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JP7115294B2 - battery device - Google Patents
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JP7115294B2 - battery device - Google Patents

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JP7115294B2
JP7115294B2 JP2018240436A JP2018240436A JP7115294B2 JP 7115294 B2 JP7115294 B2 JP 7115294B2 JP 2018240436 A JP2018240436 A JP 2018240436A JP 2018240436 A JP2018240436 A JP 2018240436A JP 7115294 B2 JP7115294 B2 JP 7115294B2
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resistance value
deterioration
charge
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secondary battery
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智樹 山根
紀和 安達
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Denso Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Description

本発明は、電池装置に関する。 The present invention relates to battery devices.

従来、二次電池を備える電池装置において、二次電池の電池容量を推定することが行われている。例えば、特許文献１には、二次電池の残存する電池容量に対応する充放電電圧Ｖに基づいて電圧推定ＳＯＣｖを求めるとともに、二次電池の充放電電流の積算値に基づき電流積算ＳＯＣｉを求め、二次電池の充放電電圧に対して電圧変化率に応じて電圧推定ＳＯＣｖ又は電流積算ＳＯＣｉで重み付けを行ってこれら重み付け結果を合成して二次電池の残存容量を推定する構成が開示されている。 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a battery device including a secondary battery, the battery capacity of the secondary battery is estimated. For example, in Patent Document 1, an estimated voltage SOCv is obtained based on the charge/discharge voltage V corresponding to the remaining battery capacity of the secondary battery, and an integrated current SOCi is obtained based on the integrated value of the charge/discharge current of the secondary battery. , the charge/discharge voltage of the secondary battery is weighted by the voltage estimation SOCv or the current integration SOCi according to the voltage change rate, and the weighted results are combined to estimate the remaining capacity of the secondary battery. there is

特許第５２８７８４４号公報Japanese Patent No. 5287844

しかしながら、特許文献１に開示の構成では、電圧のＳＯＣ依存性が小さい材料系からなる二次電池の場合には、充電状態に変化に対する電池電圧の変化の少ないため電圧推定ＳＯＣｖの精度が大きく低下する。また、二次電池の充放電を大電流で行う場合には内部抵抗が上昇しやすいため、この場合も電圧推定ＳＯＣｖの精度が低下する。これらの場合、結果的に二次電池の残存容量の推定精度が低下することとなる。よって、充電状態を精度よく推定するには改善の余地がある。 However, in the configuration disclosed in Patent Document 1, in the case of a secondary battery made of a material system in which the SOC dependence of the voltage is small, the accuracy of the voltage estimation SOCv is greatly reduced because the battery voltage changes little with respect to the change in the state of charge. do. In addition, when the secondary battery is charged and discharged with a large current, the internal resistance tends to increase, and in this case also the accuracy of the voltage estimation SOCv decreases. In these cases, the estimation accuracy of the remaining capacity of the secondary battery is reduced as a result. Therefore, there is room for improvement in accurately estimating the state of charge.

本発明は、かかる背景に鑑みてなされたもので、充電状態を精度よく検出することができる電池装置を提供しようとするものである。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of such a background, and an object thereof is to provide a battery device capable of accurately detecting the state of charge.

本発明の第１の態様は、リチウムイオン電池からなる二次電池（１０）と、
上記二次電池における充電抵抗値及び放電抵抗値を取得する抵抗値取得部（２０）と、
上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値及び上記放電抵抗値の一方、又は上記充電抵抗値と上記放電抵抗値とから導出される第１の関係値に基づいて、上記二次電池における劣化度を推定する劣化度推定部（３０）と、
上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値及び上記放電抵抗値の他方、又は上記充電抵抗値と上記放電抵抗値とから導出される第２の関係値と、上記劣化度推定部により推定された劣化度とに基づいて、上記二次電池の充電状態を推定する充電状態推定部（４０）と、
を有し、
上記劣化度推定部は、上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値及び上記放電抵抗値のうち、上記二次電池の充電状態が変化したときの変化量が小さい方に基づいて上記劣化度を推定し、
上記充電状態推定部は、上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値及び上記放電抵抗値のうち、上記変化量が小さくない方と上記劣化度とに基づいて、上記充電状態を推定する、電池装置（１）にある。
また、本発明の第２の態様は、リチウムイオン電池からなる二次電池（１０）と、
上記二次電池における充電抵抗値及び放電抵抗値を取得する抵抗値取得部（２０）と、
上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値及び上記放電抵抗値の一方、又は上記充電抵抗値と上記放電抵抗値とから導出される第１の関係値に基づいて、上記二次電池における劣化度を推定する劣化度推定部（３０）と、
上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値及び上記放電抵抗値の他方、又は上記充電抵抗値と上記放電抵抗値とから導出される第２の関係値と、上記劣化度推定部により推定された劣化度とに基づいて、上記二次電池の充電状態を推定する充電状態推定部（４０）と、
を有し、
上記劣化度推定部は、上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値に基づいて上記劣化度を推定し、
上記充電状態推定部は、上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記放電抵抗値と上記劣化度とに基づいて上記充電状態を推定する、電池装置（１）にある。
また、本発明の第３の態様は、リチウムイオン電池からなる二次電池（１０）と、
上記二次電池における充電抵抗値及び放電抵抗値を取得する抵抗値取得部（２０）と、
上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値及び上記放電抵抗値の一方、又は上記充電抵抗値と上記放電抵抗値とから導出される第１の関係値に基づいて、上記二次電池における劣化度を推定する劣化度推定部（３０）と、
上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値及び上記放電抵抗値の他方、又は上記充電抵抗値と上記放電抵抗値とから導出される第２の関係値と、上記劣化度推定部により推定された劣化度とに基づいて、上記二次電池の充電状態を推定する充電状態推定部（４０）と、
を有し、
上記劣化度推定部は、上記第１の関係値として上記充電抵抗値と上記放電抵抗値との和を算出して、上記第１の関係値に基づいて上記劣化度を推定し、
上記充電状態推定部は、上記第２の関係値として上記充電抵抗値と上記放電抵抗値との差を算出して、上記第２の関係値と上記劣化度とに基づいて上記充電状態を推定する、電池装置（１）にある。
また、本発明の第４の態様は、リチウムイオン電池からなる二次電池（１０）と、
上記二次電池における充電抵抗値及び放電抵抗値を取得する抵抗値取得部（２０）と、
上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値及び上記放電抵抗値の一方、又は上記充電抵抗値と上記放電抵抗値とから導出される第１の関係値に基づいて、上記二次電池における劣化度を推定する劣化度推定部（３０）と、
上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値及び上記放電抵抗値の他方、又は上記充電抵抗値と上記放電抵抗値とから導出される第２の関係値と、上記劣化度推定部により推定された劣化度とに基づいて、上記二次電池の充電状態を推定する充電状態推定部（４０）と、
を有し、
上記二次電池における正極活性物質及び負極活性物質のうち、一方は充放電反応において二相共存反応を呈する材料からなり、他方は充放電反応において二相共存反応を呈しない材料からなる、電池装置（１）にある。 A first aspect of the present invention provides a secondary battery (10) comprising a lithium ion battery,
a resistance value acquiring unit (20) for acquiring the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value of the secondary battery;
Based on one of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value obtained by the resistance value obtaining unit, or a first relationship value derived from the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value, in the secondary battery a deterioration degree estimator (30) for estimating the degree of deterioration;
A second relationship value derived from the other of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value obtained by the resistance value obtaining unit, or the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value, and the deterioration degree estimating unit estimating a state-of-charge estimating unit (40) for estimating the state of charge of the secondary battery based on the degree of deterioration;
has
The deterioration degree estimating unit determines the deterioration based on whichever of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value obtained by the resistance value obtaining unit has a smaller amount of change when the state of charge of the secondary battery changes. Estimate the degree,
The state-of-charge estimating unit estimates the state of charge based on the degree of deterioration and the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value acquired by the resistance value acquiring unit, whichever has the greater amount of change. , in the battery device (1).
A second aspect of the present invention is a secondary battery (10) made of a lithium ion battery,
a resistance value acquiring unit (20) for acquiring the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value of the secondary battery;
Based on one of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value obtained by the resistance value obtaining unit, or a first relationship value derived from the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value, in the secondary battery a deterioration degree estimator (30) for estimating the degree of deterioration;
A second relationship value derived from the other of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value obtained by the resistance value obtaining unit, or the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value, and the deterioration degree estimating unit estimating a state-of-charge estimating unit (40) for estimating the state of charge of the secondary battery based on the degree of deterioration;
has
The deterioration degree estimation unit estimates the deterioration degree based on the charging resistance value acquired by the resistance value acquisition unit,
The state-of-charge estimating unit is included in the battery device (1) for estimating the state of charge based on the discharge resistance value and the degree of deterioration acquired by the resistance value acquiring unit.
A third aspect of the present invention is a secondary battery (10) made of a lithium ion battery,
a resistance value acquiring unit (20) for acquiring the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value of the secondary battery;
Based on one of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value obtained by the resistance value obtaining unit, or a first relationship value derived from the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value, in the secondary battery a deterioration degree estimator (30) for estimating the degree of deterioration;
A second relationship value derived from the other of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value obtained by the resistance value obtaining unit, or the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value, and the deterioration degree estimating unit estimating a state-of-charge estimating unit (40) for estimating the state of charge of the secondary battery based on the degree of deterioration;
has
The deterioration degree estimating unit calculates the sum of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value as the first relationship value, estimates the deterioration degree based on the first relationship value,
The state-of-charge estimating unit calculates a difference between the charge resistance value and the discharge resistance value as the second relational value, and estimates the state of charge based on the second relational value and the degree of deterioration. in the battery device (1).
A fourth aspect of the present invention is a secondary battery (10) made of a lithium ion battery,
a resistance value acquiring unit (20) for acquiring the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value of the secondary battery;
Based on one of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value obtained by the resistance value obtaining unit, or a first relationship value derived from the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value, in the secondary battery a deterioration degree estimator (30) for estimating the degree of deterioration;
A second relationship value derived from the other of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value obtained by the resistance value obtaining unit, or the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value, and the deterioration degree estimating unit estimating a state-of-charge estimating unit (40) for estimating the state of charge of the secondary battery based on the degree of deterioration;
has
A battery device, wherein one of the positive electrode active substance and the negative electrode active substance in the secondary battery is made of a material that exhibits a two-phase coexistence reaction in charge-discharge reactions, and the other is made of a material that does not exhibit a two-phase coexistence reaction in charge-discharge reactions. (1).

