JP6974006B2 - building - Google Patents

Description

One aspect of the invention relates to a building.

Buildings such as masonry using concrete blocks or bricks are known. Further, in this kind of building, a structure in which an opening is provided in a wall body is known.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 9-235801 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-031618 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-021422

However, when an opening such as a window is provided in a wall in a building such as a masonry structure, stress may be concentrated in the vicinity of the corner of the opening and damage such as cracks may occur.

Therefore, one aspect of the present invention is to provide a building in which damage is less likely to occur in the vicinity of the corner portion of the opening in the wall body.

The building according to one aspect of the present invention includes a first wall body arranged in a predetermined structure, a second wall body arranged apart from the first wall body, and the above-mentioned structure. Then, the cross member is provided, which is bridged between the first wall body and the second wall body and is joined to the first wall body and the second wall body, and the cross member is joined. Is a non-rigid joint. This non-rigid joint is, for example, in the structure when it is assumed that the axis of the end of the horizontal member joined to the wall surface of one of the first wall body and the second wall body and the wall surface intersect. It is a joint in which the angle of intersection changes when a force such as a horizontal force is applied to the joint (in other words, a joint that allows rotation of the joint).

In this building, an opening is formed below the horizontal member, and the joint portion between the first wall body and the second wall body and the horizontal member corresponds to the vicinity of the corner portion of the opening. Here, even if a horizontal force acts on this building due to an earthquake or the like, the horizontal member is joined to the first wall body and the second wall body by a non-rigid joint, so that it is lateral. Only axial force acts on the frame material. As a result, stress that tends to concentrate in the vicinity of the corner of the opening can be released, and damage such as cracks can be suppressed. Further, the horizontal displacements of the first wall body and the second wall body can be made equal, and for example, the strength design of the window sash fitted in the opening can be simplified.

In this building, the second wall body may be arranged in the same structure as the first wall body. It is possible to suppress damage in the vicinity of the corner portion of the opening formed by the horizontal member bridged between the first wall body and the second wall body arranged in the same structure surface.

Further, in this building, the horizontal member is joined to the first wall body and the second wall body via the metal joint, and one end side of the metal joint is the first wall body or the second wall. It is fixed to the body, and the other end side of the metal joint may be joined to the horizontal member via a vertical plate-shaped piece erected along the vertical direction. Non-rigid joints can be easily realized by joining via metal fittings.

Further, the building may be further provided with a flooring material fixed to the horizontal member. By providing the floor material, the deformation of the horizontal material is restrained and it becomes difficult to buckle. As a result, the horizontal lumber can have a smaller cross section.

Further, in this building, a plurality of floors may be provided, and horizontal members may be provided at positions overlapping in a plan view in the plurality of floors. Since a plurality of horizontal members are arranged side by side in the vertical direction, the axial force acting on the horizontal members is dispersed and it becomes difficult to buckle. As a result, the horizontal lumber can have a smaller cross section.

Further, in this building, the first wall body and the second wall body may have a masonry structure composed of a plurality of blocks stacked together. When an opening is formed in a building having a masonry structure, it is possible to make it difficult for damage to occur in the vicinity of the corner of the opening.

It is possible to prevent damage in the vicinity of the corner of the opening in the wall body.

It is a perspective view of the masonry building which concerns on embodiment. It is a perspective view of the 1st floor part of a masonry building. It is a perspective view which shows the joint part of a wall body and a beam in an enlarged manner. It is a vertical sectional view of a joint portion between a wall body and a beam. A mode in which the wall body and the beam are non-rigidly joined is schematically shown, FIG. 5 (a) is a state in which a horizontal force is not applied, and FIG. 5 (b) is a state in which a horizontal force is applied. It is a figure of. A mode in which the wall body and the beam are rigidly joined is schematically shown, FIG. 6 (a) is a diagram showing a state in which a horizontal force is not applied, and FIG. 6 (b) is a diagram showing a state in which a horizontal force is applied. It is a figure. A beam joining metal fitting is shown, FIG. 7 (a) is a side view, and FIG. 7 (b) is a plan view. An example of a modification of the beam joining metal fitting is shown, FIG. 8A is a side view, and FIG. 8B is a front view. It is a perspective view which shows the state which the floor material of the 2nd floor part is installed on the ceiling of the 1st floor part of a masonry building. It is a figure which shows each embodiment of the masonry building schematically, FIG. 10A is a 2nd embodiment, FIG. 10B is a 3rd embodiment, and FIG. 10C is a 4th embodiment. An embodiment, FIG. 10 (d) is a diagram showing a fifth embodiment, and FIG. 10 (e) is a diagram showing a sixth embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the description of the drawings, the same elements are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicate description will be omitted.

