JP6975389B2 - Evaluation method of materials for marine areas and manufacturing method of materials for marine areas using this - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、海域向け資材の評価方法及びこれを利用した海域向け資材の製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for evaluating materials for marine areas and a method for manufacturing materials for marine areas using the same.
従来、海域の環境改善、藻場の造成、河川等の水質改善のための覆砂には、天然石や天然砂が用いられてきたが、天然資源の保全及び山の採掘の抑制等の観点から、代替材料として各種副産物の利用が検討されている。中でも、鉄鋼製造プロセスから生じる製鋼スラグは、形状が天然石や天然砂と類似していること、発生元の製鉄所が海域に面していること、安定した供給が可能であること、及び重金属の溶出がないこと等の理由から、有望な代替材料として利用が進められている。 Conventionally, natural stones and natural sand have been used to cover sand for improving the environment of the sea area, creating seaweed beds, and improving the water quality of rivers, etc., but from the viewpoint of conservation of natural resources and suppression of mountain mining, etc. , The use of various by-products as alternative materials is being considered. Among them, the steelmaking slag produced from the steelmaking process is similar in shape to natural stone and natural sand, the origin of the steelworks faces the sea area, stable supply is possible, and heavy metals. It is being used as a promising alternative material because it does not elute.
各種副産物を覆砂用の改質材を始めとする海域向け資材として利用する際には、環境に対して悪影響がないことを事前に確認する必要がある。こうした確認方法の例としては、前述した製鋼スラグについて、含有するカルシウム鉱物からのカルシウムイオンの溶出に起因する、pHの上昇度合いを確認する方法が開示されている(非特許文献1)。 When using various by-products as materials for marine areas such as modifiers for sand covering, it is necessary to confirm in advance that there is no adverse effect on the environment. As an example of such a confirmation method, a method for confirming the degree of increase in pH due to the elution of calcium ions from the calcium mineral contained in the above-mentioned steelmaking slag is disclosed (Non-Patent Document 1).
さらに、覆砂は、赤潮や青潮の防止といった海域の環境改善を目的としてなされるものであるため、改質材として利用される海域向け資材の環境改善効果についても、簡便な方法で事前に確認できることが好ましい。 Furthermore, since sand cover is intended to improve the environment of the sea area such as prevention of red tide and blue tide, the effect of improving the environment of the material for the sea area used as a modifier is also prepared in advance by a simple method. It is preferable to be able to confirm.
改質材による環境改善の例及びそのメカニズムとしては、製鋼スラグを用いた場合について、製鋼スラグ中の鉄、特に2価の鉄イオンが、底泥から発生する硫化水素を硫化鉄に変えることにより、硫化水素の発生を防止できることが報告されている(特許文献1,2)。
また、これに関連して、本発明者らは、全鉄(トータルFe)の含有量が多い製鋼スラグを底質に敷設することにより、水中の硫化物濃度を低減できることを明らかにしている(特許文献3)。
As an example of environmental improvement by the modified material and its mechanism, when steelmaking slag is used, iron in the steelmaking slag, especially divalent iron ions, converts hydrogen sulfide generated from the bottom mud into iron sulfide. , It has been reported that the generation of hydrogen sulfide can be prevented (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
Further, in connection with this, the present inventors have clarified that the sulfide concentration in water can be reduced by laying steelmaking slag having a high total iron (total Fe) content in the sediment (). Patent Document 3).
しかし、海域向け資材の中には、トータルFeの含有量は多くても2価の鉄イオンの含有量が少ないものもあるため、トータルFeの含有量のみによって、海域向け資材全般の硫化物抑制性能を評価することはできない。また、固体状態にある海域向け資材中に存在する2価の鉄イオンの量を測定する手法は、これまでのところ明らかにされていない。
しかも、海域向け資材のうち、トータルFeの含有量によって硫化物抑制性能をある程度予測可能な製鋼スラグについては、近年、鉄の含有量が減少傾向にある。これは、主産物である鉄鋼の収量を上げるために、製鋼工程の改良や製鋼スラグから鉄分(地金)の回収が行われていることによる。このため、トータルFeの含有量を硫化物抑制性能の指標とした場合、多くのスラグが該性能に劣ると判定される虞がある。
このように、海域向け資材の硫化物抑制性能を簡便に評価する方法は、現在のところ確立されていない。
However, some materials for marine areas have a high total Fe content but a low content of divalent iron ions. Therefore, only the total Fe content suppresses sulfides in all marine materials. Performance cannot be evaluated. In addition, a method for measuring the amount of divalent iron ions present in materials for marine areas in a solid state has not been clarified so far.
Moreover, among the materials for marine areas, the iron content of steelmaking slag, whose sulfide suppression performance can be predicted to some extent by the total Fe content, has been decreasing in recent years. This is due to the improvement of the steelmaking process and the recovery of iron (bullet) from steelmaking slag in order to increase the yield of steel, which is the main product. Therefore, when the total Fe content is used as an index of the sulfide suppression performance, it may be determined that many slags are inferior to the performance.
As described above, a method for easily evaluating the sulfide suppression performance of materials for marine areas has not been established at present.
以上のような状況のため、海域向け資材の硫化物抑制性能を評価するに際しては、実際の海域中に評価対象となる海域向け資材を投入して経過を観察する手法、又は特許文献3に報告されているように、実際の海域から採取した底質を用いて実際の海域を模した試験環境を準備し、これに評価対象となる海域向け資材を投入して経過を観察する手法が採用されており、性能の確認に時間、手間及びコストを要することが問題であった。
そこで、本発明は、前記問題点を解決し、海域向け資材の硫化物抑制性能を簡便に評価できる方法を提供することを目的とする。
Due to the above situation, when evaluating the sulfide suppression performance of materials for marine areas, a method of putting materials for marine areas to be evaluated into the actual sea area and observing the progress, or reporting in Patent Document 3. As shown in the above, a method is adopted in which a test environment that imitates the actual sea area is prepared using the sediment collected from the actual sea area, and materials for the sea area to be evaluated are put into this and the progress is observed. The problem is that it takes time, effort and cost to confirm the performance.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide a method capable of easily evaluating the sulfide suppression performance of a material for marine areas.