上記電池装置において、充電抵抗値及び放電抵抗値の一方に基づいて劣化度を推定し、当該劣化度と充電抵抗値及び放電抵抗値の他方とに基づいて充電状態が推定される。リチウムイオン電池からなる二次電池では、充電抵抗値及び放電抵抗値はいずれも二次電池の劣化に伴って上昇する傾向にあるが、そのＳＯＣに対する依存性は互いに異なる傾向を示す。そのため、まず、充電抵抗値及び放電抵抗値の一方に基づいて二次電池の劣化度を推定し、この劣化度を用いて充電抵抗値及び放電抵抗値の他方から充電状態を推定することにより、二次電池の充電状態を劣化度を考慮して精度よく検出することができるという作用効果を奏する。また、劣化度の推定には充電抵抗値及び放電抵抗値の一方に替えて両者から導出される第１の関係値を用いるとともに、充電状態の推定には充電抵抗値及び放電抵抗値の他方に替えて両者から導出される第２の関係値を用いることにより、同様の作用効果を奏するようにすることができる。 In the battery device described above, the degree of deterioration is estimated based on one of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value, and the state of charge is estimated based on the deterioration degree and the other of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value. In a secondary battery made of a lithium ion battery, both the charge resistance value and the discharge resistance value tend to increase as the secondary battery deteriorates, but their dependence on SOC shows different tendencies. Therefore, first, the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery is estimated based on one of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value, and the state of charge is estimated from the other of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value using this deterioration degree. It is possible to accurately detect the state of charge of the secondary battery in consideration of the degree of deterioration. Further, in estimating the degree of deterioration, instead of one of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value, a first relational value derived from both is used, and in estimating the state of charge, the other of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value is used. By using the second relational value derived from both instead, it is possible to obtain the same effect.

以上のごとく、本発明によれば、充電状態を精度よく検出することができる電池装置を提供することができる。 As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a battery device that can accurately detect the state of charge.

なお、特許請求の範囲及び課題を解決する手段に記載した括弧内の符号は、後述する実施形態に記載の具体的手段との対応関係を示すものであり、本発明の技術的範囲を限定するものではない。 It should be noted that the symbols in parentheses described in the claims and the means for solving the problems indicate the corresponding relationship with the specific means described in the embodiments described later, and limit the technical scope of the present invention. not a thing

実施形態１における、電池装置の構成を示す概念図。1 is a conceptual diagram showing the configuration of a battery device according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施形態１における、電池装置の充電抵抗及び放電抵抗と充電状態との関係を示す概念図。4 is a conceptual diagram showing the relationship between the charge resistance and discharge resistance of the battery device and the state of charge in Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施形態１における、電池装置の充電抵抗と劣化度との関係を示す概念図。4 is a conceptual diagram showing the relationship between the charging resistance and the degree of deterioration of the battery device in Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施形態１における、電池装置の放電抵抗と充電状態との関係を示す概念図。4 is a conceptual diagram showing the relationship between the discharge resistance and the state of charge of the battery device in Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施形態１における、電池装置の積算電流と充電状態との関係を示す概念図。FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the relationship between the integrated current and the state of charge of the battery device according to the first embodiment; 実施形態１における、電池装置の制御態様を示すフロー図。4 is a flowchart showing a control mode of the battery device in Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施形態２における、電池装置の充電抵抗及び放電抵抗と充電状態との関係を示す概念図。6 is a conceptual diagram showing the relationship between the charge resistance and discharge resistance of the battery device and the state of charge in the second embodiment. FIG. 実施形態２における、電池装置の充電抵抗と充電状態の和と劣化度との関係を示す概念図。FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing the relationship between the sum of the charge resistance and the state of charge of the battery device and the degree of deterioration in the second embodiment. 実施形態２における、電池装置の充電抵抗と充電状態の差と劣化度との関係を示す概念図。FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing the relationship between the charge resistance of the battery device, the difference in the state of charge, and the degree of deterioration in the second embodiment. 実施形態２における、電池装置の制御態様を示すフロー図。FIG. 10 is a flow diagram showing a control mode of the battery device according to the second embodiment;

（実施形態１）
上記電池装置の実施形態について、図１～図６を用いて説明する。
本実施形態の電池装置１は、図１に示すように、二次電池１０、抵抗値取得部２０、劣化度推定部３０、充電状態推定部４０を備える。
二次電池１０は、リチウムイオン電池からなる。
抵抗値取得部２０は、二次電池１０における充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏを取得する。
劣化度推定部３０は、抵抗値取得部２０により取得された充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏの一方、又は充電抵抗値Ｒｉと放電抵抗値Ｒｏとから導出される第１の関係値Ｒｘに基づいて、二次電池１０における劣化度Ｄを推定する。
充電状態推定部４０は、抵抗値取得部２０により取得された充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏの他方、又は充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏとから導出される第２の関係値Ｒｙと、劣化度推定部３０により推定された劣化度Ｄとに基づいて、二次電池１０の充電状態（ＳＯＣ、State of charge）を推定する。 (Embodiment 1)
Embodiments of the battery device will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6. FIG.
The battery device 1 of the present embodiment includes a secondary battery 10, a resistance value acquiring unit 20, a deterioration degree estimating unit 30, and a state of charge estimating unit 40, as shown in FIG.
The secondary battery 10 consists of a lithium ion battery.
The resistance value acquiring unit 20 acquires the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro of the secondary battery 10 .
The deterioration degree estimating unit 30 determines one of the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro acquired by the resistance value acquiring unit 20, or a first relation value Rx derived from the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro. Based on this, the degree of deterioration D of the secondary battery 10 is estimated.
The state-of-charge estimating unit 40 determines the other of the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro acquired by the resistance value acquiring unit 20, or a second relation value Ry derived from the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro. , and the deterioration degree D estimated by the deterioration degree estimation unit 30, the state of charge (SOC) of the secondary battery 10 is estimated.

