JP7025752B2 - Psychodidae generation suppression device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a device for suppressing the occurrence of butterfly flies .

Psychodidae can occur in large numbers in sewage systems such as sewage sludge, and are known as unpleasant pests. In addition to Psychodidae, pests generated from sludge are known. Conventionally, these pests have been exterminated by spraying drugs. However, in extermination by drug spraying, complete extermination is difficult with one spraying, and it is necessary to spray the drug many times. In addition, there was concern about the risk of chemical substances contained in pesticides, which are drugs, spreading into the environment when exterminating by spraying drugs.

As a method of exterminating pests other than extermination by spraying a drug, a method of killing pests by using electricity is known. For example, pest-dwelling areas such as agricultural land, green areas, and paddy fields are filled with water to the extent that they are conductive, and a positive electrode is placed at one of the different positions of the watered place, and a negative electrode is placed at the other position. There is known a method of killing inhabiting pests by electric shock by applying a high voltage to the (Patent Document 1).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 5-308880

However, the insecticidal method described in Patent Document 1 requires a large-scale generator and a high-voltage power source because it uses a high-voltage current, and cannot easily suppress the generation of pests.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and provides a Psychodidae generation suppression device capable of simply suppressing the generation of Psychodidae in sludge.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and one aspect of the present invention is provided in a sludge containing a positive electrode and an organic substance and a microorganism that decomposes the organic substance, and the microorganism is the organic substance . It is sandwiched between a negative electrode that generates an electromotive force between the positive electrode and the positive electrode by adsorbing electrons generated by the organic substance by decomposing the substance , and the microorganism causes the organic substance to be sandwiched between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. It is a butterfly fly generation suppression device including an insulating layer that mediates hydrogen ions generated by the organic substance by decomposition .

Further, in one aspect of the present invention, in the above-mentioned psychodidae generation suppressing device, the positive electrode and the negative electrode contain carbon.

Further, in one aspect of the present invention, in the above-mentioned psychodidae generation suppressing device, the insulating layer also serves as a filter medium for allowing moisture contained in the sludge to permeate by gravity to dehydrate the sludge .

According to the present invention, the generation of Psychodidae in sludge can be easily suppressed.

It is a figure which shows the outline of the biological development suppression apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the structure of the biological development suppression apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the structure of the layer of the biological development suppression apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the structure of the voltage measurement open circuit which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the structure of the closed circuit which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the result of power generation which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the occurrence number of pests in the voltage measurement open circuit which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the generation number of pests when copper slag is used in the closed circuit which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the generation number of pests when the glass is used in the closed circuit which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the structure of the biological generation suppression apparatus for paddy field which concerns on the modification of embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the structure of the open circuit of the comparative object of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the occurrence number of pests in the open circuit of the comparative object of this invention.

(First Embodiment)
(Configuration of biological development control device)
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a sludge dewatering device 1 including a biological generation suppression device D1 according to the present embodiment. In the present embodiment, the sludge dewatering device 1 is installed in a sewage sludge MW treatment facility in a sewer as an example.
The sludge dewatering device 1 is configured by using, for example, a polyethylene tubular container VC (for example, a trash can), and is provided with a sludge depositing portion M, an insulator filter medium F, and a water accommodating portion A inside thereof. ing.

The sewage sludge MW containing water is charged from the upper input port of the sludge accumulation portion M of the sludge dehydrator 1. The charged sewage sludge MW is deposited in a layer on the upper part of the insulator filter medium F. The insulator filter medium F has a network structure that allows the moisture of the sewage sludge MW to pass through but does not allow the solid matter in the sewage sludge MW to pass through. Specifically, as the insulator filter medium F, glass cullet, copper slag, or the like recycled from industrial waste is used. Moisture contained in the sewage sludge MW deposited on the upper part of the insulator filter medium F moves vertically downward due to gravity. This water passes through the insulator filter medium F and falls into the water accommodating portion A. That is, the insulator filter medium F is a filter medium that dehydrates the sewage sludge MW by allowing the moisture contained in the sewage sludge MW to permeate by gravity.
In this way, the sludge dehydrator 1 removes water from the sewage sludge MW to reduce the weight of the sewage sludge MW, thereby making it easier to dispose of the sewage sludge MW.

