JP7018271B2 - Polyurethane foam - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a polyurethane foam having excellent low smoke emission.

Flame-retardant flexible polyurethane foam is used for seat cushions for railroad vehicles or aircraft.
As a conventional flexible polyurethane foam having flame retardancy, there is one obtained from a polyurethane foam composition containing a polyol, a catalyst, a foaming agent, ammonium polyphosphate and an isocyanate in which fine particles of a melamine resin are dispersed and contained (Patent Documents). 1).

In addition, in a closed space such as the interior of a railroad vehicle or an aircraft, it is difficult to escape if a large amount of smoke is emitted in the event of a fire, so low smoke emission is required for seat cushions used in railroad vehicles or aircraft. It came to be done.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-249728

However, conventional flame-retardant polyurethane foams have not been considered for low smoke emission.
The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a polyurethane foam having excellent low smoke emission.

The invention of claim 1 is a polyurethane foam obtained from a polyurethane foam composition containing a polyol component, a catalyst, a foaming agent and a flame retardant, wherein the polyol component contains a melamine resin-containing polyol, and the flame retardant is a melamine resin. The total amount of the melamine resin contained in the melamine resin-containing polyol and the amount of the melamine resin as the flame retardant, which contains both components of ammonium polyphosphate, is 16 parts by weight or more with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyol component. It is characterized by that.

In the invention of claim 2, the total amount of the amount of melamine resin contained in the melamine resin-containing polyol and the amount of melamine resin as the flame retardant in claim 1 is 20 to 65 with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyol component. It is a part by weight, and the total amount of both the melamine resin as the flame retardant and the ammonium polyphosphate component is 15 to 65 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyol component.

The invention of claim 3 is characterized in that, in claim 1 or 2, the amount of ammonium polyphosphate as the flame retardant is 5 to 55 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyol component.

Since the amount of melamine resin contained in the melamine resin-containing polyol is limited, it is difficult to increase the amount of melamine resin only with the melamine resin-containing polyol. On the other hand, if the required amount of the melamine resin is to be secured only by the melamine resin blended as a flame retardant, a large amount of the melamine resin must be blended in the polyurethane foam composition, and it becomes difficult for the melamine resin to be uniformly dispersed. Will cause foaming defects.
In the present invention, in order to secure the required amount of the melamine resin in both the melamine resin contained in the melamine resin-containing polyol and the melamine resin blended as the flame retardant, the amount of the melamine resin blended as the flame retardant can be small. Flame retardancy can be enhanced without causing foaming defects.
Further, in the polyurethane foam of the present invention, ammonium polyphosphate, which is blended with a melamine resin as a flame retardant, produces carbides during combustion of the polyurethane foam, which contributes to the suppression of smoke generation of the polyurethane foam, and excellent low smoke emission can be obtained. ..

It is a table which shows the structure of an Example and the measurement result. It is a table which shows the structure of the comparative example and the measurement result. It is a figure which shows the measuring apparatus of an illuminance transmittance.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the polyurethane foam in the present invention will be described. The polyurethane foam of the present invention is obtained by reacting a polyol with an isocyanate from a polyurethane foam composition containing a polyol component, a catalyst, a foaming agent, a flame retardant and an isocyanate.

The polyol component contains at least a melamine resin-containing polyol, and other polyols may be used in combination with the melamine resin-containing polyol.
The production of a melamine resin-containing polyol is 1) a method of precipitating fine particles of a melamine resin by condensing a substance capable of forming a melamine resin in the polyol, and 2) or a method of forming a melamine resin in a dispersion medium other than the polyol. It can be produced by a method of precipitating fine particles of melamine resin by condensing a substance and then converting a dispersion medium into a polyol, 3) or any other known method. Examples of the polyol that is the base of the melamine resin-containing polyol include polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polydiene-based polyols, etc., and only one of them may be used, or two or more thereof may be used in combination. good.

The particle size of the melamine resin contained in the melamine resin-containing polyol is 0.01 to 50μ, and it is preferable that the particle size is 0.05 to 20μ. Further, from the viewpoint of suppressing the sedimentation property of the melamine resin in the polyol and maintaining the dispersibility, the particle size of the melamine resin is preferably less than 0.05 to 10 μm.

The content of the melamine resin contained in the melamine resin-containing polyol is preferably 10 to 60% by weight, more preferably 20 to 40% by weight. When the content of the melamine resin contained in the melamine resin-containing polyol is small, the flame retardant effect of the melamine resin-containing polyol is low, and in order to obtain good flame retardancy, the amount of the melamine resin to be blended as a flame retardant is increased. It is necessary, and a good foaming state cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the content of the melamine resin contained in the melamine resin-containing polyol is too large, a good foaming state cannot be obtained.

