JP7094838B2 - Energy management system, energy management device and surface temperature estimation device - Google Patents

Description

The present disclosure relates to energy management systems, energy management devices and surface temperature estimation devices that generate energy supply and demand plans.

In recent years, the concentration of people in urban areas has become a problem due to the concentration of population, transportation or infrastructure. Furthermore, short-term and local climate changes such as sudden weather changes and heavy rainfall have been observed in central Tokyo and rural areas. Prediction and countermeasures are essential because such climate change affects infrastructure such as transportation and power consumption, and causes rapid changes in urban functions in a short period of time.

Such changes in local weather conditions in urban and rural areas and changes in energy supply and demand due to such changes in weather conditions occur in a range smaller than the range of 500 to 700 m ² squares that can be predicted by conventional weather forecasts. In many cases, it cannot be grasped by the weather forecast. In addition, rapid weather changes have a large effect on the amount of variable renewable energy (VRE) generated, such as solar power generation or wind power generation, so weather forecasting and grasping the weather with a finer mesh than conventional weather forecasting Is required.

For example, in order to understand the discrepancy between the weather forecast and the actual weather conditions, the weather conditions are estimated based on the power supply and demand conditions (renewable energy power generation status and power consumption status) of local consumers, and the results are further calculated. A power supply system that determines the power distribution in a region by correcting future predictions of the amount of power generated by renewable energy and power consumption has been proposed so far (Patent Document 1).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2014-27780

The heat island phenomenon is considered to be one of the causes of the above-mentioned local climate change. In order to understand the heat island phenomenon, it is effective to analyze the data corresponding to the surface temperature of the area. However, it is not realistic to grasp the surface temperature because a new sensor is installed and the cost increases. Further, in the invention described in Patent Document 1, a method is adopted in which the power supply and demand forecast based on the weather forecast is corrected by utilizing the power supply and demand situation in the region. In other words, the invention described in Patent Document 1 does not directly grasp one of the essential causes of climate change and correct the power supply and demand forecast.

This disclosure has been made in view of the above points, and provides a technique capable of grasping local climate change and performing optimal energy management for each region.

In order to solve the above problems, an energy management system including a photovoltaic power generation device, an energy management device, and a server, wherein the photovoltaic power generation device includes a photovoltaic panel and an open circuit voltage output by the photovoltaic panel. The server includes a photovoltaic data transmission unit that transmits power generation data including a voltage value of the above and a current value of a short-circuit current, the server comprises a meteorological data transmission unit that transmits meteorological data, and the energy management device comprises the solar. A power generation data acquisition unit that acquires the power generation data transmitted by the photovoltaic power generation device, a weather data acquisition unit that acquires the weather data in the first region including a point where the solar panel is installed, and a weather data acquisition unit. The solar radiation amount calculation unit that calculates the amount of solar radiation at the point where the solar panel is installed based on the current value, and the surface temperature of the solar panel based on the voltage value are calculated, and the surface temperature and the said The sun is based on the surface temperature calculation unit that calculates the surface temperature of the point where the solar panel is installed based on the amount of solar radiation, the meteorological data of the first region, the amount of solar radiation and the surface temperature. A meteorological data estimation unit that estimates meteorological data in a second region narrower than the first region, including a point where an optical panel is installed, and at least the meteorological data estimated by the meteorological data estimation unit and meteorology. Local energy supply and demand plan generation that estimates the supply amount of renewable energy in the second region based on the past power supply and demand history of the second region linked to the data and generates a local energy supply and demand plan. Provides an energy management system with a department.

In addition, a power generation data acquisition unit that acquires power generation data including the voltage value of the open circuit voltage and the current value of the short-circuit current, which is output by the solar panel of the photovoltaic power generation device, and the point where the photovoltaic panel is installed. A meteorological data acquisition unit that acquires meteorological data in the first region including the above, an insolation amount calculation unit that calculates the amount of solar radiation at a point where the solar panel is installed based on the current value, and the voltage value. Based on the above, the surface temperature of the solar panel is calculated, and the surface temperature of the point where the solar panel is installed is calculated based on the surface temperature and the amount of solar radiation. A meteorological data estimation unit that estimates meteorological data in a second region that is narrower than the first region, including the point where the solar panel is installed, based on the meteorological data of the region, the amount of solar radiation, and the surface temperature. An energy management device including an energy supply / demand plan generation unit that generates an energy supply / demand plan based on the weather data estimated by the weather data estimation unit is provided.

In addition, a photovoltaic power generation data acquisition unit that acquires power generation data including an open circuit voltage value and a short-circuit current current value output by the solar panel provided in the photovoltaic power generation device, and the photovoltaic panel based on the current value. The solar panel that calculates the surface temperature of the solar panel based on the voltage value and the solar panel that calculates the amount of solar radiation at the point where the solar panel is installed. Provided is a surface temperature estimation device provided with a surface temperature calculation unit for calculating the surface temperature of a point where a solar panel is installed.

According to the present disclosure, it is possible to grasp local climate change and perform optimal energy management for each region. Issues, configurations and effects other than the above will be clarified by the following description of embodiments.

