JP7016619B2 - Water absorption liquid, draw solution and forward osmosis water treatment method - Google Patents
Water absorption liquid, draw solution and forward osmosis water treatment method Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は気体との接触によって気体中の水分を吸収する水吸収液およびその再生方法に関する。また、本発明は正浸透法におけるドロー溶液及び正浸透水処理方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a water absorbing liquid that absorbs water in a gas by contact with a gas and a method for regenerating the water absorbing liquid. The present invention also relates to a draw solution and a forward osmosis water treatment method in the forward osmosis method.
気体中の水分を吸収する技術として、特許文献１には吸湿性液体として、ポリエチレングリコール（Ｍ＝４００）、トリエチレングリコールおよびテトラエチレングリコールを使用する除湿装置に関する技術が記載されている。
特許文献２には吸収液としてトリエチレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール、グリセリンなどの群から選ばれた有機系水溶液又は塩化リチウム、臭化リチウム、ヨウ化リチウム、塩化カルシウムなどの群から選ばれた無機系水溶液を使用する湿式デシカント空調機に関する技術が記載されている。
特許文献３には吸湿液としてエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、及び、トリプロピレングリコールを使用する低温調湿装置に関する技術が記載されている。
As a technique for absorbing water in a gas, Patent Document 1 describes a technique relating to a dehumidifying device using polyethylene glycol (M = 400), triethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol as a hygroscopic liquid.
Patent Document 2 describes an organic aqueous solution selected from the group of triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, glycerin and the like as an absorbent, or an inorganic solution selected from the group of lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, calcium chloride and the like. A technique relating to a wet desiccant air conditioner using an aqueous solution is described.
Patent Document 3 describes a technique relating to a low temperature humidity control device using ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and tripropylene glycol as a moisture absorbing liquid.
しかし、特許文献１に記載された技術では、吸湿性液体を多孔質膜に保持させ、多孔質膜の一方の面で吸湿し、他方の面を減圧することで吸湿した水分を水蒸気として除去し吸湿性液体を再生している。
特許文献２に記載された技術では、水分を吸収した吸収液を膜分離装置で水分を気化させることで除去している。
特許文献１および２の技術では、吸湿性液体または吸収液の再生に減圧を必要とし減圧装置とエネルギーを要する
特許文献３に記載された技術では、水分を吸収した吸湿液に温風を接触させて水分を蒸発させることで除去している。この技術では水分を常圧で蒸発させる必要があり、高温を必要とする。
以上のように、従来の技術は課題を有している。
However, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, a hygroscopic liquid is held in a porous membrane, moisture is absorbed by one surface of the porous membrane, and the moisture absorbed by depressurizing the other surface is removed as water vapor. Regenerating hygroscopic liquid.
In the technique described in Patent Document 2, the absorbing liquid that has absorbed the water is removed by vaporizing the water with a membrane separation device.
In the techniques of Patent Documents 1 and 2, decompression is required to regenerate the hygroscopic liquid or the absorbent liquid, which requires a decompression device and energy. In the technique described in Patent Document 3, warm air is brought into contact with the hygroscopic liquid that has absorbed moisture. It is removed by evaporating the water. This technique requires evaporation of water at normal pressure and requires high temperatures.
As described above, the conventional technology has a problem.
次に、正浸透法は、濃度すなわち浸透圧が異なる二種類の溶液を、半透膜を介して接触させ、これらの二種類の溶液の浸透圧差を小さくする方向に、すなわち濃度が低い溶液から濃度が高い溶液に水が移動する現象を利用するものである。ここで浸透圧が低い溶液を供給液、浸透圧が高い溶液をドロー溶液（水吸収液）と呼ぶ。
本発明者は、ドロー溶液としてグリコールエーテル系の水溶性液体化合物に関する技術を出願している（特許文献４）。
Next, in the forward osmosis method, two kinds of solutions having different concentrations, that is, osmotic pressures are brought into contact with each other through a semipermeable membrane, and the difference in osmotic pressure between these two kinds of solutions is reduced, that is, from a solution having a low concentration. It utilizes the phenomenon that water moves to a solution with high concentration. Here, a solution having a low osmotic pressure is called a supply liquid, and a solution having a high osmotic pressure is called a draw solution (water absorption liquid).
The present inventor has applied for a technique relating to a glycol ether-based water-soluble liquid compound as a draw solution (Patent Document 4).
しかし、特許文献４に記載された技術では、ドロー溶液にグリコールエーテル系の水溶性液体化合物を使用するため、長期間の使用に際し過酸化物を生じる懸念がある。
以上のように、従来の技術は課題を有している。
However, in the technique described in Patent Document 4, since a glycol ether-based water-soluble liquid compound is used in the draw solution, there is a concern that peroxide may be generated during long-term use.
As described above, the conventional technology has a problem.
本発明の目的は、水分を吸収した希薄水吸収液を高濃度化して再生利用することが容易で、また低粘度な水吸収液を提供することである。
また、本発明の目的は、過酸化物を生じる危険の少ない非エーテル系化合物をドロー溶液として使用し、希薄ドロー溶液を高濃度化して再生利用することが容易で、また低粘度でしかも高浸透圧なドロー溶液を提供し、そのドロー溶液を用いた正浸透水処理方法を提供することである。
An object of the present invention is to provide a water absorbing liquid having a high concentration of a dilute water absorbing liquid that has absorbed water and easily reusing it, and having a low viscosity.
Further, an object of the present invention is to use a non-ether compound having a low risk of producing peroxide as a draw solution, to easily increase the concentration of the dilute draw solution and recycle it, and to have low viscosity and high penetration. It is to provide a pressure draw solution and to provide a forward osmotic water treatment method using the draw solution.
上記課題を解決するために、本発明者は鋭意検討を行った結果、本発明を完成した。すなわち、本発明は、以下の技術的手段から構成される。
〔１〕 水分を含む気体と接触することにより水分を吸収して希薄溶液となり水分を吸収する能力が低下した水吸収液を、下限臨界溶液温度より高い温度に加熱することで相分離させ、液体－液体の分液により水分を分離し水吸収液を高濃度化して再生可能である水吸収液であって、前記水吸収液が一般式（１）で示される水溶性化合物または一般式（１）で示される水溶性化合物と水からなることを特徴とする水吸収液。
〔２〕 前記一般式（１）の水溶性化合物が、Ｎ，Ｎ－ジプロピルアセトアミド、Ｎ，Ｎ－ジイソプロピルアセトアミド、Ｎ－プロピルプロパンアミド、Ｎ－イソプロピルプロパンアミド、Ｎ，Ｎ－ジエチルブタンアミド及びＮ，Ｎ－ジメチルヘキサンアミドのいずれかであることを特徴とする前記〔１〕に記載の水吸収液。
〔３〕 水分を含む溶液と半透膜を介して接触させるドロー溶液であって、前記ドロー溶液が前記〔１〕又は前記〔２〕に記載の水吸収液からなることを特徴とするドロー溶液。
〔４〕 前記〔３〕に記載のドロー溶液と、水分を含む供給溶液とを半透膜を介して接触させることで、供給溶液中の水分をドロー溶液に吸収させることを特徴とする正浸透水処理方法。
〔５〕 供給溶液から水分を吸収した希薄ドロー溶液を下限臨界溶液温度より高い温度に加熱することで相分離させ、液体‐液体の分液により水分を分離しドロー溶液を高濃度化して再生することを特徴とする前記〔４〕に記載の正浸透水処理方法。
In order to solve the above problems, the present inventor has completed the present invention as a result of diligent studies. That is, the present invention is composed of the following technical means.
