JP7202766B2 - 微小孔構造の絶縁体によって強化された真空絶縁物品 - Google Patents
微小孔構造の絶縁体によって強化された真空絶縁物品 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 49
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J41/00—Thermally-insulated vessels, e.g. flasks, jugs, jars
- A47J41/0038—Thermally-insulated vessels, e.g. flasks, jugs, jars comprising additional heating or cooling means, i.e. use of thermal energy in addition to stored material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J41/00—Thermally-insulated vessels, e.g. flasks, jugs, jars
- A47J41/02—Vacuum-jacket vessels, e.g. vacuum bottles
- A47J41/022—Constructional details of the elements forming vacuum space
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/28—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer comprising a deformed thin sheet, i.e. the layer having its entire thickness deformed out of the plane, e.g. corrugated, crumpled
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
- F16L59/065—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum using vacuum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
- F16L59/07—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum the air layer being enclosed by one or more layers of insulation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/105—Ceramic fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
- B32B2264/102—Oxide or hydroxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/304—Insulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
Description
本出願は、(2016年11月15日に出願された)米国仮特許出願第62/422,196号「Enhanced Vacuum-Insulated Articles With Microporous Insulation」の利益および優先権を主張しており、この出願の全体は、任意のおよび全ての目的のために本明細書において参照によりここに組み込まれている。
この出願の発明に関連する先行技術文献情報としては、以下のものがある(国際出願日以降国際段階で引用された文献及び他国に国内移行した際に引用された文献を含む)。
(先行技術文献)
(特許文献)
(特許文献1) 米国特許出願公開第2005/0211711号明細書
(特許文献2) 米国特許出願公開第2013/0105496号明細書
(特許文献3) 米国特許出願公開第2012/0175007号明細書
(特許文献4) 米国特許第6,145,547号明細書
図2を参照すると、本発明による気体分子を誘導する幾何学形状を取り入れる構造体22が示されている。構造体10と同様に、構造体22は、環状の真空空間28を間に画定する内側管24および外側管26を含む。構造体22は、図1の構造体10の通気孔18と、角度を成す部分20の構造と同様の、対向する端部における通気孔30、32と、外側管26の角度を成す部分34、36とを含む。
図4を参照すると、装置60の外側の領域を絶縁するために、本発明による気体分子を誘導する幾何学形状を取り入れる冷却装置60が示されている。冷却装置60は、気体が膨張する際に温度が下がるジュール=トムソン効果を利用して冷却される。第1および第2の同軸に配置された管64および66は、それらの間に環状の気体入口68を画定する。管64は、管66に向かって収束する角度を成す部分70を含む。管64、66の収束する壁の一部は、管64の端部に隣接して流れ制御リストリクタまたはディフューザ72を形成する。
図1~図7の絶縁構造体の各々は環状の絶縁真空空間を含む。しかしながら環状の真空空間は、本発明の必要条件ではなく、これは幅広い種類の構造上の構成における潜在的な利用を有する。図8を参照すると、例えば実質的に矩形の内部貯蔵仕切り122を有する真空絶縁貯蔵容器120が示されている。仕切り122は、例えば絶縁されるべき空間の境界を画定する壁124など実質的に平面の壁を含む。絶縁空間128は、壁124と、壁124から接近して離間される第2の壁126との間に画定される。接近して離間された壁(図示せず)は、仕切り122を画定する残りの壁に隣接して含まれることで容器の壁に隣接して絶縁空間を形成する。絶縁空間は、別々に密閉することができる、あるいは互いに接続される場合もある。図1~図7の絶縁構造体と同様のやり方で、気体分子を出口通気孔に向かって誘導するために、絶縁空間128の収束する壁の一部(連続する場合)、または複数の絶縁空間の複数の収束する壁の一部(別々に密閉される場合)が設けられる。しかしながら絶縁貯蔵容器120において、絶縁空間128の収束する壁の一部は環状ではない。
本発明は、図1~図8に示される絶縁構造体に取り入れられる収束する幾何学形状に限定されるものではない。図9を参照すると、本発明による気体分子を誘導する幾何学形状の代替の形態を取り入れるデュアー瓶130が示されている。デュアー瓶130は、円筒形のネック134に接続された丸みがつけられた底部132を含む。デュアー瓶130は、デュアー瓶のための内部138を画定する内壁136を含む。外壁140は、特定の距離だけ内壁136から離間されて、底部132およびネック134を囲むように延在する絶縁空間142をそれらの間に画定する。通気孔144が底部132の外壁140の中に配置され、絶縁空間142と連通することで空間142の排気中に気体分子のための出口経路を提供する。