本発明者は、前記課題を解決するために種々の検討を行ったところ、溶存硫化物を含む水溶液に海域向け資材を一定時間接触させた際の、該水溶液中の溶存硫化物量の減少量により、該海域向け資材の硫化水素抑制能力を判定できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 The present inventor conducted various studies to solve the above problems, and found that the amount of dissolved sulfide in the aqueous solution was reduced when the material for the sea area was brought into contact with the aqueous solution containing dissolved sulfide for a certain period of time. , The present invention has been completed by finding that the hydrogen sulfide suppressing ability of the material for the sea area can be determined.
すなわち、前記課題を解決するための本発明の一実施形態は、塊状及び/又は粉状の海域向け資材の評価方法であって、一定の乾燥質量を有する塊状及び/又は粉状の海域向け資材を準備すること、溶存硫化物濃度が一定(CS,0)の水溶液を準備すること、該水溶液に前記海域向け資材を一定時間接触させること、接触後の前記水溶液中の溶存硫化物濃度(CS,t)を測定すること、該溶存硫化物濃度(CS,t)の、接触前の濃度(CS,0)からの減少量(ΔCS=CS,0−CS,t)に基づいて、前記海域向け資材の硫化物抑制能力を算出すること、及び前記硫化物抑制能力が一定値以上となった海域向け資材を合格とすること、による硫化物抑制能力の判定試験を含む、海域向け資材の評価方法である。 That is, one embodiment of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a method for evaluating a material for a massive and / or powdery sea area, which has a certain dry mass and is a material for a massive and / or powdery sea area. To prepare an aqueous solution having a constant dissolved sulfide concentration ( CS, 0 ), to bring the material for the sea area into contact with the aqueous solution for a certain period of time, and to make the dissolved sulfide concentration in the aqueous solution after contact (CS, 0). C S, measuring t), solution exist sulfide concentration (C S, t), reduction of the concentration before the contact (C S, 0) (ΔC S = C S, 0 -C S, t ), And a judgment test of the sulfide suppression capacity by calculating the sulfide suppression capacity of the material for the sea area and passing the material for the sea area where the sulfide suppression capacity exceeds a certain value is passed. This is an evaluation method for materials for marine areas, including.
本発明によれば、海域向け資材の硫化水素抑制性能を簡便に評価できる方法を提供することができる。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method capable of easily evaluating the hydrogen sulfide suppression performance of a material for marine areas.
以下、本発明の一実施形態(以下、「本実施形態」と記載する。)を詳細に説明するが、本発明は該実施形態に限定されるものではない。また、以下に述べる作用機構については推定を含んでおり、その正否は、本発明を制限するものではない。なお、数値範囲の記載(2つの数値を「〜」でつないだ記載)については、下限及び上限として記載された数値をも含む意味である。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “the present embodiment”) will be described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiment. In addition, the mechanism of action described below includes estimation, and its correctness does not limit the present invention. The description of the numerical range (the description in which two numerical values are connected by "~") means that the numerical values described as the lower limit and the upper limit are also included.
本実施形態に係る海域向け資材の評価方法は、一定の乾燥質量を有する塊状及び/又は粉状の海域向け資材を準備すること、溶存硫化物濃度が一定(CS,0)の水溶液を準備すること、該水溶液に前記海域向け資材を一定時間接触させること、接触後の前記水溶液中の溶存硫化物濃度(CS,t)を測定すること、該溶存硫化物濃度(CS,t)の、接触前の濃度(CS,0)からの減少量(ΔCS=CS,0−CS,t)に基づいて、前記海域向け資材の硫化物抑制能力を算出すること、及び前記硫化物抑制能力が一定値以上となった海域向け資材を合格とすること、による硫化物抑制能力の判定試験を含む。 The evaluation method of the material for the sea area according to the present embodiment is to prepare a bulky and / or powdery material for the sea area having a certain dry mass, and to prepare an aqueous solution having a constant dissolved sulfide concentration (CS, 0). To do so, to bring the material for the sea area into contact with the aqueous solution for a certain period of time , to measure the dissolved sulfide concentration (CS, t ) in the aqueous solution after contact, and to measure the dissolved sulfide concentration (CS, t ). of, based on the amount of decrease in the concentration before contact (C S, 0) (ΔC S = C S, 0 -C S, t), calculating the sulfide suppression capability of the waters for material, and the Includes a sulfide suppression capacity judgment test by passing materials for marine areas where the sulfide suppression capacity exceeds a certain value.
評価対象とする海域向け資材は、改質材として覆砂に利用される塊状及び/又は粉状材料であれば特に限定されず、溶銑予備処理スラグ及び脱炭スラグ等の製鋼スラグの他、廃コンクリート等のコンクリート製品の破砕品、貝殻、廃石膏ボード等の石膏を含む製品の廃棄物及び石炭灰等の各種副産物であってもよく、また従来から海域向け資材に用いられている天然石や天然砂であってもよい。中でも製鋼スラグは、副産物が有効利用できることに加えて、形状が天然石や天然砂と類似していること、発生元の製鉄所が海域に面していること、安定した供給が可能であること、及び重金属の溶出がないことといった利点を有する点で、好ましいものである。 The material for the sea area to be evaluated is not particularly limited as long as it is a lump and / or powder material used for sand covering as a reforming material, and is abolished in addition to steelmaking slag such as hot metal pretreatment slag and decarburized slag. It may be crushed concrete products such as concrete, waste of products containing gypsum such as shells and waste gypsum board, and various by-products such as coal ash, and natural stones and natural materials that have been conventionally used as materials for marine areas. It may be sand. Among them, steelmaking slag has a similar shape to natural stone and natural sand, the origin of the steelworks faces the sea area, and stable supply is possible, in addition to the effective use of by-products. It is also preferable in that it has advantages such as no elution of heavy metals.
