JP7060873B2 - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a machine tool having a tool spindle unit to which a tool can be mounted .

The tool spindle unit fixes and releases the tool attached to the tip by moving the rod inserted through the axis in the axial direction.

As such a tool spindle unit, there is one shown in Patent Document 1.

In the tool spindle unit of Patent Document 1, the cylinder unit provided integrally with the tool spindle unit on the rear end side of the tool spindle unit is separated from the tool spindle unit and fixed to the tool changer.

When the tool post on which the tool spindle unit is mounted moves to the tool replacement position, the cylinder unit is arranged so that the rear end of the tool spindle unit and the tip of the piston of the cylinder unit face each other on the same axis. ..

With this arrangement of the tool spindle unit and the cylinder unit, the tool can be released from being fixed by the piston pushing the rod of the tool spindle unit.

With such a configuration, the tool spindle unit can be made smaller and lighter.

JP-A-2017-24125h

The tool spindle unit described in Patent Document 1 is rotatably supported by a housing. The tool spindle unit has a through hole in the center of the shaft, and a rod having a locking tool formed at the tip thereof is inserted into the through hole. The rod is urged in a direction that pulls in the shank of the tool inserted from the front of the housing. The rear end of the rod faces the opening provided at the rear end of the housing. The rod rotates integrally with the tool spindle unit.

Further, in the machine tool described in Patent Document 1, a cylinder unit for pushing the rod in the fixing release direction of the tool is provided in the tool changer. The reaction force that pushes the rod acts on the tool changer.

There is a problem that the rotating rod needs to be sealed with a rotary seal in order to prevent foreign matter from entering through the opening facing the lot.

Further, the tool changer has a problem that it is difficult to secure sufficient rigidity against the reaction force pushing the rod.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a tool spindle unit in which a member pressed by a cylinder unit does not need to be sealed by a rotary seal, in addition to realizing miniaturization and weight reduction.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool having sufficient rigidity against a reaction force generated by a pushing operation of a cylinder unit.

In order to solve the above problem, the machine tool according to claim 1 can be swiveled around a slide that can be moved to an arbitrary position, a table that can be swiveled with respect to the slide, and an indexing center axis that is orthogonal to the swivel axis of the table. The turret station is equipped with a tool spindle unit that fixes and releases the tool attached to the tip by moving the rod inserted through the axis in the axial direction. A push member whose part is exposed to the outside is held behind the axial direction of the rod, and when the tool is released from being fixed, the push member is pushed from the outside and hits the rear end of the rod. The slide is provided with a cylinder unit having a piston that presses a push member to advance the rod in contact with the rod.

A part of the push member of the tool spindle unit of the machine tool according to claim 1 is exposed to the outside. Thereby, for example, the cylinder unit separate from the tool spindle unit pushes the push member, so that the tool can be released from being fixed. By separating the cylinder unit from the tool spindle unit, it is possible to reduce the size and weight of the tool spindle unit.

Further, in the tool spindle unit of the machine tool according to claim 1, the rod rotates integrally with the tool with the tool fixed. Then, when the rotation of the tool is stopped and the tool is released from being fixed, the push member is pushed from the outside so as to come into contact with the rear end of the rod. That is, the push member does not rotate because it is separated from the rear end of the rod that is rotating integrally with the tool. Therefore, the push member can be sealed with a reciprocating seal instead of a rotary seal.

Further , in the machine tool according to claim 1 , the push member of the tool spindle unit can be positioned at a position facing the cylinder unit provided on the slide by turning the turret station and turning the table.

Further, when the piston of the cylinder unit presses the push member, the reaction force acts on the member provided with the cylinder unit. The member provided with the cylinder unit needs to have sufficient rigidity against the reaction force that presses the push member.

The machine tool according to claim 1 has a cylinder unit provided on a slide. The slide supports the table and turret station and is rigid enough to withstand high cutting reaction forces. Therefore, the slide provided with the cylinder unit has sufficient rigidity against the reaction force pushing the push member.

When the working fluid is directly supplied to the tool spindle unit provided in the turret station through a swiveling table or the turret station in order to release the fixing of the tool, the structure becomes complicated. However, since the machine tool according to claim 1 has a cylinder unit provided on the slide, the machine tool may be configured to supply a working fluid to the slide in order to operate the cylinder unit. Therefore, the machine tool according to claim 1 does not have a complicated structure, and can improve assemblability, reliability, and maintainability, and can reduce costs.