一例として、銅の伝導特性は低温においてとりわけ優れているため、ユーザは、装置の作動が比較的低温である用途において伝導性の部分に対する材料として銅を選択してよい。熱経路は選択的であり、伝導性の部分1022はしたがって選択的であり、必ずしも存在する必要はないことを理解されたい。存在する場合、熱経路は、内壁と外壁との間の絶縁空間の熱伝導率より小さい熱伝導率、例えば内壁と外壁との間に配置され得る真空、絶縁またはその両方のものを超える熱伝導率を有することが適切である。
本発明は、極低温で作動する装置から高温装置まで広範な範囲の熱に関する装置内に絶縁層を設けるための用途を有する。非制限的なリストの例には、熱交換器、流動するまたは静止状態の極低温材料、流動するまたは静止状態の適温材料、温度が維持された材料、流動する気体および温度が制御されたプロセスに関する絶縁体が含まれる。
以下の実施形態は、単なる一例であり、本開示または添付の特許請求の範囲の範囲を限定するものではない。
Claims (11)
- 絶縁物品であって、
内部容積の境界を画定する第1の壁と、
前記第1の壁から所定の距離だけ離間して配置され、前記第1の壁との間に絶縁空間を画定する第2の壁と、
前記絶縁空間と連通して前記絶縁空間からの気体分子のための出口経路を形成する通気孔と、
前記第1の壁と前記第2の壁との間の前記絶縁空間内に配置された所定量の絶縁材料と
を有し、
前記通気孔は、当該通気孔を通して気体分子を排気した後、前記絶縁空間内で真空を維持するために密閉可能であり、
前記第1の壁と前記第2の壁との間の距離は前記通気孔に隣接する前記絶縁空間の一部分において可変であり、それにより、前記絶縁空間内の気体分子が前記絶縁空間の排気中に前記第1および第2の壁の可変距離部分によって前記通気孔に向かって導かれるものであり、
前記第1および第2の壁の前記可変距離部分によって前記気体分子が導かれることにより、前記気体分子が前記絶縁空間に侵入するよりも前記絶縁空間から排気される確率がより大きくなるものであり、
前記所定量の絶縁材料は、約70%~約90%容量の空隙を有し、その内部に複数の孔が画成されているものであり、
前記複数の孔の寸法は、前記複数の孔の大部分が標準大気圧における空気分子の平均自由行程と同等または当該平均自由行程より小さい寸法を有するように構成されており、
前記所定量の絶縁材料は、約5nm~約25nmの範囲の断面寸法を有する凝縮シリカ繊維若しくは粒子、または凝縮アルミナ繊維若しくは粒子、または凝縮シリカ繊維および粒子、または凝縮アルミナ繊維および粒子を有するものである、
絶縁物品。 - 請求項1記載の絶縁物品において、前記第1および第2の壁の一方は、前記通気孔に隣接してもう一方の壁に向かって収束する部分を含み、前記壁同士の前記距離は、前記通気孔が前記絶縁空間と連通する位置に隣接して最小である、絶縁物品。
- 請求項1または2記載の絶縁物品において、前記一方の壁の前記収束する部分は、関連する管の一端部に隣接して配置される、絶縁物品。
- 請求項1記載の絶縁物品において、前記収束する部分を含む前記壁は、前記管のうちの外側の管によって提供されるものである、絶縁物品。
- 請求項1記載の絶縁物品において、さらに、
前記壁のうち前記一方の壁の表面に設けられたコーティングを有し、前記コーティングは、当該コーティングが設けられた前記一方の壁の放射率より低い放射率を有する材料によって形成されるものである、絶縁物品。 - 請求項1記載の絶縁物品において、前記所定量の絶縁材料は多孔質材料を有し、当該多孔質材料は複数の孔を有するものであり、当該孔の大部分は約70nmまたは約70nmよりも小さい寸法を有するものである、絶縁物品。
- 請求項1記載の絶縁物品において、前記所定量の絶縁材料は、約0.002W/m*K~約0.01W/m*Kの熱伝導率を有するものである、絶縁物品。
- 絶縁物品であって、
内部容積の境界を画定する第1の管と、
前記第1の管から所定の距離だけ離間して配置され、前記第1の管との間に絶縁空間を画定する第2の管と、
前記絶縁空間と連通して前記絶縁空間からの気体分子のための出口経路を形成する通気孔と、
を有し、
前記通気孔は、当該通気孔を通して気体分子を排気した後、前記絶縁空間内で真空を維持するために密閉可能であり、
前記第1の管と前記第2の管との間の距離は前記通気孔に隣接する前記絶縁空間の一部において可変であり、それにより、前記絶縁空間内の気体分子が前記絶縁空間の排気中に前記第1および第2の管の可変距離部分によって前記通気孔に向かって導かれるものであり、
前記第1および第2の管の前記可変距離部分によって前記気体分子が導かれることにより、前記気体分子が前記絶縁空間に侵入するよりも前記絶縁空間から排気される確率がより大きくなるものであり、
当該絶縁物品は、さらに、
前記第1の管と前記第2の管との間の前記絶縁空間内に配置された所定量の絶縁材料を有し、
前記所定量の絶縁材料は、約70%~約90%容量の空隙を有し、その内部に複数の孔が画成されているものであり、
前記複数の孔の寸法は、前記複数の孔の大部分が標準大気圧における空気分子の平均自由行程と同等または当該平均自由行程より小さい寸法を有するように構成されており、
前記所定量の絶縁材料は、約5nm~約25nmの範囲の断面寸法を有する凝縮シリカ繊維若しくは粒子、または凝縮アルミナ繊維若しくは粒子、または凝縮シリカ繊維および粒子、または凝縮アルミナ繊維および粒子を有するものである、
絶縁物品。 - 請求項8記載の絶縁物品において、前記所定量の絶縁材料は多孔質材料を含むものである、絶縁物品。
- 請求項8記載の絶縁物品において、前記所定量の絶縁材料は、約0.002W/m*K~約0.1W/m*Kの熱伝導率を有するものである、絶縁物品。
- 請求項1記載の絶縁物品において、前記絶縁空間の圧力は約10-4トルより低いものである、絶縁物品。
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| PCT/US2017/061558 WO2018093781A1 (en) | 2016-11-15 | 2017-11-14 | Enhanced vacuum-insulated articles with microporous insulation |
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| KR20200010162A (ko) | 2020-01-30 |
| US20190338883A1 (en) | 2019-11-07 |
| WO2018093781A1 (en) | 2018-05-24 |
| US10823326B2 (en) | 2020-11-03 |
| CN110770489B (zh) | 2022-03-01 |
| MX2019005662A (es) | 2019-11-21 |
| CA3043915A1 (en) | 2018-05-24 |
| JP2020502461A (ja) | 2020-01-23 |
| CN110770489A (zh) | 2020-02-07 |
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