試験に供する塊状及び/又は粉状の海域向け資材は、その乾燥質量を一定とする。乾燥質量が一定であれば、含水率の差により実際に水中に投入する質量が異なっていてもよい。本明細書において、乾燥質量とは、大気中、110±5℃で質量変化が無視できるまで乾燥した際の質量をいい、たとえば、厚さ5cmに堆積させた状態であれば12時間乾燥すれば十分である。 The dry mass of lumpy and / or powdery marine materials to be tested shall be constant. As long as the dry mass is constant, the mass actually put into water may differ due to the difference in water content. In the present specification, the dry mass means the mass when dried in the air at 110 ± 5 ° C. until the mass change is negligible. It is enough.
溶存硫化物を含む水溶液としては、水に各種硫化物を溶解し、一定濃度としたものを用いる。
水溶液の調製に使用する水は特に限定されず、水道水、蒸留水及び海水等が例示される。海域向け資材の適用海域が予め決まっている場合には、該海域の水、又はこれを模して含有するイオン種やその量を調整した水を使用することが、該海域における硫化水素抑制性能をより正確に評価できるため好ましい。人工海水を調製する場合には、水中の水素イオン濃度、すなわちpHの調整に希塩酸等を使用することができる。
水に溶解する硫化物としては、水溶性のもの、又は加水分解により硫黄を含む水溶性化合物を生じるものであれば限定されず、硫化ナトリウム、硫化カリウム、硫化マグネシウム及び硫化カルシウム等が例示される。中でも硫化ナトリウムは、水への溶解度が高いために高濃度の水溶液でも調製が可能である点、及び水として海水を用いる場合には、水中にナトリウムが大量に含まれているため、添加による組成の変動を小さくできる点で好ましい。
水溶液の濃度(CS,0)も、一定の値であれば限定されず、例えば硫化ナトリウム水溶液とする場合には、50〜400mg/L程度とすることができる。海域向け資材の適用海域が予め決まっている場合には、該海域の底質間隙水の溶存硫化物濃度を予め測定し、該濃度に基づいて水溶液濃度を決定することが、該海域における硫化水素抑制性能をより正確に評価できるため好ましい。
As the aqueous solution containing the dissolved sulfide, a solution in which various sulfides are dissolved in water to a constant concentration is used.
The water used for preparing the aqueous solution is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include tap water, distilled water, and seawater. When the applicable sea area of the material for the sea area is decided in advance, it is possible to use the water in the sea area, or the water containing the ion species and the amount adjusted to imitate the water, to suppress hydrogen sulfide in the sea area. Is preferable because it can be evaluated more accurately. When preparing artificial seawater, dilute hydrochloric acid or the like can be used to adjust the hydrogen ion concentration in the water, that is, the pH.
The sulfide that dissolves in water is not limited as long as it is water-soluble or hydrolyzes to produce a water-soluble compound containing sulfur, and examples thereof include sodium sulfide, potassium sulfide, magnesium sulfide, and calcium sulfide. .. Among them, sodium sulfide can be prepared even with a high-concentration aqueous solution because it has high solubility in water, and when seawater is used as water, a large amount of sodium is contained in the water, so the composition by addition is added. It is preferable in that the fluctuation of can be reduced.
The concentration of the aqueous solution ( CS, 0 ) is also not limited as long as it is a constant value, and can be, for example, about 50 to 400 mg / L in the case of a sodium sulfide aqueous solution. When the applicable sea area of the material for the sea area is determined in advance, the concentration of dissolved sulfide in the sediment interstitial water in the sea area is measured in advance, and the aqueous solution concentration is determined based on the concentration. It is preferable because the suppression performance can be evaluated more accurately.
溶存硫化物を含む水溶液に海域向け資材を接触させる方法は、両者が接触している時間を確認及び制御できるものであれば限定されない。したがって、溶存硫化物を含む水溶液と海域向け資材とを容器に一定量ずつ入れて一定時間静置する方法であってもよいが、硫化水素抑制性能をより短時間で評価する点からは、溶存硫化物を含む水溶液と海域向け資材とを容器に一定量ずつ入れ、密閉した状態で振とう又は回転する方法が好ましい。
容器を振とう又は回転する方法を採用する場合、容器は密封できるものである必要がある。これは、振とう又は回転のエネルギーによって水中の溶存硫化物が気化して逸失することで、硫化水素抑制能力を誤って高く評価してしまうことを防ぐためである。溶存硫化物の気化による逸失をさらに抑制する点からは、容器を満水にすること、又は容器内の気相を窒素ガスやアルゴンガス等の不活性ガスで置換することが好ましい。さらに、海域向け資材と接触させない、溶存硫化物を含む水溶液のみのブランクについて、振とう又は回転による溶存硫化物量の変化を測定することで、振とう又は回転中に逸失した硫化物量を補正することがより好ましい。
容器を振とう又は回転する方法を採用する場合、振とう又は回転の回転数を20〜400rpm程度とし、振とう時間を6〜72時間程度とすることが好ましい。振とう又は回転の回転数が小さすぎる、又は時間が短すぎる場合、資材と水の接触及びそれに伴う硫化水素との反応が十分に起こらず、硫化水素抑制性能を誤って低く評価してしまう虞がある。他方、振とう又は回転の回転数が大きすぎる場合、振とう器に負担がかかる上、摩擦熱で水温が上昇し、硫化水素抑制性能を誤って評価してしまうことが懸念される。また、振とう時間が長すぎる場合、容器の密閉性能などにもよるが、添加した溶存硫化物が硫化水素ガスなどとして逸失することにより、硫化水素抑制性能を誤って高く評価してしまう虞がある。
The method of contacting the material for the sea area with the aqueous solution containing the dissolved sulfide is not limited as long as the time of contact between the two can be confirmed and controlled. Therefore, a method may be used in which an aqueous solution containing dissolved sulfide and a material for marine areas are placed in a container in a fixed amount and allowed to stand for a certain period of time, but from the viewpoint of evaluating the hydrogen sulfide suppression performance in a shorter time, the solution is dissolved. A method in which an aqueous solution containing sulfide and a material for sea areas are placed in a container in a fixed amount and shaken or rotated in a closed state is preferable.