Here, the sewage sludge MW may contain pest eggs. The pest is, for example, a butterfly fly. Psychodidae and Psychodidae are known as the types of butterfly flies. Psychodidae larvae live in the sludge of imperfect gutters such as septic tanks, sewage retention layers, barns, and farms. Since it takes a certain amount of time to dehydrate the sewage sludge MW by the sludge dehydrating device 1 described above, the eggs of the pests in the sewage sludge MW may hatch during the dehydration operation, and larvae and adults of the pests may be generated. ..
The biological development control device D1 of the present embodiment is configured as a part of the sludge dewatering device 1 and suppresses the hatching of pest eggs during the dewatering operation.
Hereinafter, the configuration of the biological development suppression device D1 will be described. The biological development suppression device D1 includes an anode EA, a cathode EC, and a current circuit C. The current circuit C includes a conductor CD1, a resistor R, and a conductor CD2.

Next, with reference to FIG. 2, the mechanism by which the biological generation suppression device D1 generates a weak voltage in the sewage sludge MW of the sludge deposit portion M will be described.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the biological development suppression device D1 according to the present embodiment. An insulator filter medium F is provided below the sludge accumulation portion M. A water accommodating portion A is provided below the insulator filter medium F. An anode (negative electrode) EA is provided in the sludge depositing portion M in contact with the insulator filter medium F. A cathode (positive electrode) EC is installed in the water accommodating portion A in contact with the insulator filter medium F. The water accommodating portion A forms an air layer. The cathode EC may be supported by a support portion (not shown) provided in the water accommodating portion A and may be in contact with the insulator filter medium F. Here, the indicator is, for example, an artificial lawn.

The biological generation suppression device D1 generates a weak voltage in the sewage sludge MW of the sludge accumulation portion M by utilizing the mechanism of the microbial fuel cell. Since the anode EA is installed in the sludge depositing portion M, a weak voltage is generated in the sewage sludge MW of the sludge depositing portion M.

Here, the operating principle of the microbial fuel cell is as follows.
The sewage sludge MW contains an organic matter O and a microorganism that decomposes the organic matter O. Microorganisms contained in sewage sludge MW generate hydrogen ions (protons) and electrons by oxidatively decomposing organic matter O. The generated electrons are collected by the anode EA installed in the sewage sludge MW of the sludge deposit portion M. On the other hand, the generated hydrogen ions pass through the insulator filter medium F with the movement of water due to gravity, and reach the cathode EC installed on the water accommodating portion A side of the insulator filter medium F. That is, the insulator filter medium F sandwiched between the cathode EC and the anode EA mediates hydrogen ions.
The anode EA and the cathode EC are electrically connected to each other via the current circuit C. The electrons recovered by the anode EA are supplied to the cathode EC via the current circuit C. Electrons supplied through the conductors of the current circuit C (conductors CD1 and CD2), hydrogen ions supplied by water passing through the insulator filter medium F, and oxygen contained in the air around the cathode EC are combined. By doing so, water is produced. The current I is generated by the movement of electrons from the anode EA to the cathode EC on the conductors (lead wire CD1 and lead wire CD2) of the current circuit C. That is, the anode EA generates an electromotive force with the cathode EC by adsorbing the electrons generated by the organic matter O by the microorganisms contained in the sewage sludge MW decomposing the organic matter O.
That is, the biological generation suppression device D1 functions as a microbial fuel cell using organic matter O contained in the sewage sludge MW as fuel.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of the layer of the biological development suppression device D1 according to the present embodiment. The water contained in the sewage sludge MW flowing into the biological generation suppression device D1 is filtered by the insulator filter medium F and exudes into the water storage portion A as filtered water FW. The anode EA is maintained in a reduced state by the sludge deposited as the deposit M. On the other hand, the cathode EC is in contact with the water accommodating portion A, and the oxidized state is maintained.

The anode EA and cathode EC are, for example, carbon rods and platinum. It is preferable that the anode EA and the cathode EC are carbon rods in terms of cost. That is, the anode EA and the cathode EC preferably contain carbon.
The insulator filter medium F is an insulator such as glass or copper slag. When the insulator filter medium F is glass, it is preferable that the glass is recycled glass in terms of cost.

(Experimental result)
With reference to FIGS. 4 to 9, the results showing that the voltage generated by the biological generation suppression device D1 has the effect of suppressing the generation of pests in the sewage sludge MW will be described.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the voltage measurement open circuit C1 according to the present embodiment. In the voltage measurement open circuit C1, the resistor R is removed from the current circuit C of the biological generation suppression device D1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, and the anode EA and the cathode EC are connected by a voltmeter V. The voltmeter V measures the potential difference between the anode EA and the cathode EC. The first insulator filter medium F1 is glass as an example.
The internal resistance of the voltmeter V is such that the current flowing through the voltmeter V is weak and large to some extent.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the closed circuit C2 according to the present embodiment. In the closed circuit C2, the voltmeter V is connected in parallel with the resistance R without removing the resistance R. The second insulator filter medium F2 is, for example, copper slag or glass.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the result of power generation according to the present embodiment. The graph shown in FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the measured values of the voltmeter V and the number of days elapsed since the biological generation suppression device D1 was installed. The sewage sludge MW is charged in a predetermined amount at a time when the voltage is lowered so that the feed for microorganisms in the sewage sludge MW of the sludge accumulation portion M, that is, the fuel is not insufficient.