以下、本実施形態の電池装置１について、詳述する。
本実施形態では、電池装置１は車両の電源として利用される。図１に示すように、車両には、補助電源１４、スタータ１５、エアコン等の補機１３、発電機１２、各スイッチＳＷ１～ＳＷ３が搭載されている。補助電源１４は鉛バッテリーである。スタータ１５は、図示しないエンジンを始動するために設けられている。また、車両には、図示しないインバータと、三相交流モータとが搭載されている。本形態では、インバータを用いて、二次電池１０から供給される直流電力を交流電力に変換し、三相交流モータを駆動して車両を走行させている。 The battery device 1 of this embodiment will be described in detail below.
In this embodiment, the battery device 1 is used as a vehicle power source. As shown in FIG. 1, the vehicle is equipped with an auxiliary power supply 14, a starter 15, an auxiliary machine 13 such as an air conditioner, a generator 12, and switches SW1 to SW3. Auxiliary power source 14 is a lead battery. A starter 15 is provided to start an engine (not shown). The vehicle is also equipped with an inverter (not shown) and a three-phase AC motor. In this embodiment, the inverter is used to convert the DC power supplied from the secondary battery 10 into AC power, and the three-phase AC motor is driven to drive the vehicle.

電池装置１に備えられた二次電池１０は、リチウムイオン電池からなる。二次電池１０を構成するリチウムイオン電池は、正極活性物質及び負極活性物質のうち、一方は充放電反応において二相共存反応を呈する材料からなり、他方は充放電反応において二相共存反応を呈しない材料からなることが好ましい。二相共存反応を呈する正極形成材料としてはＬｉＭｅＰＯ４（ただし、Ｍｅは，Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ）などのオリビン系材料を例示することができ、二相共存反応を呈する負極形成材料としては、Ｌｉ４Ｔｉ５Ｏ１２などのチタン酸系材料を例示することができる。本実施形態では、二次電池１０は、正極形成材料としてＬｉＦｅＰＯ４を含むオリビン型化合物を有し、負極形成材料として黒鉛を有するオリビン系リチウムイオン電池である。かかる二次電池１０では、充放電曲線においてＳＯＣの広い範囲で平坦となるプラトー領域を有する。 A secondary battery 10 provided in the battery device 1 is a lithium ion battery. In the lithium ion battery that constitutes the secondary battery 10, one of the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material is made of a material that exhibits a two-phase coexistence reaction in the charge/discharge reaction, and the other exhibits a two-phase coexistence reaction in the charge/discharge reaction. It is preferably made of a material that does not As a positive electrode forming material exhibiting a two-phase coexistence reaction, olivine-based materials such as LiMePO 4 (where Me is Fe, Mn, Co, Ni) can be exemplified. , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , and other titanate-based materials. In this embodiment, the secondary battery 10 is an olivine-based lithium ion battery having an olivine-type compound containing LiFePO 4 as a positive electrode forming material and graphite as a negative electrode forming material. In such a secondary battery 10, the charge/discharge curve has a flat plateau region over a wide range of SOC.

図１に示すように、電池装置１は制御部１１を備える。制御部１１は車両に搭載された上位ＥＣＵ１６に接続されており、各スイッチＳＷ１～ＳＷ３のオンオフ動作を制御する。制御部１１は、充電時には第１スイッチＳＷ１をオンにして発電機１２から二次電池１０を充電し、放電時には第２スイッチＳＷ２及び第３スイッチＳＷ３をオンにして二次電池１０に蓄えられた電力を補助電源１４に移すことにより二次電池１０を放電する。これにより、制御部１１によって二次電池１０の充放電が制御される。なお、各スイッチＳＷ１、ＳＷ２は電圧変換が可能なＤＣＤＣコンバータでもよい。 As shown in FIG. 1 , the battery device 1 has a control section 11 . The control unit 11 is connected to a host ECU 16 mounted on the vehicle, and controls the on/off operations of the switches SW1 to SW3. The control unit 11 turns on the first switch SW1 during charging to charge the secondary battery 10 from the generator 12, and turns on the second switch SW2 and the third switch SW3 during discharging to store the secondary battery 10. The secondary battery 10 is discharged by transferring power to the auxiliary power supply 14 . Thereby, the charging and discharging of the secondary battery 10 is controlled by the controller 11 . Note that each of the switches SW1 and SW2 may be a DCDC converter capable of voltage conversion.

図１に示すように、制御部１１は抵抗値取得部２０を有する。抵抗値取得部２０は、二次電池１０の充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏを取得する。電池装置１は、図１に示すように、二次電池１０に印加される電流を検出する電流センサ２１と、電圧を検出する電圧センサ２２とを有する。抵抗値取得部２０は、電流センサ２１及び電圧センサ２２により検出された電流及び電圧に基づき、充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏを算出する。図２に示すように、充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏは二次電池１０の劣化度がＤ３、Ｄ２、Ｄ１と順に上がっていくのに伴って図２に破線及び実線で示すように上昇する傾向がある。そして、本実施形態では、充電抵抗値Ｒｉは放電抵抗値Ｒｏに比べてＳＯＣに対する依存性が低く、ＳＯＣが増加、減少しても充電抵抗値Ｒｉの変化が小さいか、あるいは充電抵抗値Ｒｉは変化していない。一方、放電抵抗値ＲｏはＳＯＣに対する依存性が高く、ＳＯＣが増加すると放電抵抗値Ｒｏは減少し、ＳＯＣが減少すると放電抵抗値Ｒｏは増加している。抵抗値取得部２０により取得された充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏは、図１に示す書き換え可能な不揮発性メモリからなる格納部８０に個別に格納される。 As shown in FIG. 1 , the control section 11 has a resistance acquisition section 20 . The resistance value acquiring unit 20 acquires the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro of the secondary battery 10 . The battery device 1 has, as shown in FIG. 1, a current sensor 21 that detects current applied to the secondary battery 10 and a voltage sensor 22 that detects voltage. The resistance value acquiring unit 20 calculates the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro based on the current and voltage detected by the current sensor 21 and the voltage sensor 22 . As shown in FIG. 2, the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro increase as indicated by the dashed line and the solid line in FIG. tend to In the present embodiment, the charge resistance value Ri is less dependent on the SOC than the discharge resistance value Ro, and the change in the charge resistance value Ri is small even if the SOC increases or decreases. not changed. On the other hand, the discharge resistance value Ro is highly dependent on the SOC. As the SOC increases, the discharge resistance value Ro decreases, and as the SOC decreases, the discharge resistance value Ro increases. The charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro obtained by the resistance value obtaining unit 20 are individually stored in the storage unit 80 made up of a rewritable nonvolatile memory shown in FIG.

本実施形態では、図１に示すように、電池装置１は二次電池１０の温度を取得する電池温度検出部として温度センサ２３を有する。温度センサ２３により取得された温度データは後述の制御部１１に送信され、格納部８０に個別に格納される。 In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 , the battery device 1 has a temperature sensor 23 as a battery temperature detector that acquires the temperature of the secondary battery 10 . The temperature data acquired by the temperature sensor 23 is transmitted to the control unit 11 described later and stored individually in the storage unit 80 .

図１に示すように、制御部１１は劣化度推定部３０を有する。劣化度推定部３０は、抵抗値取得部２０により取得された充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏの一方に基づいて、二次電池１０の劣化度Ｄを推定する。劣化度推定部３０は、電池装置１に備えられた電池ＥＣＵからなる制御部１１により実行されるプログラムからなる。本実施形態では、劣化度推定部３０は、充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏのうち、二次電池１０の充電状態（ＳＯＣ）が変化したときの変化量が小さい方である充電抵抗値Ｒｉに基づいて劣化度Ｄを推定する。すなわち、図２に示すように、二次電池１０の充電抵抗値ＲｉはＳＯＣに関わらず略一定であって、図３に示すように、充電抵抗値Ｒｉと劣化度Ｄとに比例関係が認められる。本実施形態では、劣化度Ｄは抵抗上昇率に相当する。 As shown in FIG. 1, the controller 11 has a deterioration degree estimator 30 . The deterioration degree estimation unit 30 estimates the deterioration degree D of the secondary battery 10 based on one of the charge resistance value Ri and the discharge resistance value Ro acquired by the resistance value acquisition unit 20 . The deterioration degree estimating unit 30 is a program executed by the control unit 11 which is a battery ECU provided in the battery device 1 . In the present embodiment, the deterioration degree estimator 30 determines the charge resistance value Ri, which has a smaller amount of change when the state of charge (SOC) of the secondary battery 10 changes, out of the charge resistance value Ri and the discharge resistance value Ro. The degree of deterioration D is estimated based on. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the charging resistance value Ri of the secondary battery 10 is substantially constant regardless of the SOC, and as shown in FIG. be done. In this embodiment, the degree of deterioration D corresponds to the resistance increase rate.

