JP7055989B2 - Lubricating oil composition, system, and lubrication method - Google Patents
Lubricating oil composition, system, and lubrication method Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、潤滑油組成物、並びに、当該潤滑油組成物を用いたシステム及び潤滑方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition, and a system and a lubricating method using the lubricating oil composition.
様々な分野において、摩擦低減効果の高い潤滑油組成物が求められている。例えば、自動車が搭載するエンジンに用いられる潤滑油組成物には、摩擦係数をより低減させ、省燃費性の向上が求められている。
一般的に、摩擦低減効果の高い潤滑油組成物とするために、モリブデン系化合物等の摩擦調整剤が使用される場合が多い。
例えば、特許文献１には、潤滑油基油に、ポリメタクレート系粘度指数向上剤及びサリシレート系清浄剤と共に、有機モリブデン化合物を所定量含有した潤滑油組成物が開示されている。
Lubricating oil compositions having a high friction reducing effect are required in various fields. For example, a lubricating oil composition used in an engine mounted on an automobile is required to further reduce the coefficient of friction and improve fuel efficiency.
In general, a friction modifier such as a molybdenum compound is often used in order to obtain a lubricating oil composition having a high friction reducing effect.
For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a lubricating oil composition containing a predetermined amount of an organic molybdenum compound together with a polymethacrate-based viscosity index improver and a salicylate-based cleaning agent in a lubricating oil base oil.
ところで、一般的な潤滑油組成物は、粘度を低くすることにより、ストライベック曲線で表されるように、流体潤滑領域では摩擦係数は低くなる一方で、粘度を低くし過ぎると境界潤滑領域に移行して、固体接触することで摩擦係数が増加することが知られている。
これまで、潤滑油組成物の低粘度化によって、流体潤滑領域での摩擦係数の低減が図られてきた。しかしながら、潤滑油組成物を低粘度化し過ぎると、摺動速度の低速時や高面圧の条件では油膜が薄くなり、境界潤滑領域へ移行し、摩擦係数が増加して、油膜が維持できず摩耗の問題が生じる恐れがある。
By the way, in a general lubricating oil composition, the friction coefficient is lowered in the fluid lubrication region as represented by the Stribeck curve by lowering the viscosity, but when the viscosity is too low, the boundary lubrication region is formed. It is known that the coefficient of friction increases due to the transition and solid contact.
So far, the coefficient of friction in the fluid lubrication region has been reduced by reducing the viscosity of the lubricating oil composition. However, if the viscosity of the lubricating oil composition is made too low, the oil film becomes thin under the conditions of low sliding speed and high surface pressure, shifts to the boundary lubrication region, the friction coefficient increases, and the oil film cannot be maintained. Wear problems may occur.
このような問題を防止するために、特許文献１に開示されたように、モリブデン系化合物等の添加剤を配合し、境界潤滑領域へ移行しても金属表面に平滑な反応被膜が形成されることで、摩擦係数を低減し、耐摩耗性を調整することが行われている。
ただし、モリブデン系化合物等の添加剤を配合せずとも、潤滑油組成物の粘度を状況に応じて適宜変化させることができれば、境界潤滑領域への移行を阻止して、流体潤滑領域内で最適な粘度で摺動できるため、前記添加剤を配合した際と同程度の摩擦低減効果が得られることが期待される。
In order to prevent such a problem, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, a smooth reaction film is formed on the metal surface even when an additive such as a molybdenum compound is blended and the metal surface is transferred to the boundary lubrication region. As a result, the coefficient of friction is reduced and the wear resistance is adjusted.
However, if the viscosity of the lubricating oil composition can be appropriately changed according to the situation without adding an additive such as a molybdenum-based compound, the transition to the boundary friction region can be prevented and the optimum value can be obtained in the fluid lubrication region. Since it can slide with a high viscosity, it is expected that the same level of friction reducing effect as when the additive is added can be obtained.
本発明は、上記事情に鑑みてなされたもので、摺動条件に対して最適な粘度に適宜変化させ、境界潤滑領域への移行を阻止し、流体潤滑領域に留めることにより、優れた摩擦低減効果を継続的に発現し得る潤滑油組成物、並びに、当該潤滑油組成物を用いたシステム及び潤滑方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is excellent in friction reduction by appropriately changing the viscosity to the optimum value for the sliding conditions, preventing the transition to the boundary lubrication region, and keeping the viscosity in the fluid lubrication region. It is an object of the present invention to provide a lubricating oil composition capable of continuously exhibiting an effect, and a system and a lubricating method using the lubricating oil composition.
本発明者らは、１ｋＶ／ｍｍの電場を印加した前後でのせん断粘度比が所定値以上となる基材流体を含む潤滑油組成物が、上記課題を解決し得ることを見い出した。
すなわち本発明は、下記［１］～［３］を提供する。
［１］２５℃で、１ｋＶ／ｍｍの電場を印加した際のせん断粘度Ｖ１と、当該電場を印加する前のせん断粘度Ｖ０とのせん断粘度比〔Ｖ１／Ｖ０〕が２．０以上となる基材流体を含む、潤滑油組成物。
［２］上記［１］に記載の潤滑油組成物を、電場を印加可能な摺動部分に用いた、システム。
［３］上記［１］に記載の潤滑油組成物を、電場を印加可能な摺動部分に用いる、潤滑方法。
The present inventors have found that a lubricating oil composition containing a base fluid having a shear viscosity ratio of a predetermined value or more before and after applying an electric field of 1 kV / mm can solve the above-mentioned problems.
That is, the present invention provides the following [1] to [3].