Further, by passing the working fluid through the turret station, the accuracy of the cutting edge position of the tool provided in the turret station may deteriorate depending on the temperature of the working fluid. However, in the machine tool of claim 1 , since the cylinder unit is provided on the slide, the temperature of the working fluid does not adversely affect the accuracy of the cutting edge position of the tool provided in the turret station.

The machine tool according to claim 2 is the machine tool according to claim 1. In the machine tool according to claim 1, the rod and the push member are urged backward in the axial direction of the rod, and the direction against the urging of the push member in the axial direction of the rod. The stroke of is larger than the stroke in the direction against the urging of the rod.

In the tool spindle unit of the machine tool according to claim 2, the tool is fixed by the rod and the push member being urged backward in the axial direction of the rod, and the push member is not pushed from the outside. The rod and push member are in the rearmost positions, respectively.

On the other hand, the tool spindle unit of the machine tool according to claim 2 operates in the same manner as the tool spindle unit according to claim 1, and when the push member is pushed to release the fixing of the tool, the push member is attached. The push member comes into contact with the rod in the middle of the stroke in the direction against the force.

The tool spindle unit of the machine tool according to claim 2 operates in the same manner as the tool spindle unit of the machine tool according to claim 1, and at the rearmost position of each, the rod and the push member are surely separated from each other and the outside. The push member pushed from is surely able to push the rod.

The machine tool according to claim 3 is the machine tool according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the tool spindle unit is provided so as to project radially from the turret station, and the rotation shaft of the tool spindle unit is the turret station. It is parallel to the index center axis.

For example, in order to reduce the size of the machine tool as a whole, the machine tool may have a limitation in the space around the end face of the work, for example, the distance between the end faces of the work chucked by the two spindles is shortened. Even in such a case, the machine tool according to claim 3 operates in the same manner as the tool spindle unit of the machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, and also moves the slide, turns around the index center axis of the turret station, and By turning the table, the tool spindle unit that protrudes radially from the turret station can be moved into the machining position between the end faces of the work.

Further, in the machine tool according to claim 3, the tool spindle unit and the cylinder unit are separated, so that the tool spindle unit can be downsized. The miniaturization of the tool spindle unit makes it possible to reduce the distance between the end faces of the workpiece, and by extension, the miniaturization of the entire machine tool can be realized.

In the machine tool according to claim 4 , in any of the machine tools according to claims 1 to 3, the stroke of the piston of the cylinder unit is larger than the stroke in the direction against the bias of the push member of the tool spindle unit.

The machine tool according to claim 4 operates in the same manner as the machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and when the tool is released from being fixed, the piston and the push member are separated from each other in the middle of the stroke of the piston. The piston comes into contact with the push member and the push member can be reliably pushed.

The machine tool according to claim 5 includes a slide that can be moved to an arbitrary position, a table that can be swiveled with respect to the slide, and a turret station that can swivel around an indexing center axis orthogonal to the swivel axis of the table. A cylinder having a tool spindle unit provided at the turret station for fixing and releasing the tool attached to the tip by moving the rod inserted through the axis in the axial direction, and having a piston on the slide to push the rod forward. A unit is provided.

In the machine tool of claim 5 , the rod of the tool spindle unit can be positioned at a position facing the cylinder unit provided on the slide by turning the turret station and turning the table.

The machine tool according to claim 5 has a cylinder unit provided on a slide. The slide supports the table and turret station and is rigid enough to withstand high cutting reaction forces. Therefore, the slide provided with the cylinder unit has sufficient rigidity against the reaction force pushing the push member.

When the working fluid is directly supplied to the tool spindle unit provided in the turret station through a swiveling table or the turret station in order to release the fixing of the tool, the structure becomes complicated. However, since the machine tool according to claim 5 has a cylinder unit provided on the slide, the machine tool may be configured to supply a working fluid to the slide in order to operate the cylinder unit. Therefore, the machine tool according to claim 5 does not have a complicated structure, and can improve assemblability, reliability, and maintainability, and can reduce costs.

Further, by passing the working fluid through the turret station, the accuracy of the cutting edge position of the tool provided in the turret station may deteriorate depending on the temperature of the working fluid. However, in the machine tool of claim 5 , since the cylinder unit is provided on the slide, the temperature of the working fluid does not adversely affect the accuracy of the cutting edge position of the tool provided in the turret station.