[1] A water-absorbing liquid that absorbs water by contacting with a gas containing water to form a dilute solution and whose ability to absorb water is reduced is phase-separated by heating to a temperature higher than the lower limit critical solution temperature to form a liquid. -A water-absorbing liquid that can be regenerated by separating water by separating the liquid to increase the concentration of the water-absorbing liquid, and the water-absorbing liquid is a water-soluble compound represented by the general formula (1) or a general formula (1). ) Is a water absorbent characterized by consisting of a water-soluble compound and water.
[2] The water-soluble compound of the general formula (1) is N, N-dipropylacetamide, N, N-diisopropylacetamide, N-propylpropaneamide, N-isopropylpropaneamide, N, N-diethylbutaneamide and The water absorbing solution according to the above [1], which is any of N and N-dimethylhexaneamide.
[3] A draw solution that is brought into contact with a solution containing water via a semipermeable membrane, wherein the draw solution comprises the water absorbing solution according to the above [1] or the above [2]. ..
[4] A forward osmosis characterized in that the water in the supply solution is absorbed by the draw solution by contacting the draw solution according to the above [3] with the supply solution containing water through a semipermeable membrane. Water treatment method.
[5] The dilute draw solution that has absorbed water from the supply solution is phase-separated by heating it to a temperature higher than the lower limit critical solution temperature, and the water is separated by liquid-liquid separation to increase the concentration of the draw solution and regenerate it. The positive osmosis water treatment method according to the above [4].
本発明によれば、水分を吸収した希薄水吸収液を高濃度化して再生利用することが容易で、また低粘度な水吸収液を提供することが可能である。 According to the present invention, it is easy to increase the concentration of the dilute water absorbing liquid that has absorbed water and recycle it, and it is possible to provide a water absorbing liquid having a low viscosity.
本発明によれば、希薄ドロー溶液からドロー溶質と水とを分離しドロー溶液を高濃度化して再生利用することが容易なドロー溶液を提供することが可能である。また、本発明によれば、低粘度でしかも高浸透圧なドロー溶液を提供することが可能である。
また、本発明の水吸収液は、長期間使用しても過酸化物を生じる懸念がないという特徴も有している。
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a draw solution that can be easily recycled by separating the draw solute and water from the dilute draw solution and increasing the concentration of the draw solution. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a draw solution having a low viscosity and a high osmotic pressure.
Further, the water absorbent of the present invention is also characterized in that there is no concern that peroxide will be generated even if it is used for a long period of time.
また、本発明によれば、低エネルギーで処理水から水分を吸収できる正浸透水処理方法を提供することが可能である。 Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a forward osmosis water treatment method capable of absorbing water from treated water with low energy.
本発明の水吸収液は、水との混合物が下限臨界溶液温度を有し、水分を含む気体と接触することにより水分を吸収して希薄溶液となり水分を吸収する能力が低下した水吸収液を、下限臨界溶液温度より高い温度に加熱することで相分離させ、液体‐液体の分液により水分を分離し水吸収液を高濃度化して再生可能である水吸収液であって、前記〔１〕に記載の一般式（１）で示される水溶性化合物または一般式（１）で示される水溶性化合物と水からなることを特徴とする水吸収液である。 The water-absorbing liquid of the present invention is a water-absorbing liquid in which a mixture with water has a lower limit critical solution temperature, and when it comes into contact with a gas containing water, it absorbs water to become a dilute solution and its ability to absorb water is reduced. A water-absorbing liquid that can be regenerated by separating the phases by heating to a temperature higher than the lower limit critical solution temperature and separating water by liquid-liquid separation to increase the concentration of the water-absorbing liquid. ] The water-absorbing liquid is characterized by being composed of the water-soluble compound represented by the general formula (1) or the water-soluble compound represented by the general formula (1) and water.
前記〔１〕に記載の一般式（１）において、Ｒ１、Ｒ２、Ｒ３の炭素数の和が４以下の水溶性液体化合物では任意の割合で純水と混和するが、体積比１：１の水溶液を加熱しても相分離することはなく下限臨界溶液温度を有しない。また炭素数の和が８以上では体積比１：１で純水と混和しない。 In the general formula (1) described in the above [1], a water-soluble liquid compound having a sum of carbon atoms of R1, R2, and R3 of 4 or less is miscible with pure water at an arbitrary ratio, but has a volume ratio of 1: 1. Even if the aqueous solution is heated, it does not undergo phase separation and does not have a lower limit critical solution temperature. When the sum of carbon atoms is 8 or more, the volume ratio is 1: 1 and the mixture is not miscible with pure water.
さらに好ましい前記一般式（１）で示される水溶性液体化合物としては、Ｎ，Ｎ－ジプロピルアセトアミド、Ｎ，Ｎ－ジイソプロピルアセトアミド、Ｎ－プロピルプロパンアミド、Ｎ－イソプロピルプロパンアミド、Ｎ，Ｎ－ジエチルブタンアミド及びＮ，Ｎ－ジメチルヘキサンアミドを例示することができる。 Further preferable water-soluble liquid compounds represented by the general formula (1) are N, N-dipropylacetamide, N, N-diisopropylacetamide, N-propylpropaneamide, N-isopropylpropaneamide, N, N-diethyl. Butaneamide and N, N-dimethylhexaneamide can be exemplified.
そして、前記〔１〕に記載の一般式（１）で示される水溶性液体化合物は、温度１０～２０℃以下において任意の割合で純水と混和し、純水と緩やかにかき混ぜた場合に、流動がおさまった後も当該混合液が均一な外観を維持する。そして、前記水溶性液体化合物と水との混合物は、下限臨界溶液温度を有する。 Then, the water-soluble liquid compound represented by the general formula (1) described in the above [1] is miscible with pure water at an arbitrary ratio at a temperature of 10 to 20 ° C. or lower, and is gently stirred with pure water. The mixed solution maintains a uniform appearance even after the flow has subsided. The mixture of the water-soluble liquid compound and water has a lower critical solution temperature.
本発明の水吸収液は、前記一般式（１）で示される水溶性液体化合物（以下、「」を単独で用いることができるが、前記一般式（１）で示される２種類以上の水溶性液体化合物の混合物として用いても良い。
又、前記一般式（１）で示される水溶性液体化合物又は前記混合物（以下、「本発明の水溶性化合物」と称する場合がある。）と水からなる水溶液として用いても良い。その場合、本発明の水溶性化合物と水の組成比は、気体から水分を吸収できれば制限はないが、気体からの吸水量を多くするためには、本発明の水溶性化合物の組成比はできるだけ大きいほうが好ましい。通常は、水吸収液中に５０％以上の本発明の水溶性化合物を含む必要がある。
In the water absorbent of the present invention, the water-soluble liquid compound represented by the general formula (1) (hereinafter, "" can be used alone, but two or more kinds of water-soluble compounds represented by the general formula (1) can be used alone. It may be used as a mixture of liquid compounds.