[1] The shear viscosity ratio [V 1 / V 0 ] between the shear viscosity V 1 when an electric field of 1 kV / mm is applied at 25 ° C. and the shear viscosity V 0 before applying the electric field is 2.0. A lubricating oil composition containing the above-mentioned substrate fluid.
[2] A system in which the lubricating oil composition according to the above [1] is used for a sliding portion to which an electric field can be applied.
[3] A lubrication method in which the lubricating oil composition according to the above [1] is used for a sliding portion to which an electric field can be applied.
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、摺動条件に対して最適な粘度に適宜変化させ、境界潤滑領域への移行を阻止し、流体潤滑領域に留めることにより、優れた摩擦低減効果を継続的に発現させ得る。 The lubricating oil composition of the present invention continuously has an excellent friction reducing effect by appropriately changing the viscosity to the optimum viscosity for sliding conditions, preventing the transition to the boundary lubricating region, and keeping the lubricating oil composition in the fluid lubricating region. Can be expressed.
〔潤滑油組成物〕
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、２５℃で、１ｋＶ／ｍｍの電場を印加した際のせん断粘度Ｖ１と、当該電場を印加する前のせん断粘度Ｖ０とのせん断粘度比〔Ｖ１／Ｖ０〕が２．０以上となる基材流体を含む。
また、本発明の一態様の潤滑油組成物は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、潤滑油用添加剤を含有してもよい。
[Lubricating oil composition]
The lubricating oil composition of the present invention has a shear viscosity ratio [V 1 / V] of a shear viscosity V 1 when an electric field of 1 kV / mm is applied at 25 ° C. and a shear viscosity V 0 before the electric field is applied. 0 ] includes a substrate fluid having a value of 2.0 or more.
Further, the lubricating oil composition according to one aspect of the present invention may contain an additive for lubricating oil as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
なお、本発明の一態様の潤滑油組成物において、前記基材流体の含有量は、当該潤滑油組成物の全量（１００質量％）基準で、好ましくは３０質量％以上、より好ましくは５０質量％以上、更に好ましくは７０質量％以上、より更に好ましくは８０質量％以上、特に好ましくは９０質量％以上である。 In the lubricating oil composition of one aspect of the present invention, the content of the base material fluid is preferably 30% by mass or more, more preferably 50% by mass, based on the total amount (100% by mass) of the lubricating oil composition. % Or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, still more preferably 80% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 90% by mass or more.
＜基材流体＞
本発明の潤滑油組成物に含まれる基材流体は、２５℃で、１ｋＶ／ｍｍの電場を印加した際のせん断粘度Ｖ１と、当該電場を印加する前のせん断粘度Ｖ０とのせん断粘度比〔Ｖ１／Ｖ０〕が２．０以上となる。
本発明で用いる基材流体は、１ｋＶ／ｍｍの電場を印加することでせん断粘度が増加する流体である。
<Base fluid>
The base fluid contained in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention has a shear viscosity V 1 when an electric field of 1 kV / mm is applied at 25 ° C. and a shear viscosity V 0 before the electric field is applied. The ratio [V 1 / V 0 ] is 2.0 or more.
The base fluid used in the present invention is a fluid whose shear viscosity increases by applying an electric field of 1 kV / mm.
例えば、ピストン・リングライナー間の摩擦を低減するためには、まず、ピストンが動く中間領域の粘度を低くすればよい。このような中間領域では、潤滑油組成物の粘度を低くしても摩耗による心配が少ない。一方で、上下運動をするピストンの上下限となる死点付近では、ピストンの速度が低下するため、潤滑油組成物の粘度を低くし過ぎると、油膜が保持できず、摩耗の恐れがある。
それに対して、本発明の潤滑油組成物は、電場の印加の有無によって粘度が変化する基材流体を含むため、ピストンが動く中間領域では粘度を低くして摩擦を低減し、一方で、死点付近では、電場を印加することで粘度を高くし、油膜を保持させ、耐摩耗性の低下を抑えることができる。
For example, in order to reduce the friction between the piston and the ring liner, first, the viscosity of the intermediate region where the piston moves may be lowered. In such an intermediate region, even if the viscosity of the lubricating oil composition is lowered, there is little concern about wear. On the other hand, in the vicinity of the dead center, which is the upper and lower limits of the piston that moves up and down, the speed of the piston decreases. Therefore, if the viscosity of the lubricating oil composition is too low, the oil film cannot be held and there is a risk of wear.
On the other hand, since the lubricating oil composition of the present invention contains a substrate fluid whose viscosity changes depending on the presence or absence of an electric field, the viscosity is lowered in the intermediate region where the piston moves to reduce friction, while death. In the vicinity of the point, the viscosity can be increased by applying an electric field, the oil film can be held, and the deterioration of abrasion resistance can be suppressed.
そして、本発明者らの検討によれば、前記せん断粘度比〔Ｖ１／Ｖ０〕が２．０以上となる基材流体を用いた潤滑油組成物であれば、電場を印加することで、摺動条件に対して最適な粘度に適宜変化させ、境界潤滑領域への移行を阻止し、流体潤滑領域に留めるように調整することができることが分かった。
その結果、本発明の潤滑油組成物を用いることで、油膜厚さを一定以上に保持し、流体潤滑領域内に留まるような最適な粘度で摺動することができるため、優れた摩擦低減効果を継続的に発現させることができる。
According to the study by the present inventors, if the lubricating oil composition uses a base fluid having a shear viscosity ratio [V 1 / V 0 ] of 2.0 or more, an electric field can be applied. It was found that the viscosity can be appropriately changed to the optimum viscosity for the sliding conditions, the transition to the boundary lubrication region can be prevented, and the viscosity can be adjusted to stay in the fluid lubrication region.
