JP7217815B2 - electromagnetic brake - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an electromagnetic brake used, for example, in an elevator hoist.

In recent years, there has been a demand for elevator hoisting machines to be smaller in size and to save space in the hoistway. An electromagnetic brake is an example of a brake that is a braking device. An electromagnetic brake consists of an armature as a movable part, a field as a fixed part, an electromagnetic coil for attracting or braking the armature, and a spring for pressing a braking surface against the armature. An electromagnetic coil is provided in the field, the field being composed of an inner pole surrounded by the electromagnetic coil and an outer pole outside the coil. As a structure of an electromagnetic brake, a structure in which a field faces an armature is known (for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2013-148125 A

The electromagnetic brake configured as described above has a guide pin that guides the movement of the armature in the outer pole portion. Since this guide pin also has a function of receiving torque generated on the braking surface of the electromagnetic brake, strength is required. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare a guide pin having a size corresponding to the strength required to receive the torque. However, when such a guide pin exists, it is necessary to widen the width of the outer pole portion in accordance with the size of the guide pin in order to secure the cross-sectional area of the magnetic path. Similarly, when the guide pin is arranged in the inner pole portion, it is necessary to widen the width of the inner pole portion according to the size of the guide pin. Therefore, there is a problem that it is difficult to miniaturize the electromagnetic brake.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a compact electromagnetic brake by simplifying the arrangement of components of the electromagnetic brake.

In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, an electromagnetic brake according to the present invention comprises an electromagnetic coil, an armature having a shoe attached to one surface thereof for contacting and separating from the braking surface, and the other surface of the armature. a field provided facing each other, a guide pin formed in either the field or the armature to guide the reciprocating motion of the armature, and a direction in which the armature moves away from the field and is located on the guide pin when the electromagnetic coil is not energized. and an elastic member that moves to the

According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the size of the electromagnetic brake while securing the cross-sectional area of the magnetic path by simplifying the arrangement of the components of the electromagnetic brake. Also, since the guide pin hole and the spring hole can be shared, it is possible to reduce the processing cost of the electromagnetic brake.

1 is a cross-sectional view of an electromagnetic brake according to Embodiment 1; FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the electromagnetic brake of Embodiment 1 during braking; FIG. 1 is a front view of a field of an electromagnetic brake according to Embodiment 1; FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an elevator hoist equipped with an electromagnetic brake according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an electromagnetic brake according to Embodiment 2; FIG. FIG. 10 is a front view of the field of the electromagnetic brake of Embodiment 2; FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an electromagnetic brake according to Embodiment 3; FIG. 11 is a front view of a field of an electromagnetic brake according to Embodiment 3; FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a modification of the electromagnetic brake of Embodiment 1;

Electromagnetic brakes according to embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, taking an elevator hoisting machine electromagnetic brake as an example. In each figure, the same reference numerals are given to the same or corresponding parts. Duplicate descriptions are simplified or omitted as appropriate. In addition, this invention is not limited by the following embodiment.

Embodiment 1.
An electromagnetic brake according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. FIG.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an electromagnetic brake according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the braking of the electromagnetic brake, FIG. 3 is a front view of the field of the electromagnetic brake, and FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an elevator hoist; FIG.

An electromagnetic brake 100 according to Embodiment 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. FIG. The electromagnetic brake 100 of Embodiment 1 includes an armature 11 which is a movable part that can reciprocate in a direction in which a shoe 12 attached to one surface is brought into contact with and separates from the braking surface, and a surface of the armature 11 opposite to the braking surface. and a field 13 provided opposite to. Electromagnetic brake 100 further comprises electromagnetic coil 14 , guide pin 15 and spring 16 . Electromagnetic coil 14 , guide pin 15 and spring 16 are provided in field 13 of electromagnetic brake 100 .

Each configuration in field 13 will be described in detail. The electromagnetic coil 14 has a function of attracting the armature 11 toward the field 13 by an electromagnetic force generated by energization. As shown in FIG. 3, the electromagnetic coil 14 is provided in a circular shape so as to surround the guide pin 15 in the field 13 when viewed from the armature 11 side to the field 13 side.

The guide pin 15 has a function of guiding the movement of the armature 11, which is a movable part, when it reciprocates. The guide pin 15 is provided with an axis extending in a direction parallel to the direction in which the armature 11 reciprocates (hereinafter referred to as an axial direction). The armature 11 is displaced in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the guide pin 15 (hereinafter referred to as a braking direction) due to the frictional force applied to the shoe 12 when the electromagnetic brake 100 brakes. It has a role of restraining the armature 11 from being displaced in the braking direction when the brake 100 is applied.