Further, it may be used as an aqueous solution consisting of the water-soluble liquid compound represented by the general formula (1) or the mixture (hereinafter, may be referred to as "water-soluble compound of the present invention") and water. In that case, the composition ratio of the water-soluble compound of the present invention and water is not limited as long as it can absorb water from the gas, but in order to increase the amount of water absorbed from the gas, the composition ratio of the water-soluble compound of the present invention is as much as possible. Larger is preferable. Normally, it is necessary to contain 50% or more of the water-soluble compound of the present invention in the water absorbent.
本発明のドロー溶液は、水分を含む溶液と半透膜を介して接触させるドロー溶液であって、前記ドロー溶液は、前記〔１〕に記載の一般式（１）で示される水溶性液体化合物または前記一般式（１）で示される水溶性液体化合物と水からなる溶液である。 The draw solution of the present invention is a draw solution that is brought into contact with a solution containing water via a semipermeable membrane, and the draw solution is a water-soluble liquid compound represented by the general formula (1) described in the above [1]. Alternatively, it is a solution composed of a water-soluble liquid compound represented by the general formula (1) and water.
本発明のドロー溶液は、前記一般式（１）で示される水溶性液体化合物を単独で用いることができるが、前記一般式（１）で示される２種類以上の水溶性液体化合物の混合物として用いても良い。
又、前記一般式（１）で示される水溶性液体化合物又は前記混合物と水からなる水溶液として用いても良い。その場合、本発明の水溶性化合物と水の組成比は、前記供給溶液よりも高い浸透圧が達成できれば制限はないが、前記供給溶液からの給水量を多くするためには、また前記供給溶液の濃縮倍率を大きくするためには、本発明の水溶性化合物の組成比はできるだけ大きいほうが好ましい。通常は、ドロー溶液中に３０％以上の本発明の水溶性化合物を含む必要がある。
In the draw solution of the present invention, the water-soluble liquid compound represented by the general formula (1) can be used alone, but it is used as a mixture of two or more kinds of water-soluble liquid compounds represented by the general formula (1). May be.
Further, it may be used as a water-soluble liquid compound represented by the general formula (1) or an aqueous solution composed of the mixture and water. In that case, the composition ratio of the water-soluble compound and water of the present invention is not limited as long as a higher osmotic pressure than the feed solution can be achieved, but in order to increase the amount of water supplied from the feed solution, the feed solution is also used. In order to increase the concentration ratio of the water-soluble compound of the present invention, it is preferable that the composition ratio of the water-soluble compound of the present invention is as large as possible. Normally, it is necessary to contain 30% or more of the water-soluble compound of the present invention in the draw solution.
続いて、本発明の正浸透水処理方法の手順について説明する。図１は、ドロー溶液として一般式（１）で示される水溶性液体化合物と水からなるドロー溶液を用いる場合の本発明の正浸透水処理方法の処理手順を示したフローチャート図である。 Subsequently, the procedure of the forward osmosis water treatment method of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a treatment procedure of the forward osmosis water treatment method of the present invention when a draw solution composed of a water-soluble liquid compound represented by the general formula (1) and water is used as the draw solution.
まず、一般式（１）で示される水溶性液体と水と混合しドロー溶液を調製する第一ステップ（Ｓ０１）を実施する。なお、この第一ステップ（Ｓ０１）は、ドロー溶液として一般式（１）で示される水溶性液体化合物と水からなるドロー溶液を用いる場合は省略することができる。次いで、ドロー溶液と供給溶液とを半透膜を介して接触させ、供給溶液の水分をドロー溶液に吸収させる第二ステップ（Ｓ０２）を実施する。続いて、水分を吸収した希薄ドロー溶液を下限臨界溶液温度（ＬＣＳＴ）より高い温度に加熱し、密度に応じて上層と下層に水溶性液体層と水層とに相分離させる第三ステップ（Ｓ０３）を実施する。さらに続いて、下層または上層の水層を清澄水として回収し、同時に上層または下層の高濃度化した水溶性液体層を回収する第四ステップ（Ｓ０４）を実施する。 First, the first step (S01) of preparing a draw solution by mixing the water-soluble liquid represented by the general formula (1) with water is carried out. This first step (S01) can be omitted when a draw solution composed of a water-soluble liquid compound represented by the general formula (1) and water is used as the draw solution. Next, the second step (S02) is carried out in which the draw solution and the supply solution are brought into contact with each other via the semipermeable membrane, and the water content of the supply solution is absorbed by the draw solution. Subsequently, the dilute draw solution that has absorbed water is heated to a temperature higher than the lower limit critical solution temperature (LCST), and the upper layer and the lower layer are phase-separated into a water-soluble liquid layer and an aqueous layer according to the density (S03). ). Further, a fourth step (S04) is carried out in which the lower or upper aqueous layer is recovered as clear water, and at the same time, the high-concentration water-soluble liquid layer of the upper or lower layer is recovered.
第一ステップ（Ｓ０１）では、水溶性液体と水分とを所定の組成比で混合しドロー溶液を調製する。水は使用せず水溶性液体をそのままドロー溶液とすることもできる。第一ステップはドロー液調製容器で行ってもよいし、後述のドロー液／水分離システム内で行ってもよい。またドロー溶質として水と任意の割合で混和する水溶性液体化合物を用いることで、高濃度ドロー溶液を調製することができる。 In the first step (S01), a water-soluble liquid and water are mixed at a predetermined composition ratio to prepare a draw solution. A water-soluble liquid can be used as a draw solution as it is without using water. The first step may be performed in the draw liquid preparation container or in the draw liquid / water separation system described later. Further, a high-concentration draw solution can be prepared by using a water-soluble liquid compound that is miscible with water at an arbitrary ratio as the draw solute.
第二ステップ（Ｓ０２）では、ドロー溶液と供給溶液とを半透膜を介して接触させさせることで、供給溶液中の水分をドロー溶液に吸収させる。
前記の供給溶液は、供給溶液中の水分を除去して他の成分を濃縮させる必要があるものであれば特に限定されないが、例示すると、海水、各種排水、嗜好飲料、果汁、有用物質含有希薄溶液などを挙げることができる。
また、前記半透膜としては、とくに限定はされず、通常は市販の半透膜を使用することができる。
In the second step (S02), the draw solution and the feed solution are brought into contact with each other via the semipermeable membrane, so that the water in the feed solution is absorbed by the draw solution.
The above-mentioned feed solution is not particularly limited as long as it is necessary to remove water in the feed solution to concentrate other components, but for example, seawater, various wastewaters, favorite beverages, fruit juices, and dilute containing useful substances. Examples include solutions.
The semipermeable membrane is not particularly limited, and a commercially available semipermeable membrane can be usually used.
前記のようにドロー溶液は高浸透圧なので、供給溶液から効率良く水分を吸収することができる。浸透圧の低い供給溶液から浸透圧の高いドロー溶液への水分の吸収は正浸透という現象で自然に起こるので、第二ステップ（Ｓ０２）では、供給溶液から低エネルギーで水分を吸収することができる。本発明の正浸透水処理方法を供給溶液濃縮の目的で使用する場合は、第二ステップで水分を吸収され濃縮された供給溶液が目的物となる。第二ステップは水分吸収システム内で実施される。 As described above, since the draw solution has a high osmotic pressure, water can be efficiently absorbed from the supply solution. Since the absorption of water from the supply solution with low osmotic pressure to the draw solution with high osmotic pressure occurs naturally by the phenomenon of forward osmosis, in the second step (S02), water can be absorbed from the supply solution with low energy. .. When the forward osmosis water treatment method of the present invention is used for the purpose of concentrating the feed solution, the feed solution that has been absorbed and concentrated in the second step is the target product. The second step is carried out within the moisture absorption system.