As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 9, the masonry building 1 according to the present embodiment is, for example, a two-story masonry house. In the masonry building 1, the wall body 3 is formed on the rising portion 2a formed at the edge of the foundation 2 (solid foundation or the like) which is a rigid body made of reinforced concrete. The masonry building 1 is an industrialized house in which most of the members used are standardized and industrialized. The masonry building 1 has a flat module (predetermined module) M. The plane module M can be set to, for example, 250 mm. A plurality of center lines of the masonry building 1 are set at intervals of integral multiples of the plane module M in two orthogonal directions, and the center line in the thickness direction of the wall body 3 (direction from indoor to outdoor) is set. It matches the core as it is.

In addition to the above-mentioned foundation 2 and wall body 3, the masonry building 1 includes a girder 4 connecting the separated wall bodies 3, a floor receiving beam 8 supporting the floor material 7 (including a flat roof), a hut structure 9, and a sloped roof. It is configured to include 10 mag.

The wall body 3 is embedded in the foundation 2 and is firmly fixed to the foundation 2 by the reinforcing reinforcing bar 61 extending upward and the grout filled in the gap portion. Structurally, the wall body 3 is a cantilever structure having a fixed end at the lower end and a free end at the upper end, that is, resistance at the fixed end to shear force and bending moment due to horizontal force F such as seismic force. It is a structure to be used. The wall body 3 can be used not only as an outer peripheral wall for partitioning the external space and the internal space, but also as a partition wall for partitioning the internal space into a plurality of spaces, or as an independent wall or a sleeve wall in the external space.

The wall body 3 is secured with strength that can withstand the load acting on the divided regions for each of the divided regions that are virtually divided into a plurality of divided regions in a plan view. In the masonry building 1, structural calculation is performed for each of these divided areas. Further, the wall body 3 is a masonry structure formed by a plurality of blocks 11, and is formed by stacking a plurality of and a plurality of types of masonry units.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the block 11 constituting the masonry unit has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the lengthwise dimension of the block 11 is 750 mm, which is an integral multiple of the plane module M, for example, three times. be. Further, the dimension of the block 11 in the thickness direction is 250 mm, which is an integral multiple of M, for example, 1 times. The height dimension of the block 11 is, for example, 150 mm.

The wall bodies 3 are arranged in a staggered manner so that the vertical joints between the blocks 11 adjacent to each other in the length direction of the blocks 11 are displaced by an integral multiple of the plane module M. That is, the vertical joints between the blocks 11 are not continuous in the vertical direction, and the vertical joints between the blocks 11 are shifted in the horizontal direction by an integral multiple of the plane module M. The horizontal direction is the horizontal direction.

The block 11 has end faces 12 facing each other in the continuous direction, side surfaces 13 facing each other in the out-of-plane direction, and upper surfaces 14 and lower surfaces 15 facing each other in the vertical direction. The material of the block 11 is, for example, ALC (lightweight cellular concrete) or lightweight concrete.

The end surface 12 of the block 11 is formed with recesses 12a for filling grout materials, which are continuously provided from the upper surface 14 to the lower surface 15, with a predetermined width. Further, on the lower surface 15 of the block 11, a recess (grout filling portion) 15a for filling the grout material, which is continuously provided from one end surface 12 to the other end surface 12, is formed with a predetermined width. The recess 12a and the recess 15a are formed with substantially the same width. Further, the block 11 is formed with a reinforcing bar insertion hole 14a having a substantially circular cross section penetrating from the upper surface 14 to the lower surface 15. Reinforcing bar insertion holes 14a are provided at, for example, two or three places so as to communicate with the upper and lower blocks 11 arranged in a staggered manner.

Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, among the plurality of wall bodies 3, the reference wall body 3 arranged in the predetermined structure surface P1 is referred to as the first wall body 31 (see FIG. 2). Further, it is separated from the fourth wall body 34 arranged in the structure surface P3 that virtually intersects (orthogonally) with the structure surface P1, and is arranged on the structure surface P2 different from the structure surface P1 of the first wall body 31. Let the wall 3 be the third wall 33. The first wall body 31 and the third wall body 33 correspond to the "first wall body", and the second wall body 32 and the fourth wall body 34 correspond to the "second wall body".

