JP7017201B2 - Seedling container - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a seedling raising container for producing a plant mat.

In urban greening, it is required to introduce rich natural vegetation in which multiple plant species coexist, instead of artificial vegetation by a single species. At this time, in order to prevent the invasion of weeds and the outbreak of diseases and accelerate the growth rate, it is necessary to raise multiple species of plants in a nursery container in advance and transplant a different plant mat made into a mat by entwining the roots. It has been. For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a wild grass mat for greening having a plurality of plants germinated and grown from seed-containing soil collected from a place having natural vegetation. Further, Patent Document 2 proposes a vegetation block mat transplanted by combining different kinds of plants.

However, a heterogeneous plant mat composed of a plurality of species of plants has a problem that the transplanted plant is more likely to die than a plant mat composed of a single species of plant. When the transplanted plant dies, it is necessary to exterminate weeds and re-cover the mats of different species in order to maintain the aesthetic appearance of the greened part, and the maintenance cost will be higher than originally planned.

As a result of diligent research on the causes of heterogeneous plant mats that easily die after transplantation, the present inventors have discovered the following.
Since the heterogeneous plant mat consists of a plurality of species of plants, among them, a plant species with slow root growth (hereinafter referred to as slow-growing species 21) and a plant species with fast root growth (hereinafter referred to as early-growing species 21) are included. Seed 22) and exists. Therefore, when the late-growing seeds 21 and the early-growing seeds 22 are raised at the same time in a conventional seedling raising container having a flat bottom surface, the roots of the early-growing seeds 22 grow before the roots of the late-growing seeds 21 (FIG. 5A). ..
After that, even if the roots of the early-growing seed 22 grew until they reached the bottom surface 51 of the seedling raising container, the roots of the late-growing seed 21 were not yet fully developed and did not reach the bottom surface 51 (FIG. 5B). .. At this stage, the roots of each plant are not sufficiently entangled and the plant mat cannot be removed from the nursery container, so it is necessary to continue raising seedlings.
By the time the roots of the late-growing seed 21 grow and become entangled with the roots of the early-growing seed 22 and the heterogeneous plant mat can be taken out from the seedling raising container, the roots of the early-growing seed 22 cover the bottom surface 51 of the seedling raising container. It becomes a so-called "root-wrapped" state (Fig. 5C).
The heterogeneous plant mat in this state has poor drainage due to root wrapping and is prone to root rot. Further, the roots of the late-growing seed 21 are blocked by the roots of the early-growing seed 22 covering the bottom surface 51 of the seedling raising container, and it is difficult to extend to the soil of the transplant destination. It is difficult to extend downward because it faces. That is, the heterogeneous plant mat is prone to root rot due to root wrapping, and in both the late-growing species 21 and the early-growing species 22, the roots do not easily extend toward the soil at the transplant destination, and sufficient nutrients and water are provided from the soil at the transplant destination. Since it cannot be obtained, it is more likely to die than a plant mat consisting of a single species of plant.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-303472 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-006173

It is an object of the present invention to be able to produce a plant mat that does not easily die after transplantation, and in particular, to provide a seedling raising container suitable for producing a heterogeneous plant mat.

1. 1. A bottom surface in which concave and convex portions extending in the first direction are alternately continuous,
It has a side wall that surrounds the bottom surface and has a side wall.
The total area (S1) of the bottom surface is 1.2 times or more and 2.0 times or less the cross-sectional area (S0) in the horizontal direction.
A seedling raising container characterized in that the concave portion is provided with a drainage hole and the convex portion is provided with a ventilation hole.
2. 2. 1. The cross-sectional shape in the second direction orthogonal to the first direction of the bottom surface is triangular wavy. Seedling raising container described in.
3. 3. The side wall
1. It is characterized by having an indicating structure indicating the position of either or both of the concave portion and the convex portion. Or 2. Seedling raising container described in.
4. It is characterized by raising seedlings of multiple species at the same time. ~ 3. The seedling raising container described in any of.

