JP7073901B2 - Heat load calculation device and heat load calculation method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a heat load calculation device and a heat load calculation method.

Conventionally, the heat load such as the once-through load, the solar radiation load, and the lighting load applied to the building is calculated based on various parameters, and the air-conditioning equipment having an appropriate air-conditioning capacity is selected from the calculation results. .. Various arithmetic units for calculating such a heat load have been developed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2017-101880

By the way, in recent years, due to the improvement of construction technology, buildings having a complicated outer skin shape have been designed and constructed. The exodermis refers to a surface in contact with the outside air, for example, the exodermis is composed of an outer wall, a roof, a window, and the like. When the shape of the outer skin is complicated, the azimuth, elevation, or depression angle of the normal differs depending on the position on the outer skin, so that the amount of solar radiation per unit area differs. If the solar radiation load was calculated for each position on the outer skin, the calculation burden would be large.

Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to reduce the calculation burden of the solar radiation load.

In order to solve the above problems, the heat load calculation device for calculating the solar radiation load of the outer skin of the building model includes a dividing means for dividing the outer skin of the building model into a plurality of first meshes and the first mesh. A normal vector calculation means for calculating the normal azimuth, elevation, or depression, a range of values that the normal azimuth, elevation, or depression of the first mesh can take, and a celestial sphere centered on the building model. Refer to the correspondence table describing the correspondence between the azimuth angle and the elevation angle or the depression angle of the normals of the plurality of second meshes obtained by being divided into less than the first mesh. An associating means for associating the azimuth angle and elevation angle or depression angle of the normal line of the first mesh with the azimuth angle and elevation angle or depression angle of the normal line of the second mesh calculated by the normal vector calculation means, and the second mesh. Corresponding by the corresponding means with reference to a reference table describing the correspondence between the values that can be taken by the azimuth angle and elevation angle or depression angle of the normal and the values that can be taken by the amount of solar radiation per unit area of the second mesh. The amount of solar radiation corresponding to the normal azimuth angle and elevation angle or depression angle of the attached second mesh is acquired, and the acquired amount of solar radiation is determined as the amount of solar radiation per unit area of the first mesh of the building model. It is provided with a solar radiation amount acquisition means for calculating the solar radiation load, and a solar radiation load calculation means for calculating the solar radiation load through the first mesh of the building model based on the solar radiation amount acquired by the solar radiation amount acquisition means.

The heat load calculation method for calculating the solar radiation load of the outer skin of the building model by a computer includes a division step of dividing the outer skin of the building model into a plurality of first meshes, and the azimuth angle and elevation angle of the normal of the first mesh. Alternatively, the normal vector calculation process for calculating the depression angle, the range of values that the normal azimuth angle and elevation angle or depression angle of the first mesh can take, and the celestial sphere centered on the building model are larger than those of the first mesh. Calculated by the normal vector calculation step with reference to a correspondence table that describes the correspondence between the azimuth angle and the elevation angle or the depression angle of the normals of the plurality of second meshes obtained by being divided into smaller parts. The associating step of associating the normal azimuth angle and elevation angle or depression angle of the first mesh with the azimuth angle and elevation angle or depression angle of the normal line of the second mesh, and the azimuth angle and elevation angle of the normal line of the second mesh. Alternatively, the second mesh associated with the second mesh by the associating step with reference to a reference table describing the correspondence between the value that the depression angle can take and the value that the solar radiation amount per unit area of the second mesh can take. The solar radiation amount acquisition step of acquiring the solar radiation amount corresponding to the azimuth angle and elevation angle or depression angle of the normal, and determining the acquired solar radiation amount as the solar radiation amount per unit area of the first mesh of the building model. A solar radiation load calculation step of calculating the solar radiation load through the first mesh of the building model based on the solar radiation amount acquired by the solar radiation amount acquisition step is provided.

Based on the above, by referring to the correspondence table, the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of the first mesh of the building model are associated with the azimuth and elevation or depression of the normal of the second mesh of the celestial sphere. The azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of the second mesh of the celestial sphere is less than the value that the azimuth and elevation or depression of the normal of the first mesh of the building model can take. Therefore, the calculation load of the solar radiation load by the heat load calculation device is reduced.
In addition, the amount of solar radiation is stored in the reference table, and after calculating the azimuth, elevation, or depression angle of the normal of the first mesh of the building model, the amount of solar radiation can be referred to by referring to the correspondence table and reference table. Obtained from the table. Therefore, the calculation load of the solar radiation load by the heat load calculation device is reduced.