The first wall body 31 and the second wall body 32 are separated from each other and are connected to each other by a girder 4. The girder 4 bridged between the first wall body 31 and the second wall body 32 is described as a girder 41 in order to distinguish it from the other girders 4 for convenience of explanation. The girder 41 is an example of a horizontal lumber. The girder 41 is made of, for example, a wood-based material and has a rectangular cross section. The girder 41 is arranged on the center of the streets of the first wall 31 and the second wall 32, and one end portion 4a is placed on the end surface of the first wall 31 so as to be in line with the first wall 31. It is joined. Further, the other end portion 4a is joined to the end surface of the second wall body 32 so as to be in line with the second wall body 32. The width of the girder 41 is thinner than the block 11 forming the first wall 31 or the second wall 32, and the outer surface of the girder 41 recedes from the outer surface of the first wall 31 or the second wall 32. It is installed so that it can be used. The upper end surface of the girder 41 coincides with the floor receiving beam 8, and the girder 41 also serves as the floor receiving beam 8 and the floor material 7 can be fixed with a fixing hardware or the like. Further, the girder 41 has a different finish from the outer surface of the first wall 31 and the second wall 32 due to ceramic plate materials, various metal plate materials, paints, etc. for waterproofing and improvement of design (not shown). Is given.

The area surrounded by the first wall body 31, the second wall body 32, the girder 41, and the foundation 2 is the opening S1, and a window sash or the like (not shown) is fitted therein. The outer surface of the girder 41 and the outer surface of the window sash or the like are substantially the same. That is, the outer surface of the girder 41 is retracted from the outer surface of the first wall body 31 and the second wall body 32. The first wall 31 and the second wall 32 are finished to represent joints by masonry, but the outer surface of the girder 41 recedes from the first wall 31 and the second wall 32, and the surfaces are aligned. Therefore, even if different finishes are applied, the design is not impaired, and the masonry building 1 can be shaded to improve the design.

The third wall 33 and the fourth wall 34 are separated from each other and are connected to each other by a girder 4. The girder 4 bridged between the third wall 33 and the fourth wall 34 will be described as a girder 42 for convenience of explanation to distinguish it from the other girders 4. The girder 42 is an example of a horizontal lumber. The girder 42 is made of, for example, a wood-based material and has a rectangular cross section. The girder 42 is arranged on the center of the street of the third wall 33, and one end portion 4a is joined to the end surface of the third wall 33 so as to be in line with the third wall 33. The other end portion 4a is joined to the side surface of the fourth wall body 34 so as to be orthogonal to the fourth wall body 34. The width of the girder 42 is thinner than that of the block 11, and the outer surface of the girder 42 is attached so as to recede from the outer surface of the third wall 33. The upper end surface of the girder 42 coincides with the floor receiving beam 8, and the girder 42 also serves as the floor receiving beam 8 and the floor material 7 can be fixed with a fixing hardware or the like. Further, the girder 42 has a different finish from the outer surface of the third wall 33 and the fourth wall 34 due to ceramic plate materials, various metal plate materials, paints, etc. for waterproofing and improvement of design (not shown). Is given.

The region surrounded by the third wall 33, the fourth wall 34, the girder 42, and the foundation 2 is the opening S2 formed in the external space. The inner and outer surfaces of the girder 42 are recessed from the inner and outer surfaces of the third wall 33. The third wall 33 has a finish that represents the joints by masonry, but since the inner and outer surfaces of the girder 42 recede from the third wall 33 and the surfaces are not aligned, different finishes are applied. Does not impair the design.

The fifth wall body 35 and the fourth wall body 34 are separated from each other and are connected to each other by a girder 4. The girder 4 bridged between the third wall 33 and the fourth wall 34 will be described as a girder 42 for convenience of explanation to distinguish it from the other girders 4. The girder 42 is an example of a horizontal lumber. The girder 42 is made of, for example, a wood-based material and has a rectangular cross section. The girder 42 is arranged on the center of the street of the third wall 33, and one end portion 4a is joined to the end surface of the third wall 33 so as to be in line with the third wall 33. The other end portion 4a is joined to the side surface of the fourth wall body 34 so as to be orthogonal to the fourth wall body 34. The width of the girder 42 is thinner than that of the block 11, and the outer surface of the girder 42 is attached so as to recede from the outer surface of the third wall 33. The upper end surface of the girder 42 coincides with the floor receiving beam 8, and the girder 42 also serves as the floor receiving beam 8 and the floor material 7 can be fixed with a fixing hardware or the like. Further, the girder 42 has a different finish from the outer surface of the third wall 33 and the fourth wall 34 due to ceramic plate materials, various metal plate materials, paints, etc. for waterproofing and improvement of design (not shown). Is given.