It is a figure which shows the whole structure of the energy management system which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows roughly the structure of an energy management system. It is a figure which shows the display screen example of the display part provided with the energy management apparatus. It is a flowchart which shows the process of a local energy supply and demand planning system. It is a figure which shows the whole structure of the energy management system which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the processing of the local energy supply and demand planning system of 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows schematically the airflow window.

Hereinafter, examples of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. The examples of the present disclosure are not limited to the examples described later, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea. Further, the corresponding parts of the drawings used in the description of each embodiment described later are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicate description will be omitted. In the present specification, the energy supply and demand plan (or energy operation plan) generation method and the definition of the energy supply and demand plan follow, for example, a well-known method and definition.

<First Embodiment>
[Energy management system configuration]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of the energy management system 1 according to the first embodiment. The energy management system 1 of the first embodiment includes a photovoltaic power generation device 10, an energy management device 20, a consumer 30, and a server 40 for transmitting weather forecast data. The photovoltaic power generation device 10, the energy management device 20, the consumer 30, and the server 40 form a network connected to each other by wire or wirelessly.

The photovoltaic power generation device 10 transmits power generation data including a solar panel 100 that converts the optical energy of sunlight into electrical energy, an open circuit voltage value output by the solar panel 100, and a short-circuit current current value. A PCS (power conditioning system) 101 that converts the output current of the data transmission unit 110 and the solar panel 100 into AC is provided. The power generation data includes, for example, both the output value of an individual solar panel 100 and the output value of a unit composed of a plurality of solar panels 100. The electric power generated by the solar panel 100 is transmitted to the consumer 30.

The solar panel 100 is, for example, a solar panel 100 placed in a field in a suburb or a suburb in the area. There are no particular restrictions on the installation requirements of the solar panel 100, but when the solar panel 100 is placed on a field, the distance to the ground surface is short, so that the surface temperature can be estimated with higher accuracy. As will be described later, the energy management system 1 of the first embodiment estimates the surface temperature in the vicinity of the panel by using the output value of the solar panel 100.

Further, the energy management device 20 includes an area energy management system (AEMS) 200, a wide area energy supply and demand planning system 210, and a local energy supply and demand planning system 220. Details of the energy management device 20 will be described later. The regional energy management system 200 communicates with an external device to acquire various data, and also transmits an instruction signal or data for executing an electric power operation plan. The wide area energy supply and demand planning system 210 generates an energy supply and demand plan in a relatively coarse mesh region based on, for example, a weather forecast. The local energy supply / demand planning system 220 estimates meteorological data in a fine region of the mesh based on the data acquired from the photovoltaic power generation device 10, and generates an energy supply / demand plan for the region.

The consumer 30 represents, for example, a set of ordinary households and businesses in need of electricity. The consumer 30 is also a power supplier, and the electric power stored in the storage battery provided independently and the electric power generated by the power generation facility can be interchanged among the consumers 30 via the network. Further, the consumer 30 consumes the electric power generated by the photovoltaic power generation device 10 and the electric power generated by the electric power supply company. The consumer 30 transmits data on the amount of electric power required by home appliances, factories, and the like and data on the amount of electric power that can be supplied to the energy management device 20 via a network.

The server 40 stores the meteorological data of the coarse region (first region) of the mesh predicted by the conventional method. Specifically, the server 40 stores general meteorological data provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency, a private meteorological information provider, or the like, and the minimum unit covered by the meteorological data, that is, the resolution of the area is, for example, 500 to. It is about 700m ² . The server 40 includes a weather data transmission unit 41, and transmits the weather data to the energy management device 20.

[Details of energy management device 20]
FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the energy management system 1. Hereinafter, the energy management device 20 will be described in detail, and the description of the photovoltaic power generation device 10, the consumer 30, and the server 40 will be omitted.

As described above, the energy management device 20 includes a recording unit 21, a control unit 22, and a display unit 23. The recording unit 21 is, for example, a ROM (Read Only Memory) in which a program executed by the control unit 22 is recorded, a RAM (Random Access Memory) in which data such as calculation results are temporarily recorded, a power supply / supply history, and past weather. It is equipped with an HDD (Hard Disk Drive) in which an energy supply history associated with the amount of power generated on the day of the weather is recorded.

The control unit 22 functions as a regional energy management system 200, a wide area energy supply and demand planning system 210, and a local energy supply and demand planning system 220 by executing the program recorded in the recording unit 21.

[Details of regional energy management system 200]
The functions of the regional energy management system 200 are further classified into a weather data acquisition unit 201, a power generation data acquisition unit 202, a power demand data acquisition unit 203, an operation plan correction unit 204, and an operation plan implementation unit 205.

The meteorological data acquisition unit 201 acquires the meteorological data of the coarse mesh region (first region) including the point where the solar panel 100 is installed from the server 40. Here, the coarse mesh region means, for example, a region having an area of about 500 to 700 m ² . The meteorological data acquisition unit 201, for example, divides the meteorological data of the entire area covered by the energy management system 1 into a plurality of coarse mesh regions, and acquires the meteorological data relating to the plurality of regions from the server 40. The meteorological data acquisition unit 201 records the acquired meteorological data in the coarse region of the mesh in the recording unit 21.