そして、電池装置１は、充電抵抗値Ｒｉと劣化度Ｄとの対応関係を示すマップ又は関係式等を予め記憶しておき、劣化度推定部３０はこれに基づいて充電抵抗値Ｒｉから劣化度Ｄを推定する。なお、充電抵抗値Ｒｉは二次電池１０の温度によっても変化するため、本実施形態では、充電抵抗値Ｒｉ、劣化度及び温度との対応関係を示すマップ又は関係式等を予め記憶している。当該マップ又は関係式等は、モデル電池の加速試験や理論モデルに基づいて、作成することができる。なお、電池装置１は書き換え可能な不揮発性メモリからなる記憶部７０を有しており、当該マップ又は関係式等は記憶部７０に予め記憶されている。 The battery device 1 stores in advance a map or a relational expression showing the correspondence relationship between the charging resistance value Ri and the deterioration degree D, and the deterioration degree estimating unit 30 calculates the deterioration degree from the charging resistance value Ri based on this. Estimate D. Since the charging resistance value Ri also changes depending on the temperature of the secondary battery 10, in the present embodiment, a map or a relational expression showing the correspondence relationship between the charging resistance value Ri, the degree of deterioration, and the temperature is stored in advance. . The map, relational expression, or the like can be created based on an accelerated test of a model battery or a theoretical model. Note that the battery device 1 has a storage unit 70 that is a rewritable nonvolatile memory, and the map, relational expression, or the like is stored in advance in the storage unit 70 .

図１に示す充電状態推定部４０は、抵抗値取得部２０により取得された充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏのうちの他方と、劣化度推定部３０により推定された劣化度Ｄとに基づいて、二次電池１０の充電状態を推定する。充電状態推定部４０は、電池装置１に備えられた電池ＥＣＵからなる制御部１１により実行されるプログラムからなる。本実施形態では、充電状態推定部４０は、充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏのうち変化量が小さくない方である放電抵抗値Ｒｏと劣化度Ｄとに基づいて、二次電池１０の充電状態を推定する。充電状態推定部４０における二次電池１０の充電状態の推定は、温度、劣化度及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏとの対応関係を示すマップや関係式等に基づいて行うことができる。 The state-of-charge estimating unit 40 shown in FIG. 1 is based on the other of the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro acquired by the resistance value acquiring unit 20 and the degree of deterioration D estimated by the degree of deterioration estimating unit 30. to estimate the state of charge of the secondary battery 10 . The state-of-charge estimator 40 is a program executed by the controller 11 , which is a battery ECU provided in the battery device 1 . In the present embodiment, the state-of-charge estimating unit 40 charges the secondary battery 10 based on the discharge resistance value Ro, which has a larger amount of change, out of the charge resistance value Ri and the discharge resistance value Ro, and the degree of deterioration D. Estimate the state. The state of charge of the secondary battery 10 can be estimated by the state of charge estimator 40 based on a map, a relational expression, or the like showing the correspondence between the temperature, the degree of deterioration, and the discharge resistance value Ro.

本実施形態では、電池温度ごとに劣化度Ｄ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏとの対応関係がマップとして記憶されている。そして、ＳＯＣの上昇に伴って放電抵抗値Ｒｏは小さくなる傾向がある。例えば、図４に示すように、充電状態推定部４０は電池温度Ｔ１において、劣化度推定部３０により推定された劣化度Ｄ１と、放電抵抗値Ｒｏとから二次電池１０の充電状態をＳＯＣ＿Ｄ１として推定する。なお、当該マップ又は関係式等は記憶部７０に予め記憶されている。また、充電状態推定部４０による推定結果は格納部８０に格納される。 In this embodiment, the correspondence relationship between the degree of deterioration D and the discharge resistance value Ro for each battery temperature is stored as a map. The discharge resistance value Ro tends to decrease as the SOC rises. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the state-of-charge estimating unit 40 sets the state of charge of the secondary battery 10 as SOC_D1 from the degree of deterioration D1 estimated by the degree-of-degrading estimating unit 30 and the discharge resistance value Ro at the battery temperature T1. presume. Note that the map, the relational expression, or the like is stored in the storage unit 70 in advance. Further, the estimation result obtained by the state of charge estimation unit 40 is stored in the storage unit 80 .

本実施形態では、図１に示すように、電池装置１は電流積算値取得部５０を有する。電流積算値取得部５０は、所定の充放電期間において二次電池１０に印加された積算電流を取得する。電流積算値取得部５０は、電池装置１に備えられた電池ＥＣＵからなる制御部１１により実行されるプログラムからなる。電流積算値取得部５０は、例えば、図５に示すように、二次電池１０のＳＯＣ４０％からＳＯＣ６０％まで充電を行った際の充放電期間Ｃ１における電流積算値Ｉを算出する。なお、電流積算値取得部５０により取得された積算電流は格納部８０に格納される。 In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 , the battery device 1 has a current integrated value acquisition section 50 . The integrated current value acquiring unit 50 acquires an integrated current applied to the secondary battery 10 during a predetermined charging/discharging period. The integrated current value acquisition unit 50 is a program executed by the control unit 11 that is a battery ECU provided in the battery device 1 . For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the integrated current value acquiring unit 50 calculates the integrated current value I in the charging/discharging period C1 when the secondary battery 10 is charged from SOC 40% to SOC 60%. Note that the integrated current acquired by the current integrated value acquisition unit 50 is stored in the storage unit 80 .

また、本実施形態では、図１に示すように、電池装置１は容量劣化率算出部６０を備える。容量劣化率算出部６０は、電流積算値取得部５０により取得された積算電流と、当該積算電流を取得した充放電期間Ｃ１における充電状態の変化量と、二次電池１０の初期満充電容量とから、二次電池１０の容量劣化率を算出する。容量劣化率算出部６０は、電池装置１に備えられた電池ＥＣＵからなる制御部１１により実行されるプログラムからなる。容量劣化率算出部６０は、充放電期間Ｃ１の開始時のＳＯＣ１と充放電期間Ｃ１の終了時のＳＯＣ１との差分と電流積算値Ｉとから、Ｉ／（｜ＳＯＣ２－ＳＯＣ１｜）の計算式から現在の満充電容量を算出し、初期の満充電容量に対する現在の満充電容量の割合を二次電池１０の容量劣化率として算出する。例えば、図５に示すように、充放電期間Ｃ１においてＳＯＣが４０％から６０％に増加するのに要した電流積算値Ｉが１Ａｈであれば、現在の満充電容量は、１Ａｈ／（６０％－４０％）＝５Ａｈと算出することができる。 Further, in the present embodiment, the battery device 1 includes a capacity deterioration rate calculator 60 as shown in FIG. The capacity deterioration rate calculation unit 60 calculates the integrated current acquired by the current integrated value acquisition unit 50, the amount of change in the state of charge during the charge/discharge period C1 during which the integrated current was acquired, and the initial full charge capacity of the secondary battery 10. , the capacity deterioration rate of the secondary battery 10 is calculated. The capacity deterioration rate calculation unit 60 is composed of a program executed by the control unit 11 composed of a battery ECU provided in the battery device 1 . The capacity deterioration rate calculator 60 calculates I/(|SOC2−SOC1|) from the difference between the SOC1 at the start of the charge/discharge period C1 and the SOC1 at the end of the charge/discharge period C1 and the integrated current value I. , and the ratio of the current full charge capacity to the initial full charge capacity is calculated as the capacity deterioration rate of the secondary battery 10 . For example, as shown in FIG. 5, if the current integrated value I required for the SOC to increase from 40% to 60% in the charge/discharge period C1 is 1 Ah, the current full charge capacity is 1 Ah/(60% −40%)=5 Ah.

次に、本実施形態の電池装置１における制御フローを図６を用いて説明する。
まず、図６に示すステップＳ１において、抵抗値取得部２０により二次電池１０の充電抵抗値Ｒｉを取得するとともに、温度センサ２３により二次電池１０の温度を取得し、取得した各情報を格納部８０に格納する。本実施形態では、充電抵抗値Ｒｉは放電抵抗値Ｒｏよりも、二次電池１０のＳＯＣが変化したときの変化量が小さい。抵抗値取得部２０による充電抵抗値Ｒｉの取得は、電池装置１が搭載された車両のアイドリングストップ時の回生時などに行うことができる。 Next, the control flow in the battery device 1 of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
First, in step S1 shown in FIG. 6, the resistance value acquiring unit 20 acquires the charging resistance value Ri of the secondary battery 10, the temperature sensor 23 acquires the temperature of the secondary battery 10, and the acquired information is stored. Stored in unit 80 . In this embodiment, the amount of change in the charge resistance value Ri when the SOC of the secondary battery 10 changes is smaller than the discharge resistance value Ro. Acquisition of the charging resistance value Ri by the resistance value acquisition unit 20 can be performed during regeneration during idling stop of the vehicle in which the battery device 1 is mounted.