The region surrounded by the third wall 33, the fourth wall 34, the girder 42, and the foundation 2 is the opening S2 formed in the external space. The inner and outer surfaces of the girder 42 are recessed from the inner and outer surfaces of the third wall 33. The third wall 33 has a finish that represents the joints by masonry, but since the inner and outer surfaces of the girder 42 recede from the third wall 33 and the surfaces are not aligned, different finishes are applied. Does not impair the design.

The girders 41 and 42 are joined to the first wall 31, the second wall 32, the third wall 33, or the fourth wall 34, but constitute the masonry building 1. As the girder 4 to be used, for example, as in the relationship between the girder 43 and the girder 44, the girders 4 that are orthogonal to each other may be provided so as to be sandwiched between two continuous girders 4 in the same structure. The girder 43 is bridged between the wall bodies arranged apart from each other in the predetermined structural surface P3, and corresponds to a horizontal member. The girder 43 is joined to each wall body by a non-rigid joint via a beam joining metal fitting 5 described later.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the girder 4 is joined to the first wall body 31, the second wall body 32, the third wall body 33, or the fourth wall body 34 via the beam joining metal fitting 5. There is. The structure joined via the beam joining metal fitting 5 is basically the same. Therefore, a joining structure for joining the girder 4 and the first wall 31 with the beam joining metal fitting 5 will be described as a representative, and detailed description of other joining structures will be omitted.

A vertical slit 41a extending from the upper surface to the lower surface is formed at the end portion 4a of the girder 4 in the longitudinal direction. The vertical slit 41a is formed along the longitudinal direction of the girder 4 at substantially the center in the width direction of the girder 4 along the center of the passage. At the end 4a of the girder 4, a plurality of (three in the illustrated example) pin holes 41b extending in the direction orthogonal to the material axis and in the horizontal direction are formed at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction. The pin hole 41b penetrates from one side surface of the girder 4 to the other side surface.

As shown in FIG. 7, the beam joining metal fitting 5 has a substantially T-shape (see FIG. 7A) in a side view (cross-sectional view), and is horizontally sandwiched between the upper and lower blocks 11. The plate-shaped piece 52, the abutting plate-shaped piece 51 joined to the horizontal plate-shaped piece 52 and abutting on the end surface of the first wall 31, and the abutting plate-shaped piece 51 joined to the abutting plate-shaped piece 51 and to the abutting plate-shaped piece 51. It is provided with a vertical plate-shaped piece 53 protruding in a direction orthogonal to the vertical plate-shaped piece 53.

The horizontal plate-shaped piece 52 has a rectangular shape, and an elongated hole 52a through which a reinforcing reinforcing bar 61 extending in the vertical direction (vertical direction) is passed is formed. A contact plate-shaped piece 51 is joined to one end of the water plate-shaped piece 52 in the longitudinal direction, and a reinforcing reinforcing bar 63 extending in the horizontal direction (horizontal direction) is screwed to the opposite end. A fastening portion 52b having a wall thickness to be jointly fastened is provided. Further, a reinforcing rib 52c is provided on the lower surface of the horizontal plate-shaped piece 52.

In the state where the blocks 11 are assembled above, the horizontal plate-shaped pieces 52 are arranged in the recess 15a for filling the grout material formed on the lower surface 15 of the block 11. In this state, the reinforcing reinforcing bar 61 is inserted through the elongated hole 52a of the horizontal plate-shaped piece 52. A nut 62 or the like for temporarily fixing the horizontal plate-shaped piece 52 before filling the grout material is attached to the reinforcing bar 61, and the horizontal plate-shaped piece 52 can be tightened to the lower block 11 side by the nut 62. .. The grout filled in the recess 15a can move downward, for example, through the reinforcing bar insertion hole 14a through which the reinforcing reinforcing bar 61 is inserted.

The contact plate-shaped piece 51 has a rectangular shape and extends from the end of the horizontal plate-shaped piece 52 in the vertical direction orthogonal to the horizontal plate-shaped piece 52. The width of the abutting plate-shaped piece 51 is the same as the width of the horizontal plate-shaped piece 52, and protrudes in the vertical direction with respect to the horizontal plate-shaped piece 52. The contact plate-shaped piece 51 is arranged in the recess 12a for filling the grout material formed in the end surface 12 of the block 11.