The seedling raising container of the present invention has a concave portion and a convex portion on the bottom surface, and the total area of the bottom surface is larger than the horizontal cross-sectional area. Since the seedling raising container of the present invention has a large total area of the bottom surface as compared with the conventional seedling raising container having a flat bottom surface, it takes time for the roots of the plant to cover the bottom surface, and root wrapping is less likely to occur during seedling raising.
The seedling raising container of the present invention is provided with a drainage hole in the concave portion and a ventilation hole in the convex portion, and has excellent drainage and air permeability, and root rot of the plant to be raised is less likely to occur. Further, in the seedling raising container of the present invention, the roots of the plant to be raised grow quickly, and the period until the roots are entangled and taken out in the form of a mat is short, so that the plant mat can be efficiently produced.
There are no ventilation holes between the most adjacent drain holes in the nursery container, and no drain holes between the most adjacent ventilation holes, which fills the soil and lifts the heavier seedling container. However, it is possible to prevent the seedling raising container from being deformed or broken.

When the cross-sectional shape of the bottom surface of the seedling raising container of the present invention in the second direction orthogonal to the first direction is triangular wavy, the roots of the plant extend diagonally downward toward the bottom of the corrugation. By transplanting with the tip of the root facing downward, the root can grow smoothly toward the soil to be transplanted, so that the plant mat can quickly settle in the soil after transplanting and transplant. It does not wither easily later. In addition, the plant mat produced in the seedling raising container of the present invention has an uneven bottom surface and can be in contact with the ground of the transplant destination in a wide area, so that it is difficult to peel off after transplantation and the curing period can be shortened.

The seedling raising container of the present invention is suitable for the production of heterogeneous plant mats. When the early-growing seeds are raised above the convex part of the bottom and the late-growing seeds are raised above the concave part, the roots of the early-growing seeds extend toward the concave part along the slope of the bottom of the nursery container and extend a long distance. Since it grows straight, it takes longer for the bent roots to cover the bottom of the nursery container. If the roots of the late-growing species reach the bottom before the roots of the early-growing species cover the bottom surface, both the roots of the early-growing species and the late-growing species extend toward the soil to be transplanted and absorb water and nutrients. Because it can be used, the heterogeneous plant mat after transplantation does not easily die.
In addition, by planting a plurality of plant species so that their roots extend toward different recesses, it is possible to prevent root contact during the seedling raising period. Even plant species that share the same necessary nutrients and are incompatible with each other can be made into heterogeneous plant mats by limiting and separating the rhizosphere using the seedling raising container of the present invention.
A seedling raising container having an instruction structure indicating the position of either the concave portion, the convex portion, or both on the side wall of the container is either the concave portion or the convex portion, even after filling the container soil. Or both positions can be easily known. Therefore, it is possible to transplant while assuming the range where the roots grow without checking the bottom surface and the side surface.

The heterogeneous plant mat produced in the seedling raising container of the present invention is raised in an environment where other plant species are present, and is acclimatized to neighboring plants. Heterogeneous plants antagonize each other through allelopathy, a fungus in the soil, etc., but by raising seedlings in the same environment and transplanting them as heterogeneous plant mats, stress after transplantation is reduced. It is relaxed and does not wither easily.

The figure which shows the 1st Embodiment of the seedling raising container of this invention. The figure which shows how the late-growing seed and the early-growing seed are raised using the seedling raising container which is the 1st embodiment. The figure which shows how to raise seedlings of a plant species which is incompatible with each other using the seedling raising container which is a 1st embodiment. The figure which shows the 2nd Embodiment of the seedling raising container of this invention. The figure which shows how the late-growing seed and the early-growing seed are raised using the conventional seedling raising container.