As a result, by using the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, it is possible to maintain the oil film thickness above a certain level and slide with an optimum viscosity so as to stay within the fluid lubrication region, so that an excellent friction reducing effect can be obtained. Can be continuously expressed.
なお、前記せん断粘度比〔Ｖ１／Ｖ０〕が２．０未満の基材流体を用いた潤滑油組成物は、電場の印加前後の粘度変化が小さいため、境界潤滑領域への移行を阻止することが難しく、摩擦低減効果が低い。
本発明で用いる基材流体のせん断粘度比〔Ｖ１／Ｖ０〕は、２．０以上であるが、上記観点から、好ましくは２．２以上、より好ましくは２．３以上、更に好ましくは３．０以上、より更に好ましくは４．０以上、特に好ましくは４．３以上である。
また、せん断安定性を良好とする観点から、本発明で用いる基材流体のせん断粘度比〔Ｖ１／Ｖ０〕は、好ましくは１５．０以下、より好ましくは１２．０以下、更に好ましくは１０．０以下、より更に好ましくは８．０以下である。
In addition, the lubricating oil composition using the base fluid having a shear viscosity ratio [V 1 / V 0 ] of less than 2.0 has a small change in viscosity before and after the application of an electric field, so that the transition to the boundary lubricating region is prevented. It is difficult to do, and the friction reduction effect is low.
The shear viscosity ratio [V 1 / V 0 ] of the substrate fluid used in the present invention is 2.0 or more, but from the above viewpoint, it is preferably 2.2 or more, more preferably 2.3 or more, still more preferably. It is 3.0 or more, more preferably 4.0 or more, and particularly preferably 4.3 or more.
Further, from the viewpoint of improving the shear stability, the shear viscosity ratio [V 1 / V 0 ] of the substrate fluid used in the present invention is preferably 15.0 or less, more preferably 12.0 or less, still more preferably. It is 10.0 or less, more preferably 8.0 or less.
本発明の一態様において、電場を印加する前の２５℃での基材流体のせん断粘度Ｖ０としては、好ましくは０．００５～８．００ｍＰａ・ｓ、より好ましくは０．０１０～６．００ｍＰａ・ｓ、更に好ましくは０．０１５～５．００ｍＰａ・ｓ、より更に好ましくは０．０２０～４．００ｍＰａ・ｓである。 In one aspect of the present invention, the shear viscosity V0 of the substrate fluid at 25 ° C. before applying an electric field is preferably 0.005 to 8.00 mPa · s, more preferably 0.010 to 6.00 mPa. -S, more preferably 0.015 to 5.00 mPa · s, and even more preferably 0.020 to 4.00 mPa · s.
本発明の一態様において、１ｋＶ／ｍｍの電場を印加した際の２５℃での基材流体のせん断粘度Ｖ１としては、好ましくは０．０１～１５．００ｍＰａ・ｓ、より好ましくは０．０２～１２．００ｍＰａ・ｓ、更に好ましくは０．０３～１０．００ｍＰａ・ｓ、より更に好ましくは０．０５～８．００ｍＰａ・ｓである。 In one aspect of the present invention, the shear viscosity V1 of the substrate fluid at 25 ° C. when an electric field of 1 kV / mm is applied is preferably 0.01 to 15.00 mPa · s, more preferably 0.02. It is ~ 12.00 mPa · s, more preferably 0.03 ~ 10.00 mPa · s, still more preferably 0.05 ~ 8.00 mPa · s.
本発明の一態様で用いる基材流体としては、前記せん断粘度比〔Ｖ１／Ｖ０〕の調整の観点から、ＥＲ流体（電気粘性流体）を含むことが好ましい。
前記ＥＲ流体の含有量としては、前記基材流体の全量（１００質量％）基準で、好ましくは３０～１００質量％、より好ましくは４０～１００質量％、更に好ましくは５０～１００質量％、より更に好ましくは６０～１００質量％である。
The base fluid used in one aspect of the present invention preferably contains an ER fluid (electrorheological fluid) from the viewpoint of adjusting the shear viscosity ratio [V 1 / V 0 ].
The content of the ER fluid is preferably 30 to 100% by mass, more preferably 40 to 100% by mass, still more preferably 50 to 100% by mass, based on the total amount (100% by mass) of the base fluid. More preferably, it is 60 to 100% by mass.
本発明の一態様で用いるＥＲ流体としては、分散型ＥＲ流体であってもよく、均一型ＥＲ流体であってもよい。
分散型ＥＲ流体としては、微粒子を電気絶縁性液体に分散させた流体が挙げられる。
当該微粒子としては、例えば、シリカ、イオン交換樹脂、ポリアクリル酸の金属塩等の含水微粒子、アルミニウム、炭素質粉末等の導電性微粒子、ポリアニリン、ポリアセンキノリン等の有機半導体微粒子、ゼオライト等が挙げられる。
本発明で用いるＥＲ流体は、電場の印加によりその粘性が可逆的に変化する流体を指し、例えば、イオン交換樹脂粒子、ゼオライト粒子、有機半導体粒子、表面を絶縁化した導電体粒子、液晶ポリマー粒子等を電気絶縁性液体に分散させた粒子系電気粘性流体や、ニトロメタン、ニトロベンゼン等の極性液体、強誘電性ポリマー溶液等を電気絶縁性液体に含有させた液体が挙げられる。
The ER fluid used in one aspect of the present invention may be a dispersed ER fluid or a uniform ER fluid.
Examples of the dispersed ER fluid include a fluid in which fine particles are dispersed in an electrically insulating liquid.