第三ステップ（Ｓ０３）では、水分を吸収した希薄ドロー溶液を下限臨界溶液温度（ＬＣＳＴ）より高い温度に加熱する。下限臨界溶液温度（ＬＣＳＴ）より高い温度に加熱することで、希薄ドロー溶液は溶質である水溶性液体と水とに相分離する。水溶性液体の密度が１．００よりも小さい場合は、下層が水層、上層が水溶性液体層になり、水溶性液体の密度が１．００よりも大きい場合は、下層が水溶性液体層、上層が水層になる。第三ステップはドロー液／水分離システム内で実施される。 In the third step (S03), the diluted draw solution that has absorbed water is heated to a temperature higher than the lower limit critical solution temperature (LCST). By heating to a temperature higher than the lower limit critical solution temperature (LCST), the dilute draw solution is phase-separated into a water-soluble liquid which is a solute and water. If the density of the water-soluble liquid is less than 1.00, the lower layer is the aqueous layer, the upper layer is the water-soluble liquid layer, and if the density of the water-soluble liquid is higher than 1.00, the lower layer is the water-soluble liquid layer. , The upper layer becomes an aqueous layer. The third step is carried out within the draw liquid / water separation system.
第四ステップ（Ｓ０４）では、下層または上層の水層と上層または下層の高濃度水溶性液体層を分離する。ドロー溶質は液体なので、この分離には濾過システムは必要なく、分液により容易に分離を行うことができる。第四ステップで分離した高濃度水溶性液体はそのまま第一ステップ（Ｓ０１）のドロー溶液として用いることができる。 In the fourth step (S04), the lower or upper aqueous layer and the upper or lower high-concentration water-soluble liquid layer are separated. Since the draw solute is a liquid, this separation does not require a filtration system and can be easily separated by liquid separation. The high-concentration water-soluble liquid separated in the fourth step can be used as it is as the draw solution in the first step (S01).
第四ステップで分離した水層は清澄水として回収する。本発明の正浸透水処理方法で得られる清澄水には、ドロー溶質が混入している可能性があり、清澄水は用途に応じて更なる精製工程を経る。例えば蒸溜や逆浸透膜による純水の獲得である。本発明の清澄水の不純物はドロー溶質のみであり、供給溶液から直接蒸溜や逆浸透膜により純水の獲得する場合よりも装置への負荷が小さくなる。たとえば、蒸溜の際の不純物の混入が非常に小さい、装置の腐食がない、蒸溜残渣を生じない、逆浸透膜のファウリングや劣化が非常に小さい、などの利点がある。 The aqueous layer separated in the fourth step is collected as clear water. The clear water obtained by the forward osmosis water treatment method of the present invention may contain a draw solute, and the clear water undergoes a further purification step depending on the intended use. For example, acquisition of pure water by distillation or reverse osmosis membrane. The only impurity in the clear water of the present invention is the draw solute, and the load on the apparatus is smaller than when pure water is obtained by distillation directly from the feed solution or by a reverse osmosis membrane. For example, there are advantages such as very small contamination of impurities during distillation, no corrosion of the device, no distillation residue, and very little fouling and deterioration of the reverse osmosis membrane.
図２は、本発明の正浸透水処理方法を実施するための装置の一例を示す模式図である。 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an apparatus for carrying out the forward osmosis water treatment method of the present invention.
［合成実施例１］
ジイソプロピルアミン４６ｇおよびトリエチルアミン５１ｇをジクロロメタン２００ｍＬに溶解した。この溶液を氷浴で冷却しながら塩化アセチル２２ｇをジクロロメタン１００ｍＬに溶解した溶液を滴下した。反応液を室温で３時間攪拌した。反応液に水２００ｍＬを加え有機相を分離した。有機相を２ｍｏｌ／Ｌの塩酸１００ｍＬで２回、次いで飽和炭酸水素ナトリウムで１回洗浄した。得られた溶液を無水硫酸マグネシウムで脱水した後、溶媒を減圧溜去し油状のＮ，Ｎ－ジイソプロピルアセトアミド３１ｇを得た。
１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ／ＣＤＣｌ３ δ／ｐｐｍ：３．９０（１Ｈ、ｍ）、３．５３（１Ｈ、ｍ）、２．０７（３Ｈ、ｓ）、１．３７（６Ｈ、ｄ）、１．２１（６Ｈ、ｄ）
[Synthesis Example 1]
46 g of diisopropylamine and 51 g of triethylamine were dissolved in 200 mL of dichloromethane. While cooling this solution in an ice bath, a solution prepared by dissolving 22 g of acetyl chloride in 100 mL of dichloromethane was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. 200 mL of water was added to the reaction solution to separate the organic phase. The organic phase was washed twice with 100 mL of 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid and then once with saturated sodium bicarbonate. After dehydrating the obtained solution with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 31 g of oily N, N-diisopropylacetamide.
1H-NMR / CDCl3 δ / ppm: 3.90 (1H, m), 3.53 (1H, m), 2.07 (3H, s), 1.37 (6H, d), 1.21 (6H) , D)
［合成実施例２］
ｎ－プロピルアミン１８ｇおよびトリエチルアミン４４ｇをジクロロメタン２００ｍＬに溶解した。この溶液を氷浴で冷却しながら塩化プロパノイル２１ｇをジクロロメタン１００ｍＬに溶解した溶液を滴下した。反応液を室温で３時間攪拌した。反応液に水２００ｍＬを加え有機相を分離した。有機相を２ｍｏｌ／Ｌの塩酸１００ｍＬで２回、次いで飽和炭酸水素ナトリウムで１回洗浄した。得られた溶液を無水硫酸マグネシウムで脱水した後、溶媒を減圧溜去し油状のＮ－プロピルプロパンアミド２２ｇを得た。
１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ／ＣＤＣｌ３ δ／ｐｐｍ：６．６８（１Ｈ、ｂｒｓ）、３．１９（２Ｈ、ｑ）、２．２３（２Ｈ、ｑ）、１．５１（２Ｈ、ｍ）、１．１５（３Ｈ、ｔ）、０．９２（３Ｈ、ｔ）
[Synthesis Example 2]
18 g of n-propylamine and 44 g of triethylamine were dissolved in 200 mL of dichloromethane. While cooling this solution in an ice bath, a solution prepared by dissolving 21 g of propanoyl chloride in 100 mL of dichloromethane was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. 200 mL of water was added to the reaction solution to separate the organic phase. The organic phase was washed twice with 100 mL of 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid and then once with saturated sodium bicarbonate. After dehydrating the obtained solution with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 22 g of oily N-propylpropaneamide.