The power generation data acquisition unit 202 acquires power generation data transmitted by the power generation data transmission unit 110 of the photovoltaic power generation device 10. Further, the power generation data acquisition unit 202 acquires data on the amount of electricity generated by the power supply company or the like. The power generation data acquisition unit 202 records the acquired power generation data in the recording unit 21.

In the circuit configuration of the photovoltaic power generation device 10, since a plurality of solar panels 100 are connected in series, the voltage value of the open circuit voltage output by the photovoltaic power generation device 10 will be changed if even one of the solar panels 100 fails. It will drop significantly. Therefore, the power generation data acquisition unit 202 may issue a warning when the voltage value of the open circuit voltage output by the photovoltaic power generation device 10 is lower than a predetermined value. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the weather from being predicted based on the power generation data of the error value. The predetermined value is a value determined by the standard of the installed solar panel 100, the number of solar panels, and the like, and is, for example, about 30% of the assumed maximum voltage value.

The electric power demand data acquisition unit 203 acquires data regarding the electric power demand of the consumer 30. The electric power demand data acquisition unit 203 acquires, for example, data on the usage status of home appliances or factories of a plurality of consumers 30 in a region and the storage status of a storage battery on a network. The electric power demand data acquisition unit 203 records the acquired electric power demand data in association with the weather regarding the position of the consumer 30. That is, the electric power demand data acquisition unit 203 accumulates the past electric power demand history of the consumer 30 in the energy management system 1.

There may be a discrepancy between the wide area energy supply and demand plan (wide area operation plan) generated by the wide area energy supply and demand planning system 210 and the local energy supply and demand plan (local operation plan) generated by the local energy supply and demand planning system 220, which will be described later. be.

In the operation plan correction unit 204, for example, the supply amount of renewable energy estimated by the local energy supply and demand planning system 220 is less than or equal to the predetermined standard as compared with the supply amount of renewable energy estimated by the wide area energy supply and demand planning system 210. If there is, amend the operation plan. In other words, the operation plan correction unit 204 is responsible for the renewable energy estimated in the "local operation plan" rather than the renewable energy supply estimated in the "wide area operation plan" due to the local heavy rain. If the supply amount is smaller than the specified amount, the operation plan is amended. Specifically, the operation plan correction unit 204 generates a “correction operation plan” such as executing a demand response of the consumer 30 or attempting a peak shift using stored energy.

The operation plan implementation unit 205 transmits the power distribution data to the power plant and the power distribution data to the storage battery based on the correction operation plan. In other words, the operation plan implementation unit 205 executes the generated energy supply and demand plan. That is, the operation plan implementation unit 205 has a function of optimizing the energy consumption of the consumer 30. If there is no big difference between the local operation plan and the wide area operation plan, the operation plan implementation unit 205 may execute the wide area operation plan as it is.

[Functions of wide area energy supply and demand planning system 210]
The functions of the wide area energy supply and demand planning system 210 are further classified as an energy supply and demand estimation unit 211 and a wide area energy supply and demand plan generation unit 212.

The energy supply / demand estimation unit 211 includes meteorological data acquired by the meteorological data acquisition unit 201, current power supply / demand data of the region corresponding to the meteorological data (first region with a coarse mesh), and mainly solar power generation in the region. Based on the supply data of renewable energy and the history of the past power demand of the consumer 30 recorded in association with the weather, the power supply and demand of the consumer 30 (power supply and demand in the first region) is predicted. Here, the power supply and demand forecast includes the supply forecast of renewable energy. The wide area energy supply and demand plan generation unit 212 generates a "wide area operation plan" based on the power supply and demand forecast of the consumer 30.

[Function of local energy supply and demand planning system 220]
The functions of the local energy supply and demand planning system 220 are further classified into the solar radiation amount calculation unit 221, the surface temperature calculation unit 222, the meteorological data estimation unit 223, and the local energy supply and demand plan generation unit 224.

The solar radiation amount calculation unit 221 calculates the solar radiation amount at the point where the solar panel 100 is installed based on the current value of the short-circuit current output by the solar panel 100 acquired by the power generation data acquisition unit 202. There is a high correlation between the current value of the short-circuit current output by the solar panel 100 and the amount of solar radiation. The amount of solar radiation may be calculated based on the current value output by the individual solar panels 100, or may be calculated based on the average value of the current values output by the individual solar panels 100. Here, the amount of solar radiation at the point where the solar panel 100 is installed is, for example, the amount of solar radiation in a region (second region) of about 5 to 300 m ² including the position where the solar panel 100 is installed. Is shown.

The surface temperature calculation unit 222 calculates the surface temperature of the solar panel 100 based on the voltage value output by the solar panel 100, and the surface temperature of the solar panel 100 and the solar radiation at the point where the solar panel 100 is installed. The surface temperature of the point where the solar panel 100 is installed is calculated based on the amount. Similar to the calculation of the amount of solar radiation, the calculation of the surface temperature may be calculated based on the voltage value output by the individual solar panels 100, or is calculated based on the average value of the voltage values of the individual solar panels 100. You may.

The meteorological data estimation unit 223 includes the point where the solar panel 100 is installed based on the meteorological data, the amount of solar radiation, and the surface temperature of the first region, and is larger than the first region (for example, 500 to 700 m ² ). Estimate meteorological data for a narrow second area (eg, 5 to 300 m ² ). The meteorological data in the first region is mainly used data for relative humidity and is used for estimating the cloud cover.