Examples of the fine particles include water-containing fine particles such as silica, ion exchange resin and metal salt of polyacrylic acid, conductive fine particles such as aluminum and carbonaceous powder, organic semiconductor fine particles such as polyaniline and polyacenequinolin, and zeolite. ..
The ER fluid used in the present invention refers to a fluid whose viscosity is reversibly changed by applying an electric field, for example, ion exchange resin particles, zeolite particles, organic semiconductor particles, surface-insulated conductor particles, and liquid crystal polymer particles. Examples thereof include a particle-based electrorheological fluid in which the above is dispersed in an electrically insulating liquid, a polar liquid such as nitromethane and nitrobenzene, and a liquid in which a strong dielectric polymer solution and the like are contained in the electrically insulating liquid.
均一型ＥＲ流体としては、ニトロメタン、ニトロベンゼン等の極性液体、液晶性化合物、強誘電性ポリマー溶液等を電気絶縁性液体に含有させた流体が挙げられ、液晶性化合物が好ましい。
液晶性化合物としては、液晶性を有する化合物であり、液晶分子の配向によりネマティック相、スメクティック相、コレステリック相、ディスコティック相等に分類される化合物である。
Examples of the uniform type ER fluid include a fluid in which a polar liquid such as nitromethane and nitrobenzene, a liquid crystal compound, and a strong dielectric polymer solution are contained in an electrically insulating liquid, and a liquid crystal compound is preferable.
The liquid crystal compound is a compound having a liquid crystal property, and is a compound classified into a nematic phase, a smectic phase, a cholesteric phase, a discotic phase and the like according to the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules.
具体的な液晶性化合物としては、例えば、ビフェニル系化合物、フェニルシクロヘキサン系化合物、ビフェニルシクロヘキサン系化合物、ピリミジン系化合物、フェニルビシクロヘキサン系化合物、フェニルエステル系化合物、安息香酸フェニルエステル系化合物、シクロヘキサンカルボン酸フェニルエステル系化合物、フェニルピリミジン系化合物、フェニルジオキサン系化合物、アルケニル系化合物、トラン系化合物、シクロヘキセン系化合物、アジン系化合物、ジアルケニルアジン系化合物、デカヒドロナフタレン系化合物、テトラヒドロナフタレン系化合物、ナフタレン系化合物、縮合環系化合物等が挙げられる。 Specific liquid crystal compounds include, for example, biphenyl compounds, phenylcyclohexane compounds, biphenylcyclohexane compounds, pyrimidine compounds, phenylbicyclohexane compounds, phenylester compounds, benzoic acid phenylester compounds, and cyclohexanecarboxylic acids. Phenyl ester compounds, phenylpyrimidine compounds, phenyldioxane compounds, alkenyl compounds, trans compounds, cyclohexene compounds, azine compounds, dialkenyl azine compounds, decahydronaphthalene compounds, tetrahydronaphthalene compounds, naphthalene compounds. Examples thereof include compounds and fused ring-based compounds.
本発明の一態様で用いるＥＲ流体としては、前記せん断粘度比〔Ｖ１／Ｖ０〕の調整の観点から、下記一般式（ａ－１）～（ａ－８）のいずれかで表される化合物が好ましい。 The ER fluid used in one aspect of the present invention is represented by any of the following general formulas (a-1) to (a-8) from the viewpoint of adjusting the shear viscosity ratio [V 1 / V 0 ]. Compounds are preferred.
上記一般式（ａ－１）～（ａ－８）中、ＲＡ、ＲＢ、Ｒは、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルコキシ基、シアノ基、又はハロゲン原子である。
ＲＡ、ＲＢ、Ｒとして選択し得る、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルコキシ基は、それぞれ独立に、直鎖であってもよく、分岐鎖であってもよいが、直鎖であることが好ましい。
また、アルキル基、アルケニル基、及びアルコキシ基の炭素数としては、それぞれ独立に、好ましくは１～１５、より好ましくは１～１２、更に好ましくは１～８、より更に好ましくは１～６である。
ｐは、それぞれ独立に、０～４の整数であり、好ましくは０～２の整数、より好ましくは０～１の整数である。
ｑは、それぞれ独立に、０～８の整数であり、好ましくは０～２の整数、より好ましくは０～１の整数である。
ｒは、それぞれ独立に、０～２の整数である。
In the above general formulas (a-1) to (a-8), RA , RB, and R are independently alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkoxy groups, cyano groups, or halogen atoms.
The alkyl group, alkenyl group, and alkoxy group, which can be selected as RA , RB, and R , may be independently linear or branched, but are preferably linear. ..
The carbon atoms of the alkyl group, the alkenyl group, and the alkoxy group are independently, preferably 1 to 15, more preferably 1 to 12, still more preferably 1 to 8, and even more preferably 1 to 6. ..
p is an integer of 0 to 4, preferably an integer of 0 to 2, and more preferably an integer of 0 to 1, respectively.
q is an integer of 0 to 8, preferably an integer of 0 to 2, and more preferably an integer of 0 to 1, respectively.
r is an integer of 0 to 2 independently of each other.
Ｌは、単結合、アルキレン基、－ＣＨ＝Ｎ－、－Ｎ＝Ｎ－、又は－Ｃ（＝Ｏ）－Ｏ－である。
なお、Ｌとして選択し得る、アルキレン基は、直鎖であってもよく、分岐鎖であってもよいが、直鎖であることが好ましい。
また、Ｌとして選択し得る、アルキレン基の炭素数としては、好ましくは１～１２、より好ましくは１～６、更に好ましくは１～４、より更に好ましくは１～２である。
L is a single bond, an alkylene group, -CH = N-, -N = N-, or -C (= O) -O-.