When adopting the method of shaking or rotating the container, the container needs to be sealable. This is to prevent the dissolved sulfide in water from being vaporized and lost by the energy of shaking or rotation, and the hydrogen sulfide suppressing ability is erroneously evaluated highly. From the viewpoint of further suppressing the loss of the dissolved sulfide due to vaporization, it is preferable to fill the container with water or replace the gas phase in the container with an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or argon gas. Furthermore, for blanks containing only an aqueous solution containing dissolved sulfide that does not come into contact with materials for marine areas, the amount of sulfide lost during shaking or rotation is corrected by measuring the change in the amount of dissolved sulfide due to shaking or rotation. Is more preferable.
When the method of shaking or rotating the container is adopted, it is preferable that the rotation speed of shaking or rotation is about 20 to 400 rpm and the shaking time is about 6 to 72 hours. If the rotation speed of shaking or rotation is too small or the time is too short, the contact between the material and water and the accompanying reaction with hydrogen sulfide may not occur sufficiently, and the hydrogen sulfide suppression performance may be erroneously underestimated. There is. On the other hand, if the rotation speed of shaking or rotation is too high, the shaker is burdened and the water temperature rises due to frictional heat, and there is a concern that the hydrogen sulfide suppression performance may be erroneously evaluated. In addition, if the shaking time is too long, the added dissolved sulfide may be lost as hydrogen sulfide gas, etc., depending on the sealing performance of the container, and the hydrogen sulfide suppression performance may be erroneously evaluated highly. be.
前記接触後の水溶液中の溶存硫化物量(CS,t)の測定方法は特に限定されず、硫化物用の検知管を用いる方法や液体クロマトグラフィー等を採用できる。測定が簡便に行える点で、検知管を用いる方法が好ましい。 The method for measuring the amount of dissolved sulfide (CS , t ) in the aqueous solution after contact is not particularly limited, and a method using a detector tube for sulfide, liquid chromatography, or the like can be adopted. The method using a detector tube is preferable because the measurement can be easily performed.
本実施形態では、海域向け資材と接触後の水溶液中の溶存硫化物濃度(CS,t)の、接触前の濃度(CS,0)からの減少量(ΔCS=CS,0−CS,t)に基づいて、前記海域向け資材の硫化物抑制能力を算出し、該結果に基づいて海域向け資材の硫化水素抑制能力を評価する。硫化物抑制能力は、前記溶存硫化物濃度の減少量(ΔCS)に水溶液の量を乗じて海域向け資材に固定された硫化物の総質量を算出し、これを海域向け資材の体積又は質量で除すことで算出される。水溶液と接触させる海域向け資材の量を測定毎に一定とする場合には、海域向け資材に固定された硫化物の総質量そのものを硫化物抑制能力としてもよい。 In the present embodiment, the dissolved sulfide concentration in the aqueous solution after contact with the waters for materials (C S, t), reduction of the concentration before the contact (C S, 0) (ΔC S = C S, 0 - Based on CS, t ), the sulfide suppression capacity of the material for the sea area is calculated, and the hydrogen sulfide suppression capacity of the material for the sea area is evaluated based on the result. Sulfide suppression capability, the dissolved sulfide reduction of the concentration multiplied by the amount of aqueous solution ([Delta] C S) to calculate the total mass of the sulfide which is fixed to the sea area for materials, volume or mass of waters for materials this It is calculated by dividing by. When the amount of the material for the sea area to be brought into contact with the aqueous solution is constant for each measurement, the total mass of the sulfide fixed to the material for the sea area itself may be used as the sulfide suppression ability.
海域向け資材の硫化物抑制能力を算出にあたっては、海域向け資材と水溶液との接触中の逸失溶存硫化物量を、ブランクを用いて補正してもよい。この場合、容器中に前記海域向け資材を入れない他は、前記水溶液と前記海域向け資材との接触と同条件で処理したブランクについて溶存硫化物濃度(Cs,b)を測定し、該溶存硫化物濃度(Cs,b)の、前記接触前の前記水溶液の溶存硫化物濃度(CS,0)からの減少量を、逸失溶存硫化物濃度(Closs=CS,0−CS,b)として算出し、この値を用いて溶存硫化物濃度の減少量(ΔCS)を、
ΔCs=CS,0−CS,t+Closs
とする。
逸失溶存硫化物量を補正することで、海域向け資材の硫化水素抑制能力をより正確に評価することができる。
In calculating the sulfide suppression capacity of the material for marine areas, the amount of lost dissolved sulfide during contact between the material for marine areas and the aqueous solution may be corrected by using a blank. In this case, the dissolved sulfide concentration (Cs, b ) was measured for the blank treated under the same conditions as the contact between the aqueous solution and the material for the sea area, except that the material for the sea area was not put in the container, and the solution was dissolved. sulfide concentration (C s, b) of the reduction amount from the dissolved sulfide concentration of the aqueous solution prior to said contacting (C S, 0), loss of dissolved sulfide concentrations (C loss = C S, 0 -C S , calculated as b), decrease in the concentration of dissolved sulfide by using this value ([Delta] C S),
ΔC s = CS, 0- CS , t + C loss
And.
By correcting the amount of lost dissolved sulfide, it is possible to more accurately evaluate the hydrogen sulfide suppression capacity of materials for marine areas.
合否判定の閾値は、海域向け資材を適用する海域の底質に含まれる硫化物の量や海域向け資材の適用厚み等を考慮して適宜決定できる。例えば、200g/m3の硫化物を含む底質に、海域向け資材を厚さ30cmで施工して硫化物を抑制する場合には、海域向け資材0.3m3当たり200gの硫化物を固定する必要があるから、合否判定の閾値は、200g/0.3m3≒670g/m3=670mg/Lとなる。 The threshold value for pass / fail judgment can be appropriately determined in consideration of the amount of sulfide contained in the bottom sediment of the sea area to which the material for the sea area is applied, the thickness of the material applied to the sea area, and the like. For example, when a material for sea areas is applied to a sediment containing 200 g / m 3 of sulfide with a thickness of 30 cm to suppress sulfide, 200 g of sulfide is fixed per 0.3 m 3 of material for sea areas. Since it is necessary, the threshold value for pass / fail determination is 200 g / 0.3 m 3 ≈ 670 g / m 3 = 670 mg / L.