The local energy supply and demand plan generation unit 224 is based on at least the meteorological data estimated by the meteorological data estimation unit 223 and the past power supply and demand history of the second region linked to the meteorological data. Generate an energy supply and demand plan (local operation plan). The local operation plan includes, for example, the amount of renewable energy generated in the second region. More specifically, the local energy supply / demand plan generation unit 224 may generate a local energy supply / demand plan including supplying the electric power generated by the photovoltaic power generation device 10 in the second region.

[Display unit 23]
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a display screen of the display unit 23 included in the energy management device 20. Hereinafter, the display unit 23 included in the energy management device 20 will be described as an example, but the display unit 23 can also be connected to each home and factory connected to the network to display the same information. As the display unit 23, a general liquid crystal display, an organic EL display, or the like can be used.

The display unit 23 has, for example, a function of displaying the weather condition, the energy supply / demand situation, and the supply rate of renewable energy in the area, and notifying the user of the energy management system 1 of the above information. Specifically, the display unit 23 includes, for example, a power generation display unit 401 showing the power generation record (Yesterday) up to the day before the photovoltaic power generation device 10 and the amount of power generation on the day (Today), and the display unit 23 up to the day before the consumer 30. Consumer information 402 that displays the power supply and demand of the day (Yesterday) and the day (Today), the received power display unit 403 that shows the power received from the power system, the regional weather information 404, and the power optimum control of the customer. The optimum control display unit 405 showing the graph, and the history display unit 406 showing the history and the amount of cost reduction so far in numerical values and the like are displayed.

[Processing flow of local energy supply and demand planning system 220]
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the processing of the local energy supply and demand planning system 220. The steps to analyze the power generation data of the photovoltaic power generation device 10 and estimate the meteorological data are S1 solar radiation amount calculation, S2 solar panel temperature calculation, S3 surface temperature calculation, S4 cloud cover calculation, and S5 local weather data estimation. It consists of 5 steps. Hereinafter, each step of S1 to S5 will be described. Since the process executed by the wide area energy supply and demand planning system 210 is the same as the process of generating an operation plan using well-known meteorological data, the description thereof will be omitted.

(Step S1)
The solar radiation amount calculation unit 221 calculates the solar radiation amount at the point where the solar panel 100 is installed based on the current value Isc of the short-circuit current output by the solar panel 100. Since the short-circuit current Isc output by the solar panel 100 is proportional to the amount of solar radiation, the amount of solar radiation around the photovoltaic power generation system can be easily calculated from the value of the short-circuit current. The short-circuit current Isc is defined by Equation 1 below, and the amount of solar radiation on the ground surface Ig can be calculated.
Isc = Istc × ε × cosθ × Ig ... (Equation 1)
Isc: Short circuit current,
Istc: Standard short-circuit current at standard surface solar radiation (1 kW / m ² ) and standard temperature (air temperature = 25 ° C),
ε: Number of albedos in solar panels,
θ: The angle between the installation angle of the solar panel and the incident angle of sunlight,
Ig: Ground surface solar radiation (kW / m ² )

When the amount of solar radiation calculated in step S1 is 10 W / m ² or less, it corresponds to nighttime or cloudy weather with a cloud amount of 9 or more. When the calculated amount of solar radiation is 10 W / m ² or less, the local meteorological data is determined with a cloud amount of 9 or more. If the calculated amount of solar radiation is larger than 10 W / m ² , the process proceeds to S2.

(Step S2)
The surface temperature calculation unit 222 calculates the surface temperature of the solar panel 100 based on the voltage value output by the solar panel 100. Once the amount of solar radiation is determined, the surface temperature of the solar panel 100 can be obtained by the correlation with the open circuit voltage.

There is a linear relationship between the open circuit voltage Voc of the solar panel 100 and the surface temperature Ts_pv of the solar panel 100, and the surface temperature Ts_pv of the solar panel 100 is uniquely defined by detecting the open circuit voltage Voc. .. The surface temperature Ts_pv of the solar panel 100 can be calculated from the following equation 2 using the open circuit voltage value Voc of the solar panel 100.
Voc = _{Ts_pv} × (nk / q) ln [(IL / I ₀ ) +1] ... (Equation 2)
n: Diode parameter k: Boltzmann constant q: Charge element IL: Light current associated with light irradiation I ₀ : Reverse saturated electromotive force I: Current in circuit V: Voltage _{Ts_pv} : Surface temperature of solar panel 100

(Step S3)
The surface temperature calculation unit 222 calculates the surface temperature Ts_g at the point where the solar panel 100 is installed based on the surface temperature Ts_pv of the solar panel 100 and the amount of solar radiation at the point where the solar panel 100 is installed. .. The surface temperature Ts_g can be calculated based on the following equations 3 to 8 and the amount of solar radiation. Equations 3 to 5 are heat balance equations for the solar panel 100, and equations 6 to 8 are heat balance equations for the ground surface.