The alkylene group that can be selected as L may be a straight chain or a branched chain, but is preferably a straight chain.
The carbon number of the alkylene group that can be selected as L is preferably 1 to 12, more preferably 1 to 6, still more preferably 1 to 4, and even more preferably 1 to 2.
本発明の一態様で用いるＥＲ流体としては、前記せん断粘度比〔Ｖ１／Ｖ０〕の調整の観点から、下記一般式（ｂ－１）で表される化合物も好ましい。 As the ER fluid used in one aspect of the present invention, a compound represented by the following general formula (b-1) is also preferable from the viewpoint of adjusting the shear viscosity ratio [V 1 / V 0 ].
上記一般式（ｂ－１）中、ＲＡ、Ｒ、Ｌ、及びｐは、上記一般式（ａ－１）と同じであり、好適な官能基や数値範囲も同じである。
ＡＯは、炭素数２～４のオキシアルキレン基であり、オキシエチレン基（－ＣＨ２ＣＨ２Ｏ－）であることが好ましい。
ｘは０以上の整数であり、好ましくは０～１０の整数、より好ましくは１～３の整数である。
ｍ、ｎは、それぞれ独立に、１以上の数であり、好ましくは１～１００、より好ましくは１～６０、更に好ましくは１～４０である。なお、ｍ、ｎが異なる化合物の混合物である場合には、ｍ、ｎの平均値が当該範囲に属していればよい。
In the general formula (b-1), RA , R, L, and p are the same as those in the general formula (a-1), and suitable functional groups and numerical ranges are also the same.
AO is an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and is preferably an oxyethylene group (-CH 2 CH 2 O-).
x is an integer of 0 or more, preferably an integer of 0 to 10, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 3.
m and n are independently numbers of 1 or more, preferably 1 to 100, more preferably 1 to 60, and even more preferably 1 to 40. When m and n are a mixture of different compounds, the average value of m and n may be within the range.
なお、ＥＲ流体と共に、シリコーン系オイル、塩化パラフィン等のハロゲン化パラフィン、塩化ジフェニル、セバシン酸ブチル、トランスオイル等の電気絶縁性液体を加えてもよい。
これらの電気絶縁性液体の中でも、シリコーン系オイルが好ましい。
特に、ＥＲ流体として、前記一般式（ｂ－１）で表される化合物を含有する場合には、前記一般式（ｂ－１）中のｎが０となるシリコーン系化合物からなるシリコーン系オイルも含有することが好ましい。
Along with the ER fluid, a silicone-based oil, a halogenated paraffin such as paraffin chloride, an electrically insulating liquid such as diphenyl chloride, butyl sebacate, and trans oil may be added.
Among these electrically insulating liquids, silicone-based oils are preferable.
In particular, when the ER fluid contains a compound represented by the general formula (b-1), a silicone-based oil composed of a silicone-based compound in which n in the general formula (b-1) is 0 is also available. It is preferable to contain it.
前記電気絶縁性液体の含有量としては、前記基材流体の全量（１００質量％）基準で、好ましくは０～７０質量％、より好ましくは０～６０質量％、更に好ましくは０～５０質量％、より更に好ましくは０～４０質量％である。 The content of the electrically insulating liquid is preferably 0 to 70% by mass, more preferably 0 to 60% by mass, still more preferably 0 to 50% by mass, based on the total amount (100% by mass) of the base fluid. , More preferably 0 to 40% by mass.
＜潤滑油用添加剤＞
本発明の一態様の潤滑油組成物は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲において、さらに潤滑油用添加剤を含有してもよい。
このような潤滑油用添加剤としては、用途に応じて適宜選択されるが、例えば、酸化防止剤、消泡剤等が挙げられる。
これらの潤滑油用添加剤は、単独で又は２種以上を併用してもよい。
<Additives for lubricating oil>
The lubricating oil composition of one aspect of the present invention may further contain an additive for lubricating oil as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired.
Such additives for lubricating oil are appropriately selected depending on the intended use, and examples thereof include antioxidants and antifoaming agents.
These lubricant additives may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
これらの潤滑油用添加剤の各含有量は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲内で、適宜調整することができるが、潤滑油組成物の全量（１００質量％）基準で、通常０．００１～１５質量％、好ましくは０．００５～１０質量％、より好ましくは０．０１～８質量％である。 The content of each of these additives for lubricating oil can be appropriately adjusted within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention, but is usually 0.001 based on the total amount (100% by mass) of the lubricating oil composition. It is about 15% by mass, preferably 0.005 to 10% by mass, and more preferably 0.01 to 8% by mass.
〔潤滑油組成物の性状、用途〕
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、摺動速度が増減したり、面圧が増減するような環境下で使用しても、摺動条件に対して最適な粘度に適宜調整可能であり、境界潤滑領域への移行を阻止し、流体潤滑領域に留めることにより、優れた摩擦低減効果を継続的に発現させ得る。
そのため、本発明の一態様の潤滑油組成物は、継続的に摩擦低減効果が求められる用途に好適であり、特に、自動車、電車、航空機等の車両等に使用される内燃機関用潤滑油組成物（内燃機関用エンジンオイル）に適している。
ただし、本発明の一態様の潤滑油組成物は、他にも、パワーステアリングオイル、自動変速機油（ＡＴＦ）、無段変速機油（ＣＶＴＦ）、油圧作動油、タービン油、圧縮機油、工作機械用潤滑油、切削油、歯車油、流体軸受け油、転がり軸受け油等としての用途にも適用し得る。
[Characteristics and applications of lubricating oil composition]
The lubricating oil composition of the present invention can be appropriately adjusted to the optimum viscosity for sliding conditions even when used in an environment where the sliding speed increases or decreases or the surface pressure increases or decreases, and boundary lubrication. By preventing the transition to the region and keeping it in the fluid lubrication region, an excellent friction reducing effect can be continuously exhibited.