本実施形態の好ましい態様として、海域向け資材の浮遊物量の判定試験を組み合わせたものが挙げられる。
海域向け資材は、粒度調整のための破砕や運搬等の取扱い(ハンドリング)に伴う粒子の衝突によって生じた微粒分を含むことが多い。この微粒分のうち疎水性のものは、水中投入時に沈下せずに水面近くに浮遊して長時間留まるため、水質汚濁の原因となる。このため、海域向け資材の評価において、水に投入した際の浮遊物量も評価することが好ましい。特に、海域向け資材として製鋼スラグを用いる場合には、含有する地金を回収する際の破砕により、多量の微粒分を含んでいることが多いため、前記浮遊物量を適切に評価することは重要である。
A preferred embodiment of the present embodiment is a combination of a test for determining the amount of suspended matter in a material for marine areas.
Materials for marine areas often contain fine particles generated by collision of particles during handling such as crushing and transportation for particle size adjustment. Of these fine particles, hydrophobic ones do not sink when put into water, but float near the surface of the water and stay for a long time, which causes water pollution. Therefore, in the evaluation of materials for marine areas, it is preferable to evaluate the amount of suspended matter when put into water. In particular, when steelmaking slag is used as a material for marine areas, it often contains a large amount of fine particles due to crushing when recovering the contained metal, so it is important to properly evaluate the amount of suspended matter. Is.
海域向け資材の浮遊物量の判定試験は、一定の乾燥質量の海域向け資材を準備すること、前記海域向け資材を水中に投入し、一定時間静置すること、静置後に水面に浮遊する浮遊物を採集すること、採集した前記浮遊物を乾燥すること、乾燥した前記浮遊物の質量を測定すること、及び前記浮遊物の質量が一定値以下となった海域向け資材を合格とすること、により行う。 In the judgment test of the amount of suspended matter in the material for the sea area, prepare the material for the sea area with a certain dry mass, put the material for the sea area into the water and let it stand for a certain period of time, and the floating matter floating on the water surface after standing. By collecting, drying the collected suspended matter, measuring the mass of the dried suspended matter, and passing the material for the sea area where the mass of the suspended matter is below a certain value. conduct.
試験に供する海域向け資材は、判定対象の資材からサンプリングしたものをそのまま用いてもよいが、適切な目の篩いでアンダーカットして使用してもよい。使用する海域向け資材は、乾燥質量を一定とする。乾燥質量が一定であれば、含水率の差により実際に水中に投入する質量が異なっていてもよい。 As the material for the sea area to be used for the test, the material sampled from the material to be judged may be used as it is, or it may be used by undercutting with an appropriate eye sieve. The dry mass of the materials used for the sea area is constant. As long as the dry mass is constant, the mass actually put into water may differ due to the difference in water content.
海域向け資材を投入する水は、特に限定されず、水道水、蒸留水及び海水等が例示される。海域向け資材の適用海域が予め決まっている場合には、該海域の水、又はこれを模して含有するイオン種やその量を調整した水を使用することが、発生する浮遊物量をより正確に評価できるため好ましい。人工海水を調製する場合には、水中の水素イオン濃度、すなわちpHの調整に希塩酸等を使用することができる。
水を収容する容器は、投入された海域向け資材の浮遊又は沈降の状態を外部から観察できるものであれば、形状、材質は限定されない。容積についても、試験に供する海域向け資材の量に応じたものを適宜利用できる。試験に供する海域向け資材のかさ容積の2倍以上の容積のものを用いることが、作業性の点で好ましい。好ましい容器の例としては、容積が500mL〜5Lの筒型容器やバケツが挙げられる。
The water into which the material for the sea area is input is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include tap water, distilled water, and seawater. If the applicable sea area of the material for the sea area is decided in advance, it is more accurate to use the water in the sea area, or the water containing the ion species and the amount adjusted to imitate the water, to obtain more accurate amount of suspended matter. It is preferable because it can be evaluated. When preparing artificial seawater, dilute hydrochloric acid or the like can be used to adjust the hydrogen ion concentration in the water, that is, the pH.
The shape and material of the container for accommodating water are not limited as long as the state of floating or subsidence of the introduced sea area material can be observed from the outside. As for the volume, it can be appropriately used according to the amount of materials for the sea area to be tested. From the viewpoint of workability, it is preferable to use a material having a volume that is at least twice the bulk volume of the material for the sea area to be tested. Examples of preferable containers include tubular containers and buckets having a volume of 500 mL to 5 L.
水中に海域向け資材を投入した後静置する時間は、投入完了時点から粗粒及び親水性微粒子の沈降が概ね完了する迄とすることができる。静置時間の例としては、24時間程度が挙げられる。 The time for putting the material for the sea area into the water and letting it stand still can be from the time when the material is put into the water until the sedimentation of the coarse particles and the hydrophilic fine particles is almost completed. An example of the standing time is about 24 hours.
静置後の浮遊物を採集する方法は特に限定されず、適切な大きさのさじ等を用いて浮遊物をすくい取った後にろ過する方法や、ポンプ等で浮遊物を水ごと吸い取った後にろ過する方法等が適用できる。 The method of collecting the suspended matter after standing is not particularly limited, and a method of scooping the suspended matter with an appropriate size scoop or the like and then filtering it, or a method of sucking the suspended matter together with water with a pump or the like and then filtering it. The method of doing so can be applied.
採集した浮遊物の乾燥は、浮遊物粒子の表面に付着した水分及び粒子表面に開口を有する空隙(開気孔)中の水分を完全に除去できる条件で行う。乾燥方法の例としては、採集した浮遊物をシャーレ等の耐熱性の皿に移して110℃に設定したオーブン中に入れて保持する方法が挙げられる。この場合、乾燥が完了したことの判断は、浮遊物の質量が変化しなくなったことにより行えばよい。 The collected suspended matter is dried under the condition that the moisture adhering to the surface of the suspended matter particles and the moisture in the voids (open pores) having openings on the particle surface can be completely removed. As an example of the drying method, there is a method of transferring the collected suspended matter to a heat-resistant dish such as a petri dish and holding it in an oven set at 110 ° C. In this case, the determination that the drying is completed may be made based on the fact that the mass of the suspended matter does not change.