As the polyol that can be used in combination with the melamine resin-containing polyol, a polyol for polyurethane foam can be used. For example, a polyether polyol, a polyester polyol, and the like can be mentioned, and only one of them may be used, or two or more thereof may be used in combination. The amount of the melamine resin-containing polyol used is preferably 25 parts by weight or more, more preferably 30 to 100 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the polyol component.

As the catalyst, a catalyst known for polyurethane foam can be used. For example, amine catalysts such as triethylamine, triethylenediamine, diethanolamine, dimethylaminomorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, tetramethylguanidine, tin catalysts such as stanus octate and dibutyltin dilaurate, phenylmercuric propionate or lead octenoate. And other metal catalysts (also referred to as organic metal catalysts). The amount of the catalyst is preferably about 0.01 to 2.0 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyol component.

As the foaming agent, hydrocarbons such as water, CFC substitutes or pentane can be used alone or in combination. In the case of water, carbon dioxide gas is generated during the reaction between the polyol and isocyanate, and the carbon dioxide gas causes foaming. The amount of water as a foaming agent is preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyol component.

The flame retardant contains both components of a melamine resin and ammonium polyphosphate, and may further contain other flame retardants.
The melamine resin compounded as a flame retardant consists of powder. The smaller the average particle size of the melamine resin, the more uniform the distribution of the melamine resin in the polyurethane foam and the higher the flame retardant effect. Therefore, the melamine resin preferably has an average particle size of 1 to 120 μm, and is more preferably easy to handle and obtain. From the viewpoint of the above, the average particle size is 10 to 60 μm.

The amount of melamine resin as a flame retardant (the total amount of melamine resin contained in the melamine resin-containing polyol and the amount of melamine resin blended as a flame retardant (total number of parts containing melamine resin)) is 100 parts by weight of the polyol component. On the other hand, it is determined to be 16 parts by weight or more. More preferably, the total number of parts containing the melamine resin is 20 to 65 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyol component.

Further, the total number of parts of the melamine resin to the total amount of the polyurethane foam composition, in other words, the total melamine resin content to the total amount of the polyurethane foam composition (the amount of the melamine resin contained in the melamine resin-containing polyol and the melamine to be blended as a flame retardant). The ratio of the total amount of the resin) is preferably 9% by weight or more. More preferably, the total melamine resin content is 10 to 31% by weight based on the total amount of the polyurethane foam composition.

Ammonium polyphosphate consists of powder. The amount of ammonium polyphosphate is preferably 5 to 55 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyol component. When the amount of ammonium polyphosphate is less than 5 parts by weight, the ammonium polyphosphate does not carbonize during combustion, and smoke is increased. On the other hand, when ammonium polyphosphate exceeds 55 parts by weight, a good foaming state cannot be obtained.

Further, it is preferable that the ratio of the content of ammonium polyphosphate to the total amount of the polyurethane foam composition is 3% by weight or more. More preferably, the ratio of the content of ammonium polyphosphate to the total amount of the polyurethane foam composition is 3 to 26% by weight. If it is less than 3% by weight, ammonium polyphosphate does not carbonize during combustion, and smoke is increased. On the other hand, when ammonium polyphosphate exceeds 26% by weight, a good foaming state cannot be obtained.

The total amount of both the melamine resin (powder) and the ammonium polyphosphate component as the flame retardant (total amount of the powder-based flame retardant) is preferably 15 to 65 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyol component. When the total amount of both the melamine resin (powder) and ammonium polyphosphate is less than 15 parts by weight, good flame retardancy and low smoke emission cannot be obtained, while when it exceeds 65 parts by weight, a good foaming state is obtained. Cannot be obtained.

As the isocyanate, a known isocyanate used for producing a polyurethane foam can be used. For example, aliphatic or aromatic polyisocyanates having two or more isocyanate groups, mixtures thereof, and modified polyisocyanates obtained by modifying them can be used. Examples of the aliphatic polyisocyanate include hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, dicyclohexamethane diisocyanate and the like, and examples of the aromatic polyisocyanate include toluene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), naphthalenedi isocyanate and xiri. Examples thereof include range isocyanate and polypeptide polyisocyanate (crude MDI). In addition, other prepolymers can also be used.