When the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of the first mesh is included in the range in the correspondence table, the extension of the normal of the first mesh is associated with the range in the correspondence table. It intersects the second mesh, where the azimuth and elevation or depression of the normal are represented by values.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the calculation burden of the solar radiation load by the heat load calculation device is reduced.

It is a block diagram of a heat load calculation device. It is a drawing which showed the building model and the celestial sphere. It is a projection drawing which shows the hemisphere projected on the plane. A correspondence table that describes the correspondence between the range of values that the normal azimuth and elevation or depression of the building model can take and the values that the normal azimuth and elevation or depression of the celestial sphere can take. Is. It is a figure for demonstrating the relationship between the mesh of a building model and the mesh of a celestial sphere in a correspondence table. It is explanatory drawing of the azimuth angle of the normal of the mesh of the celestial sphere. It is explanatory drawing of the elevation angle of the normal of the mesh of the celestial sphere. It is a reference table describing the correspondence between the values that can be taken by the azimuth, elevation, or depression angle of the normal of the celestial sphere mesh and the values that can be taken by the amount of solar radiation per unit area of the celestial sphere mesh.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, although the embodiments described below are provided with various technically preferable limitations for carrying out the present invention, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments and illustrated examples.

1. 1. Configuration of Heat Load Calculation Device FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a heat load calculation device 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The heat load calculation device 10 includes a computer 11, a display device 12, an input device 13, and a storage unit 14.

The computer 11 has a CPU, ROM, RAM, a graphic controller, a system bus, a hardware interface, and the like.
The display device 12 is, for example, a liquid crystal display device, an organic EL display device, or a projector. The computer 11 generates a video signal by arithmetic processing and outputs the video signal to the display device 12. Then, the screen according to the video signal is displayed by the display device 12. The display device 12 and the computer 11 may be integrated or may be separate.
The input device 13 is, for example, a switch, a keyboard or a pointing device, or a combination thereof. The input device 13 may be a touch panel provided on the surface of the display device 12. When the input device 13 is operated, the input device 13 outputs a signal corresponding to the operation content to the computer 11.

The storage unit 14 is a storage device including a semiconductor memory, a hard disk drive, or the like. The storage unit 14 may be built in the computer 11 or externally attached to the computer 11.

The storage unit 14 stores building model data 21 created by design software that realizes BIM (building information modeling) or CAD (computer-aided design). The building model data 21 defines a three-dimensional shape of the building for modeling the building. The building model modeled according to the building model data 21 is a surface model, a solid model, a wireframe model, a polygon model, or a combination thereof.

FIG. 2 shows an example of the building model 51 modeled according to the building model data 21 together with the celestial sphere 61. FIG. 3 shows a half body of the celestial sphere 61 projected onto a plane. The location information of the building model data 21 is represented by latitude, longitude and altitude, or by a geocentric Cartesian coordinate system. On the outside of the building model 51, a celestial sphere 61 used for calculating the heat load of the outer skin of the building model 51, particularly the solar radiation load, is set.

The correspondence table 23 and the reference table 24 are stored in the storage unit 14. The correspondence table 23 and the reference table 24 will be described in detail later.

The storage unit 14 stores a calculation program 22 that can be executed by the computer 11. When the computer 11 executes the calculation program 22, the computer 11 functions as various functional units 31 to 36 as described below.

The model data reading unit 31 reads the building model data 21 from the storage unit 14.

The outer skin dividing portion 32 divides the outer skin of the building model 51 into a plurality of first meshes 52. The first mesh 52 refers to a small planar area having vertices and edges connecting the vertices. The shape of the outer skin of the building model 51 is represented by the first mesh 52. The aggregate of the first mesh 52 becomes the outer skin of the building model 51. Since the divided first mesh 52 is very large and minute, the outer skin of the building model 51 is expressed in a complicated and detailed manner.

The outer skin dividing portion 32 calculates the position of the apex of each first mesh 52 when the outer skin of the building model 51 is divided. The positions of the vertices are represented by latitude, longitude and altitude, or by a geocentric Cartesian coordinate system.