Therefore, the lubricating oil composition according to one aspect of the present invention is suitable for applications in which a continuous friction reducing effect is required, and in particular, a lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine used for vehicles such as automobiles, trains, and aircraft. Suitable for objects (engine oil for internal combustion engines).
However, the lubricating oil composition according to one aspect of the present invention is also used for power steering oil, automatic transmission fluid (ATF), stepless transmission oil (CVTF), hydraulic hydraulic oil, turbine oil, compressor oil, and machine tools. It can also be applied to applications such as lubricating oil, cutting oil, gear oil, fluid bearing oil, and rolling bearing oil.
また、本発明は、下記［１］に示すシステム及び下記［２］に示す潤滑方法も提供する。
［１］本発明の潤滑油組成物を、電場を印加可能な摺動部分に用いた、システム。
［２］本発明の潤滑油組成物を、電場を印加可能な摺動部分に用いる、潤滑方法。
上記［１］に記載のシステム、及び上記［２］に記載の潤滑方法において、印加する電場としては、好ましくは０．５～１０ｋＶ／ｍｍ、より好ましくは０．７５～７．５ｋＶ／ｍｍ、更に好ましくは１～５ｋＶ／ｍｍである。
The present invention also provides the system shown in the following [1] and the lubrication method shown in the following [2].
[1] A system in which the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is used for a sliding portion to which an electric field can be applied.
[2] A lubrication method in which the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is used for a sliding portion to which an electric field can be applied.
In the system according to the above [1] and the lubrication method according to the above [2], the electric field to be applied is preferably 0.5 to 10 kV / mm, more preferably 0.75 to 7.5 kV / mm. More preferably, it is 1 to 5 kV / mm.
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、１ｋＶ／ｍｍの電場を印加した前後で、せん断粘度比〔Ｖ１／Ｖ０〕が２．０以上となる基材流体を含む。そのため、本発明の当該潤滑油組成物を用いたシステム及び潤滑方法では、摺動部分での油膜が薄くなったとしても、摺動部分に電場を印加することで、油膜厚さを保持することができ、摩耗抑制することが可能となる。また、摩耗し難い摺動速度においては、電場を印加せずに粘度を低下させることにより、摩擦を低減することが可能となる。 The lubricating oil composition of the present invention contains a substrate fluid having a shear viscosity ratio [V 1 / V 0 ] of 2.0 or more before and after an electric field of 1 kV / mm is applied. Therefore, in the system and the lubricating method using the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, even if the oil film at the sliding portion becomes thin, the oil film thickness is maintained by applying an electric field to the sliding portion. It is possible to suppress wear. Further, at a sliding speed that is difficult to wear, it is possible to reduce friction by lowering the viscosity without applying an electric field.
次に、本発明を実施例により更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの例によって何ら限定されるものではない。 Next, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
実施例１
下記に示す３種の化合物を以下の配合量で配合した基材流体を試料油（Ｉ）とした。
・下記一般式（ｉ）中のｍ＝２０、ｎ＝１１となるＥＲ流体、試料油（Ｉ）の全量（１００質量％）基準での配合量＝４５質量％。
・下記一般式（ｉ）中のｍ＝２９、ｎ＝１６．３となるＥＲ流体、試料油（Ｉ）の全量（１００質量％）基準での配合量＝２２質量％。
・下記一般式（ｉ）中のｍ＝２５、ｎ＝０となるシリコーン系オイル、試料油（Ｉ）の全量（１００質量％）基準での配合量＝３３質量％。
Example 1
The base fluid in which the following three compounds were blended in the following blending amounts was used as the sample oil (I).
The blending amount of the ER fluid having m = 20 and n = 11 in the following general formula (i) and the sample oil (I) based on the total amount (100% by mass) = 45% by mass.
The blending amount of the ER fluid having m = 29 and n = 16.3 in the following general formula (i) and the sample oil (I) based on the total amount (100% by mass) = 22% by mass.
-The blending amount of the silicone-based oil having m = 25 and n = 0 in the following general formula (i) and the sample oil (I) based on the total amount (100% by mass) = 33% by mass.
実施例２
下記一般式（ii）で表される化合物からなる基材流体を試料油（II）とした。
The base fluid composed of the compound represented by the following general formula (ii) was used as the sample oil (II).
比較例１
ＡＰＩ基油カテゴリーのグループ３に分類され、４０℃動粘度が１８．４ｍｍ２／ｓ、粘度指数２３２であるパラフィン系鉱油を試料油（III）とした。
Comparative Example 1
A paraffinic mineral oil having a kinematic viscosity of 18.4 mm 2 / s and a viscosity index of 232 at 40 ° C., which was classified into Group 3 of the API base oil category, was designated as sample oil (III).
比較例２
比較例１で使用したパラフィン系鉱油に、モリブデン系摩擦調整剤（ＭｏＤＴＣ）をＭｏ原子換算の含有量が組成物全量基準で７００ｐｐｍになるように配合し、さらに、組成物全量基準で下記の配合量となるように、下記の添加剤を配合し、試料油（IV）を調製した。
・流動点降下剤：０．２質量％
・分散剤：２．２質量％
・耐摩耗剤：０．３質量％
・酸化防止剤：０．４質量％
・抗乳化剤：０．２質量％
・消泡剤：０．１質量％
・ＪＡＳＯ ＤＨ２規格に適合する添加剤パッケージ：１２．０質量％
Comparative Example 2
The paraffinic mineral oil used in Comparative Example 1 was blended with a molybdenum-based friction modifier (MoDTC) so that the content in terms of Mo atoms was 700 ppm based on the total amount of the composition, and further, the following was blended based on the total amount of the composition. The following additives were added to prepare the sample oil (IV) so as to be the amount.