The present invention relates to a seedling raising container for producing a plant mat.
The first embodiment of the seedling raising container of this invention is shown in FIG.
The seedling raising container 1 according to the first embodiment is a regular quadrangle having a bottom surface 11 and a side wall 12 and having a side surface of about 25 cm. The bottom surface 11 has concave portions 111 extending in the first direction and convex portions 112 alternately continuous, and the cross-sectional shape of the bottom surface in the second direction orthogonal to the first direction is a right-angled isosceles triangle. Is a continuous triangular wave. The bottom surface 11 has a triangular wave period of 2 cm, a concave portion 111 having a depth of 4.5 cm, and a convex portion 112 having a depth of 3.5 cm.
The concave portion 111 is provided with a drainage hole 113, the convex portion 112 is provided with a ventilation hole 114, and there is no ventilation hole 114 between the two most adjacent drainage holes 113, and the two most adjacent ventilation holes are provided. There is no drainage hole 113 between the holes 114. The side wall 12 is provided with a protrusion 121 on the upper portion, which is an instruction structure indicating the position of the convex portion 112.
The total area (S1) of the bottom surface 11 is the length of two sides adjacent to each other at right angles of the right-angled isosceles triangle having a cross-sectional shape, and the cross-sectional area (S0) in the horizontal direction is the hypotenuse of the right-angled isosceles triangle having a cross-sectional shape. Since it is proportional to the length of S1, S1 is about 1.41 times (= 2 / √2) of S0. In the seedling raising container of the present invention in which the cross-sectional shape of the bottom surface is a triangular wave, the shape of one cycle of the triangular wave is not limited to the right-angled isosceles triangle.

The planar shape of the seedling raising container of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the produced plant mat is spread on the transplant destination without any gaps. That is, all triangles such as regular triangles, right triangles, and isosceles triangles, all quadrilaterals such as regular quadrilaterals, rectangles, rhombuses, parallelograms, trapezoids, hexagons such as regular hexagons and parallel hexagons, and these. Examples thereof include a shape having irregularities that are fitted to the corresponding portions of the above. Of these, regular quadrangles and regular hexagons are preferable from the viewpoints of efficiency and workability during production, transportation, and laying.

The area of the seedling raising container of the present invention is preferably 100 cm ² or more and 10,000 cm ^{2 or less, and more preferably 400 cm 2 or} more and 2,500 cm ² or less, from the viewpoint of workability at the time of transportation or transplantation.
The depth of the seedling raising container of the present invention is preferably 2 cm or more and 10 cm or less, more preferably 3 cm or more and 8 cm or less, and further preferably 4 cm or more and 7 cm or less in the concave portion from the viewpoint of the space for root extension and the weight.
In the seedling raising container of the present invention in which the cross-sectional shape of the bottom surface is a triangular wave, the period of the triangular wave on the bottom surface is preferably 1 cm or more and 10 cm or less, and more preferably 2 cm or more and 8 cm or less. If the cycle is less than 1 cm, the unevenness becomes too fine, and it takes a lot of time and effort to form the drainage hole and the ventilation hole. In addition, the slope connecting the convex portion and the adjacent concave portion is shortened, and the distance at which the root can extend downward is shortened. When the cycle is larger than 10 cm, the number of concave portions is reduced, and the roots of many plants are concentrated in the concave portions, and root wrapping is likely to occur in the concave portions.

In the seedling raising container of the present invention, the total area (S1) of the bottom surface is 1.2 times or more and 2.0 times or less the cross-sectional area (S0) in the horizontal direction. When the total area of the bottom surface (S1) is less than 1.2 times the cross-sectional area (S0) in the horizontal direction, the bottom area is small and the entire bottom surface is easily covered with the roots of the plant. If the total area of the bottom surface (S1) is larger than 2.0 times the cross-sectional area S0 in the horizontal direction, the shape of the bottom surface becomes too fine, it takes time to form drainage holes and ventilation holes, and roots are formed. The distance that can be extended downward becomes shorter. The total area of the bottom surface (S1) is preferably 1.25 times or more and 1.8 times or less, and more preferably 1.3 times or more and 1.6 times or less the cross-sectional area (S0) in the horizontal direction.

In the seedling raising container of the present invention, the size, number, and spacing of the drainage hole and the ventilation hole can be appropriately adjusted depending on whether the plant to be raised prefers dry conditions or wet conditions.
If there is a ventilation hole between the two most adjacent drainage holes and a drainage hole between the two most adjacent ventilation holes, the ventilation hole and the drainage hole are like a cut line on the same straight line. When the seedling raising container is lifted, it may break due to the weight of the soil or plants. The seedling raising container according to the first embodiment is strong because there is no ventilation hole between the two most adjacent drainage holes and no drainage hole between the two most adjacent drainage holes. It is excellent in and can prevent deformation and breakage when lifted.