The normal vector calculation unit 33 calculates the normal vector of each first mesh 52, particularly the unit normal vector, from the positions of the vertices of each first mesh 52. The normal vector is represented by the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of the first mesh 52. Although the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of each first mesh 52 are discrete parameters, the azimuth and elevation or depression of the normal of each first mesh 52 are very large in possible values. Azimuth and elevation or depression are almost stepless and continuous parameters, that is, almost analog parameters. However, since the azimuth angle and elevation angle or depression angle of the normal of each first mesh 52 are calculated by the computer 11, it is needless to say that they are not completely analog parameters. In the present embodiment, the azimuth is based on the south and the counterclockwise direction is set to the positive direction, but the reference direction of the azimuth may be any of north, south, east, and west, and the positive direction of the azimuth. Can be either counterclockwise or clockwise. Further, the elevation angle or the depression angle is based on a perpendicular line perpendicular to the horizontal plane, but the reference angle or the depression angle may be the horizontal plane.

The mesh mapping unit 34 refers to the mapping table 23 and sets the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of each first mesh 52 of the building model 51 according to the mapping table 23 of the second mesh 62 of the celestial sphere 61. Corresponds to the azimuth and elevation or depression of the normal.

The center of the celestial sphere 61 is set at the position of the building model 51. The celestial sphere 61 is divided into a plurality of second meshes 62. The celestial sphere 61 is represented by these second meshes 62, and the aggregate of these second meshes 62 is the celestial sphere 61. Like the first mesh 52 of the building model 51, the second mesh 62 of the celestial sphere 61 is also a small planar area having vertices and edges connecting the vertices. The second mesh 62 of the celestial sphere 61 is less than the first mesh 52 of the building model 51. In addition, in FIG. 3, the number described in the 2nd mesh 62 is an identification number peculiar to each 2nd mesh 62.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the correspondence table 23. The correspondence table 23 shows the range of values that the normal azimuth and elevation angle or depression angle of each first mesh 52 of the building model 51 can take, and the azimuth angle and normal line of each second mesh 62 of the celestial sphere 61. It is a data table that describes the correspondence with the values that the elevation angle or the depression angle can take. Here, the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of each second mesh 62 of the celestial sphere 61 are discrete parameters, and the azimuth and elevation or depression of the normal of each first mesh 52 of the building model 51 are also. It is a discrete parameter. However, since the second mesh 62 of the celestial sphere 61 is smaller than the first mesh 52 of the building model 51, the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of each second mesh 62 of the celestial sphere 61 can be set to the building. The azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of each first mesh 52 of the model 51 is less than possible. Therefore, in the correspondence table 23, the azimuth of the normal of each first mesh 52 of the building model 51 with respect to the value that the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of each second mesh 62 of the celestial sphere 61 can take. The range of values that the azimuth and elevation or depression angle can take is associated.

The correspondence relationship described in the correspondence table 23 is determined as follows. That is, when the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of the first mesh 52 of the building model 51 are included in the range of the leftmost column and the second column from the left of the correspondence table 23, FIGS. 5 to 7 show. As shown, the extension of the normal 53 of the first mesh 52 is the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal 63 with the values in the second column from the right and the rightmost column associated with the range. It will intersect the second mesh 62 of the celestial sphere 61.

The solar radiation amount acquisition unit 35 refers to the reference table 24 and refers to the azimuth angle and the azimuth angle of the normal line of the second mesh 62 associated with the elevation angle or the depression angle of each first mesh 52 of the building model 51. And, based on the elevation angle or the depression angle, the azimuth angle and the solar radiation amount associated with the elevation angle or the depression angle of the normal of the second mesh 62 are acquired as the solar radiation amount of the first mesh 52.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the reference table 24. As shown in FIG. 8, the reference table 24 is prepared for each latitude, longitude, and date and time for one year. Once the latitude, longitude and date and time are specified, the corresponding reference table 24 is specified.

The reference table 24 shows the correspondence between the values that the azimuth, elevation, or depression angle of the normal of each second mesh 62 of the celestial sphere 61 can take and the values that the amount of solar radiation per unit area of each second mesh 62 can take. It is a described data table. The amount of solar radiation per unit area of each second mesh 62 is a discrete parameter. In the reference table 24, the possible values of the azimuth, elevation, or depression angle of the normal of each second mesh 62 of the celestial sphere 61 and the possible values of the amount of solar radiation per unit area of each second mesh 62 are a pair. It is associated with 1.

The correspondence relationships described in the reference table 24 will be described below. That is, when the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of the second mesh 62 of the celestial sphere 61 are the values in the leftmost column and the second column from the left of the reference table 24, the amount of solar radiation of the second mesh 62, in particular. The amount of slope solar radiation is the value in the rightmost column associated with those values.