The first voltage graph G1 shows the measured value of the voltmeter V of the voltage measurement open circuit C1. The second voltage graph G2 shows the measured value of the voltmeter V of the closed circuit C2 when the copper slag is used as the second insulator filter medium F2. The third voltage graph G3 shows the measured value of the voltmeter V of the closed circuit C2 when the glass is used as the second insulator filter medium F2.

In the first voltage graph G1, after the fourth sewage sludge MW was charged, the measured value of the voltmeter V became the maximum of about 0.5 volt. Even when the sewage sludge MW was added after the 4th time, the measured value of the voltmeter V was around 0.3 volt.
In the second voltage graph G2, the measured value of the voltmeter V became the maximum of about 0.5 volt after the fourth sewage sludge MW was charged. The measured value of the voltmeter V decreased in the fourth and subsequent injections of the sewage sludge MW, but the measured value of the voltmeter V increased with each sewage sludge MW.
In the third voltage graph G3, after the second sewage sludge MW was charged, the measured value of the voltmeter V became the maximum of about 0.1 volt. The measured value of the voltmeter V did not increase when the sewage sludge MW was added after the 4th time.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the number of pests generated in the voltage measurement open circuit C1 according to the present embodiment. The first number graph N1 shows the relationship between the number of pests generated and the number of days elapsed since the biological generation control device D1 was installed. Psychodidae, which is a pest in this embodiment, becomes an adult through eggs, larvae, and pupae. The period from egg to adult is about 20 days for both Psychodidae and Psychodidae.
From the first number graph N1, it can be seen that no pests have occurred even after 100 days or more have passed. In the voltage measurement open circuit C1, since the internal resistance of the voltmeter V is large, only a weak current flows and almost no electric power is consumed. However, the biological generation suppression device D1 is a pest in the deposit M as long as it generates a voltage. Can be suppressed.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the number of pests generated when copper slag is used in the closed circuit C2 according to the present embodiment. The second number graph N2 shows the relationship between the number of pests generated and the number of days elapsed since the biological generation control device D1 was installed.
From the second number graph N2, it can be seen that no pests have occurred even after 100 days or more have passed.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the number of pests generated when glass is used in the closed circuit C2 according to the present embodiment. The third number graph N3 shows the relationship between the number of pests generated and the number of days elapsed since the biological generation control device D1 was installed.
From the third number graph N3, it can be seen that the pests occurred on the 32nd day and increased sharply after the 57th day. On the 90th day, about 700 pests occurred. From the third number graph N3 shown in FIG. 9 and the third voltage graph G3 shown in FIG. 6, it can be seen that the generation of voltage is necessary in order to suppress the generation of pests.

Here, for comparison, FIGS. 11 and 12 will be referred to, and the result of using the open circuit C0 without wiring will be described.
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the open circuit C0 to be compared. In the open circuit C0, the resistance R is removed from the current circuit C of the biological generation suppression device D1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. Therefore, no potential difference is generated between the anode EA and the cathode EC.
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of the number of pests generated in the open circuit C0 to be compared. The comparative number graph N0 shows the relationship between the number of pests generated and the number of days elapsed since the biological generation control device D1 was installed.
From the comparative number graph N0, it can be seen that the pests occurred on the 27th day and increased sharply after the 59th day. On the 90th day, about 300 pests occurred. From the comparative number graph N0, it can be seen that the generation of voltage is necessary to suppress the generation of pests.

(summary)
As described above, the biological generation suppression device D1 according to the present embodiment includes a positive electrode (cathode EC), a negative electrode (anode EA), and an insulating layer (insulator filter medium F).
The negative electrode (anode EA) is provided in a substance (sediment M) containing an organic substance O and a living thing, and an electromotive force is generated between the negative electrode (cathode EC) and the positive electrode (cathode EC) by adsorbing electrons generated by the organic substance O. Cause.
The insulating layer (insulator filter medium F) is sandwiched between a positive electrode (cathode EC) and a negative electrode (anode EA) and mediates hydrogen ions generated by an organic substance O.