In addition to realizing miniaturization and weight reduction, the tool spindle unit of the machine tool according to claims 1 to 5 can seal the member pushed by the cylinder unit with a reciprocating motion seal instead of a rotary seal. ..

Further, the machine tools of claims 1 to 5 have sufficient rigidity against the reaction force of pushing the rod inserted through the axis.

It is a front view which shows the positional relationship of the slide, the table, the turret station, the work, and the arm of the automatic tool changer of the machine tool of one Embodiment which concerns on this invention, the machining preparation position of the end face of a work, and the side peripheral surface of a work. Indicates the machining preparation position and tool change position. It is a side view which shows the positional relationship of the slide, the table, the turret station and the work of the machine tool of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the positional relationship of the slide, the table, the turret station and the work of the machine tool of FIG. It is sectional drawing of the tool spindle unit, the cylinder unit and a slide which concerns on this invention.

Hereinafter, the machine tool according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.

As shown in FIG. 1, in the machining space of a machine tool, the work W1 and the work W2 are each gripped by a chuck (not shown). The work W1 and the work W2 can be rotated by the rotation of the spindle provided with each chuck.

As shown in FIG. 1, the machine tool can rotate around a slide 1 that can move to an arbitrary position, a table 2 that can rotate with respect to the slide 1, and an indexing center axis that is orthogonal to the rotation axis of the table 2. It is equipped with a turret station 3.

Further, the machine tool is provided with an arm 4 of an automatic tool changer that replaces the unlocked tool 10 when the machine tool is in the tool change position shown in FIG. 1 (c).

The slide 1 can be linearly moved in a direction parallel to the X axis of FIG. 1 by a mechanism (not shown). Further, the entire mechanism that enables linear movement in the direction parallel to the slide 1 and the X axis is capable of linear movement in the direction parallel to the Z axis in FIG. That is, the slide 1 can be moved to an arbitrary position in a plane parallel to the X axis and parallel to the Z axis in FIG. The table 2 and the turret station 3 move together with the slide 1.

This movement of the slide 1 allows the tool of the turret station 3 to be moved relative to the workpieces W1 and W2.

The slide 1 is provided with a cylinder unit 6 for releasing the fixing of the tool 10 of the tool spindle unit 5, which will be described later.

In the table 2, the axis that swivels with respect to the slide 1 is an axis parallel to the Y axis in FIG.

The turret station 3 is integrated with the table 2 and turns with respect to the slide 1.

The turning of the table 2 with respect to the slide 1 can change the angle at which the tool of the turret station 3 hits the workpieces W1 and W2.

The turret station 3 can be equipped with tools for the number of indexing numbers.

The turret station 3 is provided with a tool spindle unit 5.

The tool spindle unit 5 is provided so as to project radially from the turret station 3. Further, the rotation axis of the tool spindle unit 5 is parallel to the indexing center axis of the turret station 3.

A tool 10 is attached to the tip of the tool spindle unit 5.

The machine tool combines the movement of the slide 1, the swivel of the table 2, and the swivel around the indexing center axis of the turret station 3 to bring the tool spindle unit 5 to the end face of the work W1 as shown in FIG. 1 (a). It can be positioned at the machining preparation position, the machining preparation position on the side peripheral surface of the work W1 as shown in FIG. 1 (b), and the tool replacement position as shown in FIG. 1 (c).

By appropriately moving the slide 1 from the machining preparation position of the end face of the work W1 as shown in FIG. 1A, the end face of the work W1 is machined by the tool 10 of the tool spindle unit 5.

By appropriately moving the slide 1 from the machining preparation position of the side peripheral surface of the work W1 as shown in FIG. 1 (b), the side peripheral surface of the work W1 is machined by the tool 10 of the tool spindle unit 5. ing.

At the tool change position as shown in FIG. 1 (c), the tool 10 is released from being fixed by the cylinder unit 6, which will be described in detail later. The unlocked tool 10 can be replaced with another tool by the operation of the arm 4 of the automatic tool changer.

With reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, the process from the machining preparation position of the side peripheral surface of the work W1 to the tool replacement position of the tool spindle unit 5 will be described.

The tool spindle unit 5 is shown in FIGS. 2 (b) and 3 (b) by turning the table 2 from the machining position of the side peripheral surface of the work W1 shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 3 (a). It becomes a state. The tool spindle unit 5 has the turret station 3 swiveled around the indexing center axis from FIGS. 2 (b) and 3 (b), and has the tool change position shown in FIGS. 2 (c) and 3 (c). Become.