The solar radiation load calculation unit 36 calculates the solar radiation load based on the acquired solar radiation amount per unit area.

2. 2. Flow of processing executed by the computer Next, the flow of processing performed by the computer 11 according to the calculation program 22 will be described.

(1) Reading of building model data First, the model data reading unit 31 reads the building model data 21 from the storage unit 14 and expands it into the RAM.

(2) Exterior skin division Next, the outer skin division unit 32 divides the outer skin of the building model 51 according to the building model data 21 read by the model data reading unit 31 into a plurality of first meshes 52, and each of them. The positions of the vertices of the first mesh 52 are calculated.

(3) Normal vector calculation Next, the normal vector calculation unit 33 calculates the normal vector of each first mesh 52 based on the positions of the vertices of each first mesh 52 calculated by the outer skin dividing unit 32. do. That is, the normal vector calculation unit 33 calculates the azimuth, elevation, or depression angle of the normal of each first mesh 52.

(4) Correspondence Next, the mesh mapping unit 34 refers to the association table 23 and determines the azimuth, elevation, or depression angle of the normal of each first mesh 52 calculated by the normal vector calculation unit 33. Corresponds to the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of the second mesh 62 of the celestial sphere 61. That is, when the mesh mapping unit 34 includes the azimuth, elevation, or depression angle of the normal of the first mesh 52 calculated by the normal vector calculation unit 33 in the range of the leftmost column and the second column from the left. , The azimuth and elevation or depression angle that are the values in the second column from the right and the rightmost column associated with those ranges are associated with the azimuth and elevation angle or depression angle of the normal of the first mesh 52.

(5) Acquisition of solar radiation amount Next, the solar radiation amount acquisition unit 35 refers to the reference table 24 and is associated with the azimuth angle and elevation angle or depression angle of the normal of each first mesh 52 according to the mapping table 23. Based on the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of the 2 mesh 62, the amount of solar radiation associated with the azimuth and elevation or depression of the normal of the 2nd mesh 62 is acquired. Then, the solar radiation amount acquisition unit 35 determines the acquired solar radiation amount as the solar radiation amount per unit area of each first mesh 52.

In addition, the solar radiation amount acquisition unit 35 acquires the solar radiation amount per unit area of each first mesh 52 by date and time by referring to each reference table 24 corresponding to the latitude and longitude of the building model 51.

(6) Calculation of solar radiation load Next, the solar radiation load calculation unit 36 multiplies the solar radiation amount per unit area of each first mesh 52 determined by the solar radiation amount acquisition unit 35 by various coefficients to obtain each first. The solar radiation load through the mesh 52 is calculated. Specifically, the solar radiation load calculation unit 36 obtains four components (that is, the direct achievement component, the direct achievement component feature reflection component, the sky component, and the sky component feature reflection component), and then these four components. Is summed up, and the summation is multiplied by the shielding coefficient to calculate the solar radiation load. Here, the direct achievement amount is obtained by multiplying the direct achievement amount of the window surface solar radiation amount by the heat acquisition rate according to the window surface sunshine area ratio and the solar radiation angle characteristic. The feature reflection component for the direct achievement is obtained by multiplying the direct achievement of the amount of solar radiation on the window surface by the feature reflectance, the view factor for the feature of the window, and the heat income rate of the sky solar radiation. The sky component is obtained by multiplying the window surface solar radiation amount by the view factor of the window with respect to the sky and the heat acquisition rate of the sky solar radiation. The feature reflection component of the sky component is obtained by multiplying the window surface solar sky component by the feature reflectance, the view factor for the window feature, and the heat income rate of the sky solar radiation. The sum of these four components is called solar heat acquisition.

3. 3. Advantageous effects (1) By reference to the mapping table 23, the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of each first mesh 52 of the building model 51 is the azimuth and elevation of the normal of each second mesh 62 of the celestial sphere 61. It is associated with an elevation angle or a depression angle. As a result, the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of each first mesh 52 of the building model 51 is replaced with the azimuth and elevation or depression of the normal of each second mesh 62 of the celestial sphere 61, and the calculation is performed by the computer 11. Is done. Here, the azimuth and elevation angle or depression angle of the normal line of each second mesh 62 of the celestial sphere 61 can be taken by the azimuth angle and elevation angle or depression angle of the normal line of each first mesh 52 of the building model 51. Less than the value. Therefore, the calculation load by the computer 11 is reduced.