1H-NMR / CDCl3 δ / ppm: 6.68 (1H, brs), 3.19 (2H, q), 2.23 (2H, q), 1.51 (2H, m), 1.15 (3H) , T), 0.92 (3H, t)
［合成実施例３］
イソプロピルアミン４１ｇをジクロロメタン２００ｍＬに溶解した。この溶液を氷浴で冷却しながら塩化プロパノイル２４ｇをジクロロメタン１００ｍＬに溶解した溶液を滴下した。反応液を室温で３時間攪拌した。反応液に水２００ｍＬを加え有機相を分離した。有機相を２ｍｏｌ／Ｌの塩酸１００ｍＬで２回、次いで飽和炭酸水素ナトリウムで１回洗浄した。得られた溶液を無水硫酸マグネシウムで脱水した後、溶媒を減圧溜去し固体状のＮ－イソプロピルプロパンアミド２４ｇを得た。
１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ／ＣＤＣｌ３ δ／ｐｐｍ：５．５５（１Ｈ，ｂｒｓ）、４．０７（１Ｈ、ｍ）、２．１５（２Ｈ、ｑ）、１．１４（６Ｈ＋３Ｈ、ｍ）
[Synthesis Example 3]
41 g of isopropylamine was dissolved in 200 mL of dichloromethane. While cooling this solution in an ice bath, a solution prepared by dissolving 24 g of propanoyl chloride in 100 mL of dichloromethane was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. 200 mL of water was added to the reaction solution to separate the organic phase. The organic phase was washed twice with 100 mL of 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid and then once with saturated sodium bicarbonate. After dehydrating the obtained solution with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 24 g of solid N-isopropylpropanamide.
1H-NMR / CDCl3 δ / ppm: 5.55 (1H, brass), 4.07 (1H, m), 2.15 (2H, q), 1.14 (6H + 3H, m)
［合成実施例４］
ジエチルアミン７７ｇをジクロロメタン２００ｍＬに溶解した。この溶液を氷浴で冷却しながら塩化ブタノイル５１ｇをジクロロメタン１００ｍＬに溶解した溶液を滴下した。反応液を室温で３時間攪拌した。反応液に水２００ｍＬを加え有機相を分離した。有機相を２ｍｏｌ／Ｌの塩酸１００ｍＬで２回、次いで飽和炭酸水素ナトリウムで１回洗浄した。得られた溶液を無水硫酸マグネシウムで脱水した後、溶媒を減圧溜去し油状のＮ，Ｎ－ジエチルブタンアミド５３ｇを得た。
１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ／ＣＤＣｌ３ δ／ｐｐｍ：３．３８（３Ｈ、ｑ）、３．３１（３Ｈ、ｑ）、２．２７（２Ｈ、ｔ）、１．６７（２Ｈ、ｍ）、１．１７（３Ｈ、ｔ）、１．１１（３Ｈ、ｔ）、０．９６（３Ｈ、ｔ）
[Synthesis Example 4]
77 g of diethylamine was dissolved in 200 mL of dichloromethane. While cooling this solution in an ice bath, a solution prepared by dissolving 51 g of butanoyl chloride in 100 mL of dichloromethane was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. 200 mL of water was added to the reaction solution to separate the organic phase. The organic phase was washed twice with 100 mL of 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid and then once with saturated sodium bicarbonate. After dehydrating the obtained solution with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 53 g of oily N, N-diethylbutaneamide.
1H-NMR / CDCl3 δ / ppm: 3.38 (3H, q), 3.31 (3H, q), 2.27 (2H, t), 1.67 (2H, m), 1.17 (3H) , T), 1.11 (3H, t), 0.96 (3H, t)
［合成実施例５］
ジプロピルアミン３２ｇおよびトリエチルアミン３６ｇをジクロロメタン１００ｍＬに溶解した。この溶液を氷浴で冷却しながら塩化アセチル２２ｇを滴下した。反応液を室温で３時間攪拌した。反応液に水２００ｍＬを加え有機相を分離した。有機相を２ｍｏｌ／Ｌの塩酸１００ｍＬで２回、次いで飽和炭酸水素ナトリウムで１回洗浄した。得られた溶液を無水硫酸マグネシウムで脱水した後、溶媒を減圧溜去し油状のＮ，Ｎ－ジプロピルアセトアミド３６ｇを得た。
１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ／ＣＤＣｌ３ δ／ｐｐｍ：３．１７（４Ｈ，ｔ）、２．０７（３Ｈ、ｓ）、１．４９（４Ｈ、ｍ）、０．９２（６Ｈ、ｄ）
[Synthesis Example 5]
32 g of dipropylamine and 36 g of triethylamine were dissolved in 100 mL of dichloromethane. 22 g of acetyl chloride was added dropwise while cooling this solution in an ice bath. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. 200 mL of water was added to the reaction solution to separate the organic phase. The organic phase was washed twice with 100 mL of 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid and then once with saturated sodium bicarbonate. After dehydrating the obtained solution with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 36 g of oily N, N- dipropylacetamide .
1H-NMR / CDCl3 δ / ppm: 3.17 (4H, t), 2.07 (3H, s), 1.49 (4H, m), 0.92 (6H, d)
［合成実施例６］
２ｍｏｌ／Ｌのジメチルアミンテトラヒドロフラン溶液１００ｍＬおよびトリエチルアミン２２ｇを混合した。この溶液を氷浴で冷却しながら塩化ヘキサノイル２０ｇを滴下した。反応液を室温で３時間攪拌した。反応液に水２００ｍＬを加え有機相を分離した。有機相を２ｍｏｌ／Ｌの塩酸１００ｍＬで２回、次いで飽和炭酸水素ナトリウムで１回洗浄した。得られた溶液を無水硫酸マグネシウムで脱水した後、溶媒を減圧溜去し油状のＮ，Ｎ－ジメチルヘキサンアミド１８ｇを得た。
１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ／ＣＤＣｌ３ δ／ｐｐｍ：３．０１（３Ｈ，ｓ）、２．９４（３Ｈ，ｓ）、２．３１（２Ｈ，ｔ）、１．６３（２Ｈ，ｍ）、１．３３（４Ｈ，ｍ）、０．９０（３Ｈ、ｔ）
[Synthesis Example 6]
100 mL of a 2 mol / L dimethylamine tetrahydrofuran solution and 22 g of triethylamine were mixed. 20 g of hexanoyl chloride was added dropwise while cooling this solution in an ice bath. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. 200 mL of water was added to the reaction solution to separate the organic phase. The organic phase was washed twice with 100 mL of 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid and then once with saturated sodium bicarbonate. After dehydrating the obtained solution with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 18 g of oily N, N-dimethylhexaneamide.
1H-NMR / CDCl3 δ / ppm: 3.01 (3H, s), 2.94 (3H, s), 2.31 (2H, t), 1.63 (2H, m), 1.33 (4H) , M), 0.90 (3H, t)
［合成比較例１］
ジエチルアミン４９ｇをジクロロメタン２００ｍＬに溶解した。この溶液を氷浴で冷却しながら塩化ヘキサノイル２９ｇをジクロロメタン１００ｍＬに溶解した溶液を滴下した。反応液を室温で３時間攪拌した。反応液に水２００ｍＬを加え有機相を分離した。有機相を２ｍｏｌ／Ｌの塩酸１００ｍＬで２回、次いで飽和炭酸水素ナトリウムで１回洗浄した。えられた溶液を無水硫酸マグネシウムで脱水した後、溶媒を減圧溜去し油状のＮ，Ｎ－ジエチルヘキサンアミド３３ｇを得た。
１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ／ＣＤＣｌ３ δ／ｐｐｍ：３．３１（３Ｈ、ｑ）、３．２４（３Ｈ、ｑ）、２．２１（２Ｈ、ｔ）、１．５７（２Ｈ、ｍ）、１．２５（４Ｈ、ｍ）、１．１１（３Ｈ、ｔ）、１．１４（３Ｈ、ｔ）、０．８３（３Ｈ、ｔ）
[Composite Comparative Example 1]
49 g of diethylamine was dissolved in 200 mL of dichloromethane. While cooling this solution in an ice bath, a solution prepared by dissolving 29 g of hexanoyl chloride in 100 mL of dichloromethane was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. 200 mL of water was added to the reaction solution to separate the organic phase. The organic phase was washed twice with 100 mL of 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid and then once with saturated sodium bicarbonate. After dehydrating the obtained solution with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 33 g of oily N, N-diethylhexaneamide.