The indicating structure indicates the position of the convex portion, the concave portion, or both. The specific configuration of the instruction structure is not particularly limited, and protrusions, holes, dents, characters and the like can be used. Since the existence of unevenness can be easily understood visually, it is preferable to indicate the position of the convex portion by a protrusion and the position of the concave portion by a depression.

Since the seedling raising container of the present invention has a wide bottom area and is excellent in breathability and drainage, it is possible to produce a plant mat in which root wrapping and root rot are less likely to occur. The seedling raising container of the present invention can raise seedlings of a single plant species, but is particularly suitable for the use of raising seedlings of a plurality of species at the same time.

Hereinafter, a method of raising seedlings of the late-growing seed 21 and the early-growing seed 22 using the seedling raising container 1 which is the first embodiment will be described.
The plurality of species of plants to be raised in the seedling raising container 1 according to the first embodiment are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and sunshine of the transplant destination. Even if the plant species prefer the same environment, if a plant species with a different original habitat is selected, the growth of other plant species may be hindered by the unexpected allelopathy of one plant species. Therefore, it is preferable to select plant species that have the same original habitat and coexist in the natural environment. In addition, alien species and species that do not live in the natural environment of the transplant destination, even if they are native species, may disturb the original ecosystem of the area by sprouting and growing in the surrounding area. Due to concerns, it is preferable to select a locally native species that inhabits the transplant destination.

The combination of plants that are compatible with the lawn is called companion planting. In addition, there are some combinations of plants that are incompatible with each other, such as the fact that nutrients compete with each other to inhibit growth. Due to the provision of greening materials and landscaping design, it is necessary to create vegetation groups regardless of the compatibility of plants. By using the heterogeneous plant mats produced using the seedling raising container of the present invention, diverse and stable vegetation can be achieved in a narrow environment. Can be created.
Examples of plants for raising seedlings include dicotyledons such as Teikakazura, Tsubosumire, Kanaoi, Sakurasou, and Nirinsou, monocotyledons such as Lily turf, Carex lenta, Urashimasou, Hanamyoga, and Kitsune no kamisori, Benishida, Inode, Tougokushida, and Tougokushida. Examples include moss plants such as fern plants, silvery bryum, turf moss, leopard turf, blue turf moss, carex lenta, and zenigoke.

Each of the above plant groups has roots with different structures. The roots of dicotyledons have a thick taproot and a thin taproot extending from this taproot, and the taproot extends deeply. The roots of monocotyledons, as they are called whiskers, have thin roots that are difficult to grow deeply. Pteridophytes generally have rhizomes and roots, and the roots do not grow very deeply. Bryophytes have false roots that fix plants that are not strictly roots, and false roots do not grow very deeply. In addition, in this specification, "root" means the whole underground part of a plant body.

The roots of plants not only absorb water and nutrients, but also breathe. Since the seedling raising container of the present invention has a drainage hole in the concave portion and a ventilation hole in the convex portion, it is excellent in drainage and can supply the air necessary for root respiration to the soil. Therefore, the seedling raising container of the present invention can easily develop root hairs of plants to be raised as compared with the seedling raising container having a flat bottom surface, and can grow healthy and durable seedlings. Further, even if the drainage hole located below is blocked by the roots of the elongated plant, the ventilation hole located above is less likely to be clogged with the root of the plant, so that root rot is less likely to occur.