-Pour point depressant: 0.2% by mass
-Dispersant: 2.2% by mass
・ Abrasion resistant agent: 0.3% by mass
-Antioxidant: 0.4% by mass
-Anti-emulsifier: 0.2% by mass
・ Defoamer: 0.1% by mass
-Additive package conforming to JASO DH2 standard: 12.0% by mass
上記の試料油（Ｉ）～（IV）について、以下の物性値を測定又は算出した。これらの結果を表１に示す。
（１）せん断粘度
各試料油（Ｉ）～（IV）について、せん断粘度Ｖ０は下記の条件で測定した。
・装置：ＭＣＲレオメーター（Ａｎｔｏｎ Ｐａａｒ社製、製品名「ＭＣＲ ３０２」）に電気粘性流体測定セル（Ａｎｔｏｎ Ｐａａｒ社製）を組み合わせたもの。
・治具：試料油（Ｉ）に対しては、直径２５ｍｍのパラレルプレートを使用。試料油（II）～（IV）に対しては、直径５０ｍｍのパラレルプレートを使用。
・温度：２５℃
・せん断速度：１０００ｓ－１
・ギャップ：０．２ｍｍ
・電場：０ｋＶ
そして、各試料油（Ｉ）～（IV）に１ｋＶ／ｍｍの電場を印加した以外は、上記と同じ条件にて、せん断粘度Ｖ１（ｍＰａ・ｓ）も測定し、せん断粘度比〔Ｖ１／Ｖ０〕を算出した。
なお、電場を印加した状態でのせん断粘度Ｖ１は、上記のＭＣＲレオメータに電気粘性流体測定セルを組み合わせた装置を用いることで測定することができる。
The following physical property values were measured or calculated for the above sample oils (I) to (IV). These results are shown in Table 1.
(1) Shear viscosity For each sample oil (I) to (IV), the shear viscosity V 0 was measured under the following conditions.
-Device: A combination of an MCR leometer (manufactured by Antonio Par, product name "MCR 302") and an electrorheological fluid measurement cell (manufactured by Antonio Par).
-Jig: For sample oil (I), use a parallel plate with a diameter of 25 mm. For sample oils (II) to (IV), use a parallel plate with a diameter of 50 mm.
・ Temperature: 25 ℃
・ Shear velocity: 1000s -1
・ Gap: 0.2 mm
・ Electric field: 0kV
Then, the shear viscosity V 1 (mPa · s) was also measured under the same conditions as above except that an electric field of 1 kV / mm was applied to each sample oil (I) to (IV), and the shear viscosity ratio [V 1 ] was measured. / V 0 ] was calculated.
The shear viscosity V 1 in a state where an electric field is applied can be measured by using an apparatus in which the above-mentioned MCR rheometer is combined with an electrorheological fluid measuring cell.
（２）リング・ライナー間の摩擦損失比、摩擦損失の低減率
試料油（Ｉ）、（II）及び（III）については、SAE International 2013-01-2567（2013/10/14）に記載されている式（１１）「Ｅ＝０．８４×η０．３０×ν０．１９（Ｅ：摩擦エネルギー、η：せん断粘度（単位ｍＰａ・ｓ）、ν：回転数（単位ｒｐｓ））」を用いて、上述の方法で測定したせん断粘度とせん断速度から、電場を印加する前後での摩擦エネルギーを算出した。
また、試料油（IV）については、浮動ライナー試験機を用いて温度６０℃、回転数１２００ｒｐｍのときの摩擦力を算出し、SAE International 2013-01-2567（2013/10/14）に記載されている方法にて、電場を印加する前後での摩擦エネルギーを算出した。
(2) Friction loss ratio between ring and liner, reduction rate of friction loss Sample oils (I), (II) and (III) are described in SAE International 2013-01-2567 (2013/10/14). Equation (11) "E = 0.84 x η 0.30 x ν 0.19 (E: friction energy, η: shear viscosity (unit: mPa · s), ν: rotation speed (unit: rps))" Using, the frictional energy before and after applying the electric field was calculated from the shear viscosity and the shear rate measured by the above method.
For the sample oil (IV), the frictional force at a temperature of 60 ° C and a rotation speed of 1200 rpm was calculated using a floating liner tester, and it is described in SAE International 2013-01-2567 (2013/10/14). The frictional energy before and after applying the electric field was calculated by the above method.
ここで算出された電場を印加しない状態での摩擦エネルギーをＥ０、電場を印加した状態での摩擦エネルギーをＥ１としたとき、リング・ライナー間の摩擦損失比は下記式で表せる。
［摩擦損失比］＝Ｅ０／Ｅ１
そして、得られた摩擦損失比から、電場の印加に因る摩擦損失の低減率を算出した。
［摩擦損失の低減率（％）］＝（１－［摩擦損失比］）×１００
When the friction energy calculated here when no electric field is applied is E 0 and the friction energy when an electric field is applied is E 1 , the friction loss ratio between the ring and liner can be expressed by the following equation.
[Friction loss ratio] = E 0 / E 1
Then, from the obtained friction loss ratio, the reduction rate of the friction loss due to the application of the electric field was calculated.