浮遊物の乾燥質量の測定は、後述する合否判定の閾値に応じた精度の質量測定手段により行う。一例として、1kg程度の製鋼スラグを試験に供した場合、合否判定の閾値は0.005g以下とされることが多いため、0.001g(1mg)まで測定可能な秤を使用する。 The dry mass of the suspended matter is measured by a mass measuring means having an accuracy according to the threshold value of the pass / fail judgment described later. As an example, when a steelmaking slag of about 1 kg is subjected to a test, the threshold value for pass / fail judgment is often 0.005 g or less, so a scale capable of measuring up to 0.001 g (1 mg) is used.
合否判定の閾値は、判定対象とする海域向け資材の粒度及び投入量に加えて、該海域向け資材の適用海域の実情を考慮して設定することが好ましい。例えば、0−10mmの粒度範囲の材料1000gを水中に落下させたときの浮遊物乾燥重量を0.005g以下などと設定する。 It is preferable to set the threshold value for pass / fail judgment in consideration of the actual condition of the sea area to which the material for the sea area is applied, in addition to the particle size and input amount of the material for the sea area to be judged. For example, the dry weight of suspended matter when 1000 g of a material having a particle size range of 0 to 10 mm is dropped into water is set to 0.005 g or less.
本実施形態の別の好ましい態様として、pH上昇の判定試験を組み合わせたものが挙げられる。pH上昇の判定試験は、上掲した非特許文献1に記載の方法にて行う。 Another preferred embodiment of the present embodiment is a combination of a pH increase determination test. The pH increase determination test is performed by the method described in Non-Patent Document 1 described above.
なお、上述した以外の試験、例えば、「水底土砂に係る判定基準」などの法令に基づいた試験を組み合わせてもよいことはいうまでもない。「水底土砂に係る判定基準」は、浚渫した土砂(底質)を海面埋立又は海洋投入するにあたって、「海洋汚染等及び海上災害の防止に関する法律施行令第5条第1項に規定する埋立場所等に排出しようとする金属等を含む廃棄物に係る判定基準を定める省令」に定められているものである。こうした試験を組み合わせる場合には、法令等に定められた項目の一部または全部について、溶出液中の濃度を測定するなどの操作を行い、項目ごとに定められた基準値をもとに合否を判定する。 Needless to say, tests other than those described above, for example, tests based on laws and regulations such as "judgment criteria for bottom sediment" may be combined. The "Judgment Criteria for Underwater Sediment" is the landfill site specified in Article 5, Paragraph 1 of the Ordinance for Enforcement of the Act on Prevention of Marine Pollution, etc. It is stipulated in the "Ministerial Ordinance that Establishes Judgment Criteria for Wastes Containing Metals, etc. to be Discharged". When combining these tests, perform operations such as measuring the concentration in the eluate for some or all of the items stipulated by laws and regulations, and pass or fail based on the standard values stipulated for each item. judge.
本実施形態は、海域向け資材の製造方法に適用し、製造された海域向け資材のうち各試験で合格とされたもののみを合格品とすることが好ましい。
その際、上述した浮遊物量の判定試験で不合格となった海域向け資材については、粒度調整、洗浄又は水分含有量の調整のうち少なくともいずれかを行うことで、浮遊物量が減少し、該判定試験に合格となることがある。ここで、水分含有量の調整により浮遊物量が減少する理由は、微粒子の表面に存在する水同士が架橋することで生じる表面張力によって、微粒子同士が凝集して粗大化し、水中に沈降するためと考えられる。水分含有量を調製する際には、その量を2質量%〜20質量%とすることが好ましい。海域向け資材の水分含有量を2質量%以上とすることにより、微粒子同士に作用する表面張力が凝集に十分な大きさとなる。他方、海域向け資材の水分含有量を20質量%以下とすることにより、微粒子間の空隙が水で満たされることによる表面張力の低下を抑制できる。
なお、前述した粒度又は水分含有量の調整は、別途行われるpHの判定試験において不合格と判定された場合に必要な処置である粒度調整又は洗浄を兼ねることもできるため、実際の製造方法における処置が簡易になる点で好ましいものである。
This embodiment is applied to a method for manufacturing materials for marine areas, and it is preferable that only those manufactured materials for marine areas that have passed each test are accepted products.
At that time, for the materials for marine areas that failed the above-mentioned determination test of the amount of suspended matter, the amount of suspended matter was reduced by performing at least one of particle size adjustment, washing, and adjustment of the water content, and the determination was made. You may pass the exam. Here, the reason why the amount of suspended matter is reduced by adjusting the water content is that the fine particles aggregate and coarsen due to the surface tension generated by the cross-linking of water existing on the surface of the fine particles, and settle in water. Conceivable. When preparing the water content, it is preferable that the amount is 2% by mass to 20% by mass. By setting the water content of the material for marine areas to 2% by mass or more, the surface tension acting on the fine particles becomes sufficiently large for aggregation. On the other hand, by setting the water content of the material for the sea area to 20% by mass or less, it is possible to suppress a decrease in surface tension due to the filling of the voids between the fine particles with water.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned adjustment of the particle size or the water content can also serve as the particle size adjustment or cleaning, which is a necessary measure when it is determined to be unsuccessful in the pH determination test conducted separately, and therefore, in the actual production method. It is preferable in that the procedure is simplified.
以下、実施例により本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples.
