JP6980107B2 - Pressure sensor for vehicle occupant protection system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention is based on a pressure sensor for a vehicle occupant protection system according to the premise of the independent claim 1. Corresponding pressure sensor devices for vehicle occupant protection systems, including at least one such pressure sensor, are also the subject of the present invention.

Sensor devices installed in vehicle bumpers are used to detect pedestrian accidents. Systems based on two or more accelerometers (PCS-pedestrian collision sensors) are widespread. Recently, pressure tube based systems (PTS-pressure tube sensor) are also available. Systems based on such pressure tubes generally include two pressure sensors connected via an air-filled pressure tube. The pressure sensor for the vehicle occupant protection system includes a sensor housing and a base plate disposed inside the sensor housing, on which a measurement unit including a pressure sensor element and a sensor circuit is arranged. Here, the vehicle lateral pressure pipe is fitted into a notch in the form of the bumper located between the vehicle bumper cover and the bending cross member. In the event of a collision, the bending cross member acts as a receiving surface. Also, the pressure sensor distinguishes between the deformations of the two housings. A 0 degree deformation that is screwed into the vehicle structure or directly charged into the foam, and a 90 degree deformation that is charged only into the foam. The deformation of both housings is designed to be relatively large relative to the size of the measuring unit.

For pressure tube based systems, collisions of objects in the relevant area of the bumper increase the signal in the detection pressure sensor by compressing both the bumper cover and foam, and the pressure tubes located therein. Let me. The amplitude of the detected signal depends, among other things, on the mass and velocity of the colliding object. However, in practice, it may happen that the conventional mounting of the pressure tube based system on the front of the vehicle is not always possible due to the vehicle body. This means that, for example, when a system based on a pressure tube is mounted on the front of the vehicle, for example, the two outer pressure sensors cannot be optimally mounted on the vehicle structure due to lack of optimal installation conditions.

The pressure sensor for a vehicle occupant protection system and the corresponding pressure sensor device having the characteristics of the independent claim 1 are pedestrians for a occupant protection system in which the housing of the pressure sensor according to the present invention is known in the prior art. And / or has the advantage of being significantly smaller than conventional pressure sensors for forward collision detection. Embodiments of the pressure sensor according to the present invention can reduce manufacturing steps and costs, and reduce vehicle space and weight. Further, embodiments of the pressure sensor according to the present invention for a vehicle occupant protection system may be used for both a system based on a pressure tube at the front of the vehicle and side collision detection of a vehicle door or a vehicle side panel. can.

An embodiment of the present invention includes a sensor housing and a base plate arranged inside the sensor housing, on which a measurement unit including a pressure sensor element and a sensor circuit is arranged, a pressure sensor for a vehicle. I will provide a. Here, in the sensor housing, the connector is formed at the first end portion, the measurement space is formed at the second end portion, and the pressure to be measured exists in the measurement space. The base plate fluidly separates the connector from the measurement space, the pressure sensor element and sensor circuit are located in a common housing, and the pressure sensor element is fluidly connected to the measurement space via a pressure inflow path. There is.

Further, a pressure sensor device for a vehicle occupant protection system comprising at least one such pressure sensor is proposed to calculate the pressure in a predetermined pressure space of the vehicle.
Here, the sensor circuit can be understood as an electrical circuit and / or an electronic circuit that converts the detected physical variable, here the pressure, into a sensor signal and further processes or evaluates it. The sensor circuit can be implemented as, for example, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The sensor circuitry implemented as an ASIC can be mounted on the base plate and simultaneously connected to at least one connector pin, for example via a soldering process or a conductive bonding process. A pressure sensor element that can be connected to the ASIC via a bonding wire is arranged on the ASIC itself. The sensor signal generated by the pressure sensor can be output to, for example, a control device that processes or evaluates the detected sensor signal, particularly an airbag control device. The output signal can be further processed within the algorithm within the controller. If the algorithm detects that a crash or pedestrian collision has occurred, this trigger decision activates the vehicle's active restraint measures (such as airbags) to cause a pedestrian collision in front of the vehicle. It relaxes and protects the occupants of the vehicle in the event of a collision. Processed signals (raw signals, window integrals, integrals, derivatives, etc.) can be compared, for example, against thresholds to perform the required classification within the algorithm. When a predetermined number of related signals exceed those thresholds, the corresponding restraint means can be triggered in the vehicle.