[Solar panel heat balance type]
Rn_pv = σ (Ts_pv) ⁴ + Hpv + lE + G ... (Equation 3)
Rn_pv: Net radiation amount on the surface of the solar panel 100 σ: Stefan-Boltzmann coefficient Ts_pv: Surface temperature of the solar panel 100 Hpv: Sensible heat transport amount (sensible heat near the surface of the solar panel 100)
lE: Latent heat transport volume (latent heat near the surface of the solar panel 100)
G: Underground heat transfer Here, on the surface of the solar panel 100, the factors that generate latent heat are very few compared to the normal ground surface (asphalt, lawn, soil, etc.), and the underground heat transfer G is taken into consideration. The heat balance equation (Equation 3) on the surface of the solar panel 100 placed in the field can be modified as follows.
Rn_pv = Hpv + σ (Ts_pv) ⁴ ... (Equation 4)
Rn_pv: Net radiation amount on the surface of the solar panel Hpv: Sensible heat transport amount on the solar panel σ: Stefan-Boltzmann coefficient Ts_pv: Surface temperature Hpv of the solar panel 100 can be described as follows.
Hpv = Cp × ρ × ChU (Ts_pv-T) ... (Equation 5)
Cp: Specific heat of air ρ: Air density ChU: Conductance (constant)
T: Atmospheric temperature (air temperature)

[The heat balance type of the ground surface]
Rn = σ (Ts_g) ⁴ + H + lE + G ... (Equation 6)
Ts_g: Ground surface temperature H: Sensible heat transport amount on the ground surface lE: Latent heat transport amount on the ground surface G: Underground heat transfer Here, on the ground surface, the ground transfer heat G is ignored in the range where the ground surface temperature is discussed. The heat balance equation (Equation 6) on the ground surface can be transformed into Rn = σ (Ts_g) ⁴ + H + lE.
The sensible heat transport amount H on the ground surface can be described as follows.
H = Cp × ρ × ChU (Ts_g-T) ... (Equation 7)
Ts_g: Ground surface temperature near the solar panel The latent heat transport amount lE on the ground surface can be described as follows.
lE = β × ChU (Qs-Q) ... (Equation 8)
β: Evaporation efficiency (constant determined by albedo, ground surface shape, material)
Qs: Saturation specific humidity with respect to surface temperature Ts_g (given by a function of Ts_g and easily obtained from a numerical table)
Q: Atmospheric specific humidity

When the above equations 4 to 8 are used, the surface temperature Ts_g can be obtained from the surface temperature Ts_pv of the solar panel 100. The surface temperature Ts_g is associated with the moisture (humidity element) contained in the surface and the albedo element on the surface.

(Step S4)
The meteorological data estimation unit 223 obtains the cloud cover based on the relative humidity, the topographical data, and the calculated surface temperature Ts_g. When the surface temperature is high, such as in midsummer, cumulonimbus clouds develop rapidly, causing local heavy rainfall and sunshine changes. The energy management system 1 of the present disclosure can infer such a sudden change in weather (change in cloud cover). Each of the data obtained in steps S1 to S4 is used as "local meteorological data" to generate an energy supply and demand plan. Local meteorological data is meteorological data in a narrower place than conventional Amedas observation points, and the types of data are temperature, humidity, cloud cover, solar radiation, and weather (sunny, rain, cloudy).

If the cloud cover is estimated to be significantly smaller than the generally available meteorological data (temperature, humidity, cloud cover, solar radiation), the humidity and temperature may be re-verified and recalculated from step S3. .. If the cloud cover is estimated to be extremely large with respect to the meteorological data, local cumulonimbus cloud development is assumed.

(Step S5)
The local energy supply and demand plan generation unit 224 of the second region is based on at least the meteorological data estimated by the meteorological data estimation unit 223 and the past power supply and demand history of the second region linked to the meteorological data. Generate an energy supply and demand plan (local operation plan).

As described above, the energy management system 1 generates a local operation plan and a wide area operation plan. If there is no difference between the local operation plan and the wide area operation plan, for example, the energy management system 1 executes the wide area operation plan without changing it. If there is a difference between the local operation plan and the wide area operation plan, the energy management system 1 executes the supplementary operation plan. Therefore, the energy management system 1 of the present disclosure can grasp local weather fluctuations and perform optimal energy management for each region. The local operation plan, the wide area operation plan, and the supplementary operation plan described above may all include the supply of electric power by the photovoltaic power generation device 10.

<Second embodiment>
Next, the energy management system 2 of the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 6.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of the energy management system 2 according to the second embodiment. In FIG. 5, the same components as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1, and therefore detailed description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 5, in the energy management system 2 of the second embodiment, the solar panel 100 forms a part of the building material (wall material, window, pillar material, etc.) of the building of the consumer 30. It differs from the first embodiment in that it constitutes a so-called building material integrated photovoltaic power generation system. In this case, since the amount of solar radiation on the surface of the solar panel 100 does not always match the amount of solar radiation on the ground surface, in the second embodiment, a step of calculating the amount of solar radiation on the ground surface by the solar radiation amount calculation unit 221 is added. The method of calculating the surface temperature by the surface temperature calculation unit 222 changes. It should be noted that the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 and the like is an example, and is not shown in order to limit the technical idea of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the processing of the local energy supply and demand planning system 220 of the second embodiment. In the second embodiment, since the solar panel 100 is installed on the frame of the building, the step (step S1B) of calculating the amount of solar radiation on the ground surface from the power generation data output by the photovoltaic power generation device 10 and the ground surface temperature. The step (step S3B) for calculating the above is different from that of the first embodiment. Specifically, the solar radiation amount calculation unit 221 calculates the solar radiation amount on the ground surface in consideration of the direction in which the solar panel 100 is installed in the building, and the surface temperature calculation unit 222 is installed by the solar panel 100. The surface temperature is calculated in consideration of the influence of the building materials used. In the following, among the flowcharts shown in FIG. 6, only step S1B and step S3B, which are different from the first embodiment, will be described.