The vertical plate-shaped piece 53 has a rectangular shape, is joined to the abutting plate-shaped piece 51, and projects in a direction orthogonal to the abutting plate-shaped piece 51. The shape, plate thickness, etc. of the vertical plate-shaped piece 53 correspond to the dimensions of the vertical slit 41a of the girder 4, and have a shape, plate thickness, etc. that fits within the vertical slit 41a. The vertical plate-shaped piece 53 includes a notch-shaped portion 53a formed at the upper end and a plurality of (two in the illustrated example) pin holes 53b formed below the notch-shaped portion 53a. The vertical spacing between the notch 53a and the pin hole 53b coincides with the vertical spacing of the pin hole 41b formed in the girder 4. The pin hole 53b is a long hole that is longer in the width direction than in the vertical direction. The length of the notch 53a in the width direction is the same as the length of the pin hole 53b in the width direction.

Next, the procedure for joining the first wall body 31 and the girder 4 via the beam joining metal fitting 5 and the operation of the joining structure will be described. The girder 4 is formed with pin holes 41b at three locations, of which a metal pin (shaft member) 54a is inserted into the uppermost pin hole 41b. In this state, the vertical slit 41a of the girder 4 is inserted from above so as to cover the vertical plate-shaped piece 53. Then, the metal pin 54a attached to the girder 4 is locked to the notch-shaped portion 53a of the vertical plate-shaped piece 53, and the temporary position of the girder 4 with respect to the vertical plate-shaped piece 53 is determined. In this state, the other two metal pins 54a are passed through the pin holes 53b of the vertical plate-shaped piece 53, and the pin holes 41b of the vertical plate-shaped piece 53 are passed through and fixed.

In this joining structure, the horizontal plate-shaped piece 52 of the beam joining metal fitting 5 is fixed to the first wall body 31 by being embedded inside the first wall body 31. On the other hand, the vertical plate-shaped piece 53 extending in the longitudinal direction of the girder 4 is inserted into the vertical slit 41a formed in the end portion 4a of the girder 4 and fixed to the girder 4 via the metal pin 54a. .. As a result, the first wall body 31 and the girder 4 are pin-joined via the beam-joining metal fitting 5. Although a plurality of metal pins 54a are inserted in the vertical direction, they do not restrain the displacement of the girder 4 in the vicinity of the upper end and the vicinity of the lower end in the material axis direction. With such a structure, the axial force (compressive force, tensile force) and shearing force acting on the girder 4 are transmitted between the girder 4 and the first wall body 31, but the bending moment is sufficiently transmitted. Instead, non-rigid joints such as pin joints or semi-rigid joints are realized. In this joint structure, it may be connected to the reinforcing reinforcing bar or a rib or the like may be provided as appropriate so that the axial force can be sufficiently transmitted.

In addition, instead of the beam joining metal fitting 5, the beam joining metal fitting 5A (see FIG. 8) according to the modified example can be used. FIG. 8 shows a beam joining metal fitting according to a modified example, FIG. 8A is a side view, and FIG. 8B is a plan view. As shown in FIG. 8, the beam joining metal fittings 5A have the same basic structure except that the beam joining metal fitting 5A does not have the fastening portion 52b and the elongated hole 52a through which the reinforcing reinforcing bar 61 is passed is changed to the round hole 52d. do. In addition, for example, a protrusion may be provided on the horizontal plate-shaped piece 52, and the protrusion may be buried in the grout, resulting in a joint structure that acts as a resistance when a horizontal force acts on the horizontal plate-shaped piece 52. It is possible.

The end portion 4a of the girder 4 is joined to the first wall body 31 and the second wall body 32 by the beam joining metal fitting 5 and the beam joining metal fitting 5A by non-rigid joining. The non-rigid joint will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6 in comparison with the rigid joint. Note that FIG. 5 schematically shows a mode in which the first wall body 31 and the first wall body 31 and the girder 4 are non-rigidly joined, and FIG. 5A is a diagram showing a state in which the horizontal force F is not applied. Yes, the figure (b) is a state in which the horizontal force F is acting. Further, FIG. 6 schematically shows an embodiment in which the first wall body 131 and the second wall body 132 and the horizontal member 141 are rigidly joined, and FIG. 6A is a diagram showing a state in which the horizontal force F is not applied. (B) is a diagram showing a state in which the horizontal force F is acting.