(2) The process of calculating the amount of solar radiation from the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of each first mesh 52 of the building model 51 imposes a heavy burden. However, the amount of solar radiation is calculated in advance and stored in the reference table 24 of the storage unit 14 in advance. Then, the computer 11 calculates the azimuth, elevation, or depression angle of the normal of each first mesh 52 of the building model 51, and then refers to the correspondence table 23 and the reference table 24 to insolate from the reference table 24. Get the quantity. Therefore, the calculation load of the computer 11 is reduced.

(3) In the reference table 24, the amount of solar radiation is associated with each possible value of the azimuth, elevation, or depression of the normal of each second mesh 62 of the celestial sphere 61. The azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of each second mesh 62 of the celestial sphere 61 is a value that can be taken by the azimuth and elevation or depression of the normal of each first mesh 52 of the building model 51. Less than. Therefore, the amount of data in the reference table 24 is small, and the burden of the process of acquiring the amount of solar radiation by referring to the reference table 24 is reduced.

10 ... Heat load calculation device 11 ... Computer 21 ... Building model data 22 ... Calculation program 23 ... Correspondence table 24 ... Reference table 31 ... Model data reading unit 32 ... Outer skin division unit 33 ... Normal vector calculation unit 34 ... Mesh compatible Attachment 35 ... Solar radiation amount acquisition unit 36 ... Solar radiation load calculation unit 51 ... Building model 52 ... 1st mesh 61 ... Tenkyu 62 ... 2nd mesh

Claims (3)

In the heat load calculation device that calculates the solar radiation load of the outer skin of the building model,
A dividing means for dividing the outer skin of the building model into a plurality of first meshes, and
A normal vector calculating means for calculating the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of the first mesh, and
A range of values that the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of the first mesh can take, and a plurality of second spheres obtained by dividing the celestial sphere centered on the building model less than the first mesh. The azimuth of the normal of the first mesh calculated by the normal vector calculating means with reference to the correspondence table describing the correspondence between the azimuth of the normal of the mesh and the value that the elevation or depression angle can take. And associating means for associating the elevation or depression angle with the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of the second mesh.
With reference to the reference table that describes the correspondence between the values that can be taken by the azimuth, elevation, or depression angle of the normal of the second mesh and the values that can be taken by the amount of solar radiation per unit area of the second mesh. The amount of solar radiation corresponding to the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of the second mesh associated with the mapping means is acquired, and the acquired amount of solar radiation is per unit area of the first mesh of the building model. The means of obtaining the amount of solar radiation, which is determined as the amount of solar radiation,
A heat load calculation device including a solar radiation load calculating means for calculating a solar radiation load through the first mesh of the building model based on the solar radiation amount acquired by the solar radiation amount acquisition means. When the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of the first mesh is included in the range in the mapping table, the extension of the normal of the first mesh is associated with the range in the mapping table. The heat load calculation device according to claim 1, wherein the azimuth angle and the elevation angle or the depression angle of the normal are represented by the above-mentioned values. In the heat load calculation method that calculates the solar radiation load of the outer skin of the building model by computer
The division process of dividing the outer skin of the building model into a plurality of first meshes, and
A normal vector calculation step for calculating the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of the first mesh, and
A range of values that the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of the first mesh can take, and a plurality of second spheres obtained by dividing the celestial sphere centered on the building model less than the first mesh. The azimuth of the normal of the first mesh calculated by the normal vector calculation step with reference to the correspondence table describing the correspondence between the azimuth of the normal of the mesh and the value that the elevation or depression angle can take. And the associating step of associating the elevation angle or the depression angle with the azimuth and the elevation angle or the depression angle of the normal of the second mesh.
With reference to the reference table that describes the correspondence between the values that can be taken by the azimuth, elevation, or depression angle of the normal of the second mesh and the values that can be taken by the amount of solar radiation per unit area of the second mesh. The amount of solar radiation corresponding to the azimuth and elevation or depression angle of the normal of the second mesh associated with the mapping step is acquired, and the acquired amount of solar radiation is per unit area of the first mesh of the building model. The solar radiation acquisition process, which is determined as the solar radiation amount,
A heat load calculation method comprising a solar radiation load calculation step of calculating a solar radiation load through the first mesh of the building model based on the solar radiation amount acquired by the solar radiation amount acquisition step.

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