The control device can have at least one interface that can be configured by hardware and / or software. In the case of a hardware configuration, the interface can be, for example, part of a so-called system ASIC, which includes various functions of the control device. However, the interface can be an individual integrated circuit, or at least partially composed of individual components. In the case of software configuration, the interface can be, for example, a software module present on a microcontroller, in addition to other software modules. Computer program products that have program code stored on a machine-readable medium such as semiconductor memory, hard disk memory, or optical memory and used to perform the evaluation when the program is performed by the controller are also advantageous.

The pressure sensor for the vehicle occupant protection system according to independent claim 1 and the pressure sensor for the vehicle occupant protection system according to independent claim 14, by means implemented in the dependent claims and further improvements. Advantageous improvements in the device are possible.

It is particularly advantageous that at least one connector pin is located on the connector, one end of which is embedded in the base plate and contacts the sensor circuit. At least one connector pin can be incorporated, for example, in an injection molding process for manufacturing a base plate. The sensor circuit can be connected to at least one connector pin via a soldering process or a conductive gluing process.

In an advantageous embodiment of the pressure sensor, the molding material can surround the pressure sensor element and the sensor circuit as a housing, and the pressure inflow path can be inserted into the molding material. This makes it possible to protect the pressure sensor element and the sensor circuit from slipping off and the influence of the environment. By forming the sensor circuit and pressure sensor element directly on the base plate, the additional module housing (LGA: LandGridArray, or SOIC) used in the measurement unit in the prior art is advantageously omitted. This can reduce the cost of additional packaging parts. Alternatively, the sensor circuit and pressure sensor element can be pre-assembled into an additional module housing (LGA or SOIC) and soldered to the base plate or at least one connector pin. In this case, the molding material on the base plate can be omitted. This does not save much, but modern LGAs or SOICs with pressure sensor elements or sensor circuits can be reused and only one housing adjustment is required to realize the present invention.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the pressure sensor, an anti-rotation device can be placed around the sensor housing. This allows the pressure sensor to be loaded into the vehicle bumper foam so that it does not rotate when used in a system based on a pressure tube at the front of the vehicle.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the pressure sensor, an insertion region can be formed at the second end of the sensor housing. The pressure sensor can be easily inserted into the corresponding end of the pressure tube through this insertion area. In addition, the pressure tube pushed into the insertion region can optionally be secured by a cable tie to prevent slipping over its useful life. In addition, an insertion slope can be configured in the insertion area to simplify or facilitate the indentation of the pressure tube or the insertion of the insertion area.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the pressure sensor, the sensor housing can be implemented with multiple components. In this case, the first housing portion can constitute a connector and a measurement space, which can be closed by a second housing portion having a passage that can be connected to the first housing portion via a connecting element. Advantageously, the connecting element can further constitute an anti-rotation device. The connecting element can be implemented, for example, as a clip closure, which allows the first housing portion of the pressure sensor to be connected to the pressure sensor together with the second housing portion to form the entire pressure sensor. A silicon seal that seals the measurement space to the outside can be attached between the housings.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the pressure sensor, the second housing portion can be configured as an insertion tube with a connecting channel as a passage to the measurement space. Air can flow from the pressure chamber of the pressure tube into the sensor through the connecting channel. In addition, the pressure tube pushed into the insertion tube can optionally be secured by a cable tie to prevent slipping over its useful life. In addition, an insertion ramp can be configured in the insertion tube to simplify or facilitate the push-in of the pressure tube or the insertion of the insertion tube. In the assembled state, the embodiment of the pressure sensor is not significantly thicker than the actual pressure tube. The outer diameter of the housing or the first housing portion or connector ideally corresponds to the outer diameter of the pressure tube.