Soil such as potting soil (peat moss 20%, vermiculite 15%, red soil 30%, peat 10%, leaf mold 5%, diatomaceous earth (grain) 10%, pearlite 5%, charcoal 5%) is placed in the seedling raising container 1. Fill and transplant seedlings of multiple species of plants (Fig. 2A).
At this time, the slow-growing species 21 with slow root growth is transplanted onto the concave portion 111, and the early-growing species 22 with fast root growth is transplanted onto the convex portion 112. It is preferable to raise seedlings of a plurality of species of plants under the same conditions in advance, and after a predetermined period of time, dig them out to check the root growth and classify them into late-growing and early-growing species. If it is difficult to conduct a root growth test in advance, monocotyledons, fern plants, and bryophytes whose roots do not grow very deeply are late-growing species 21, and dicotyledons whose taproots grow deeply are early-growing species 22. It can also be divided into. Seeds can also be sown in the soil instead of transplanting seedlings.

The seedling raising container 1 according to the first embodiment has a protrusion 121 indicating the position of the ridge portion above the side wall 12. Therefore, the slow-growing seed 21 can be transplanted on the concave portion 111 and the early-growing seed 22 can be transplanted on the convex portion 112 without checking the bottom surface 11 and the side surface of the seedling raising container.

When a plurality of species of plants are raised in the seedling raising container of the present invention, the roots of the early-growing seed 22 grow faster than the roots of the late-growing seed 21 and reach the convex streaks 112 (FIG. 2B).
At this stage, the roots of the late-growing species 21 are not sufficiently elongated and the roots of each plant are not entangled, so that they cannot be taken out as a heterogeneous plant mat from the seedling raising container 1.
As the seedlings continue to be raised, the roots of the early-growing species 22 grow downward along the slope, and the roots of the late-growing species 21 also grow, and the roots of the early-growing species and the late-growing species begin to come into contact with each other. (Fig. 2C).
When the seedlings are further raised, the roots of the early-growing seeds 22 and the roots of the late-growing seeds 21 are entangled and can be taken out from the seedling raising container 1 as a heterogeneous plant mat together with the soil (FIG. 2D).

It is preferable to raise seedlings until the roots of the early-growing seeds 22 reach the concave portion 111, and after the roots of the early-growing seeds 22 reach the concave portions 111, the seedlings are transplanted as soon as possible. Whether or not the root of the early-growing seed 22 has reached the concave portion 111 can be easily determined by visually recognizing whether or not the root extends outward from the drainage hole 113 provided in the concave portion 111. By raising seedlings until the roots of the early-growing seeds 22 reach the concave portion 111, it is possible to produce a heterogeneous plant mat having an uneven bottom surface, which is a transfer of the bottom surface shape of the seedling raising container. Since the heterogeneous plant mat having an uneven bottom surface can come into contact with the soil of the transplant destination on a wide surface, it is difficult to be peeled off by wind or the like immediately after transplanting, and the curing period can be shortened.

In the heterogeneous plant mat produced in the seedling raising container of the present invention, the roots of the early-growing species 22 are mainly directed downward or laterally, and easily extend toward the soil to be transplanted. Further, since the bottom surface is not covered with the roots of the early-growing species 22, the roots of the late-growing species 21 can extend downward through between the roots of the early-growing species 22. Therefore, in the heterogeneous plant mat produced in the seedling raising container of the present invention, the roots of both the early-growing and late-growing species are easily extended toward the soil of the transplant destination, and can be quickly adapted to the soil of the transplant destination. In addition, the early-growing and late-growing varieties are raised while being acclimatized in the same seedling raising container, and are transplanted as different plant mats as they are, so that stress due to environmental changes in transplantation can be reduced.
The heterogeneous plant mat produced in the seedling raising container of the present invention has roots that grow in the soil of the transplant destination to absorb water and nutrients, and has a high ability to respond to environmental changes after transplantation, so that it does not easily die.

In the seedling raising container of the present invention, the range in which the root grows can be induced by the concave portion. Therefore, it is possible to produce a heterogeneous plant mat even if the plant species are incompatible with each other because they have the same required nutrients and compete with each other for nutrients in the soil. When seedlings of such incompatible plant species were raised at the same time in a conventional seedling raising container, both of them lacked nutrients and did not grow sufficiently, making it very difficult to obtain a heterogeneous plant mat.
FIG. 3 shows how to raise seedlings of three plant species 31 to 33 using the seedling raising container 1 which is the first embodiment. In the three plant species shown in FIG. 3, the first plant species 31 and the third plant species 33 have common nutrients, so that they are incompatible with each other, and the second plant species 32 is the first plant species 32. It is assumed that the compatibility with both the plant species 31 and the third plant species 33 is good.