The isocyanate index is preferably 80 to 120. The isocyanate index is calculated by [(isocyanate equivalent in polyurethane foam composition / equivalent of active hydrogen in foaming raw material) × 100]. If the isocyanate index is less than 80 or more than 120, the foaming state deteriorates and good urethane foam cannot be obtained.

Other additives such as a defoaming agent, a cross-linking agent, a coloring agent and the like can be appropriately added to the polyurethane foam composition.
As the foam stabilizer, those used in the production of polyurethane foam can be used. For example, a silicone-based defoaming agent, a fluorine-containing compound-based defoaming agent, and a known surfactant can be mentioned.
Examples of the cross-linking agent include short-chain diols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, glycerin, and trimethylolpropane.
Examples of the colorant include pigments, dyes, colorants and the like.

The polyurethane foam of the present invention can be produced by a known foaming method in which the polyurethane foam composition is stirred and mixed to react the polyol with isocyanate. The foaming method includes slab foaming and mold foaming, and any molding method may be used. Slab foaming is a method in which a mixed polyurethane foam composition is discharged onto a belt conveyor and foamed at room temperature under atmospheric pressure. On the other hand, mold foaming is a method in which a mixed polyurethane foam composition is filled in a mold (molding mold) and foamed in the mold.

The polyurethane foam of the present invention has a preferable range of density of 20 to 100 kg / m ³ (JIS K7222: 2005 compliant), more preferably 30 to 85 kg / m ³ .

Using the following polyols, catalysts, flame retardants, foam stabilizers, cross-linking agents, and isocyanates, and using the foaming agent as water, a polyurethane foam composition consisting of the formulations shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was prepared, and the examples and slab foaming were used to prepare a polyurethane foam composition. A comparative polyurethane foam was produced.

-Polyol 1: Polyether polyol, molecular weight: 5000, average number of functional groups: 3, hydroxyl value: 34 mgKOH / g, product number: EP330N, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.-Polyol 2: Melamine resin-containing polyol (polymer polyol), solid melamine resin Mineral concentration: 25% by weight, average particle size of melamine resin: 0.3 to 0.5 μm, average number of functional groups of base polyol: 3, weight average molecular weight: 5000, hydroxyl value: 26 mgKOH / g, product number: M-950, Made by Asahi Glass Polyol Co., Ltd. ・ Polyol 3: Polyether polyol, molecular weight: 3000, average number of functional groups: 3, hydroxyl value: 56 mgKOH / g, product number: GP3000NS, manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd.

・ Catalyst 1: amine catalyst, product number: DABCO33LSI, manufactured by Air Products Japan Co., Ltd. ・ Catalyst 2: diethanolamine ・ Flame retardant 1: melamine resin powder, average particle size: 22 μm, product number: manufactured by Mitsui Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. ・ Flame retardant 2: ammonium polyphosphate , Part number: AP-462, manufactured by Clariant ・ Flame retardant 3: Phosphate ester, Part number: D-880, manufactured by Daihachi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. ・ Flame retardant 4: Tris (β-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP), Part number: CR-504L: Made by Daihachi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. ・ Flame retardant 5: Tris (dichloropropyl) phosphate (TDCP), Part number: NC-28, manufactured by Yoke

-Defoaming agent: Silicone foaming agent, product number: SZ-1346E, manufactured by Toray Dow Corning Silicone Co., Ltd.-Crossing agent 1: Ethylene glycol-Crossing agent 2: Ethylenediamine as an initiator with propylene oxide added (polyether) Tetraol), number of functional groups 4, molecular weight 450, hydroxyl value 499 mgKOH / g
・ Isocyanate: T-80, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.

In the tables of FIGS. 1 and 2, "Liquid A Total" is the total value of the parts by weight of each component excluding isocyanate, "Liquid B Total" is the value of the weight part of isocyanate, and "A + B" is "Liquid A". It is the total of "Total" and "B liquid Total", that is, the total amount of the polyurethane foam composition (total amount of A + B raw materials).

"(Flame retardant 1 + flame retardant 2)" in the tables of FIGS. 1 and 2 is the total amount of flame retardant 1 (melamine resin powder) and flame retardant 2 (ammonium polyphosphate) (total amount of powder-based flame retardant). be. The "total number of parts containing melamine resin (parts by weight g)" is "the number of parts by weight of the total amount of the amount of melamine resin contained in the polyol 2 and the amount of the melamine resin powder of the flame retardant 1" with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyol component.
"Total melamine resin content (wt%)" in the tables of FIGS. 1 and 2 is the ratio of the total amount of the melamine resin contained in the polyol 2 and the amount of the melamine resin powder of the flame retardant 1 to "A + B". (%) ”, And the“ ammonium polyphosphate content (wt%) is the ratio (%) of the amount of the flame retardant 2 (ammonium polyphosphate) to “A + B”.