そして、図６に示すステップＳ２において、劣化度推定部３０により、格納部８０に格納された充電抵抗値Ｒｉと温度とに基づいて劣化度Ｄを推定する。本実施形態では、劣化度推定部３０による劣化度Ｄの推定は、図３に示す予め記憶部７０に記憶された充電抵抗値Ｒｉと劣化度Ｄとの対応関係を示すマップに基づいて行う。劣化度推定部３０は推定結果としての劣化度Ｄを格納部８０に格納する。 Then, in step S<b>2 shown in FIG. 6 , the deterioration degree estimation unit 30 estimates the deterioration degree D based on the charging resistance value Ri and the temperature stored in the storage unit 80 . In the present embodiment, the deterioration degree D is estimated by the deterioration degree estimator 30 based on a map showing the correspondence relationship between the charging resistance value Ri and the deterioration degree D stored in advance in the storage unit 70 shown in FIG. The deterioration degree estimation unit 30 stores the deterioration degree D as the estimation result in the storage unit 80 .

その後、図６に示すステップＳ３において、抵抗値取得部２０により、二次電池１０の放電抵抗値Ｒｏ１を取得するとともに、温度センサ２３により二次電池１０の温度を取得し、取得した各情報を格納部８０に格納する。抵抗値取得部２０による二次電池１０の放電抵抗値Ｒｏ１の取得は、電池装置１が搭載された車両のエンジン始動時などに行うことができる。 Thereafter, in step S3 shown in FIG. 6, the resistance value acquiring unit 20 acquires the discharge resistance value Ro1 of the secondary battery 10, the temperature sensor 23 acquires the temperature of the secondary battery 10, and the acquired information is stored. Stored in the storage unit 80 . Acquisition of the discharge resistance value Ro1 of the secondary battery 10 by the resistance value acquisition unit 20 can be performed, for example, when the engine of the vehicle in which the battery device 1 is mounted is started.

そして、図６に示すステップＳ４において、充電状態推定部４０により格納部８０に格納された放電抵抗値Ｒｏ１、温度及び劣化度Ｄに基づいて二次電池１０のＳＯＣ１を推定する。本実施形態では、充電状態推定部４０によるＳＯＣ１の推定は、図４に示す予め記憶部７０に記憶された放電抵抗値Ｒｏ１、ＳＯＣ１及び劣化度Ｄ１の対応関係を示すマップに基づいて行う。充電状態推定部４０は推定結果としてのＳＯＣ１を格納部８０に格納する。 Then, in step S4 shown in FIG. 6, the SOC1 of the secondary battery 10 is estimated based on the discharge resistance value Ro1, the temperature, and the degree of deterioration D stored in the storage unit 80 by the state-of-charge estimation unit 40. FIG. In this embodiment, the SOC1 is estimated by the state-of-charge estimator 40 based on a map showing the correspondence relationship between the discharge resistance value Ro1, the SOC1 and the degree of deterioration D1 shown in FIG. State of charge estimation unit 40 stores SOC1 as an estimation result in storage unit 80 .

次に、図６に示すステップＳ５において、電流積算値取得部５０により、二次電池１０における電流積算値Ｉの取得を開始する。電流積算値取得部５０は取得した電流積算値Ｉを格納部８０に格納する。 Next, in step S<b>5 shown in FIG. 6 , acquisition of the current integrated value I in the secondary battery 10 is started by the current integrated value acquisition unit 50 . The integrated current value acquisition unit 50 stores the acquired integrated current value I in the storage unit 80 .

所定期間経過後、図６に示すステップＳ６において、抵抗値取得部２０により二次電池１０の放電抵抗値Ｒｏ２を取得するとともに、温度センサ２３により二次電池１０の温度を取得し、取得した各情報を格納部８０に格納する。 After a predetermined period of time has passed, in step S6 shown in FIG. Information is stored in the storage unit 80 .

図６に示すステップＳ７において、充電状態推定部４０により格納部８０に格納された放電抵抗値Ｒｏ２、温度及び劣化度Ｄ１に基づいて二次電池１０のＳＯＣ１を推定する。本実施形態では、充電状態推定部４０によるＳＯＣ２の推定は、図４に示す予め記憶部７０に記憶された放電抵抗値Ｒｏ２、ＳＯＣ２及び劣化度Ｄ１の対応関係を示すマップに基づいて行う。 In step S7 shown in FIG. 6, the SOC1 of the secondary battery 10 is estimated based on the discharge resistance value Ro2, the temperature, and the degree of deterioration D1 stored in the storage unit 80 by the state-of-charge estimation unit 40. FIG. In this embodiment, the SOC2 is estimated by the state-of-charge estimator 40 based on a map showing the correspondence relationship between the discharge resistance value Ro2, the SOC2, and the degree of deterioration D1 shown in FIG.

その後、図６に示すステップＳ８において、電流積算値取得部５０による電流値の積算を終了し、容量劣化率算出部６０により、ＳＯＣ１からＳＯＣ２への変化量と電流積算値とから初期の満充電容量に対する現在の満充電容量の低下率、すなわち容量劣化率を算出する。その後、当該制御フローを終了する。 Thereafter, in step S8 shown in FIG. 6, the integration of the current value by the current integrated value acquisition unit 50 is finished, and the capacity deterioration rate calculation unit 60 calculates the initial full charge from the amount of change from SOC1 to SOC2 and the current integrated value. A decrease rate of the current full charge capacity with respect to the capacity, that is, a capacity deterioration rate is calculated. After that, the control flow ends.

次に、本実施形態の電池装置１における作用効果について、詳述する。
本実施形態の電池装置１では、充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏの一方に基づいて劣化度Ｄを推定し、当該劣化度Ｄと充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏの他方とに基づいて充電状態ＳＯＣが推定される。二次電池１０における充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏは、いずれも二次電池１０の劣化に伴って上昇する傾向にあるが、そのＳＯＣに対する依存性は互いに異なる傾向を示す。そのため、まず、充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏの一方に基づいて二次電池１０の劣化度Ｄを推定し、この劣化度Ｄを用いて充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏの他方から充電状態ＳＯＣを推定することにより、二次電池１０のＳＯＣを、劣化度Ｄを考慮して簡易且つ精度よく検出することができるという作用効果を奏する。なお、本実施形態の電池装置１では、劣化度Ｄの推定を放電抵抗値Ｒｏに基づいて行い、ＳＯＣの推定を当該劣化度Ｄと充電抵抗値Ｒｉとに基づいて行うこととしてもよい。 Next, the effects of the battery device 1 of this embodiment will be described in detail.
In the battery device 1 of the present embodiment, the deterioration degree D is estimated based on one of the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro, and based on the deterioration degree D and the other of the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro A state of charge SOC is estimated. Both the charge resistance value Ri and the discharge resistance value Ro of the secondary battery 10 tend to increase as the secondary battery 10 deteriorates, but their dependence on the SOC shows different tendencies. Therefore, first, the deterioration degree D of the secondary battery 10 is estimated based on one of the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro, and the deterioration degree D is used to charge the other of the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro. By estimating the state SOC, it is possible to easily and accurately detect the SOC of the secondary battery 10 in consideration of the degree of deterioration D. In the battery device 1 of the present embodiment, the degree of deterioration D may be estimated based on the discharge resistance value Ro, and the SOC may be estimated based on the degree of deterioration D and the charge resistance value Ri.

本実施形態では、劣化度推定部３０は、抵抗値取得部２０により取得された充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏのうち、二次電池１０のＳＯＣが変化したときの変化量が小さい方に基づいて劣化度Ｄを推定する。そして、充電状態推定部４０は、抵抗値取得部２０により取得された充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏのうち、上記変化量が小さくない方と劣化度Ｄとに基づいてＳＯＣを推定する。これにより、より精度よく二次電池１０のＳＯＣを推定することができる。 In the present embodiment, the deterioration degree estimating unit 30 selects the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro acquired by the resistance value acquisition unit 20, whichever has a smaller amount of change when the SOC of the secondary battery 10 changes. The degree of deterioration D is estimated based on this. Then, the state-of-charge estimating unit 40 estimates the SOC based on the degree of deterioration D and whichever of the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro acquired by the resistance value acquisition unit 20 has the greater amount of change. As a result, the SOC of secondary battery 10 can be estimated more accurately.