In an alternative embodiment, the second housing portion can be configured as a cover with an opening as a passage to the measurement space. Air can flow from the pressure chamber into the sensor through the opening. This embodiment of the pressure sensor can be used, for example, for side collision detection of vehicle doors or vehicle side panels.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the pressure sensor, the sensor housing or housing portion can each be configured as a plastic injection molded part. Further, the base plate can be integrally configured with the sensor housing or the first housing portion as a plastic injection molded part. Implementation as a plastic injection molded part favorably enables the particularly inexpensive manufacture of pressure sensors as mass-produced products. Alternatively, the base plate can be configured as a printed circuit board that is fluidly connected to the sensor housing or the first housing portion.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the pressure sensor, the base plate can have at least one pressure compensating element that performs slow pressure compensation between the measurement space and the connector. This causes the pressure compensating element to exchange the ambient pressure with the internal pressures of the measurement space and the pressure space, thus causing the ambient pressure to always spread into the pressure space prior to collision.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the pressure sensor device, the pressure chamber can be configured in a pressure tube, each end of which is sealed by a pressure sensor. It is preferred that this pressure sensor device can be used at the front of the vehicle for pedestrian and / or front collision detection. For this, the insertion area of the insertion tube or sensor housing can be inserted into the pressure tube, and the outer diameter of the connector corresponds to the outer diameter of the pressure tube. The pressure tube and pressure sensor can be loaded into, for example, the notch in the foam of the bumper, and the anti-rotation device prevents the loaded pressure sensor from rotating.

In another embodiment of the pressure sensor device, the pressure chamber can be configured on the vehicle door or the side panel of the vehicle, and at least one pressure sensor can be attached to the pressure chamber.
Examples of the present invention are shown in the drawings and will be described in detail below. In the drawings, the same reference numerals indicate components or elements that perform the same or similar functions.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic perspective sectional view of a part of an embodiment of a pressure sensor device for a vehicle occupant protection system according to the present invention, which has a first embodiment of a pressure sensor for a vehicle occupant protection system according to the present invention. .. FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective sectional view of a pressure sensor for a vehicle occupant protection system according to the present invention in an assembled state. 1 and 2 are schematic perspective sectional views of individual housing portions of the pressure sensor for the vehicle occupant protection system according to the present invention. 2 is a schematic perspective sectional view of a second embodiment of a pressure sensor for a vehicle occupant protection system according to the present invention. FIG. 3 shows a schematic perspective sectional view of a third embodiment of a pressure sensor according to the present invention for a vehicle occupant protection system in an assembled state. FIG. 5 shows a schematic perspective sectional view of each housing portion of the pressure sensor for the vehicle occupant protection system according to the present invention. 1 to 6 are schematic cross-sectional views of an embodiment of a pressure sensor measuring unit according to the present invention. A schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a bumper having the pressure sensor device of FIG. 1 is shown.

As can be seen from FIGS. 1 to 8, the illustrated embodiments of the pressure sensors 10, 10A, 10B, and 10C for the vehicle occupant protection system according to the present invention are the sensor housing 20 and the inside of the sensor housing 20, respectively. A measurement unit 14 including a pressure sensor element 14.1 and a sensor circuit 14.2 is arranged on the base plate 12, including the base plate 12 arranged in the base plate 12. Here, the sensor housing 20 constitutes a connector 20A at the first end and a measurement space 28 at the second end where the pressure to be measured exists. The base plate 12 fluidly separates the connector 20A from the measurement space 28, the pressure sensor element 14.1 and the sensor circuit 14.2 are arranged in a common housing, and the pressure sensor element 14.1 is a pressure inflow path 14. It is fluidly connected to the measurement space 28 via 3.3.

As can be further seen from FIGS. 1 to 7, the housing 20 of the illustrated embodiment is implemented as a one-part or multi-part hollow cylinder in which a disk-shaped base plate 12 is arranged. Further, on the outer periphery of the housing 20, a rotation prevention device 25 implemented as a protrusion protruding from the outer periphery of the housing 20 is arranged. Further, in the illustrated embodiment of the pressure sensors 10, 10A, 10B, 10C according to the present invention, two connector pins 26 are arranged in the connector 20A, each of which is embedded in the base plate 12 at one end, and the sensor circuit 14.2. Contact.

