である、請求項7または8に記載の電気外科器具。
- 前記場の整形素子は、前記誘電先端部の上に形成された導電性スリーブであり、前記導電性スリーブは、前記マイクロ波場が導かれる側に放射スロットが形成された、請求項6に記載の電気外科器具。
- 前記導電性スリーブは、前記放射スロットの円周方向の位置を調整するために前記誘電先端部に対して回転可能である、請求項11に記載の電気外科器具。
- 前記整形素子は、前記同軸ケーブルの前記外部導体の延長部分であり、
前記外部導体は、前記誘電先端部の両側に一対の放射スロットを有し、前記放射先端部分は、前記一対の放射スロットの一方のみを選択的に露出させるように動作可能なアクチュエータを含む、請求項6に記載の電気外科器具。 - 前記アクチュエータは、対向する第1および第2の切り欠きが内部に形成された、長手方向に摺動可能なスリーブを備え、
前記アクチュエータは、
前記アクチュエータの前記第1の切り欠きが前記外部導体の前記一対の放射スロットのうちの第1のものを露出させる第1の位置と、前記アクチュエータの前記第2の切り欠きが前記外部導体の前記一対の放射スロットのうちの第2のものを露出させる第2の位置との間で移動可能であり、
前記第1および第2の切り欠きと前記一対の放射スロットとの間の相対的位置は、両方の放射スロットが同時に露出することを避けるように選ばれたものである、請求項13に記載の電気外科器具。 - 前記撮像素子は、光ファイバのバンドルを含むファイバスコープを含む、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の電気外科器具。
- 前記内部導体及び遠位導電部分は、前記光ファイバのバンドルを担持するためのチャネルを画定するために中空である、請求項15に記載の電気外科器具。
- 前記光ファイバのバンドルは、前記第1の誘電材料及び放射先端部分を通って延び、前記バンドルの外面に導電性材料の層を有して前記同軸ケーブルの前記内部導体及び前記遠位導電部分を形成する、請求項15に記載の電気外科器具。
- 前記撮像素子は、前記放射先端部分の前記遠位端に取り付けられたイメージセンサと、前記イメージセンサから前記電気外科器具の近位端に信号を伝送する通信ケーブルとを含む、先行請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の電気外科器具。
- 前記内部導体及び遠位導電部分は、中空であり、前記通信ケーブルを担持するためのチャネルを画定する、請求項18に記載の電気外科器具。
- 前記イメージセンサが超音波トランスデューサを含む、請求項18または19に記載の電気外科器具。
- 前記遠位端に温度センサを含む、請求項1〜20のいずれか一項に記載の電気外科器具。
- 前記温度センサが、前記同軸ケーブルの前記外部導体に取り付けられた熱電対である、請求項21に記載の電気外科器具。
- 前記熱電対は、前記マイクロ波エネルギーと同じ周波数を有する信号をフィルタリングするように構成された複数のスタブを含む、請求項22に記載の電気外科器具。
- 前記温度センサは、前記電気外科器具の前記遠位端に温度感受性マイクロメカニカル構造、及び前記温度感受性マイクロメカニカル構造を光学的にモニタする手段を含む、請求項21に記載の電気外科器具。
- 前記同軸ケーブルが外側シースに取り付けられ、前記外側シースが、
前記放射先端部分の移動を制御するためのガイドワイヤと、
前記電気外科器具の前記遠位端を冷却するための流体と
のいずれか1つ以上を伝送するよう構成されたマルチルーメンカテーテルである、請求項1〜24のいずれか一項に記載の電気外科器具。 - マイクロ波エネルギーを肺組織に送達するための電気外科装置であって、
マイクロ波エネルギーを生成するためのジェネレータと、
患者の肺に非経皮的に挿入するための気管支鏡であって、その長さに沿って延びる器具チャネルを有する前記気管支鏡と、
前記気管支鏡の前記器具チャネルに取り付けられた請求項1〜25のいずれか一項に記載の電気外科器具と
を含み、
前記同軸ケーブルが、前記ジェネレータからマイクロ波エネルギーを受け取るように接続されている、前記電気外科装置。 - 前記ジェネレータは、前記患者の呼吸周期に合わせてマイクロ波エネルギーのパルスを送達するように構成されている、請求項26に記載の電気外科装置。
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