本実施形態では、劣化度推定部３０は、抵抗値取得部２０により取得された充電抵抗値Ｒｉに基づいて劣化度Ｄを推定する。そして、充電状態推定部４０は、抵抗値取得部２０により取得された放電抵抗値Ｒｏ１と劣化度Ｄとに基づいてＳＯＣを推定する。これにより、より精度よく二次電池１０のＳＯＣを推定することができる。 In this embodiment, the deterioration degree estimation unit 30 estimates the deterioration degree D based on the charging resistance value Ri acquired by the resistance value acquisition unit 20 . Then, the state-of-charge estimation unit 40 estimates the SOC based on the discharge resistance value Ro1 and the degree of deterioration D acquired by the resistance value acquisition unit 20 . As a result, the SOC of secondary battery 10 can be estimated more accurately.

本実施形態では、二次電池１０における正極活性物質及び負極活性物質のうち、一方は充放電反応において二相共存反応を呈する材料からなり、他方は充放電反応において二相共存反応を呈しない材料からなるように構成されている。これにより、二次電池１０の充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏの一方において、二次電池１０のＳＯＣが変化したときの変化量が小さくなるため、当該変化量の小さい方の抵抗値を用いて劣化度Ｄを推定することにより、より精度よく二次電池１０のＳＯＣを推定することができる。 In the present embodiment, one of the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material in the secondary battery 10 is made of a material that exhibits a two-phase coexistence reaction in the charge/discharge reaction, and the other is a material that does not exhibit a two-phase coexistence reaction in the charge/discharge reaction. It is configured to consist of As a result, the amount of change in one of the charge resistance value Ri and the discharge resistance value Ro of the secondary battery 10 becomes small when the SOC of the secondary battery 10 changes, so the resistance value with the smaller change amount is used. The SOC of the secondary battery 10 can be estimated more accurately by estimating the degree of deterioration D using the .

本実施形態では、所定の充放電期間Ｃ１において二次電池１０に印加された積算電流を取得する電流積算値取得部５０を備え、電流積算値取得部５０により取得された積算電流と、積算電流を取得した充放電期間Ｃ１における充電状態の変化量と、二次電池１０の初期満充電容量とから、二次電池１０の容量劣化率を算出する容量劣化率算出部６０とを備える。これにより、二次電池１０容量劣化率を簡易且つ精度よく算出することができる。 In the present embodiment, a current integrated value acquisition unit 50 that acquires the integrated current applied to the secondary battery 10 during a predetermined charge/discharge period C1 is provided. and a capacity deterioration rate calculation unit 60 for calculating the capacity deterioration rate of the secondary battery 10 from the obtained amount of change in the state of charge during the charge/discharge period C1 and the initial full charge capacity of the secondary battery 10 . This makes it possible to easily and accurately calculate the capacity deterioration rate of the secondary battery 10 .

以上のごとく、本実施形態によれば、充電状態を簡易且つ精度よく検出することができる電池装置１を提供することができる。 As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to provide the battery device 1 that can detect the state of charge easily and accurately.

（実施形態２）
本実施形態の電池装置１では、図７に示すように、二次電池１０における充電抵抗値Ｒｉは、実施形態１の場合に比べて、ＳＯＣ依存性が高くなっており、ＳＯＣが増加すると充電抵抗値Ｒｉも増加し、ＳＯＣが減少すると充電抵抗値Ｒｉも減少している。なお、放電抵抗値Ｒｏは実施形態１の場合と同様となっている。 (Embodiment 2)
In the battery device 1 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the charging resistance value Ri in the secondary battery 10 is more dependent on the SOC than in the case of the first embodiment. The resistance value Ri also increases, and when the SOC decreases, the charging resistance value Ri also decreases. Note that the discharge resistance value Ro is the same as in the case of the first embodiment.

そして、実施形態１の電池装置１では、劣化度Ｄの推定には充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏの一方を用い、ＳＯＣの推定には充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏの他方を用いることとしたが、実施形態２の電池装置１では、劣化度Ｄの推定には充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏの一方に替えて両者から導出される第１の関係値Ｒｘを用いるとともに、ＳＯＣの推定には充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏの他方に替えて両者から導出される第２の関係値Ｒｙを用いる。 In the battery device 1 of Embodiment 1, one of the charge resistance value Ri and the discharge resistance value Ro is used to estimate the degree of deterioration D, and the other of the charge resistance value Ri and the discharge resistance value Ro is used to estimate the SOC. However, in the battery device 1 of Embodiment 2, instead of one of the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro, the first relational value Rx derived from both is used for estimating the degree of deterioration D. In estimating the SOC, instead of the other of the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro, a second relational value Ry derived from both is used.

そして、実施形態２では、劣化度推定部３０は、第１の関係値Ｒｘとして充電抵抗値Ｒｉと放電抵抗値Ｒｏとの和を算出して、第１の関係値Ｒｘに基づいて劣化度Ｄを推定し、充電状態推定部４０は、第２の関係値Ｒｙとして充電抵抗値Ｒｉと放電抵抗値Ｒｏとの差を算出して、第２の関係値Ｒｙと劣化度Ｄとに基づいて二次電池１０のＳＯＣを推定する。なお、第１の関係値Ｒｘ及び第２の関係値Ｒｙを算出するにあたって、充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び／又は放電抵抗値Ｒｏに所定の係数を掛けることとしてもよい。 In the second embodiment, the deterioration degree estimator 30 calculates the sum of the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro as the first relational value Rx, and calculates the deterioration degree D based on the first relational value Rx. , the state-of-charge estimating unit 40 calculates the difference between the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro as the second relational value Ry, and calculates two values based on the second relational value Ry and the degree of deterioration D The SOC of the next battery 10 is estimated. Incidentally, in calculating the first relationship value Rx and the second relationship value Ry, the charge resistance value Ri and/or the discharge resistance value Ro may be multiplied by a predetermined coefficient.

また、本実施形態では、記憶部７０に、図８に示すように、予め温度と、充電抵抗値Ｒｉと放電抵抗値Ｒｏとの和の値と、二次電池１０における劣化度Ｄとの対応関係を示すマップが記憶されている。さらに、記憶部７０に、図９に示すように、予め温度と、充電抵抗値Ｒｉと放電抵抗値Ｒｏとの差の値と、二次電池１０における劣化度Ｄと、ＳＯＣとの対応関係を示すマップが記憶されている。これらのマップは、モデル電池に用いた加速試験により作成したり、論理モデルを用いて作成したりすることができる。なお、本実施形態において、その他の構成要素は実施形態１の場合と同様であり、実施形態１と同等の構成要素には同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。 Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, the correspondence between the temperature, the sum of the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro, and the degree of deterioration D of the secondary battery 10 is stored in the storage unit 70 in advance. A map showing the relationships is stored. Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the storage unit 70 stores in advance the correspondence relationship between the temperature, the difference between the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro, the degree of deterioration D of the secondary battery 10, and the SOC. A map showing is stored. These maps can be generated by accelerated tests used on model batteries or by using theoretical models. In addition, in the present embodiment, other constituent elements are the same as those in the first embodiment, and constituent elements equivalent to those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted.

本実施形態の電池装置１における制御フローを図１０を用いて説明する。
まず、図１０に示すステップＳ１０１において、抵抗値取得部２０により、二次電池１０の充電抵抗値Ｒｉ１及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏ１を取得するとともに二次電池１０の温度を取得し、取得した各情報を格納部８０に格納する。 A control flow in the battery device 1 of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 10 .
First, in step S101 shown in FIG. 10, the resistance value acquiring unit 20 acquires the charging resistance value Ri1 and the discharging resistance value Ro1 of the secondary battery 10, acquires the temperature of the secondary battery 10, and stores the acquired information. Stored in the storage unit 80 .