1H-NMR / CDCl3 δ / ppm: 3.31 (3H, q), 3.24 (3H, q), 2.21 (2H, t), 1.57 (2H, m), 1.25 (4H) , M), 1.11 (3H, t), 1.14 (3H, t), 0.83 (3H, t)
［相分離実施例１］
合成実施例１で得られたＮ，Ｎ－ジイソプロピルアセトアミド１０ｍＬと水１０ｍＬとを３０ｍＬのスクリュー管に入れ、２０℃において手で振り混ぜ混合した。この混合液は流動がおさまった後も均一な外観を維持した。この混合液を加熱しながら外観の変化を観察した。混合溶液が均一な外観を示さなくなる下限臨界溶液温度は、４９℃であった。６０℃における水溶性液体層の体積率は５５％、含水量は２０％であった。
[Phase Separation Example 1]
10 mL of N, N-diisopropylacetamide and 10 mL of water obtained in Synthesis Example 1 were placed in a 30 mL screw tube and shaken by hand at 20 ° C. for mixing. This mixture maintained a uniform appearance even after the flow had subsided. The change in appearance was observed while heating this mixed solution. The lower critical solution temperature at which the mixed solution did not show a uniform appearance was 49 ° C. The volume ratio of the water-soluble liquid layer at 60 ° C. was 55%, and the water content was 20%.
［相分離実施例２］
合成実施例２で得られたＮ－プロピルプロパンアミド１０ｍＬと水１０ｍＬとを３０ｍＬのスクリュー管に入れ、２０℃において手で振り混ぜ混合した。この混合液は流動がおさまった後二層に分離したが、１５℃以下に冷却すると均一な外観を維持した。この混合溶液が均一な外観を示さなくなる下限臨界溶液温度は、１５℃であった。６０℃における水溶性液体層の体積率は５３％、含水量は１５％であった。
[Phase Separation Example 2]
10 mL of N-propylpropaneamide and 10 mL of water obtained in Synthesis Example 2 were placed in a 30 mL screw tube and shaken by hand at 20 ° C. for mixing. The mixed solution was separated into two layers after the flow had subsided, but when cooled to 15 ° C. or lower, a uniform appearance was maintained. The lower limit critical solution temperature at which this mixed solution did not show a uniform appearance was 15 ° C. The volume ratio of the water-soluble liquid layer at 60 ° C. was 53%, and the water content was 15%.
［相分離実施例３］
合成実施例３で得られたＮ－イソプロピルプロパンアミド１０ｍＬと水１０ｍＬとを３０ｍＬのスクリュー管に入れ、２０℃において手で振り混ぜ混合した。この混合液は流動がおさまった後も均一な外観を維持した。この混合液を加熱しながら外観の変化を観察した。混合溶液が均一な外観を示さなくなる下限臨界溶液温度は、３７℃であった。６０℃における水溶性液体層の体積率は５３％、含水量は１３％であった。
[Phase Separation Example 3]
10 mL of N-isopropylpropaneamide and 10 mL of water obtained in Synthesis Example 3 were placed in a 30 mL screw tube and shaken by hand at 20 ° C. for mixing. This mixture maintained a uniform appearance even after the flow had subsided. The change in appearance was observed while heating this mixed solution. The lower critical solution temperature at which the mixed solution did not show a uniform appearance was 37 ° C. The volume ratio of the water-soluble liquid layer at 60 ° C. was 53%, and the water content was 13%.
［相分離実施例４］
合成実施例４で得られたＮ，Ｎ－ジエチルブタンアミド１０ｍＬと水１０ｍＬとを３０ｍＬのスクリュー管に入れ、２０℃において手で振り混ぜ混合した。この混合液は流動がおさまった後も均一な外観を維持した。この混合液を加熱しながら外観の変化を観察した。混合溶液が均一な外観を示さなくなる下限臨界溶液温度は、３９℃であった。６０℃における水溶性液体層の体積率は５４％、含水量は１７％であった。
[Phase Separation Example 4]
10 mL of N, N-diethylbutaneamide and 10 mL of water obtained in Synthesis Example 4 were placed in a 30 mL screw tube and shaken by hand at 20 ° C. for mixing. This mixture maintained a uniform appearance even after the flow had subsided. The change in appearance was observed while heating this mixed solution. The lower critical solution temperature at which the mixed solution did not show a uniform appearance was 39 ° C. The volume ratio of the water-soluble liquid layer at 60 ° C. was 54%, and the water content was 17%.
［相分離実施例５］
合成実施例５で得られたＮ，Ｎ－ジプロピルアセトアミド１０ｍＬと水１０ｍＬとを３０ｍＬのスクリュー管に入れ、２０℃において手で振り混ぜ混合した。この混合液は流動がおさまった後も均一な外観を維持した。この混合液を加熱しながら外観の変化を観察した。混合溶液が均一な外観を示さなくなる下限臨界溶液温度は、５９℃であった。６５℃における水溶性液体層の体積率は５３％、含水量は１５％であった。
[Phase Separation Example 5]
10 mL of N, N-dipropylacetamide and 10 mL of water obtained in Synthesis Example 5 were placed in a 30 mL screw tube and shaken by hand at 20 ° C. for mixing. This mixture maintained a uniform appearance even after the flow had subsided. The change in appearance was observed while heating this mixed solution. The lower limit critical solution temperature at which the mixed solution did not show a uniform appearance was 59 ° C. The volume ratio of the water-soluble liquid layer at 65 ° C. was 53%, and the water content was 15%.
［相分離実施例６］
合成実施例６で得られたＮ，Ｎ－ジメチルヘキサンアミド１０ｇと水１０ｇとを３０ｍＬのスクリュー管に入れ、２０℃において手で振り混ぜ混合した。この混合液は流動がおさまった後も均一な外観を維持した。この混合液を加熱しながら外観の変化を観察した。混合溶液が均一な外観を示さなくなる下限臨界溶液温度は、４２℃であった。６０℃における上層のＮ，Ｎ－ジメチルヘキサンアミドの濃度は７１％、下層のＮ，Ｎ－ジメチルヘキサンアミドの濃度は１８％であった。
[Phase Separation Example 6]
10 g of N, N-dimethylhexaneamide and 10 g of water obtained in Synthesis Example 6 were placed in a 30 mL screw tube and shaken by hand at 20 ° C. for mixing. This mixture maintained a uniform appearance even after the flow had subsided. The change in appearance was observed while heating this mixed solution. The lower critical solution temperature at which the mixed solution did not show a uniform appearance was 42 ° C. The concentration of N, N-dimethylhexaneamide in the upper layer was 71% and the concentration of N, N-dimethylhexaneamide in the lower layer was 18% at 60 ° C.