With this configuration, the biological generation suppression device D1 according to the present embodiment can generate a weak voltage in the sludge, so that the generation of pests in the sludge can be easily suppressed. In the biological generation suppression device D1 according to the present embodiment, the generation of pests in sludge can be suppressed by a weak electric current without using an insecticide.

Further, the positive electrode (cathode EC) and the negative electrode (anode EA) of the present embodiment contain carbon.
With this configuration, the biological generation suppression device D1 according to the present embodiment can suppress the generation of pests in sludge at a lower cost than when the positive electrode (cathode EC) and the negative electrode (anode EA) do not contain carbon. ..

Further, the insulating layer (insulator filter medium F) of the present embodiment also serves as a filter medium for dehydrating the substance (sewage sludge MW) by allowing water contained in the substance (sewage sludge MW) to permeate by gravity.
Generally, in a microbial fuel cell, a proton exchange membrane is used between the anode side and the cathode side in order to selectively move hydrogen ions (protons) while inhibiting the movement of electrons from the anode side to the cathode side. (PEM: Proton Exchange Membrane) may be provided.
In the biological generation suppression device D1 of the present embodiment, the insulator filter medium F, which is a filter medium for dehydrating the sewage sludge MW, constitutes an insulating layer, and the water falling due to gravity is used as a means for moving hydrogen ions. .. Therefore, the biodevelopment suppression device D1 of the present embodiment does not require the proton exchange membrane required in the conventional general microbial fuel cell.
Therefore, according to the biological generation suppression device D1 of the present embodiment, the microbial fuel cell can be constructed of a simple material such as recycled glass or copper slag.
Further, according to the biological generation suppression device D1 of the present embodiment, since the insulator filter medium F, which is a filter medium for dehydration, also serves as an insulating layer, the sludge dehydration device 1 and the biological generation suppression device D1 are combined into one device. Easy to configure as. Therefore, according to the biological generation suppression device D1 of the present embodiment, it is possible to achieve both weight reduction of waste by dehydration of sludge and suppression of generation of pests from sludge during dehydration by one device.

(Modification example)
In the above embodiment, as an example, the case where the biological generation control device D1 is included in the sludge dehydration device 1 and installed in the sewage sludge MW treatment facility in the sewage has been described. The installation location is not limited to this. The biological generation control device D1 may be installed in a garbage collection container containing garbage or the like. In addition, the biological generation suppression device D1 may be installed in a paddy field. Here, as a modification of the above embodiment, the paddy field biological generation suppression device D2 installed in the paddy field will be described.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the paddy field biological generation suppression device D2 according to the present modification. Comparing the biological growth control device D2 for paddy fields shown in FIG. 10 with the biological growth control device D1 shown in FIG. 2, the sludge accumulation portion M provided with the anode EA is located below the biological growth control device D2 for paddy fields. The difference is that the aqueous layer W is provided above the deposit M and the insulator filter medium F is not provided.

The cathode EC is provided in the water layer W, and hydrogen ions generated on the side of the anode EA move upward in the water layer W. Here, the water layer W is the water spread over the paddy field. Although the water layer W is not fresh water, it almost insulates the cathode EC provided in the water layer W and the anode EA provided in the deposit M. An insulator filter medium Fa may be provided between the deposit M and the aqueous layer W. When the insulator filter medium Fa provided between the deposit M and the aqueous layer W is provided, the insulator filter medium Fa is, for example, a thin-film insulator.
The biological generation suppression device D2 for paddy fields can easily suppress the generation of pests in mud in paddy fields.

Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to the above, and various design changes and the like are made without departing from the gist of the present invention. It is possible to do.

D1 ... Biological suppression device, VC ... Cylindrical container, M ... Sludge deposit part, F ... Insulator filter medium, A ... Water accommodating part, EA ... Anode, EC ... Cathode, C ... Current circuit, C1 ... Voltage measurement open circuit , F1 ... 1st insulator filter medium, C2 ... closed circuit, F2 ... 2nd insulator filter medium, V ... voltmeter, D2 ... paddy field biogenic suppression device, W ... water layer

Claims (3)

With a positive electrode,
It is provided in a sludge containing an organic substance and a microorganism that decomposes the organic substance, and the microorganism adsorbs an electron generated by the organic substance by decomposing the organic substance to generate an electromotive force between the positive electrode and the positive electrode. With negative electrodes,
An insulating layer sandwiched between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, which mediates hydrogen ions generated by the organic substance by the microorganism decomposing the organic substance,
A device for suppressing the occurrence of butterfly flies . The butterfly fly generation suppressing device according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode contain carbon. The butterfly fly generation suppressing device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the insulating layer also serves as a filter medium for allowing moisture contained in the sludge to permeate by gravity to dehydrate the sludge .

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