次に、図１０に示すステップＳ１０２において、劣化度推定部３０により劣化度Ｄが推定される。本実施形態における劣化度Ｄの推定にあたって、抵抗値取得部２０により取得された充電抵抗値Ｒｉ１と放電抵抗値Ｒｏ１との和を算出する。そして、当該和、温度及び劣化度Ｄとの対応関係を示すマップに基づいて劣化度Ｄを推定し、格納部８０に格納する。 Next, in step S102 shown in FIG. 10, the deterioration degree D is estimated by the deterioration degree estimator 30. FIG. In estimating the degree of deterioration D in this embodiment, the sum of the charging resistance value Ri1 and the discharging resistance value Ro1 obtained by the resistance value obtaining unit 20 is calculated. Then, the deterioration degree D is estimated based on the map showing the corresponding relationship between the sum, the temperature, and the deterioration degree D, and is stored in the storage unit 80 .

その後、図１０に示すステップＳ１０３において、充電状態推定部４０により、抵抗値取得部２０により取得された充電抵抗値Ｒｉ１と放電抵抗値Ｒｏ１との差を算出する。そして、当該差、温度、劣化度Ｄ及びＳＯＣとの対応関係を示すマップに基づいてＳＯＣ１を推定し、格納部８０に格納する。 After that, in step S103 shown in FIG. 10, the state-of-charge estimating unit 40 calculates the difference between the charging resistance value Ri1 and the discharging resistance value Ro1 acquired by the resistance value acquisition unit 20 . Then, SOC1 is estimated based on a map showing the correspondence relationship between the difference, temperature, degree of deterioration D, and SOC, and stored in storage unit 80 .

そして、図１０に示すステップＳ１０４において、電流積算値取得部５０により、二次電池１０における電流積算値Ｉの取得を開始する。電流積算値取得部５０は取得した電流積算値Ｉを格納部８０に格納する。 Then, in step S<b>104 shown in FIG. 10 , the integrated current value acquiring unit 50 starts acquiring the integrated current value I in the secondary battery 10 . The integrated current value acquisition unit 50 stores the acquired integrated current value I in the storage unit 80 .

次に、図１０に示すステップＳ１０５において、抵抗値取得部２０により、二次電池１０の充電抵抗値Ｒｉ２及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏ２を取得するとともに二次電池１０の温度を取得し、取得した各情報を格納部８０に格納する。 Next, in step S105 shown in FIG. 10, the resistance value acquisition unit 20 acquires the charge resistance value Ri2 and the discharge resistance value Ro2 of the secondary battery 10, acquires the temperature of the secondary battery 10, and obtains each information is stored in the storage unit 80 .

次に、図１０に示すステップＳ１０６において、劣化度推定部３０により劣化度Ｄが推定される。本実施形態における劣化度Ｄの推定にあたって、抵抗値取得部２０により取得された充電抵抗値Ｒｉ１と放電抵抗値Ｒｏ１との和Ｒｘを算出する。そして、当該和Ｒｘ、温度及び劣化度Ｄとの対応関係を示すマップに基づいて劣化度Ｄを推定し、格納部８０に格納する。 Next, in step S106 shown in FIG. 10, the deterioration degree D is estimated by the deterioration degree estimator 30. FIG. In estimating the degree of deterioration D in this embodiment, the sum Rx of the charging resistance value Ri1 and the discharging resistance value Ro1 obtained by the resistance value obtaining unit 20 is calculated. Then, the degree of deterioration D is estimated based on the sum Rx, the map indicating the correspondence between the temperature and the degree of deterioration D, and stored in the storage unit 80 .

その後、図１０に示すステップＳ１０７において、充電状態推定部により、抵抗値取得部２０により取得された充電抵抗値Ｒｉ２と放電抵抗値Ｒｏ２との差Ｒｙを算出する。そして、当該差Ｒｙ、温度、劣化度Ｄ及びＳＯＣとの対応関係を示すマップに基づいてＳＯＣ２を推定し、格納部８０に格納する。 After that, in step S107 shown in FIG. 10, the state-of-charge estimating unit calculates the difference Ry between the charging resistance value Ri2 and the discharging resistance value Ro2 acquired by the resistance value acquisition unit 20 . Then, SOC2 is estimated based on the map showing the correspondence between the difference Ry, the temperature, the degree of deterioration D, and the SOC, and is stored in the storage unit 80 .

その後、図１０に示すステップＳ１０８において、実施形態１のステップＳ８と同様に、電流積算値取得部５０による電流値の積算を終了し、容量劣化率算出部６０により、ＳＯＣ１からＳＯＣ２への変化量と電流積算値とから初期の満充電容量に対する現在の満充電容量の低下率、すなわち容量劣化率を算出する。その後、当該制御フローを終了する。 After that, in step S108 shown in FIG. 10, as in step S8 of the first embodiment, the integration of the current value by the current integrated value acquisition unit 50 is finished, and the capacity deterioration rate calculation unit 60 determines the amount of change from SOC1 to SOC2. and the current integrated value, the rate of decrease of the current full charge capacity with respect to the initial full charge capacity, that is, the capacity deterioration rate is calculated. After that, the control flow ends.

本実施形態の電池装置１では、劣化度推定部３０は、第１の関係値Ｒｘとして充電抵抗値Ｒｉと放電抵抗値Ｒｏとの和を算出して、第１の関係値Ｒｘに基づいて劣化度Ｄを推定する。さらに、充電状態推定部４０は、第２の関係値Ｒｙとして充電抵抗値Ｒｉと放電抵抗値Ｒｏとの差を算出して、第２の関係値Ｒｙと劣化度Ｄとに基づいて二次電池１０のＳＯＣを推定する。充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏの両者が抵抗値の変化に対してＳＯＣの変化が小さくない場合であっても、劣化に伴って充電抵抗値Ｒｉ及び放電抵抗値Ｒｏはともに大きくなるとともにＳＯＣの上昇に伴って充電抵抗値Ｒｉは高くなる一方で放電抵抗値Ｒｏは小さくなる傾向には変わりがない。従って、両者のＳＯＣ依存性が互いに異なるため、第１の関係値Ｒｘを両者の和とするとともに第２の関係値Ｒｙを両者の差として上述のように用いることにより、より簡易且つ精度よく二次電池１０の充電状態を推定することができる。 In the battery device 1 of the present embodiment, the deterioration degree estimating unit 30 calculates the sum of the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro as the first relational value Rx, and determines the degree of deterioration based on the first relational value Rx. Estimate the degree D. Further, the state-of-charge estimating unit 40 calculates the difference between the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro as the second relational value Ry, and based on the second relational value Ry and the degree of deterioration D, the secondary battery Assume an SOC of 10. Even if the SOC changes are not small with respect to changes in the resistance values of both the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro, both the charging resistance value Ri and the discharging resistance value Ro increase with deterioration and the SOC increases. With an increase in , the charging resistance value Ri increases while the discharging resistance value Ro tends to decrease. Therefore, since the SOC dependencies of both are different from each other, by using the first relational value Rx as the sum of the two and the second relational value Ry as the difference between the two as described above, it is possible to obtain the two more easily and accurately. The state of charge of the secondary battery 10 can be estimated.

本発明は上記各実施形態に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の実施形態に適用することが可能である。 The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and can be applied to various embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention.

１ 電池装置
１０ 二次電池
２０ 抵抗値取得部
３０ 劣化度推定部
４０ 充電状態推定部
５０ 電流積算値取得部
６０ 容量劣化率算出部 Reference Signs List 1 battery device 10 secondary battery 20 resistance value acquisition unit 30 deterioration degree estimation unit 40 state of charge estimation unit 50 integrated current value acquisition unit 60 capacity deterioration rate calculation unit

Claims (7)