As can be further seen from FIGS. 1 to 7, the connector pin 26 is attached to the base plate 12 of the pressure sensors 10, 10A, 10B and 10C to provide electrical contact with the sensor circuit 14.2. In the illustrated embodiment, the sensor circuit 14.2 is implemented as an ASIC fixed to the base plate 12 and at the same time connected to the connector pins 26 via, for example, a soldering process or a conductive bonding process. In the sensor circuit 14.2 itself implemented as an ASIC, there is a pressure sensor element 14.1 connected to the sensor circuit 14.2 implemented as an ASIC via a bond wire. In order to protect the sensor circuit 14.2 and the pressure sensor element 14.1 implemented as an ASIC from slipping off and the influence of the environment, the sensor circuit 14.2 implemented as an ASIC and the pressure sensor element 14.1 Both are surrounded by the molding material 18. However, the molding material 18 has a small pressure inflow path 14.3 that allows air to be pushed from the measurement space 28 to the pressure sensor element 14.1. Further, a pressure compensating element 16 is also arranged on the base plate 12. Since the pressure compensating element 16 causes the ambient pressure in the connector 20A to be slowly exchanged with the internal pressure in the measurement space 28, the ambient pressure always spreads in the measurement space 28 before the collision. In the illustrated embodiment, the pressure compensating element 16 is located in the center of the base plate 16. Of course, the pressure compensating element 16 can be arranged in another way, so that the sensor circuit 14.2 and the pressure sensor element 14.1 on the base plate 12 with the attached connector contacts are meaningfully arranged. It will be possible.

As can be further seen from FIG. 1, in the illustrated embodiment of the pressure sensor device 1 for the vehicle occupant protection system according to the present invention, at least one pressure sensor 10, 10A for calculating the pressure of a predetermined pressure chamber 3 of the vehicle. including. In the illustrated embodiment, the pressure chamber 3 is configured in a pressure tube 5 whose ends are closed by pressure sensors 10 and 10A, respectively. FIG. 1 shows one end of a pressure tube 5 provided with pressure sensors 10 and 10A that close the end of the pressure tube 5.

As can be further seen from FIGS. 1 to 3, the sensor housing 20 in the illustrated first embodiment of the pressure sensor 10A is implemented by a plurality of parts. Here, the first housing portion constitutes the connector 20A and the measurement chamber 28 which are closed by the second housing portion having the passage 24. The second housing portion is connected to the first housing portion via the connecting element 25A. The sensor housing 20 or the individual housing portions are each configured as a plastic injection molded part in the illustrated embodiment. In the first embodiment shown, the connecting element 25A simultaneously constitutes the rotation prevention device 25. Further, the second housing portion is implemented as an insertion tube 20B into which the pressure tube 5 is pushed or inserted into the pressure tube 5. Further, the pressed pressure tube 5 is secured so as not to slip by the mounting element 7 implemented as a binding band in the illustrated embodiment. Further, in the illustrated embodiment, the insertion inclined portion 22 is formed in the insertion tube 20B, and the insertion inclined portion 22 simplifies or facilitates the pushing of the pressure tube 5 or the insertion of the insertion tube 20B. The insertion tube 20B is a connection channel 24A as a passage 24 for connecting the measurement chamber 28 of the pressure sensor 10A configured between the two housing portions in the sensor device to the pressure chamber 3 in the pressure tube 3 in a fixed state. including. In the illustrated embodiment, the base plate 12 is also implemented as a plastic injection molded part integrated with the first housing portion. The plastic injection molded base plate 12 is connected to a connector 20A, which corresponds to a standard connector housing. The two connector pins 26 are charged into the sensor base plate 12 during the injection molding process. The connector pin 26 contacts the sensor circuit 14.2 on the base plate 12 via a corresponding control device (not shown) and a corresponding connector (not shown). Alternatively, the base plate 12 can be configured as a printed circuit board that is fluidly closely connected to the first housing portion and is in contact with the sensor circuit 14.2 and the connector pin 26. In the illustrated embodiment, the connecting element 25A is implemented as a clip closure, whereby the connector 20A of the pressure sensor 10A is connected to the insertion tube 20B to become the overall pressure sensor. As can be further seen from FIG. 1, the assembled pressure sensor 10A is not significantly thicker than the actual pressure tube 5, and ideally the outer diameter of the connector 20A is approximately the outer diameter of the pressure tube 5. Corresponds to. A seal that seals the measurement space 28 to the outside can be attached between the housing portions.