(Step S1B)
Most of the building material integrated photovoltaic power generation systems are installed on the wall surface of a building, and the amount of solar radiation reaching the solar panel 100 is different from that on the ground surface. Therefore, the solar radiation amount calculation unit 221 converts the solar radiation amount of the solar panel 100 into the incident angle to the ground surface by a well-known astronomical method based on the azimuth angle of the installed building and the inclination angle of the solar panel. , Calculate the amount of solar radiation to the ground surface. When the amount of solar radiation to the surface of the solar panel 100 (solar radiation intensity) is Id and the amount of solar radiation to the ground surface is Ig, the relationship between Id and Ig is expressed by the following equation 9.
ε × Id = ε ₀ × Ig × cosθ ... (Equation 9)
ε: Number of albedos of the solar panel Id: Amount of incident on the surface of the solar panel ε ₀ : Number of albedos on the ground surface Ig: Amount of incident on the ground surface θ: Angle formed by the solar panel and the incident light

(Step S3B)
The panel surface temperature of the building material integrated photovoltaic power generation system can be estimated from the open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic power generation as in the first embodiment. However, since the building material integrated photovoltaic power generation system is integrated with the building frame, the panel surface temperature tends to be higher than the ground surface temperature in general sunny weather. In other words, the surface temperature Ts_bipv of the building material integrated solar panel 100 is higher than the surface temperature Ts_g because the heat storage of the sensible heat is large in addition to the surface temperature obtained by the actual solar radiation. Therefore, the heat balance equation described in the description of the first embodiment is modified as the following equation 10.

[Heat balance type of solar panel with integrated building materials]
Rn_bipv = Hbipv + σ (Ts_bipv) ⁴ ... (Equation 10)
Rn_bipv: Net radiation amount of the building material-integrated solar panel 100 Hbipv: Sensible heat transport amount on the building material-integrated solar panel 100 Ts_bipv: Surface temperature of the building material-integrated solar panel 100 Here, Ts_bipv is the formula 2. More derived. Further, the sensible heat transport amount Hbipv of the building material integrated photovoltaic power generation system is represented by the following equation 11.
Hbipv = Cbp x ρ _b x ChU'(Ts_bipv-T) ... (Equation 11)
Cbp: Specific heat of building skeleton ρ _b : Density of building skeleton material ChU': Conductance (constant) of building skeleton
T: Atmospheric temperature (air temperature)

On the other hand, the net radiation amount of the building material integrated solar panel 100 and the net radiation amount of the ground surface can be described by the following formula 12 from the formula 9.
Rn_bipv / Rn = Id / Ig = ε ₀ / ε × cosθ ... (Equation 12)
According to the above equation 12, the albedo number ε of the solar panel 100, the albedo number ε ₀ of the ground surface, the angle θ between the solar panel and the incident light, the net radiation amount of the solar panel 100, and the net radiation amount on the ground surface are obtained. Can be associated. The surface temperature Ts_g can be calculated by taking into consideration the sensible heat and latent heat such as the moisture and humidity of the ground surface described in the above formulas 10 to 12 and further described in the formulas 6 to 8.

According to the second embodiment, the heat load of the building can be calculated directly from the photovoltaic power generation device 10. Therefore, the energy management device of the second embodiment can improve the estimation accuracy by adding the heat load of the building to the estimation of the energy consumption of the consumer.

<Third embodiment>
In the third embodiment, the photovoltaic power generation device 10 constitutes an airflow window, which is a high-performance window system in which a light-transmitting solar cell is incorporated in a window portion. The airflow window is a building material integrated photovoltaic power generation system integrated with the building frame as in the second embodiment. The airflow window can reduce the heat load on the inside of the building by providing a light-transmitting solar cell for the window, and the drive of the exhaust fan provided by the airflow window is interlocked with the photovoltaic power generation device 10. It is possible to remove heat.

[Explanation of airflow window]
FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing an airflow window. 7 (a) is a front view of the outer wall side of the air flow window, FIG. 7 (b) is a front view of the indoor side of the air flow window, and FIG. 7 (c) is a sectional view of the air flow window. .. The airflow window has a multi-layer structure including outdoor glass and indoor glass. In the airflow window, the heat rays absorbed by the light-transmitting solar cell are converted into radiant heat, and the warm air is forcibly exhausted from between the double glazing by the exhaust fan, so that the heat load on the indoor side can be reduced.