塊状及び/又は粉状の海域向け資材として、5種類の脱リンスラグを使用し、pH上昇の判定試験、浮遊物量の判定試験、硫化物抑制能力の判定試験及び重金属等の溶出判定試験により、海域向け資材を評価した。図1に、評価のフローを示す。 Five types of derinsed lag are used as materials for lumpy and / or powdery marine areas, and the pH rise judgment test, suspended matter amount judgment test, sulfide suppression ability judgment test, and heavy metal elution judgment test are performed in the sea area. We evaluated the materials for the product. FIG. 1 shows the evaluation flow.
pH上昇の判定試験は、上掲した非特許文献1に記載の方法を採用した。合否判定の閾値は、水質汚濁防止法に係るpHの排水基準(海域)に規定される上限値の9.0とした。 For the pH increase determination test, the method described in Non-Patent Document 1 described above was adopted. The threshold value for pass / fail judgment was set to 9.0, which is the upper limit specified in the pH drainage standard (sea area) according to the Water Pollution Control Law.
pH上昇の判定試験で不合格となった海域向け資材は、再篩い処理により粒度調整を行った後、再度試験に供した。図1では2回目までの判定試験を示しているが、2回目の判定試験で不合格であったものでも、上限値に対しての超過が0.2以下と軽微なものについては、さらなる粒度調整又は洗浄を実施し、最大5回まで判定試験を行った。 Materials for marine areas that failed the pH increase determination test were subjected to the test again after adjusting the particle size by re-sieving treatment. FIG. 1 shows the judgment tests up to the second time, but even if the judgment test fails the second time, if the excess to the upper limit value is 0.2 or less, the particle size is further increased. Adjustment or cleaning was performed, and the judgment test was performed up to 5 times.
浮遊物量の判定試験は、以下の手順で行った。
まず、海域向け資材から、篩によって10mm以下の粒度のものを選別し、1.0kgの判定用試料を準備した。
次に、この判定用試料を、容積3Lの筒型容器中の2Lの人工海水中に投入した後、1日静置した。
次に、静置後に水面に残った浮遊物をスプーンで水ごと採集し、付着水分をろ過及び乾燥により除去した。
最後に、乾燥後の浮遊物の質量を測定し、0.005g以下となった場合を合格、それ以外の場合を不合格と判定した。
前述した判定用試料の投入から浮遊物の採集までの操作を、図2に模式的に示す。
The judgment test of the amount of suspended matter was carried out by the following procedure.
First, from the materials for marine areas, those having a particle size of 10 mm or less were selected by a sieve, and a 1.0 kg judgment sample was prepared.
Next, this determination sample was put into 2 L of artificial seawater in a cylindrical container having a volume of 3 L, and then allowed to stand for one day.
Next, the suspended matter remaining on the water surface after standing was collected together with the water with a spoon, and the adhering water was removed by filtration and drying.
Finally, the mass of the suspended matter after drying was measured, and when it was 0.005 g or less, it was determined to be acceptable, and in other cases, it was determined to be unacceptable.
FIG. 2 schematically shows the operation from the charging of the judgment sample to the collection of the suspended matter described above.
浮遊物量の判定試験で不合格となった海域向け資材は、洗浄処理を行って水分含有量を調整した後、再度試験に供した。図1では2回目までの判定試験を示しているが、2回目の判定試験で不合格であったものでも、上限値に対しての超過が0.001g以下と軽微なものについては、さらなる粒度調整、洗浄又は水分調整を実施し、最大5回まで判定試験を行った。 Materials for marine areas that failed the judgment test for the amount of suspended matter were subjected to cleaning treatment to adjust the water content, and then subjected to the test again. FIG. 1 shows up to the second judgment test, but even if the second judgment test fails, the particle size is further increased for those with a slight excess of 0.001 g or less with respect to the upper limit. Adjustment, washing or moisture adjustment was carried out, and the judgment test was carried out up to 5 times.
硫化物抑制能力の判定試験は、以下の手順で行った。
まず、人工海水に、硫化ナトリウム試薬をS換算で100mg/Lとなるように溶解させた後、蒸留水で2倍に希釈した濃塩酸にてpHを8.0〜8.2に調整して、溶存硫化物を含む水溶液を調製した。
次に、この水溶液300mLと判定対象の海域向け資材10gとを500mLのガラス製ねじ口瓶に入れて密栓し、両者を接触させた状態で200rpmの回転数にて振とうした。振とう時間は48時間とした。
次に、振とう後のねじ口瓶を開栓し、水溶液中に北川式硫化物用検知管を挿入して、該水溶液中の溶存硫化物濃度を測定した。
最後に、測定された溶存硫化物濃度(CS,t)の、初期の硫化物濃度(CS,0=100mg/L)からの減少量(ΔCS=CS,0−CS,t)から、海域向け資材に固定された硫化物の総質量を算出し、該総質量が800mg以上となった場合を合格、それ以外の場合を不合格と判定した。
前述したねじ口瓶の密栓から検知管の挿入までの操作を、図3に模式的に示す。
The judgment test of the sulfide suppression ability was carried out by the following procedure.
First, the sodium sulfide reagent was dissolved in artificial seawater so as to be 100 mg / L in terms of S, and then the pH was adjusted to 8.0 to 8.2 with concentrated hydrochloric acid diluted 2-fold with distilled water. , An aqueous solution containing dissolved sulfide was prepared.
Next, 300 mL of this aqueous solution and 10 g of the material for the sea area to be determined were placed in a 500 mL glass screw cap bottle, sealed tightly, and shaken at a rotation speed of 200 rpm in a state where they were in contact with each other. The shaking time was 48 hours.
Next, the screw cap bottle after shaking was opened, a Kitagawa-type sulfide detector tube was inserted into the aqueous solution, and the concentration of dissolved sulfide in the aqueous solution was measured.
Finally, the measured dissolved sulfide concentrations (C S, t), decrease from the initial sulfide concentration (C S, 0 = 100mg / L) (ΔC S = C S, 0 -C S, t ), The total mass of the sulfide fixed to the material for the sea area was calculated, and it was determined that the case where the total mass was 800 mg or more was passed and the other cases were rejected.
The operation from the sealing of the screw cap bottle to the insertion of the detector tube described above is schematically shown in FIG.
重金属等の溶出判定試験は、水底土砂に係る判定基準に基づいて行い、定められた項目の一部について、所定の範囲内にあるか否かを確認した。
以上の試験結果を、まとめて表1に示す。
The elution judgment test for heavy metals, etc. was conducted based on the judgment criteria for bottom sediment, and it was confirmed whether or not some of the specified items were within the specified range.