As can be further seen from FIG. 4, the housing 20 in the illustrated second embodiment of the pressure sensor 10B is integrally implemented. Here, the sensor housing 20 constitutes an insertion region 20C having a connector 20A at the first end and a measuring chamber 28 at the second end, and the pressure to be measured exists there. Similar to the first embodiment, the pressure tube 5 can be pushed into the insertion area 20C, or the insertion area 20C can be inserted into the pressure tube 5, whereby the measurement space 28 becomes the pressure space in the pressure tube 5. It is directly connected to 3. Further, the pushed pressure tube 5 can be secured so as not to slip by the mounting element 7 implemented as a binding band. An insertion slope can be configured in the insertion region 20C to facilitate insertion of the insertion region 20C or pushing of the pressure tube 5. The second embodiment of the pressure sensor 10B according to the present invention is also not significantly thicker than the actual pressure tube 5 in the assembled state. Ideally, the outer diameter of the connector 20A corresponds to the outer diameter of the pressure tube 5. In the illustrated embodiment, the base plate 12 is similarly implemented integrally with the housing 20 as a plastic injection molded part. Alternatively, the base plate 12 can be configured as a printed circuit board that is fluidly connected to the housing 20 and is in contact with the sensor circuit 14.2 and the connector pins 26.

As can be further seen from FIG. 8, the pressure tube 5 and the invisible pressure sensors 10A and 10B can be inserted into the notch 34.1 of the foam 34 of the bumper 30, and the rotation prevention device 25 can be inserted into the pressure sensor. Prevents rotation of 10A and 10B. As can be further seen from FIG. 8, the pressure tube 5 is in the foam 34 between the bumper cover 36 and the bending cross member 32 of the vehicle, which functions as a receiving surface in the event of a collision. Here, the collision of an object in the relevant region of the bumper 30 occurs in the detection pressure sensor 10 of the pressure sensor device 1 by compressing both the bumper cover 36 and the foam 34, as well as the pressure tube 5 contained therein. It leads to an increase in signal. The amplitude of the detected signal depends, among other things, on the mass and velocity of the colliding object.

As can be further seen from FIGS. 5 and 6, the sensor housing 20 in the third embodiment of the pressure sensor 10C shown is implemented by a plurality of parts. Here, the first housing portion constitutes the connector 20A and the measurement chamber 28 which are closed by the second housing portion including the passage 24, as in the first embodiment. Unlike the first embodiment, the second housing portion in the illustrated third embodiment of the pressure sensor 10C is configured as a cover 20D having an opening 24B as a passage 24 to the measurement space 28. Further, in the pressure sensor 10C according to the third embodiment shown, the pressure sensor 10C is arranged in the larger pressure chamber 3 during the normal operation before the collision, and the ambient pressure is present in both the connector 20A and the measurement chamber 28. Therefore, contrary to the above-described embodiment, the pressure compensating element 16 is not provided. Similar to the first embodiment, the second housing portion is connected to the first housing portion via a connecting element 25A that simultaneously functions as the rotation prevention device 25. In the illustrated embodiment, the housing portion and the base plate 12 are similarly plastic injection molded parts, and the base plate 12 is integrally implemented with the first housing portion. Alternatively, the base plate 12 can be configured as a printed circuit board that is fluid-tightly connected to the first housing portion and is in contact with the sensor circuit 14.2 and the connector pin 26. In the illustrated embodiment, the connecting element 25A is implemented as a clip closure, whereby the connector 20A of the pressure sensor 10C is connected to the cover 20C to become the overall pressure sensor. A seal for sealing the measurement space 28 to the outside can be attached between the housing portions. A third embodiment of the pressure sensor 10C can be arranged, for example, for side collision detection in a pressure chamber 3 in a vehicle door or vehicle side panel. The pressure sensor 10C is attached, for example, by clipping it to the door structure or the vehicle body structure of an existing vehicle.