The field 13 is formed with a pair of storage portions 13a for storing the guide pins 15. As shown in FIG. The shape of the storage portion 13a is formed corresponding to the shape of the guide pin 15 so that the guide pin 15 can be accommodated therein. The guide pin 15 may be housed in the housing portion 13a, and may not be fixed to the housing portion 13a. As shown in FIG. 1 , the guide pin 15 may be housed in the housing portion 13 a and protrude from the field 13 . The inside of the electromagnetic coil 14 in the field 13 (center side in the radial direction) is called an inner pole portion, and the storage portion 13a is provided in the inner pole portion. Further, the guide pin 15 has a cylindrical shape having a hollow structure, and a spring 16 is housed in the hollow portion.

A spring 16 is provided so as to always apply an elastic force to the armature 11 in a direction away from the field 13 . That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the spring 16 is protruding from the hollow structure of the guide pin 15 . Although the spring 16 is used in Embodiment 1, any elastic member having the same function as the spring 16 may be used, and rubber may be used instead of the spring.

Although the guide pin 15 is arranged in the storage portion 13a on the field 13 side and arranged in the storage portion 13a on the field side, it may be arranged in the storage portion on the armature 11 side. Although the electromagnetic brake 100 of Embodiment 1 has a structure in which two guide pins 15 and two springs 16 are arranged, each may have one or three or more. Also, the numbers of guide pins 15 and springs 16 do not have to match. If two or more guide pins 15 are arranged, it is preferable because the reciprocating motion of the armature 11 can be more easily restrained in the axial direction.

Next, the armature 11 will be explained. The armature 11 is formed with a guide hole 11a into which the guide pin 15 is inserted. The armature 11 is provided to operate with the guide pin 15 inserted into the guide hole 11a. In other words, when the armature 11 operates and the shoe 12 presses against the braking surface, the guide pin 15 guides the movement of the armature 11 in the axial direction of the guide pin 15 while being inserted into the guide hole 11a. Further, the tip of the guide pin 15 on the armature side is arranged so as to maintain the state of being inserted into the guide hole 11a. The guide pin 15 also functions as a torque receiving portion that receives torque received by the armature 11 via the shoe 12 when the electromagnetic brake 100 is applied. That is, in the electromagnetic brake 100 of Embodiment 1, the guide pin 15 can suppress the armature 11 from being displaced in the braking direction, so the shoe 12 can uniformly press the braking surface.

The guide hole 11 a can be formed by directly processing the armature 11 . The diameter of the guide hole 11 a is slightly larger than the diameter of the guide pin 15 . The inner diameter of the guide hole 11a should be such that the armature 11 can be axially constrained by the guide pin 15 and the guide pin 15 can operate smoothly. Further, in order to suppress displacement of the armature 11 in the braking direction and improve the braking performance of the electromagnetic brake 100, a member such as a bush may be used between the guide pin 15 and the guide hole 11a to fill the gap.

In the electromagnetic brake 100 of the first embodiment, when the electromagnetic coil 14 is deenergized, the electromagnetic force generated in the electromagnetic coil 14 disappears, and the elastic force of the spring 16 moves the armature 11 away from the field 13. Moving. As a result, the shoe 12 presses against the braking surface and the electromagnetic brake 100 exerts braking force. When the electromagnetic coil 14 is energized, the armature 11 is attracted to the field 13 by the electromagnetic force generated in the electromagnetic coil 14, the armature 11 moves away from the braking surface against the elastic force of the spring 16, and the electromagnetic brake 100 is in the braking state. release.

According to the electromagnetic brake 100 of Embodiment 1, the spring 16 is accommodated in the space formed by the guide pin inner wall 15a of the guide pin 15 having a hollow shape. As shown in FIG. 2, the spring 16 protrudes from the guide pin when the electromagnetic coil 14 is not energized and the armature 11 is not attracted toward the field 13 side. That is, by housing the spring 16 in the guide pin 15, the arrangement of the components in the electromagnetic brake 100 is simplified. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the size of the electromagnetic brake 100 while ensuring the cross-sectional area of the magnetic path. Further, the storage portion 13a on the field 13 side for storing the guide pin 15 can be shared with the spring storage portion for storing the spring 16. As shown in FIG. Therefore, in the electromagnetic brake 100 of Embodiment 1, it is not necessary to provide a storage portion for both the guide pin 15 and the spring 16, and the processing cost can be reduced.