At the tool change position, the rear end of the tool spindle unit 5 and the cylinder unit 6 provided on the slide 1 face each other.

The schematic configuration of the tool spindle unit 5 and the cylinder unit 6 will be described with reference to FIG.

The tool spindle unit 5 includes a housing 51, a spindle 7, a rod 8, and a push member 9.

The tool spindle unit 5 can fix and release the tool 10 mounted on the tip by moving the rod 8 inserted through the shaft center in the axial direction.

The spindle 7 is rotatably supported by the housing 51 via a bearing 71.

The spindle 7 is provided with a space at the axis. In this space, the rod 8 is provided so as to be able to move forward and backward in the axial direction.

The rod 8 rotates integrally with the spindle 7.

A locking tool 82 is formed at the tip of the rod 8.

The rod 8 is urged rearward in the axial direction of the rod 8 by an elastic body 81 provided between the spindle 7 and the rod 8.

The shank 11 of the tool 10 can be inserted from the tip end side of the tool spindle unit 5. The shank 11 of the inserted tool 10 is pulled in by the locking tool 82 of the rod 8, so that the tool 10 is fixed to the spindle 7.

A push member 9 is provided behind the rod 8 in the axial direction.

Most of the push member 9 is housed in the push member storage chamber behind the spindle 7 in the housing 51.

The tip of the push member 9 extends into the space around the axis of the spindle 7 in which the rod 8 is housed. The tip of the push member 9 is positioned so as to face the rear end of the rod 8. Further, the push member 9 is not in contact with the spindle 7.

The rear end of the push member 9 extends to the outside of the housing 51 from an opening provided at the rear end of the housing 51. The push member 9 is sealed by a reciprocating motion seal 92 in the vicinity of the opening of the housing 51.

The push member 9 is urged backward in the axial direction of the rod 8 by an elastic body 91 provided between the push member 9 and the housing 51.

The push member 9 is provided so as to be able to advance and retreat in the axial direction of the rod 8.

The cylinder unit 6 has a cylinder housing 62 and a piston 61 housed in a cylinder chamber 63 of the cylinder housing 62.

The tip of the piston 61 extends to the outside of the cylinder housing 62. The pipe 64 of the slide 1 is connected to the fluid chamber of the cylinder chamber 63. The pipe 64 of the slide 1 can supply the working fluid to the space behind the piston 61.

The tip of the piston 61 is advanced by being pushed by the working fluid supplied to the space behind the piston 61.

In the axial direction of the rod 8, the stroke in the direction against the urging by the elastic body 91 of the push member 9 is larger than the stroke in the direction against the urging by the elastic body 81 of the rod 8.

The stroke of the piston 61 of the cylinder unit 6 is larger than the stroke in the direction against the bias of the push member 9 of the tool spindle unit 5.

Due to the difference in stroke between the rod 8, the push member 9 and the piston 61, the rod 8, the push member 9 and the piston 61 are surely separated from each other at the rearmost positions thereof as shown in FIG. 4 (a). do.

When the working fluid is supplied to the space behind the piston 61 from the state of FIG. 4A, the piston 61 advances as shown in FIG. 4B. The tip of the piston 61 comes into contact with the rear end of the push member 9 in the middle of the stroke in which the piston 61 advances. The direction in which the piston 61 advances is the same as the direction in which the push member 9 opposes the urging.

When the working fluid is further supplied to the space behind the piston 61 from the state of FIG. 4B, the piston 61 advances while the tip of the piston 61 is in contact with the rear end of the push member 9, and the push member 9 advances in the direction against the bias. The tip of the push member 9 comes into contact with the rear end of the rod 8 in the middle of the stroke in the direction against the urging of the push member 9.

When the working fluid is further supplied to the space behind the piston 61, the piston 61 is in a state where the tip of the piston 61 is in contact with the rear end of the push member 9 and the tip of the push member 9 is in contact with the rear end of the rod 8. It moves forward as it is, and moves forward in a direction that opposes the bias of the rod 8.

When the rod 8 is advanced in the direction opposite to the urging, the shank 11 of the tool 10 is pushed out and the tool 10 is released from being fixed to the spindle 7 as shown in FIG. 4 (c).

After the tool 10 is replaced with another tool, the piston 61 will return to the rearmost position.