In the solar power generation system of the third embodiment, the power source for the exhaust drive of the airflow window is directly supplied from the light transmission type solar cell, and the heat load linked with the solar radiation can be reduced. In addition, since the heat load reduction of the airflow window is linked to solar power generation, it is possible to reduce the heat load in the room by forced exhaust while grasping the amount of solar radiation and the magnitude of radiant heat by referring to the power generation data. can.

Generally, an airflow window is provided with a blind curtain between two pieces of glass on the outside (outdoor side) and inside (indoor side) to shield the space between the two pieces of glass. .. The space between the two pieces of glass is connected to the exhaust duct, and the airflow window can take in the dirty air inside the room and exhaust the heat through the exhaust duct.

As described above, the photovoltaic power generation device 10 of the third embodiment has a structure in which a light-transmitting solar cell is incorporated in an outer glass. Since the light-transmitting solar cell has a light-shielding / heat-shielding function, a blind curtain between two pieces of glass is not essential in the third embodiment. Solar cells are dimmed by light-transmitting solar cells, but if you want to further dimming, install a blind curtain between the two pieces of glass and / or install a conventional interior curtain, etc. on the indoor side. You may.

As the light-transmitting solar cell, one having a window function capable of daylighting is desirable, and as a type of solar cell, a thin-film solar cell is particularly desirable. The light-shielding / heat-shielding function of the thin-film solar cell can be adjusted by the thickness of the thin film, the material, and the like. The material constituting the thin-film solar cell is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include amorphous silicon, CIGS (copper / indium / gallium / sulfur / selenium) compounds, perovskite, and organic materials.

In the third embodiment, since the solar cell used for the airflow window transmits light, the handling of the radiant heat amount when calculating the local meteorological data is different from that in the second embodiment. Specifically, the local energy supply and demand planning system 220 generates a local energy supply and demand plan by correcting the sensible heat transport amount of the solar panel 100 by the amount of waste heat exhausted by the airflow window. That is, in the second embodiment, local meteorological data can be estimated by adjusting the parameters related to the building materials. The other processes are the same as the processes described in the second embodiment. In the following, only the points different from the processing of the second embodiment will be described.

[Heat balance type of airflow window]
Rn _{_AFW} = H _AFW + σ (Ts _{_AFW} ) ⁴ -Hin ... (Equation 13)
Rn _{_AFW} : Amount of radiant heat emitted from the surface of the airflow window _HAFW : Amount of actual heat transport of the solar cell incorporated in the airflow window Ts _{_AFW} : Surface temperature of the solar cell incorporated in the airflow window Hin: Sun incorporated in the airflow window The amount of radiant heat in the airflow window frame and indoors due to the sunlight transmitted through the battery The sum of the radiant amount of the light-transmitting solar cell incorporated in the airflow window and the radiant heat transport amount transmitted through the solar cell can be defined as the amount of radiation on the ground surface. Therefore, based on the formula 12 described in the description of the second embodiment, the relational formula of the radiant heat amount of the third embodiment can be described as the following formula 14.
( _{Rn_AFW} + Hin) / Rn = (Id + Iin) / Ig ... (Equation 14)
Here, since Hin cannot be actually measured, it is obtained from _HAFW and _{Ts_AFW} . As can be seen from the above equations 13 and 14, ( _{Rn_AFW} + Hin) can be regarded as Rnbipv in the calculation equation of the second embodiment, so that the meteorological data can be estimated in exactly the same manner as in the second embodiment. can.

The local energy supply and demand planning system 220 of the third embodiment is based on the above equations 13 and 14 and other equations described in the second embodiment, and the short-circuit current of the light transmissive solar cell incorporated in the airflow window. And the surface temperature can be calculated from the release voltage, and the meteorological data in the local region (second region) can be obtained. Like the energy management system of the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the energy management system of the third embodiment can grasp local weather fluctuations and perform optimal energy management for each region. ..

It should be noted that the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes various modifications. For example, the above-described embodiment has been described in detail in order to explain the present disclosure in an easy-to-understand manner, and is not necessarily limited to the one including all the configurations described. Further, it is possible to replace a part of the configuration of one embodiment with the configuration of another embodiment, and it is also possible to add the configuration of another embodiment to the configuration of one embodiment. Further, it is possible to add / delete / replace a part of the configuration of each embodiment with another configuration. Further, each of the above configurations, functions, processing units, processing means and the like may be realized by hardware by designing a part or all of them by, for example, an integrated circuit. Further, each of the above configurations, functions, and the like may be realized by software by the processor interpreting and executing a program that realizes each function. Information such as programs, tables, and files that realize each function can be placed in a memory, a recording device such as a hard disk or SSD, or a recording medium such as an IC card, SD card, or DVD.