Further, in the electromagnetic brake 100 configured as described above, since the guide pin 15 is cylindrical, it is possible to uniformly receive braking torque from all directions on a plane including the braking direction generated on the braking surface. Moreover, if it is a cylindrical shape, it is easy to perform processing work when manufacturing the guide pin. Although the guide pin 15 has a cylindrical shape in Embodiment 1, it is not limited to such a shape. The guide pin 15 can have a spring 16 placed inside a hollow structure, guides the movement of the armature 11, and has an outer diameter shape that can receive torque during braking by an electromagnetic brake. may be formed in the shape of Further, the guide pin 15 does not have to have a penetrating structure such as a cylindrical shape as long as it can be stored in the storage portion 13a and the spring 16 can be arranged. Note that the tubular shape includes not only the case where the guide pin has one hollow structure, but also the structure where the guide pin has a plurality of hollow structures. If the guide pin has multiple hollow structures, a spring may be arranged in each of the multiple hollow structures. In addition, when an armature-side storage portion is provided and a guide pin is arranged in the storage portion, the spring 16 is provided so as to always apply an elastic force to the field 13 . In this case, in the electromagnetic brake 100 of Embodiment 1, when the energization of the electromagnetic coil 14 is cut off, the electromagnetic force generated in the electromagnetic coil 14 disappears, and the elastic force applied to the field 13 by the spring 16 is reduced. The force causes armature 11 to move away from field 13 . As a result, the shoe 12 presses against the braking surface and the electromagnetic brake 100 exerts braking force. When the electromagnetic coil 14 is energized, the armature 11 is attracted to the field 13 by the electromagnetic force generated in the electromagnetic coil 14, the armature 11 moves away from the braking surface against the elastic force of the spring 16, and the electromagnetic brake 100 is in the braking state. release. The configuration in which the guide pin is housed in the armature as described above can be similarly applied to other embodiments below.

The electromagnetic brake 100 of Embodiment 1 further includes a switch 17. As shown in FIG. The switch 17 comprises a base portion 17a and a contact portion 17b. The base portion 17a is provided on the side surface of the field 13, and the base portion 17a is provided with the contact portion 17b. A switch 17 determines braking of the electromagnetic brake 100 . FIG. 2 shows the state of the electromagnetic brake during braking. In this case, the armature 11 and the switch 17 are separated from each other, and the switch 17 is in an electrically non-contact state. On the other hand, when the electromagnetic brake 100 is in a non-braking state as shown in FIG. 1, the armature 11 is attracted to the field 13 side by electromagnetic attraction, the armature 11 pushes the switch 17, and the switch 17 is in an electrically contact state, that is, energized. state. Thus, the switch 17 can determine braking of the electromagnetic brake 100 .

The switch 17 is pushed according to the amount of movement of the armature 11 when the armature 11 is drawn toward the field 13 by energizing the electromagnetic coil 14 . The switch 17 determines braking of the electromagnetic brake 100 according to the amount of pushing into the armature 11 . In the electromagnetic brake 100 of the first embodiment, the movement of the armature 11 is restrained in the axial direction by the guide pin 15, so that the inclination of the armature 11 with respect to the field 13 is suppressed. As a result, the switch 17 can normally determine braking of the electromagnetic brake 100 .

When the armature 11 is drawn toward the field 13, if the armature 11 is not restrained in the axial direction and is tilted with respect to the field 13, the amount by which the switch 17 is pushed becomes smaller according to the amount of movement of the armature 11. Otherwise, the armature 11 will be in a state where the switch 17 is not pushed. Then, even though the armature 11 has moved in the axial direction, the switch 17 is not properly pushed according to the movement of the armature 11, and the switch 17 cannot normally determine braking of the electromagnetic brake 100.例文帳に追加

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing an elevator hoist 500 using the electromagnetic brake 100 of the first embodiment. An elevator hoisting machine 500 includes a sheave 51 around which a main rope (not shown) used in the elevator is wound, a rotor 52 and a stator 53 that constitute a motor for rotating the sheave 51, and a rotor 52 that rotates. It is composed of a plurality of electromagnetic brakes 100 for braking the rotation of the sheave 51 by braking, and a housing 55 in which the electromagnetic brakes 100, the stator 53 and the rotor 52 via the bearings 54 are arranged.

The operation of the electromagnetic brake 100 of the elevator hoisting machine 500 will be described. The electromagnetic brake 100 of the first embodiment cuts off the energization of the electromagnetic coil 14 to release the force that draws the armature 11 toward the field 13 side, and moves the armature 11 away from the field 13 by the elastic force of the spring 16. By pressing the shoe 12 against the rotating rotor 52, a braking force is exerted by a frictional force, and the rotation of the sheave 51 is braked. On the other hand, by starting to energize the electromagnetic coil 14 in the electromagnetic brake 100 in the braking state, the armature 11 is pulled toward the field 13 side against the elastic force of the spring 16, and the shoe 12 is moved away from the rotor 52. By moving the pulley 51, the braking state of the rotation of the sheave 51 is released.