The above test results are summarized in Table 1.
資材1は、pHの上昇、浮遊物量、硫化物抑制能力及び重金属等の溶出の各判定試験に全て合格し、出荷判定が合格となった例である。
資材2は、pHの上昇判定試験において不合格となったものの、再篩いにより合格となり、浮遊物量の判定、硫化物抑制能力及び重金属等の溶出の各判定試験にも合格したことから、出荷判定が合格となった例である。
資材3は、浮遊物量の判定試験において不合格となったものの、水分含有量を2〜20質量%に調整する処置によって合格となり、pHの上昇、硫化物抑制能力及び重金属等の溶出の各判定試験にも合格したことから、出荷判定が合格となった例である。
資材4及び資材5は、硫化物抑制能力の判定試験が不合格のため、出荷判定が不合格となった例である。
以上のように、硫化物抑制能力の判定試験を含む各種判定試験により合否判定を行うことで、適当な資材を選別することができた。
Material 1 is an example in which the pH increase, the amount of suspended matter, the sulfide suppressing ability, and the elution of heavy metals and the like have all passed the determination tests, and the shipping determination has passed.
Although the material 2 failed the pH increase determination test, it passed the test by re-sieving, and passed the determination test of the amount of suspended matter, the ability to suppress sulfide, and the elution of heavy metals, etc. Is an example of passing.
Although the material 3 failed in the judgment test of the amount of suspended matter, it passed by the treatment for adjusting the water content to 2 to 20% by mass, and each judgment of pH increase, sulfide suppression ability and elution of heavy metals and the like was made. This is an example of passing the shipping judgment because it passed the test.
Material 4 and Material 5 are examples in which the shipping determination is unsuccessful because the determination test for the sulfide suppression ability is unsuccessful.
As described above, appropriate materials could be selected by performing pass / fail judgments by various judgment tests including a judgment test of sulfide suppression ability.
本発明によれば、海域向け資材の硫化物抑制能力を簡便な方法で判定できる。このため、海域向け資材の出荷前検査に本発明を適用すれば、硫化物抑制能力に着目した出荷の可否の判定が、短時間かつ低コストで実施できる点で有用である。また、本発明は、海域向け資材の浮遊物量の判定試験により、海域向け資材を水中に投入した際に水質汚濁の原因となる浮遊物の発生量を簡便な方法で判定できる点で有用である。さらに、本発明は、pHの上昇判定試験や重金属等の溶出判定試験を始めとする他の評価方法と組み合わせることで、従来は得ることができなかった海域向け資材に関する多くの情報を得ることができる点でも有用である。 According to the present invention, the sulfide suppression ability of a material for marine areas can be determined by a simple method. Therefore, if the present invention is applied to the pre-shipment inspection of materials for marine areas, it is useful in that it is possible to determine whether or not to ship the material focusing on the sulfide control ability in a short time and at low cost. Further, the present invention is useful in that the amount of suspended matter that causes water pollution when the material for sea area is put into water can be determined by a simple method by the determination test of the amount of suspended matter of the material for sea area. .. Furthermore, the present invention can obtain a lot of information on materials for marine areas, which could not be obtained in the past, by combining with other evaluation methods such as a pH increase determination test and a heavy metal elution determination test. It is also useful in that it can be done.
Claims (8)
一定の乾燥質量を有する塊状及び/又は粉状の海域向け資材を準備すること、
溶存硫化物濃度が一定(CS,0)の水溶液を準備すること、
該水溶液に前記海域向け資材を一定時間接触させること、
接触後の前記水溶液中の溶存硫化物濃度(CS,t)を測定すること、
該溶存硫化物濃度(CS,t)の、接触前の濃度(CS,0)からの減少量(ΔCS=CS,0−CS,t)に基づいて、前記海域向け資材の硫化物抑制能力を算出すること、及び
前記硫化物抑制能力が一定値以上となった海域向け資材を合格とすること、
による硫化物抑制能力の判定試験、並びに
一定の乾燥質量を有する塊状及び/又は粉状の海域向け資材を準備すること、
前記海域向け資材を水中に投入し、一定時間静置すること、
静置後に水面に浮遊する浮遊物を採集すること、
採集した前記浮遊物を乾燥すること、
乾燥した前記浮遊物の質量を測定すること、及び
前記浮遊物の乾燥質量が一定値以下となった海域向け資材を合格とすること、
による浮遊物量の判定試験を含む、海域向け資材の評価方法。 A method for evaluating bulk and / or powdery materials for marine areas.
Preparing bulk and / or powdery marine materials with a constant dry mass,
Preparing an aqueous solution with a constant dissolved sulfide concentration ( CS, 0),
Bringing the material for the sea area into contact with the aqueous solution for a certain period of time,
Measuring the dissolved sulfide concentration ( CS, t ) in the aqueous solution after contact,
Of solution exist sulfide concentration (C S, t), reduction of the concentration before the contact (C S, 0) (ΔC S = C S, 0 -C S, t) on the basis of, of the waters for Material To calculate the sulfide suppression capacity, and to pass the materials for sea areas where the sulfide suppression capacity exceeds a certain value.
Determination test of the sulfide suppression capability by, and
Preparing bulk and / or powdery marine materials with a constant dry mass,
Putting the materials for the sea area into the water and letting them stand for a certain period of time,
Collecting floating matter floating on the surface of the water after standing,
Drying the collected suspended matter,
Measuring the mass of the dried suspended matter, and
Accepting materials for marine areas where the dry mass of the suspended matter is below a certain value,
Evaluation method of materials for marine areas, including a test for determining the amount of suspended matter by.
製造された海域向け資材を請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の海域向け資材の評価方法で検査し、各判定試験で合格とされたもののみを合格品とすることを含む、海域向け資材の製造方法。 It is a manufacturing method of materials for marine areas.
The manufactured marine materials are inspected by the evaluation method for marine materials according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , and only those that pass each judgment test are accepted as acceptable products. Manufacturing method of materials for.
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