10 ... Solar power generation device 100 ... Solar panel 101 ... PCS
110 ... Power generation data transmission unit 20 ... Energy management device, 21 ... Recording unit, 22 ... Control unit, 23 ... Display unit 200 ... Regional energy management system 201 ... Meteorological data acquisition unit 202 ... Power generation data acquisition unit 203 ... Power demand data acquisition Department 204 ... Operation plan correction department 205 ... Operation plan implementation department 210 ... Wide area energy supply and demand planning system 211 ... Energy supply and demand estimation department 212 ... Wide area energy supply and demand plan generation department 220 ... Local energy supply and demand planning system 221 ... Solar radiation amount calculation department 222 ... Ground surface Temperature calculation unit 223 ... Meteorological data estimation unit 224 ... Local energy supply and demand plan generation unit 30 ... Consumer 40 ... Server, 41 ... Meteorological data transmission unit

Claims (8)

It is an energy management system equipped with a solar power generation device, an energy management device, and a server.
The solar power generation device is
With solar panels
A power generation data transmission unit that transmits power generation data including an open circuit voltage value and a short-circuit current current value output by the solar panel.
Equipped with
The server
Equipped with a meteorological data transmission unit that transmits meteorological data
The energy management device is
A power generation data acquisition unit that acquires the power generation data transmitted by the solar power generation device, and
A meteorological data acquisition unit that acquires the meteorological data in the first region including the point where the solar panel is installed from the server, and a meteorological data acquisition unit.
A solar radiation amount calculation unit that calculates the solar radiation amount at the point where the solar panel is installed based on the current value and the correlation data between the current value and the solar radiation amount.
The surface temperature of the solar panel is calculated based on the voltage value and the correlation data between the voltage value and the surface temperature of the solar panel, and the solar panel is calculated based on the surface temperature and the amount of solar radiation. The surface temperature calculation unit that calculates the surface temperature of the point where the solar panel is installed by using the heat balance formula of the above and the heat balance formula of the ground surface where the solar panel is installed.
Based on the meteorological data of the first region, the amount of solar radiation, and the surface temperature, the meteorological data of the second region including the point where the solar panel is installed and narrower than the first region is estimated. Meteorological data estimation unit and
At least, the second region is based on the meteorological data of the second region estimated by the meteorological data estimation unit and the past power supply and demand history of the second region linked to the meteorological data. Local energy supply and demand plan generation unit that estimates the supply of renewable energy and generates a local energy supply and demand plan,
Energy management system with. In the energy management system according to claim 1,
At least, the supply amount of renewable energy in the first region is determined based on the meteorological data in the first region acquired by the meteorological data acquisition unit and the history of past power demand recorded in association with the weather. Wide area energy supply and demand estimation department to estimate and
A wide area energy supply and demand plan generation unit that generates a wide area energy supply and demand plan based on the supply amount of the renewable energy in the first region estimated by the wide area energy supply and demand estimation unit.
If the supply amount of the renewable energy estimated by the local energy supply and demand plan generation unit is equal to or less than a predetermined standard as compared with the supply amount of the renewable energy estimated by the wide area energy supply and demand estimation unit, the wide area energy supply and demand The operation plan correction unit that corrects the plan and the operation plan correction unit
Energy management system further equipped with. In the energy management system according to claim 2,
The local energy supply / demand plan generation unit generates the local energy supply / demand plan including the supply of electric power by the photovoltaic power generation device.
Energy management system. In the energy management system according to claim 1,
The power generation data acquisition unit issues a warning when the voltage value of the open circuit voltage output by the photovoltaic power generation device is lower than a predetermined value.
Energy management system. In the energy management system according to claim 1,
The solar power generation device is installed in a building,
Energy management system. In the energy management system according to claim 1,
The photovoltaic power generation device is a transmissive thin-film solar cell in which the solar panel is provided on at least one surface of a plurality of glasses constituting an airflow window.
Energy management system. A power generation data acquisition unit that acquires power generation data including the voltage value of the open circuit voltage and the current value of the short-circuit current, which is output by the solar panel of the photovoltaic power generation device.
A meteorological data acquisition unit that acquires meteorological data in the first region including the point where the solar panel is installed, and
A solar radiation amount calculation unit that calculates the solar radiation amount at the point where the solar panel is installed based on the current value and the correlation data between the current value and the solar radiation amount.
The surface temperature of the solar panel is calculated based on the voltage value and the correlation data between the voltage value and the surface temperature of the solar panel, and the solar panel is calculated based on the surface temperature and the amount of solar radiation. The surface temperature calculation unit that calculates the surface temperature of the point where the solar panel is installed by using the heat balance formula of the above and the heat balance formula of the ground surface where the solar panel is installed.
Based on the meteorological data of the first region, the amount of solar radiation, and the surface temperature, the meteorological data of the second region including the point where the solar panel is installed and narrower than the first region is estimated. Meteorological data estimation unit and
An energy supply and demand plan generation unit that generates an energy supply and demand plan based on the meteorological data estimated by the meteorological data estimation unit.
To prepare
Energy management device. A power generation data acquisition unit that acquires power generation data including the voltage value of the open circuit voltage and the current value of the short-circuit current, which is output by the solar panel of the photovoltaic power generation device.
A solar radiation amount calculation unit that calculates the solar radiation amount at the point where the solar panel is installed based on the current value and the correlation data between the current value and the solar radiation amount.
The surface temperature of the solar panel is calculated based on the voltage value and the correlation data between the voltage value and the surface temperature of the solar panel, and the solar panel is calculated based on the surface temperature and the amount of solar radiation. The surface temperature calculation unit that calculates the surface temperature of the point where the solar panel is installed by using the heat balance formula of the above and the heat balance formula of the ground surface where the solar panel is installed.
To prepare
Surface temperature estimation device.

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