In the process of returning the piston 61 to the rearmost position, the rod 8 returns to the rearmost position while the shank of another tool is pulled in by the locking tool 82.

Similarly, in the process of returning the piston 61 to the rearmost position, the push member 9 returns to the rearmost position with the tip of the push member 9 separated from the rear end of the rod 8 on the way.

Similarly, in the process of returning the piston 61 to the rearmost position, the tip of the piston 61 is separated from the rear end of the push member 9 on the way, and the piston 61 returns to the rearmost position.

Again, as shown in FIG. 4A, the rod 8, the push member 9, and the piston 61 are surely separated from each other.

In the above embodiment, the case where the two works W1 and the work W2 are each gripped by a chuck (not shown) has been described, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the number of works may be one.

In the above embodiment, the case where the slide can move linearly in the direction parallel to the X axis of FIG. 1 has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. The slide may be linearly movable in a direction having an angle with respect to the X axis of FIG.

In the above embodiment, the case where the slide can move linearly in the direction parallel to the Z axis of FIG. 1 has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. The slide may be linearly movable in a direction having an angle with respect to the Z axis of FIG.

In the above embodiment, the case where the swivel axis of the table 2 is an axis parallel to the Y axis of FIG. 1 has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. The swivel axis of the table may be a swivel axis having an angle with respect to the Y axis of FIG.

In the above embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a case where one cylinder unit 6 is provided on the slide 1 has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the slide may be provided with a plurality of cylinder units.

For example, the machine tool can arrange a slide between two automatic tool changers arranged in a direction parallel to the Z axis. Cylinder units are provided on the side surfaces of the slide facing in the direction parallel to the Z axis. The rotary spindle unit can change tools at the tool change position of each cylinder unit.

In the above embodiment, the case where the cylinder unit 6 is provided at the locations shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 of the slide 1 has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the cylinder unit is provided at the position of the slide where the push member of the tool spindle unit can be positioned at the position facing the cylinder unit by turning the turret station and turning the table, such as the upper surface and the lower surface facing the X-axis direction of the slide. It suffices if it is done.

In the above embodiment, the case where the rear end of the push member 9 extends from the opening provided at the rear end of the housing 51 to the outside of the housing 51 has been described, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The rear end of the push member may be exposed so that it can be pressed by the piston of the external cylinder unit.

In the above embodiment, although not shown, in order to return the piston to the rearmost position, for example, an elastic member may be provided in the cylinder unit, and a working fluid may be provided in the space in front of the piston on the slide. A supply pipe may be provided.

1 slide 2 table 3 turret station 4 arm 5 tool spindle unit 6 cylinder unit 7 spindle 8 rod 9 push member 10 tool 11 shank 51 housing 61 piston 62 cylinder housing 63 cylinder chamber 64 piping 71 bearing 81 elastic body 82 locking tool 91 elastic Body 92 Reciprocating motion seal

Claims (5)

It is equipped with a slide that can be moved to any position, a table that can be swiveled with respect to the slide, and a turret station that can be swiveled around the index center axis orthogonal to the swivel axis of the table.
The turret station is provided with a tool spindle unit that fixes and releases the tool attached to the tip by moving the rod inserted through the axis in the axial direction.
This tool spindle unit has a push member whose part is exposed to the outside in the axial direction of the rod, and when the tool is unfixed, the push member is pushed from the outside. It comes into contact with the rear end of the rod and advances the rod.
A machine tool characterized in that a slide is provided with a cylinder unit having a piston that presses and advances a push member. The rod and push member are urged rearward in the axial direction of the rod.
The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the stroke in the direction against the urging of the push member is larger than the stroke in the direction against the urging of the rod. The first aspect of the present invention is that the tool spindle unit is provided so as to project radially from the turret station, and the rotation axis of the tool spindle unit is parallel to the indexing center axis of the turret station. Or the machine tool according to 2 . The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the stroke of the piston of the cylinder unit is larger than the stroke in the direction against the urging of the push member of the tool spindle unit. It is equipped with a slide that can be moved to any position, a table that can be swiveled with respect to the slide, and a turret station that can be swiveled around the index center axis orthogonal to the swivel axis of the table.
A tool spindle unit is provided in the turret station to fix and release the tool attached to the tip by moving the rod inserted through the axis in the axial direction.
A machine tool characterized in that the slide is provided with a cylinder unit having a piston that pushes the rod forward.

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