［相分離比較例１］
合成比較例１で得られたＮ，Ｎ－ジエチルヘキサンアミド１０ｍＬと水１０ｍＬとを３０ｍＬのスクリュー管に入れ、２０℃において手で振り混ぜ混合した。この混合液は流動がおさまった後も均一の溶液にならず二層に分離した。この混合液を１５℃に冷却しても均一の溶液にならず二層に分離したままであった。
[Phase Separation Comparative Example 1]
10 mL of N, N-diethylhexaneamide and 10 mL of water obtained in Synthetic Comparative Example 1 were placed in a 30 mL screw tube and shaken by hand at 20 ° C. for mixing. This mixed solution did not become a uniform solution even after the flow had subsided, and separated into two layers. Even when this mixed solution was cooled to 15 ° C., it did not become a uniform solution and remained separated into two layers.
［相分離比較例２］
市販のＮ，Ｎ－ジメチルプロピオンアミド（東京化成製）１０ｍＬと水１０ｍＬとを３０ｍＬのスクリュー管に入れ、２０℃において手で振り混ぜ混合した。この混合液は流動がおさまった後も均一な外観を維持した。この混合液を１５℃に冷却しても均一な外観を維持したままであった。この混合液を加熱しながら外観の変化を観察した。８０℃まで加熱しても均一な溶液のままであった。
[Phase Separation Comparative Example 2]
10 mL of commercially available N, N-dimethylpropionamide (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei) and 10 mL of water were placed in a 30 mL screw tube and shaken by hand at 20 ° C. for mixing. This mixture maintained a uniform appearance even after the flow had subsided. Even when the mixed solution was cooled to 15 ° C., a uniform appearance was maintained. The change in appearance was observed while heating this mixed solution. It remained a uniform solution even when heated to 80 ° C.
［吸水実施例１］
合成実施例１で得られたＮ，Ｎ－ジイソプロピルアセトアミドの７０％水溶液２ｇを底面積８ｃｍ２のシャーレに入れた。水１０ｍＬを底面積８ｃｍ２のシャーレに入れた。二つのシャーレを同じ密閉容器内に入れ、室温で１７時間放置した。Ｎ，Ｎ－ジイソプロピルアセトアミド水溶液は２．４ｇになった。
[Water Absorption Example 1]
2 g of a 70% aqueous solution of N, N-diisopropylacetamide obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was placed in a petri dish having a bottom area of 8 cm 2 . 10 mL of water was placed in a petri dish with a bottom area of 8 cm 2 . The two petri dishes were placed in the same closed container and left at room temperature for 17 hours. The N, N-diisopropylacetamide aqueous solution weighed 2.4 g.
［吸水実施例２］
合成実施例３で得られたＮ－プロピルプロパンアミドの７０％水溶液２ｇを底面積８ｃｍ２のシャーレに入れた。水１０ｍＬを底面積８ｃｍ２のシャーレに入れた。二つのシャーレを同じ密閉容器内に入れ、室温で１７時間放置した。Ｎ－プロピルプロパンアミド水溶液は２．５ｇになった。
[Water Absorption Example 2]
2 g of a 70% aqueous solution of N-propylpropaneamide obtained in Synthesis Example 3 was placed in a petri dish having a bottom area of 8 cm2. 10 mL of water was placed in a petri dish with a bottom area of 8 cm2. The two petri dishes were placed in the same closed container and left at room temperature for 17 hours. The N-propylpropaneamide aqueous solution weighed 2.5 g.
［吸水実施例３］
合成実施例３で得られたＮ－イソプロピルプロパンアミドの７５％水溶液２ｇを底面積８ｃｍ２のシャーレに入れた。水１０ｍＬを底面積８ｃｍ２のシャーレに入れた。二つのシャーレを同じ密閉容器内に入れ、室温で１７時間放置した。Ｎ－イソプロピルプロパンアミド水溶液は２．９ｇになった。
[Water Absorption Example 3]
2 g of a 75% aqueous solution of N-isopropylpropaneamide obtained in Synthesis Example 3 was placed in a petri dish having a bottom area of 8 cm 2 . 10 mL of water was placed in a petri dish with a bottom area of 8 cm 2 . The two petri dishes were placed in the same closed container and left at room temperature for 17 hours. The N-isopropylpropaneamide aqueous solution weighed 2.9 g.
［吸水実施例４］
合成実施例４で得られたＮ，Ｎ－ジエチルブタンアミドの８０％水溶液２ｇを底面積８ｃｍ２のシャーレに入れた。水１０ｍＬを底面積８ｃｍ２のシャーレに入れた。二つのシャーレを同じ密閉容器内に入れ、室温で１７時間放置した。Ｎ，Ｎ－ジエチルブタンアミド水溶液は２．８ｇになった。
[Water Absorption Example 4]
2 g of an 80% aqueous solution of N, N-diethylbutaneamide obtained in Synthesis Example 4 was placed in a petri dish with a bottom area of 8 cm 2 . 10 mL of water was placed in a petri dish with a bottom area of 8 cm 2 . The two petri dishes were placed in the same closed container and left at room temperature for 17 hours. The amount of N, N-diethylbutaneamide aqueous solution was 2.8 g.
［吸水実施例５］
合成実施例５で得られたＮ，Ｎ－ジプロピルアセトアミドの７５％水溶液２ｇを底面積８ｃｍ２のシャーレに入れた。水１０ｍＬを底面積８ｃｍ２のシャーレに入れた。二つのシャーレを同じ密閉容器内に入れ、室温で１７時間放置した。Ｎ，Ｎ－ジプロピルアセトアミド水溶液は２．６ｇになった。
[Water Absorption Example 5]
2 g of a 75% aqueous solution of N, N-dipropylacetamide obtained in Synthesis Example 5 was placed in a petri dish with a bottom area of 8 cm 2 . 10 mL of water was placed in a petri dish with a bottom area of 8 cm 2 . The two petri dishes were placed in the same closed container and left at room temperature for 17 hours. The amount of N, N-dipropylacetamide aqueous solution was 2.6 g.
［吸水実施例６］
合成実施例６で得られたＮ，Ｎ－ジメチルヘキサンアミドの７０％水溶液２ｇを底面積８ｃｍ２のシャーレに入れた。水１０ｍＬを底面積８ｃｍ２のシャーレに入れた。二つのシャーレを同じ密閉容器内に入れ、室温で１７時間放置した。Ｎ，Ｎ－ジメチルヘキサンアミド水溶液は２．５ｇになった。
[Water Absorption Example 6]
2 g of a 70% aqueous solution of N, N-dimethylhexaneamide obtained in Synthesis Example 6 was placed in a petri dish having a bottom area of 8 cm 2 . 10 mL of water was placed in a petri dish with a bottom area of 8 cm 2 . The two petri dishes were placed in the same closed container and left at room temperature for 17 hours. The N, N-dimethylhexaneamide aqueous solution weighed 2.5 g.