[Friction loss reduction rate (%)] = (1- [Friction loss ratio]) x 100
（３）摩擦係数
ＨＦＲＲ試験機（ＰＣＳ Ｉｎｓｔｒｕｍｅｎｔｓ社製）を用い、下記の条件にて、２５℃及び８０℃における、各試料油（Ｉ）～（IV）の摩擦係数を測定した。
・テストピース：（Ａ）ボール＝ＨＦＲＲ標準テストピース（ＡＩＳＩ ５２１００材）、（Ｂ）ディスク＝ＨＦＲＲ標準テストピース（ＡＩＳＩ ５２１００材）
・振幅：１．０ｍｍ
・周波数：５０Ｈｚ（速度：０．１６ｍ／ｓ）
・荷重：２００ｇ
・温度：２５℃又は８０℃
(3) Friction coefficient Using an HFRR tester (manufactured by PCS Instruments), the friction coefficient of each sample oil (I) to (IV) was measured at 25 ° C. and 80 ° C. under the following conditions.
-Test piece: (A) Ball = HFRR standard test piece (AISI 52100 material), (B) Disc = HFRR standard test piece (AISI 52100 material)
・ Amplitude: 1.0 mm
-Frequency: 50Hz (speed: 0.16m / s)
・ Load: 200g
-Temperature: 25 ° C or 80 ° C
表１より、実施例１及び２の試料油（Ｉ）及び（II）は、比較例１のパラフィン系鉱油のみからなる試料油（III）に比べて、摩擦低減効果が高く、比較例２のモリブデン系摩擦を加えた試料油（IV）と同等以上の摩擦低減効果を有することがわかる。 From Table 1, the sample oils (I) and (II) of Examples 1 and 2 have a higher friction reducing effect than the sample oil (III) consisting of only the paraffinic mineral oil of Comparative Example 1, and are of Comparative Example 2. It can be seen that it has a friction reduction effect equal to or higher than that of the sample oil (IV) to which molybdenum-based friction is applied.
Claims (6)
前記基材流体が、式（ｉ）もしくは式（ａ－５）から式（ａ－８）で表される、いずれかの化合物である、内燃機関用の潤滑油組成物。
（式中、ｍ、ｎは、それぞれ独立に、１～１００である。）
（式（ａ－５）～（ａ－８）中、ＲＡ、ＲＢ、Ｒは、それぞれ独立に、炭素数１～１５の直鎖または分岐鎖のアルキル基、炭素数２～１５の直鎖または分岐鎖のアルケニル基、炭素数１～１５の直鎖または分岐鎖のアルコキシ基、シアノ基、又はハロゲン原子であり、ｐは、それぞれ独立に、０～４の整数であり、ｑは、それぞれ独立に、０～８の整数であり、ｒは、それぞれ独立に、０～２の整数である。また、Ｌは、単結合、炭素数１～１２の直鎖または分岐鎖のアルキレン基、－ＣＨ＝Ｎ－、－Ｎ＝Ｎ－、又は－Ｃ（＝Ｏ）－Ｏ－である。） The shear viscosity ratio [V 1 / V 0 ] between the shear viscosity V 1 when an electric field of 1 kV / mm is applied at 25 ° C. and the shear viscosity V 0 before applying the electric field is 2.0 or more. Contains substrate fluid,
A lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine , wherein the base fluid is a compound represented by the formula (i) or the formula (a-5) to the formula (a-8).
(In the formula, m and n are 1 to 100 independently.)
(In the formulas (a-5) to (a-8), RA , RB, and R are each independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms and a direct chain having 2 to 15 carbon atoms. An alkenyl group of a chain or a branched chain, an alkoxy group of a linear or branched chain having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, a cyano group, or a halogen atom, p is an integer of 0 to 4 independently, and q is an integer of 0 to 4. Independently, each is an integer of 0 to 8, r is an independently of an integer of 0 to 2, and L is a single-bonded, linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. -CH = N-, -N = N-, or -C (= O) -O-)
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| FR2525626B1 (en) * | 1982-04-22 | 1985-07-05 | Asulab Sa | LUBRICANT BASED ON LIQUID CRYSTALS |
| DE4027631C1 (en) * | 1990-08-31 | 1991-09-19 | Dr.Ing.H.C. F. Porsche Ag, 7000 Stuttgart, De | |
| JPH06136344A (en) * | 1992-05-08 | 1994-05-17 | Japan Energy Corp | Electroviscous fluid |
| JP2500296B2 (en) * | 1993-09-09 | 1996-05-29 | アウジモント株式会社 | Lubricant composition |
| JPH0841476A (en) * | 1994-08-02 | 1996-02-13 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Electroviscous fluid of liquid crystal system |
| JPH0967586A (en) * | 1995-09-01 | 1997-03-11 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Electroviscous fluid |
| JPH08253788A (en) * | 1996-04-19 | 1996-10-01 | Bridgestone Corp | Electrorheological liquid |
| JP3020160B1 (en) * | 1998-10-27 | 2000-03-15 | 工業技術院長 | Lubrication characteristic control device and control method using electrorheological fluid |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000001694A (en) | 1998-06-12 | 2000-01-07 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | Liquid lubricant and method for controlling lubrication characteristics thereof |
| JP2004301029A (en) | 2003-03-31 | 2004-10-28 | Toyota Industries Corp | Variable valve system for engine |
| JP2005139398A (en) | 2003-11-10 | 2005-06-02 | Kyodo Yushi Co Ltd | Semi-solid lubricant composition |
| JP2015036412A (en) | 2013-08-16 | 2015-02-23 | Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Lubricating oil additive and lubricating oil composition |
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