Rigid joining is, for example, a form in which upper and lower flanges and webs of a beam material made of H-shaped steel are joined to a steel column made of a square steel pipe by welding or the like in a steel frame structure. Here, as shown in FIG. 6, the angle of intersection between the axis Sb at the end of the horizontal member 141 joined to the wall surface Fa of one of the first wall body 131 and the second wall body 132, that is, the wall surface Fa, that is, It is assumed that the angle θ1 formed by the intersection of the axis Sb and the wall surface Fa. In the case of rigid joining, the angle θ1 does not substantially change even if the wall surface Fa and the horizontal member 141 receive a horizontal force F. This means that the end portion of the horizontal member 141 and the first wall body 131 and the second wall body 132 are maintained in contact with each other, that is, even if the facing distances from each other receive the horizontal force F, they change. Means not.

On the other hand, the non-rigid joint is a joint form consisting of a pin joint or a semi-rigid joint. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the end portion 4a of the girder 4 is joined to the first wall body 31 and the second wall body 32 by the beam joining metal fitting 5. Here, similarly to the above, it is assumed that the angle θ1 is the intersection of the axis Sa of the end portion 4a of the girder 4 joined to the wall surface Fa of one of the first wall body 31 and the second wall body 32 and the wall surface Fa. In the case of non-rigid joint, when the wall surface Fa and the girder 4 receive the horizontal force F, the angle θ1 changes to the angle θ2. This means that a part of the facing distance between the end portion 4a of the girder 4 and the first wall body 31 and the second wall body 32 is separated and changed by receiving the horizontal force F.

As shown in FIG. 9, the floor material 7 is placed and fixed on the girder 4 (43) arranged in the structure surface P3. The floor material 7 according to the present embodiment is a portion forming the floor portion of the second floor, but the floor material 7 forming the flat roof may be supported by the girder 4.

The masonry building 1 according to the present embodiment has a first wall body 31 arranged in a predetermined structure surface P1, a second wall body 32 arranged apart from the first wall body 31, and a structure surface. In P1, a girder 4 (41) bridged between the first wall body 31 and the second wall body 32 is provided. Further, the third wall body 33 arranged in the predetermined structure surface P2, the fourth wall body 34 arranged apart from the third wall body 33, and the third wall body 33 in the structure surface P2. It is provided with a girder 4 (42) bridged between the fourth wall body 34 and the girder 4 (42). The girder 4 is joined to the first wall body 31, the second wall body 32, the third wall body 33, and the fourth wall body 34 by a non-rigid joint.

In this masonry building 1, an opening S1 is formed below the girder 41, and the joint portion between the first wall body 31 and the second wall body 32 and the girder 41 corresponds to the vicinity of the corner portion of the opening S1. do. Further, the joint portion between the third wall body 33 and the fourth wall body 34 and the girder 42 corresponds to the vicinity of the corner portion of the opening S2. Here, even if a horizontal force F acts on this building due to an earthquake or the like, the end portion 4a of the girder 4 is the first wall body 31, the second wall body 32, the third wall body 33, and the fourth wall body. Since the 34 is joined by a non-rigid joint, only the axial force acts on the girder 4 (41, 42). As a result, stress that tends to be concentrated in the vicinity of the corners of the openings S1 and S2 can be released, and damage such as cracks can be suppressed.

In order to avoid damage in the vicinity of the corners of the openings S1 and S2, for example, reinforcement by arranging reinforcing bars at the horizontal joints of the block where the bending moment is difficult to be transmitted due to subdivision can be considered. However, when the above-mentioned device of joining the end portion 4a of the girder 4 to the first wall body 31, the second wall body 32, the third wall body 33, and the fourth wall body 34 by non-rigid joining is not performed. Since the amount of reinforcing bars is large and the position of reinforcing bars is restricted, it is difficult to obtain a desired large opening (opening having a large width dimension or height dimension). In addition, the method of providing a forage, for example, a horizontal member composed of a PC or RC placed in the field above the openings S1 and S2, has a large cross-sectional performance and is structurally easy to handle a large opening. As a result, it is not suitable for a large opening because the sense of unity of the wall surface is impaired and the design is deteriorated. On the other hand, by performing the above-mentioned ingenuity according to the present embodiment, even if the reinforcing bar is reinforced, it is advantageous for the large opening.

Further, the first wall body 31, the second wall body 32, the third wall body 33, and the fourth wall body 34 according to the present embodiment are cantilevered in the respective structural surfaces P1, P2, and P3 directions. As a result, since the horizontal displacement of the upper end is suppressed, excessive stress does not act on the joint portion with the girder 4, and damage can be prevented. In particular, it is effective when the first wall body 31, the second wall body 32, the third wall body 33, and the fourth wall body 34 are made of a relatively fragile material such as ALC.