［正浸透吸水実施例１］
合成実施例１で得られたＮ，Ｎ－ジイソプロピルアセトアミドの７０％水溶液（計算浸透圧１１．５ＭＰａ）３０ｍＬと３．５％食塩水（計算浸透圧２．９ＭＰａ）３０ｍＬとを、面積２８ｃｍ２のホリアキ株式会社製 セロファンシート『ラップインセロパック』を介して接触させ静置した。１７時間後、Ｎ，Ｎ－ジイソプロピルアセトアミド層は５０ｍＬに、食塩水層は１０ｍＬになった。
[Example 1 of forward osmosis water absorption]
30 mL of a 70% aqueous solution of N, N-diisopropylacetamide (calculated osmotic pressure 11.5 MPa) and 30 mL of 3.5% saline solution (calculated osmotic pressure 2.9 MPa) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 were added to an area of 28 cm 2 . The cells were contacted and allowed to stand through the cellophane sheet "Wrap in Cellophane Pack" manufactured by Horiaki Co., Ltd. After 17 hours, the N, N-diisopropylacetamide layer became 50 mL and the saline layer became 10 mL.
［正浸透吸水実施例２］
合成実施例２で得られたＮ－プロピルプロパンアミドの７０％水溶液（計算浸透圧１４．３ＭＰａ）３０ｍＬと３．５％食塩水（計算浸透圧２．９ＭＰａ）３０ｍＬとを、面積２８ｃｍ２のホリアキ株式会社製 セロファンシート 『ラップインセロパック』を介して接触させ静置した。１７時間後、Ｎ－プロピルプロパンアミド層は５０ｍＬに、食塩水層は１０ｍＬになった。
[Forward osmosis water absorption Example 2]
30 mL of a 70% aqueous solution of N-propylpropanamide (calculated osmotic pressure 14.3 MPa) and 30 mL of 3.5% saline solution (calculated osmotic pressure 2.9 MPa) obtained in Synthesis Example 2 were added to a horiaki having an area of 28 cm 2 . The cellophane sheet manufactured by Co., Ltd. was contacted via the "wrap-in cellophane pack" and allowed to stand. After 17 hours, the N-propylpropaneamide layer became 50 mL and the saline layer became 10 mL.
［正浸透吸水実施例３］
合成実施例３で得られたＮ－イソプロピルプロパンアミドの７５％水溶液（計算浸透圧１５．３ＭＰａ）３０ｍＬと３．５％食塩水（計算浸透圧２．９ＭＰａ）３０ｍＬとを、面積２８ｃｍ２のホリアキ株式会社製 セロファンシート 『ラップインセロパック』を介して接触させ静置した。１７時間後、Ｎ－イソプロピルプロパンアミド層は４８ｍＬに、食塩水層は１２ｍＬになった。
[Example 3 of forward osmosis water absorption]
30 mL of a 75% aqueous solution of N-isopropylpropanamide (calculated osmotic pressure 15.3 MPa) and 30 mL of 3.5% saline solution (calculated osmotic pressure 2.9 MPa) obtained in Synthesis Example 3 were added to a horiaki having an area of 28 cm 2 . The cellophane sheet manufactured by Co., Ltd. was contacted via the "wrap-in cellophane pack" and allowed to stand. After 17 hours, the N-isopropylpropaneamide layer became 48 mL and the saline layer became 12 mL.
［正浸透吸水実施例４］
合成実施例４で得られたＮ，Ｎ－ジエチルブタンアミドと純水との体積比８０：２０の混合溶液（計算浸透圧１３．９ＭＰａ）５０ｍＬと３．５％食塩水（計算浸透圧２．９ＭＰａ）５０ｍＬとを、面積２８ｃｍ２のホリアキ株式会社製 セロファンシート 『ラップインセロパック』を介して接触させ静置した。１７時間後、Ｎ，Ｎ－ジエチルブタンアミド層は７５ｍＬに、食塩水層は２５ｍＬになった。
[Example 4 of forward osmosis water absorption]
50 mL of a mixed solution (calculated osmotic pressure 13.9 MPa) of N, N-diethylbutaneamide obtained in Synthesis Example 4 and pure water at a volume ratio of 80:20 and 3.5% saline solution (calculated osmotic pressure 2. 9 MPa) 50 mL was brought into contact with each other via a cellophane sheet "wrap-in cellopack" manufactured by Horiaki Co., Ltd. having an area of 28 cm 2 and allowed to stand. After 17 hours, the N, N-diethylbutaneamide layer became 75 mL and the saline layer became 25 mL.
［正浸透吸水実施例５］
合成実施例５で得られたＮ，Ｎ－ジプロピルアセトアミドの７０％水溶液（計算浸透圧１１．５ＭＰａ）３０ｍＬと３．５％食塩水（計算浸透圧２．９ＭＰａ）３０ｍＬとを、面積２８ｃｍ２のホリアキ株式会社製 セロファンシート 『ラップインセロパック』を介して接触させ静置した。１７時間後、Ｎ，Ｎ－ジプロピルアセトアミド層は４６ｍＬに、食塩水層は１４ｍＬになった。
[Example 5 of forward osmosis water absorption]
30 mL of a 70% aqueous solution of N, N-dipropylacetamide (calculated osmotic pressure 11.5 MPa) and 30 mL of 3.5% saline solution (calculated osmotic pressure 2.9 MPa) obtained in Synthesis Example 5 were added to an area of 28 cm 2 . The cellophane sheet "Wrap-in-cellophane pack" manufactured by Horiaki Co., Ltd. was brought into contact with the product and allowed to stand still. After 17 hours, the N, N-dipropylacetamide layer became 46 mL and the saline layer became 14 mL.
［正浸透吸水実施例６］
合成実施例６で得られたＮ，Ｎ－ジメチルヘキサンアミドの７０％水溶液（計算浸透圧１１．５ＭＰａ）３０ｍＬと３．５％食塩水（計算浸透圧２．９ＭＰａ）３０ｍＬとを、面積２８ｃｍ２のホリアキ株式会社製 セロファンシート 『ラップインセロパック』を介して接触させ静置した。１７時間後、Ｎ，Ｎ－ジメチルヘキサンアミド層は４７ｍＬに、食塩水層は１３ｍＬになった。
[Example 6 of forward osmosis water absorption]
30 mL of a 70% aqueous solution of N, N-dimethylhexaneamide (calculated osmotic pressure 11.5 MPa) and 30 mL of 3.5% saline solution (calculated osmotic pressure 2.9 MPa) obtained in Synthesis Example 6 were added to an area of 28 cm 2 The cellophane sheet "Wrap-in-cellophane pack" manufactured by Horiaki Co., Ltd. was brought into contact with the product and allowed to stand still. After 17 hours, the N, N-dimethylhexaneamide layer became 47 mL and the saline layer became 13 mL.
本発明の水吸収液は、空調装置、除湿装置、などに用いられる。
本発明のドロー溶液を用いた及び正浸透水処理方法は、海水または排水からの飲料水・工業用水または農業用水の回収、排水の体積低減、正浸透発電、嗜好飲料の濃縮、果汁の濃縮、有用物質含有希薄溶液の濃縮、などに用いられる。
The water absorbing liquid of the present invention is used for air conditioners, dehumidifying devices, and the like.
The method for treating drinking water / industrial water or agricultural water from seawater or wastewater, using the draw solution of the present invention, reducing the volume of wastewater, forward osmosis power generation, concentrating favorite beverages, concentrating fruit juice, It is used for concentrating dilute solutions containing useful substances.
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