Density (JIS K7222: 2005 compliant) and illuminance transmittance were measured for each Example and each Comparative Example.
The method of measuring the illuminance transmittance will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, two blocks 11 and 11 having a height of 390 mm are placed 550 mm apart, and a transparent acrylic resin case 15 having an open bottom surface and a depth of 400 × 600 × 500 mm is placed on the blocks 11 and 11. Put it on. A flashlight 17 is placed outside the center of one of the facing surfaces 15a and 15b located at both ends of the long side of the transparent acrylic resin case 15, and an illuminance meter (illuminance meter) is placed outside the center of the opposite surface 15b. FT3424, manufactured by HIOKI) 19 is arranged. The distance between the surface 15a and the flashlight 17 is 50 mm, and the distance between the surface 15b and the illuminance meter 19 is 50 mm. A tripod 20 having a height of 190 mm is placed directly under the transparent acrylic resin case 15, and the wire mesh 21 is placed on the tripod. A gas burner 27 is arranged directly below the wire mesh 21.

After igniting the gas burner 27 and waiting for 20 seconds until the flame stabilizes, the flashlight 17 is turned on, the illuminance of the light transmitted through the transparent acrylic resin case 15 is measured by the illuminance meter 19, and the transmitted light illuminance before the start of combustion. And. Next, the sample 25 having a size of 27 mm × 27 mm × 20 mm is placed on the wire mesh 21 in a state of being housed in an aluminum case 23 having a diameter of 45 mm and a height of 30 mm with an upper opening, and is heated by the gas burner 27. At 20 seconds, 40 seconds, and 60 seconds after the start of heating, the light of the flashlight 17 transmitted through the transparent acrylic resin case 15 is measured by the illuminance meter 19.

After the measurement is completed, the inside and outside of the transparent acrylic resin case 15 are wiped clean, and then the measurement is performed again from the beginning. This measurement is performed with N = 3, and the average value is calculated for each of the measured values of the transmitted light illuminance before the start of combustion, after 20 seconds, after 40 seconds, and after 60 seconds. The illuminance transmittance (%) was calculated for the average illuminance after 20 seconds, the average illuminance after 40 seconds, and the average illuminance after 60 seconds, assuming that the average illuminance before the start of combustion was 100%.
Illuminance transmittance (%) = average illuminance at each passage ÷ average illuminance before the start of combustion x 100
The higher the illuminance transmittance value, the less smoke is generated from the sample.
The pass / fail judgment of low smoke emission is made when all the conditions of the illuminance transmittance after 20 seconds are 60% or more, the illuminance transmittance after 40 seconds is 30% or more, and the illuminance transmittance after 60 seconds are 15% or more are satisfied. Passed "○", and failed "×" if even one was not satisfied.
The measurement results of the density and the illuminance transmittance are as shown in the tables of FIGS. 1 and 2.

Example 1 is an example in which only the melamine resin-containing polyol (polypoly 2) is used as the polyol component, the melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) is 10 parts by weight, and the ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2) is 15 parts by weight. The total amount of melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) and ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2) is 25 parts by weight, the total number of parts containing melamine resin is 35 parts by weight, and the total content of melamine resin is 20.3% by weight. .. In Example 1, the density was 67.2 kg / m ³ , and the evaluation of low smoke emission was "○".

Example 2 is an example in which the polyol component is composed of 20 parts by weight of the polyether polyol (polypoly 1) and 80 parts by weight of the melamine resin-containing polyol (polypoly 2), and the other components are the same as in Example 1. The total amount of the melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) and the ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2) is 25 parts by weight, the total number of parts containing the melamine resin is 30 parts by weight, and the total content of the melamine resin is 17.3% by weight. .. In Example 2, the density was 65.8 kg / m ³ , and the evaluation of low smoke emission was "○".

Example 3 is an example in which the polyol component is composed of 40 parts by weight of the polyether polyol (polypoly 1) and 60 parts by weight of the melamine resin-containing polyol (polypoly 2), and the other components are the same as in Example 1. The total amount of the melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) and the ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2) is 25 parts by weight, the total number of parts containing the melamine resin is 25 parts by weight, and the total content of the melamine resin is 14.4% by weight. .. In Example 3, the density was 60.8 kg / m ³ , and the evaluation of low smoke emission was "○".