リチウムイオン電池からなる二次電池（１０）と、
上記二次電池における充電抵抗値及び放電抵抗値を取得する抵抗値取得部（２０）と、
上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値及び上記放電抵抗値の一方、又は上記充電抵抗値と上記放電抵抗値とから導出される第１の関係値に基づいて、上記二次電池における劣化度を推定する劣化度推定部（３０）と、
上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値及び上記放電抵抗値の他方、又は上記充電抵抗値と上記放電抵抗値とから導出される第２の関係値と、上記劣化度推定部により推定された劣化度とに基づいて、上記二次電池の充電状態を推定する充電状態推定部（４０）と、
を有し、
上記劣化度推定部は、上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値及び上記放電抵抗値のうち、上記二次電池の充電状態が変化したときの変化量が小さい方に基づいて上記劣化度を推定し、
上記充電状態推定部は、上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値及び上記放電抵抗値のうち、上記変化量が小さくない方と上記劣化度とに基づいて、上記充電状態を推定する、電池装置（１）。 a secondary battery (10) made of a lithium ion battery;
a resistance value acquiring unit (20) for acquiring the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value of the secondary battery;
Based on one of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value obtained by the resistance value obtaining unit, or a first relationship value derived from the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value, in the secondary battery a deterioration degree estimator (30) for estimating the degree of deterioration;
A second relationship value derived from the other of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value obtained by the resistance value obtaining unit, or the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value, and the deterioration degree estimating unit estimating a state-of-charge estimating unit (40) for estimating the state of charge of the secondary battery based on the degree of deterioration;
has
The deterioration degree estimating unit determines the deterioration based on whichever of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value obtained by the resistance value obtaining unit has a smaller amount of change when the state of charge of the secondary battery changes. Estimate the degree,
The state-of-charge estimating unit estimates the state of charge based on the degree of deterioration and the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value acquired by the resistance value acquiring unit, whichever has the greater amount of change. , battery device (1). リチウムイオン電池からなる二次電池（１０）と、
上記二次電池における充電抵抗値及び放電抵抗値を取得する抵抗値取得部（２０）と、
上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値及び上記放電抵抗値の一方、又は上記充電抵抗値と上記放電抵抗値とから導出される第１の関係値に基づいて、上記二次電池における劣化度を推定する劣化度推定部（３０）と、
上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値及び上記放電抵抗値の他方、又は上記充電抵抗値と上記放電抵抗値とから導出される第２の関係値と、上記劣化度推定部により推定された劣化度とに基づいて、上記二次電池の充電状態を推定する充電状態推定部（４０）と、
を有し、
上記劣化度推定部は、上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値に基づいて上記劣化度を推定し、
上記充電状態推定部は、上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記放電抵抗値と上記劣化度とに基づいて上記充電状態を推定する、電池装置（１）。 a secondary battery (10) made of a lithium ion battery;
a resistance value acquiring unit (20) for acquiring the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value of the secondary battery;
Based on one of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value obtained by the resistance value obtaining unit, or a first relationship value derived from the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value, in the secondary battery a deterioration degree estimator (30) for estimating the degree of deterioration;
A second relationship value derived from the other of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value obtained by the resistance value obtaining unit, or the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value, and the deterioration degree estimating unit estimating a state-of-charge estimating unit (40) for estimating the state of charge of the secondary battery based on the degree of deterioration;
has
The deterioration degree estimation unit estimates the deterioration degree based on the charging resistance value acquired by the resistance value acquisition unit,
The battery device (1) , wherein the state-of-charge estimating unit estimates the state of charge based on the discharge resistance value and the degree of deterioration acquired by the resistance value acquiring unit . 上記劣化度推定部は、上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値及び上記放電抵抗値のうち、上記二次電池の充電状態が変化したときの変化量が小さい方に基づいて上記劣化度を推定し、
上記充電状態推定部は、上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値及び上記放電抵抗値のうち、上記変化量が小さくない方と上記劣化度とに基づいて、上記充電状態を推定する、請求項２に記載の電池装置。 The deterioration degree estimating unit determines the deterioration based on whichever of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value obtained by the resistance value obtaining unit has a smaller amount of change when the state of charge of the secondary battery changes. Estimate the degree,
The state-of-charge estimating unit estimates the state of charge based on the degree of deterioration and the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value acquired by the resistance value acquiring unit, whichever has the greater amount of change. 3. The battery device according to claim 2 . リチウムイオン電池からなる二次電池（１０）と、
上記二次電池における充電抵抗値及び放電抵抗値を取得する抵抗値取得部（２０）と、
上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値及び上記放電抵抗値の一方、又は上記充電抵抗値と上記放電抵抗値とから導出される第１の関係値に基づいて、上記二次電池における劣化度を推定する劣化度推定部（３０）と、
上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値及び上記放電抵抗値の他方、又は上記充電抵抗値と上記放電抵抗値とから導出される第２の関係値と、上記劣化度推定部により推定された劣化度とに基づいて、上記二次電池の充電状態を推定する充電状態推定部（４０）と、
を有し、
上記劣化度推定部は、上記第１の関係値として上記充電抵抗値と上記放電抵抗値との和を算出して、上記第１の関係値に基づいて上記劣化度を推定し、
上記充電状態推定部は、上記第２の関係値として上記充電抵抗値と上記放電抵抗値との差を算出して、上記第２の関係値と上記劣化度とに基づいて上記充電状態を推定する、電池装置（１）。 a secondary battery (10) made of a lithium ion battery;
a resistance value acquiring unit (20) for acquiring the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value of the secondary battery;
Based on one of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value obtained by the resistance value obtaining unit, or a first relationship value derived from the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value, in the secondary battery a deterioration degree estimator (30) for estimating the degree of deterioration;
A second relationship value derived from the other of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value obtained by the resistance value obtaining unit, or the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value, and the deterioration degree estimating unit estimating a state-of-charge estimating unit (40) for estimating the state of charge of the secondary battery based on the degree of deterioration;
has
The deterioration degree estimating unit calculates the sum of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value as the first relationship value, estimates the deterioration degree based on the first relationship value,
The state-of-charge estimating unit calculates a difference between the charge resistance value and the discharge resistance value as the second relational value, and estimates the state of charge based on the second relational value and the degree of deterioration. the battery device (1) . 上記二次電池における正極活性物質及び負極活性物質のうち、一方は充放電反応において二相共存反応を呈する材料からなり、他方は充放電反応において二相共存反応を呈しない材料からなる、請求項１～４のいずれか一項に記載の電池装置。 One of the positive electrode active substance and the negative electrode active substance in the secondary battery is made of a material that exhibits a two-phase coexistence reaction in charge/discharge reactions, and the other is made of a material that does not exhibit a two-phase coexistence reaction in charge/discharge reactions. 5. The battery device according to any one of 1 to 4. リチウムイオン電池からなる二次電池（１０）と、
上記二次電池における充電抵抗値及び放電抵抗値を取得する抵抗値取得部（２０）と、
上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値及び上記放電抵抗値の一方、又は上記充電抵抗値と上記放電抵抗値とから導出される第１の関係値に基づいて、上記二次電池における劣化度を推定する劣化度推定部（３０）と、
上記抵抗値取得部により取得された上記充電抵抗値及び上記放電抵抗値の他方、又は上記充電抵抗値と上記放電抵抗値とから導出される第２の関係値と、上記劣化度推定部により推定された劣化度とに基づいて、上記二次電池の充電状態を推定する充電状態推定部（４０）と、
を有し、
上記二次電池における正極活性物質及び負極活性物質のうち、一方は充放電反応において二相共存反応を呈する材料からなり、他方は充放電反応において二相共存反応を呈しない材料からなる、電池装置（１）。 a secondary battery (10) made of a lithium ion battery;
a resistance value acquiring unit (20) for acquiring the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value of the secondary battery;
Based on one of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value obtained by the resistance value obtaining unit, or a first relationship value derived from the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value, in the secondary battery a deterioration degree estimator (30) for estimating the degree of deterioration;
A second relationship value derived from the other of the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value obtained by the resistance value obtaining unit, or the charging resistance value and the discharging resistance value, and the deterioration degree estimating unit estimating a state-of-charge estimating unit (40) for estimating the state of charge of the secondary battery based on the degree of deterioration;
has
A battery device, wherein one of the positive electrode active substance and the negative electrode active substance in the secondary battery is made of a material that exhibits a two-phase coexistence reaction in charge-discharge reactions, and the other is made of a material that does not exhibit a two-phase coexistence reaction in charge-discharge reactions. (1) . 所定の充放電期間において上記二次電池に印加された積算電流を取得する電流積算値取得部（５０）と、
上記電流積算値取得部により取得された積算電流と、上記積算電流を取得した期間における充電状態の変化量と、上記二次電池の初期満充電容量とから、上記二次電池の容量劣化率を算出する容量劣化率算出部（６０）と、
を備える請求項１～６のいずれか一項に記載の電池装置。 a current integrated value acquisition unit (50) for acquiring an integrated current applied to the secondary battery during a predetermined charging/discharging period;
The capacity deterioration rate of the secondary battery is calculated from the integrated current acquired by the current integrated value acquisition unit, the amount of change in the state of charge during the period in which the integrated current was acquired, and the initial full charge capacity of the secondary battery. a capacity deterioration rate calculating unit (60) for calculating;
The battery device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , comprising:
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