Claims (18)

A sensor housing (20) and a base plate (12) arranged inside the sensor housing (20) are provided, and a pressure sensor element (14.1) and a sensor circuit (14.2) are provided on the base plate (12). A pressure sensor for the occupant protection system of the vehicle , which calculates the pressure of a predetermined pressure chamber (3) of the vehicle in which the measurement unit (14) including the above is arranged, the sensor housing (20). Consists of a connector (20A) at the first end, a measurement space (28) at the second end, a measurement target pressure exists in the measurement space (28), and the base plate (12). ) Fluidly separates the connector (20A) from the measurement space (28), the pressure sensor element (14.1) and the sensor circuit (14.2) are arranged in a common housing. The pressure sensor element (14.1) is fluidly connected to the measurement space (28) via a pressure inflow path (14.3), and the connector (20A) , the measurement space (28) , and the measurement space (28). And the pressure sensor (10, 10A, 10B, 10C), wherein the pressure chamber (3) is arranged side by side so as to form one tubular as a whole. 1. The pressure sensor (10, 10A, 10B, 10C) according to the above. The molding material (18) surrounds the pressure sensor element (14.1) and the sensor circuit (14.2) as a housing, and the pressure inflow path (14.3) is inserted into the molding material (18). The pressure sensor (10, 10A, 10B, 10C) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pressure sensor is characterized by the above. The pressure sensor (10, 10A, 10B, 10C) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rotation prevention device (25) is arranged around the sensor housing (20). .. The pressure sensor (10, 10B) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an insertion region (20C) is formed at a second end portion of the sensor housing (20). The sensor housing (20) is implemented by a plurality of parts, the first housing portion constitutes the connector (20A) and the measurement space (28), and the measurement space (28) is a connection element (25A). The pressure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pressure is closed by a second housing portion having a passage (24) connected to the first housing portion via the above. Sensors (10, 10A, 10C). The pressure sensor (10, 10A, 10C) according to claim 6, wherein the connection element (25A) constitutes the rotation prevention device (25). 6. 7. The pressure sensor (10, 10A) according to 7. 6. Or 7, the second housing portion is configured as a cover (20D) with an opening (24B) as a passage (24) to the measurement space (28). The pressure sensor (10, 10C) according to. The pressure sensor (10, 10A, 10B, according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the sensor housing (20) or the housing portion is configured as a plastic injection molded component, respectively. 10C). The pressure sensor (10) according to claim 10, wherein the base plate (12) is integrally configured with the sensor housing (20) or the first housing portion as a plastic injection molded part. 10A, 10B, 10C). The pressure sensor according to claim 10, wherein the base plate (12) is configured as a printed circuit board that is fluidly connected to the sensor housing (20) or the first housing portion. 10, 10A, 10B, 10C). 1. The base plate (12) is characterized by having at least one pressure compensating element (16) that performs low speed pressure compensating between the measuring space (28) and the connector (20A). The pressure sensor (10, 10A, 10B) according to any one of 12 to 12. A pressure sensor device (1) for a vehicle occupant protection system, comprising at least one pressure sensor (10, 10A, 10B, 10C) for calculating the pressure in a predetermined pressure chamber (3) of the vehicle, according to claim. The at least one pressure sensor (10, 10A, 10B, 10C) according to any one of 1 to 13 is implemented, the connector (20A) in the vehicle, the measurement space (28), and the measurement space (28). The pressure sensor device (1) is characterized in that the pressure chambers (3) are arranged side by side so as to form one tubular as a whole. 15. The 14th aspect of claim 14, wherein the pressure chamber (3) is configured in a pressure tube (5) whose ends are each sealed by a pressure sensor (10, 10A, 10B). Pressure sensor device (1). The insertion region (20C) of the insertion tube (20B) or the sensor housing (20) is inserted into the pressure tube (5), and the outer diameter of the connector (20A) is the outer diameter of the pressure tube (5). The pressure sensor device (1) according to claim 15, wherein the pressure sensor device (1) corresponds to the above. The pressure tube (5) and the pressure sensor (10, 10A, 10B) are embedded in the notch (34.1) of the foam (34) of the bumper (30), and the rotation prevention device (25) is provided. The pressure sensor device (1) according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the loaded pressure sensor (10, 10A, 10B) is prevented from rotating. The pressure chamber (3) is configured in a vehicle door or a vehicle side panel, and the at least one pressure sensor (10C) is attached to the pressure chamber (3). 14. The pressure sensor device (1) according to 14.

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