Example 4 is an example in which the polyol component is composed of 60 parts by weight of the polyether polyol (polypoly 1) and 40 parts by weight of the melamine resin-containing polyol (polypoly 2), and the other components are the same as in Example 1. The total amount of melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) and ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2) is 25 parts by weight, the total number of parts containing melamine resin is 20 parts by weight, and the total content of melamine resin is 11.5% by weight. .. In Example 4, the density was 56.2 kg / m ³ , and the evaluation of low smoke emission was "○".

In Example 5, 40 parts by weight of the polyether polyol (polypoly 1) and 60 parts by weight of the melamine resin-containing polyol (polypoly 2) are used as the polyol component, and 10 parts by weight of the melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) is used. This is an example in which ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2) is 5 parts by weight, the total amount of melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) and ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2) is 15 parts by weight, and the total number of parts containing melamine resin is 25. By weight, the total melamine resin content is 15.3 wt%. In Example 5, the density was 54.8 kg / m ³ , and the evaluation of low smoke emission was "○".

Example 6 is an example in which ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2) is 25 parts by weight and other components are the same as in Example 5. Melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) and ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2). ) Is 35 parts by weight, the total number of parts containing melamine resin is 25 parts by weight, and the total content of melamine resin is 13.6% by weight. In Example 6, the density was 68.6 kg / m ³ , and the evaluation of low smoke emission was "○".

Example 7 is an example in which ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2) is 40 parts by weight and other components are the same as in Example 5. Melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) and ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2). ) Is 50 parts by weight, the total melamine resin content is 25 parts by weight, and the total melamine resin content is 12.6% by weight. In Example 7, the density was 69.3 kg / m ³ , and the evaluation of low smoke emission was "○".

Example 8 is an example in which ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2) is 55 parts by weight and other components are the same as in Example 5. Melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) and ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2). ) Is 65 parts by weight, the total number of parts containing melamine resin is 25 parts by weight, and the total content of melamine resin is 11.7% by weight. In Example 8, the density was 70.6 kg / m ³ , and the evaluation of low smoke emission was "○".

In Example 9, 40 parts by weight of the polyether polyol (polypoly 1) and 60 parts by weight of the melamine resin-containing polyol (polypoly 2) are used as the polyol component, and 20 parts by weight of the melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) is used. In this example, the amount of ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2) is 15 parts by weight, the total amount of melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) and ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2) is 35 parts by weight, and the total number of parts containing melamine resin is 35. By weight, the total melamine resin content is 19.1% by weight. In Example 9, the density was 75.4 kg / m ³ , and the evaluation of low smoke emission was "○".

Example 10 is an example in which the melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) is 30 parts by weight and the other components are the same as in Example 9, and the melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) and ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2) are used. ) Is 45 parts by weight, the total number of parts containing melamine resin is 45 parts by weight, and the total content of melamine resin is 23.3% by weight. In Example 10, the density was 77.5 kg / m ³ , and the evaluation of low smoke emission was "○".

Example 11 is an example in which the melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) is 40 parts by weight and the other components are the same as in Example 9. The melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) and ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2) are used. ) Is 55 parts by weight, the total number of parts containing melamine resin is 55 parts by weight, and the total content of melamine resin is 27.0% by weight. In Example 11, the density was 78.9 kg / m ³ , and the evaluation of low smoke emission was "○".

Example 12 is an example in which the melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) is 50 parts by weight and the other components are the same as in Example 9. The melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) and ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2) are used. ) Is 65 parts by weight, the total number of parts containing melamine resin is 65 parts by weight, and the total content of melamine resin is 30.5% by weight. In Example 12, the density was 80.9 kg / m ³ , and the evaluation of low smoke emission was "○".

Comparative Example 1 is an example in which 80 parts by weight of a polyether polyol (polypoly 1) and 20 parts by weight of a melamine resin-containing polyol (polypoly 2) are used as the polyol component, and other components are the same as in Example 1. The total amount of melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) and ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2) is 25 parts by weight, the total number of parts containing melamine resin is 15 parts by weight, and the total content of melamine resin is 8.6% by weight. .. In Comparative Example 1, the density was 53.5 kg / m ³ , and the evaluation of low smoke emission was unacceptable “x”.