Further, in the present embodiment, the joint between the first wall body 31, the second wall body 32, the third wall body 33, and the fourth wall body 34 and the girder 4 (41, 42) is a pin joint. Since only the axial force acts on the girder 4, and the first wall 31, the second wall 32, and the third wall 33 are cantilevered in the structure direction, the cross section of the girder 4 is excessive. It does not need to be large and is easy to handle large openings. In addition, since the structure is simple and there is little need to consider the transmission of bending moment, it is easy to support expansion and remodeling.

Further, the girders 4 (41, 42) are joined to the first wall body 31, the second wall body 32, the third wall body 33, and the fourth wall body 34 via the beam joining metal fitting 5, and the beams are joined. One end side of the metal fitting 5 is fixed to the first wall body 31, the second wall body 32, the third wall body 33, or the fourth wall body 34, and the other end side of the beam joining metal fitting 5 is in the vertical direction. It is joined to the girder 4 (41, 42) via a vertical plate-shaped piece 53 erected along the line. According to the present embodiment, the first wall body 31, the second wall body 32, or the third wall body 33 and the end portion 4a of the girder 4 are joined by the beam joining metal fitting 5, thereby performing non-rigid joining, specifically. Pin joining can be easily realized.

Further, in the present embodiment, the floor material 7 fixed to the girder 4 (43) is provided. By providing the floor material 7, the deformation of the girder 4 is restrained and it becomes difficult to buckle. As a result, the girder 4 can have a smaller cross section.

Next, the modified form of the masonry building 1 will be described with reference to FIG. 10A and 10B are views schematically showing a deformed form of a masonry building, in which FIG. 10A is a first deformed form, FIG. 10B is a second deformed form, and FIG. 10C is a third deformed form. The modified form, (d) is a diagram showing a fourth modified form, and (e) is a diagram showing a fifth modified form.

The masonry building 1A according to the first modified form has a plurality of floors. The masonry building 1A is arranged apart from the first wall body 3A arranged in a predetermined structure and the first wall body 3A, and has the same structure as the first wall body 3A. It is equipped with a second wall body 3B arranged inside. A horizontal member 4A is bridged between the first wall body 3A and the second wall body 3B in the same structure, and the horizontal member 4A is the first wall body 3A and the first wall body 3A. It is joined to the second wall body 3B by a non-rigid joint. The horizontal member 4A is not provided on the middle floor, but is provided only on the top floor.

The masonry building 1B according to the second modification has a plurality of floors. The masonry building 1B is arranged apart from the first wall body 3A arranged in a predetermined structure and the first wall body 3A, and has the same structure as the first wall body 3A. It is equipped with a second wall body 3B arranged inside. Horizontal members 4A and 4B are bridged between the first wall body 3A and the second wall body 3B in the same structure, and the horizontal members 4A and 4B are the first wall. It is joined to the body 3A and the second wall body 3B by a non-rigid joint. The horizontal member 4A is provided on the uppermost floor, and the horizontal member 4B is provided on the intermediate floor.

The masonry building 1B according to the second modification has a plurality of floors, and the horizontal members 4A and 4B are provided at positions overlapping in a plan view on the plurality of floors. A plurality of horizontal members 4B are arranged side by side in the vertical direction, and the axial force acting on the horizontal members 4A and 4B is dispersed to make it difficult to buckle. As a result, the horizontal members 4A and 4B can have a smaller cross section.

The masonry building 1C according to the third modified form has a plurality of floors. The masonry building 1C includes a first wall body 3A arranged in a predetermined structure and a second wall body 3C arranged apart from the first wall body 3A. The structure of the second wall 3C is orthogonal to the structure of the first wall 3A. A horizontal member 4A is bridged between the first wall body 3A and the second wall body 3C. The horizontal member 4A is arranged in the construction surface of the first wall body 3A. The horizontal member 4A is joined to the first wall body 3A and the second wall body 3C by a non-rigid joint. The horizontal member 4A is not provided on the middle floor, but is provided only on the top floor.