The first to third plant species 31 to 33 have their roots extending toward different concave portions 111a to 111a to c. By using the seedling raising container 1 of the present invention to limit and separate the rhizosphere of the first plant species 31 and the third plant species 33, even if the plant species are incompatible, the same seedling raising container 1 can be used at the same time. You can raise seedlings.
Between the first plant species 31 and the third plant species 33, a second plant species 32 that is compatible with both is planted. The roots of the second plant species 32 can prevent the roots of the first plant species 31 and the third plant species 33 from coming into contact with each other. Further, the roots of the second plant species 32 are entangled with the roots of the first and third plant species 31, 33, respectively, so that they can be taken out from the seedling raising container 1 as a heterogeneous plant mat.

FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the seedling raising container of the present invention. In the second embodiment, the same structure as that of the first embodiment is designated by the same reference numeral.
The seedling raising container 4 according to the second embodiment is a sawtooth wave having a cross section in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, which is a kind of triangular wave, and has a continuous right triangle.
In the second embodiment, the size of the angle (α) formed by the slope of the right triangle of the sawtooth wave and the bottom surface is 15 degrees. The total area of the bottom surface (S1) is the sum of the hypotenuse and the height of the right triangle, which is the cross-sectional shape, and the cross-sectional area (S0) in the horizontal direction is proportional to the length of the base of the right triangle, which is the cross-sectional shape. Is about 1.39 times S0 (= (1 + sin15) / cos15)).
In the seedling raising container 4 of the second embodiment, when the early-growing seed 22 is transplanted directly above the ridge portion 112, theoretically, half of the root is located at the ridge portion 111 immediately below the ridge portion 112. The other half extends along the hypotenuse to the adjacent recess 111. Therefore, the seedling raising container of the second embodiment can visually recognize the roots from the drainage hole 113 provided in the concave portion 111 earlier than the seedling raising container of the first embodiment.
Usually, the heterogeneous plant mat is shipped together with the seedling raising container, and is removed from the seedling raising container at the site and put on the transplant destination. There is a time lag of several days from the time of shipment to the time when it is stretched on site, and even if it is stored in a dark place, the roots will grow during that time. If the seedling raising container 4 of the second embodiment is shipped with the roots visible from the drainage hole 113, the roots are entangled during storage at the site even if the roots are not sufficiently entangled at the time of shipment. , It is in a state suitable for removal as a seedling raising mat.

The seedling raising container of the present invention is not limited to the first and second embodiments described above. For example, the shape of the bottom surface may be sinusoidal or rectangular wavy.

1 Seedling raising container of the first embodiment 11 Bottom surface 111 Concave portion 112 Convex portion 113 Drainage hole 114 Ventilation hole 12 Side wall 121 Protrusion

21 Late-growing species 22 Early-growing species

31 First plant species 32 Second plant species 33 Third plant species

4 Seedling raising container of the second embodiment

51 Bottom of conventional nursery container

Claims (2)

A bottom surface in which concave and convex portions extending in the first direction are alternately continuous,
It has a side wall that surrounds the bottom surface and has a side wall.
The lower side of the side wall has irregularities along the shape of the concave portion and the convex portion of the bottom surface.
The total area (S1) of the bottom surface is 1.2 times or more and 2.0 times or less the cross-sectional area (S0) in the horizontal direction.
The concave portion has a drainage hole, the convex portion has a ventilation hole, there is no ventilation hole between the two most adjacent drainage holes, and there is no ventilation hole between the two most adjacent ventilation holes. There is no drainage hole,
A seedling raising container characterized in that the cross-sectional shape in the second direction orthogonal to the first direction of the bottom surface is triangular wavy. The side wall
The seedling raising container according to claim 1, further comprising an instruction structure indicating the positions of the concave portion, the convex portion, or both.

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