Comparative Example 2 is an example in which only the polyether polyol (polypoly 1) is used as the polyol component and the other components are the same as in Example 1. Melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) and ammonium polyphosphate (difficulty). The total amount of the flame retardant 2) is 25 parts by weight, the total number of parts containing the melamine resin is 10 parts by weight, and the total content of the melamine resin is 5.7% by weight. In Comparative Example 2, the density was 54.9 kg / m ³ , and the evaluation of low smoke emission was unacceptable “x”.

In Comparative Example 3, 40 parts by weight of the polyether polyol (polypoly 1) and 60 parts by weight of the melamine resin-containing polyol (polypoly 2) were used as the polyol component, and 0 part by weight of ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2). , The other components are the same as in Example 1. The total amount of the melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) and the ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2) is 10 parts by weight, and the total number of parts containing the melamine resin is 25 parts by weight. , The total melamine resin content is 15.8% by weight. In Comparative Example 3, the density was 52.8 kg / m ³ , and the evaluation of low smoke emission was a pass level until 40 seconds after combustion, but was a failure “x” 60 seconds after combustion.

In Comparative Example 4, only the melamine resin-containing polyol (polyol 2) was used as the polyol component, only tris (dichloropropyl) phosphate (flame retardant 5) was used as the flame retardant, and the other components were used in the same manner as in Example 1. The total amount of melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) and ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2) is 0 parts by weight, the total number of melamine resin contents is 25 parts by weight, and the total melamine resin content is 15.1 parts by weight. %. In Comparative Example 4, the density was 62.1 kg / m ³ , and the evaluation of low smoke emission was unacceptable “x”.

In Comparative Example 5, only the polyether polyol (polyol 3) was used as the polyol component, only the tris (β-chloropropyl) phosphate (flame retardant 4) was used as the flame retardant, and the other components were the same as in Example 1. The total amount of the melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) and the ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2) is 0 parts by weight, the total number of parts containing the melamine resin is 0 parts by weight, and the total amount of the melamine resin is 0% by weight. Is. In Comparative Example 5, the density was 60.8 kg / m ³ , and the evaluation of low smoke emission was a pass level until 40 seconds after combustion, but was rejected “x” 60 seconds after combustion.

In Comparative Example 6, only the polyether polyol (polypoly 3) was used as the polyol component, and 25 parts by weight of the melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) and 5 parts by weight of the phosphoric acid ester (flame retardant 3) were used as the flame retardant. As an example, the total amount of melamine resin powder (flame retardant 1) and ammonium polyphosphate (flame retardant 2) is 25 parts by weight, the total number of parts containing melamine resin is 25 parts by weight, and the total content of melamine resin is 13.7% by weight. Is. In Comparative Example 6, the density was 54.9 kg / m ³ , and the evaluation of low smoke emission was unacceptable “x”.

As described above, the polyurethane foam of the present invention has excellent low smoke emission and is suitable for seat cushions used in railway vehicles or aircraft.

11: Block 15: Transparent acrylic resin case 17: Flashlight 19: Illuminance meter 20: Tripod 21: Wire mesh 23: Aluminum case 25: Sample 27: Gas burner

Claims (3)

In a polyurethane foam obtained from a polyurethane foam composition containing a polyol component, a catalyst, a foaming agent, a flame retardant and an isocyanate.
The polyol component contains a melamine resin-containing polyol and contains
The flame retardant contains both melamine resin and ammonium polyphosphate.
The total amount of the melamine resin contained in the melamine resin-containing polyol and the amount of the melamine resin as the flame retardant is 16 parts by weight or more with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyol component .
A polyurethane foam characterized in that the amount of ammonium polyphosphate as the flame retardant is 5 to 55 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyol component . The total amount of the melamine resin contained in the melamine resin-containing polyol and the amount of the melamine resin as the flame retardant is 20 to 65 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyol component.
The polyurethane foam according to claim 1, wherein the total amount of both the melamine resin as the flame retardant and the ammonium polyphosphate component is 15 to 65 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyol component. In a polyurethane foam composition containing a polyol component, a catalyst, a foaming agent, a flame retardant and an isocyanate,
The polyol component contains a melamine resin-containing polyol and contains
The flame retardant contains both melamine resin and ammonium polyphosphate .
The total amount of the melamine resin contained in the melamine resin-containing polyol and the amount of the melamine resin as the flame retardant is 16 parts by weight or more with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyol component.
The polyurethane foam composition is characterized in that the amount of ammonium polyphosphate as the flame retardant is 5 to 55 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyol component.

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