The masonry building 1D according to the fourth modified form is arranged apart from the first wall body 3D arranged in a predetermined structure and the first wall body 3D, and the first wall. It is provided with a second wall body 3B arranged in the same structure as the body 3D. A horizontal member 4C is bridged between the first wall body 3D and the second wall body 3B in the same structure, and the end portion of the horizontal member 4C is the first wall body. It is joined to 3D and the second wall 3B by non-rigid joining. The horizontal member 4C is bridged between the middle floor of the second wall body 3B and the ceiling portion of the first wall body 3D. As shown in this modified form, the heights of the first wall body 3D and the second wall body 3B may be different modes, or may be heights corresponding to different layers.

The masonry building 1E according to the fifth modified form is arranged apart from the first wall body 3A arranged in a predetermined structure and the first wall body 3A, and is arranged apart from the first wall body. It is provided with a second wall body 3B arranged in the same structure as the body 3A. A horizontal member 4B is bridged between the first wall body 3A and the second wall body 3B in the same structure, and the end portion of the horizontal member 4B is the first wall body. It is joined to 3A and the second wall body 3B by non-rigid joining. The horizontal member 4B is provided on the intermediate floor between the first wall body 3A and the second wall body 3B.

Although the present invention has been described above based on the embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For example, the wall body is a concrete wall body such as reinforced concrete structure, precast concrete structure, formwork concrete block structure, reinforced concrete block structure, etc. constructed on site, as well as a wall body by 2x4 construction method and a wall body by wood panel construction method. May be.

Further, in two walls arranged apart from each other, only one of the walls may be cantilevered. In this case, the other wall body may be a wall body that bears only the vertical load and does not bear the horizontal load, or at least a wall body that is not expected to bear the horizontal load (so-called “miscellaneous wall”).

Further, the horizontal member may be made of precast concrete or steel, and the cross-sectional shape is not limited. For example, if it is made of steel, H-shaped steel, channel steel, channel steel with a lip, or the like can be used. Further, in the case of a building having a plurality of floors, the horizontal member does not have to be provided in all the layers, but may be provided in only a part of the layers.

The joint metal fitting is any form as long as it does not restrain the upper end and the lower end of the horizontal member and does not transmit the bending moment at all or sufficiently, that is, a form that can realize a joint that cannot be regarded as a rigid joint (non-rigid joint). It may be a thing. For example, there may be a configuration in which the horizontal member has a mounting (hanging) portion, and the end portion of the horizontal member is mounted (hooking) on the mounting (hanging) portion and fastened with a bolt or the like. .. Further, the wall side of the metal joint may be embedded in the wall or fixed to the side surface of the wall with a fixing tool such as a screw, a nail, or a bolt.

1 ... masonry building (building), 3 ... wall body, 31 ... first wall body (first wall body), 32 ... second wall body (second wall body), 33 ... third wall body (third wall body) 1st wall), 34 ... 4th wall (2nd wall), 3A, 3D ... 1st wall, 3B, 3C ... 2nd wall, 41, 42, 43 ... girder (horizontal) (Frame material), 4A, 4B, 4C ... Horizontal material, 5.5A ... Beam joint hardware (joint metal), 53 ... Vertical plate-shaped piece, 7 ... Floor material, 11 ... Block, P1, P2, P3 ... Structure ..

Claims (5)

The first wall of the masonry structure placed in a predetermined structure,
The second wall of the masonry structure, which is arranged apart from the first wall,
In the structure, a horizontal member that is bridged between the first wall body and the second wall body and joined to the first wall body and the second wall body, Equipped with
Both ends of the cross member are joined to the first wall body and the second wall body via a joining metal fitting, respectively.
The joint of the horizontal lumber is a non-rigid joint, and is
The first wall body and the second wall body are buildings that are cantilevered structures having a fixed end at the lower end and a free end at the upper end. One end side of the metal joint is fixed to the first wall body or the second wall body, and the other end side of the metal joint is erected along the vertical direction. A vertical plate-shaped piece is provided,
The said end portion of said horizontal members includes a longitudinal slit in which the longitudinal plate-shaped piece will fit through the horizontal member in the direction you perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the horizontal members, passing through said longitudinal slit There are multiple pin holes that extend like this,
The building according to claim 1, wherein the vertical plate-shaped piece is formed with a plurality of pin holes through which a shaft-shaped member passed through the pin holes penetrates. The building according to claim 2, wherein the pin hole of the vertical plate-shaped piece is a long hole that is longer in the width direction orthogonal to the vertical direction than the length in the vertical direction. The building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a flooring material fixed to the horizontal lumber. The building according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which has a plurality of floors, and the horizontal members are provided at positions overlapping in a plan view in the plurality of floors.

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