As described above, the electromagnetic brake 100 of Embodiment 1 simplifies the arrangement of components by housing the spring 16 in the guide pin 15 . Therefore, it is possible to reduce the size of the electromagnetic brake 100 while ensuring the cross-sectional area of the magnetic path. Therefore, in the elevator hoisting machine 500 having the electromagnetic brake 100 of Embodiment 1, the downsizing of the electromagnetic brake 100 enables the downsizing of the elevator hoisting machine 500 as well.

Embodiment 2.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an electromagnetic brake according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a front view of a field in an electromagnetic brake according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The electromagnetic brake of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. FIG. Duplicate descriptions of components common to the first embodiment will be omitted.

In the electromagnetic brake 200 of the second embodiment, the accommodating portion 21 a for the guide pin 25 is provided in the armature 21 and the guide pin 25 is accommodated in the accommodating portion 21 a of the armature 21 . Further, the guide hole 23a is provided in the field 23 at a position facing the storage portion 21a, and the guide pin 25 is inserted into the guide hole 23a. The function of the guide pin 25 is the same as that of the guide pin of the first embodiment. Further, the guide pin 25 has a hollow cylindrical shape, and the point that the spring 26 is housed in the hollow portion is the same as in the first embodiment.

In the electromagnetic brake 200 of the second embodiment, two guide holes 23a are provided in the outer pole portion of the electromagnetic coil 24, and guide pins 25 are inserted into the guide holes 23a.

The storage portion 21a on the side of the armature 21 for storing the guide pin 25 can be shared with the spring storage portion for storing the spring 26. As shown in FIG. This simplifies the arrangement of components in the electromagnetic brake 200 . Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a storage portion for both the guide pin 25 and the spring 26, and it is possible to downsize the electromagnetic brake 200 while ensuring the cross-sectional area of the magnetic path, and to reduce the processing cost. .

Since the guide hole 23a is provided in the outer pole portion of the electromagnetic coil 24, the circumference of the coil can be shortened. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the cost of the electromagnetic coil and reduce the required voltage.

Embodiment 3.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing an electromagnetic brake according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a front view of a field in an electromagnetic brake according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. The electromagnetic brake of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. FIG. Duplicate descriptions of components common to the first and second embodiments will be omitted.

One guide pin 35 is provided in the electromagnetic brake 300 of the third embodiment. The field 33 is provided with a storage portion 33a for storing the guide pin 35, and the guide pin 35 is arranged in the storage portion 33a. The housing portion 33 a is provided in the inner pole portion of the electromagnetic coil 34 . Further, the armature 31 is provided with one guide hole 31a at a position facing the storage portion 33a, and a guide pin 35 is inserted into the guide hole 31a.

As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the guide pin 35 is cylindrical with a hollow structure. The guide pin 35 has four cylindrical hollow structures, and the hollow structure is formed by an inner wall 35a. The cylindrical hollow structures are provided evenly in the circumferential direction. A spring 36 is housed in each hollow portion of the guide pin 35 . Therefore, the spring 36 can evenly apply elastic force to the armature 31 .

By storing the spring 36 in the hollow portion of the guide pin 35, there is no need to separately provide a spring storing portion for storing the spring 36. - 特許庁In this way, the arrangement of components in the electromagnetic brake 300 is simplified. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a storage portion for both the guide pin 35 and the spring 36, and it is possible to downsize the electromagnetic brake 300 while ensuring the cross-sectional area of the magnetic path, and to reduce the processing cost. .

In the electromagnetic brakes of the first to third embodiments, the armature is drawn toward the field side by energizing the electromagnetic coil. You can let it run. In this case, for example, a magnet 18 is provided in the armature 11 as shown in the modification of the first embodiment of FIG. It can be operated to the braking surface side. In other words, the magnet 18 , which is the repelling means, moves the armature 11 away from the field 13 . That is, when the electromagnetic coil 14 is not energized, the elastic force with which the spring 16 attracts the armature 11 overcomes the repulsive force of the magnet, so the armature 11 is attracted toward the field 13 side. When energized, the repulsive force of the magnet overcomes the elastic force of the spring 16 exerted on the armature 11 side, so that the armature 11 repels against the braking surface and the shoe 12 is pressed against the braking surface, thereby operating the electromagnetic brake 100. do. Although not shown, in Embodiments 2 and 3, a modification is possible in which the armature 11 is provided with the magnet 18 and operated in the same manner as described above. Moreover, although the electromagnetic brake used in the elevator hoisting machine has been described in the above embodiment, the present invention is not limited to the elevator hoisting machine, and can be applied to other brake devices.

11,21,31 armature 12,22,32 shoe 13,23,33 field 14,24,34 electromagnetic coil 15,25,35 guide pin 15a,25a,35a guide pin inner wall 13a,21a, 33a storage portion 11a, 23a, 31a guide hole 16, 26, 36 spring 17, 27, 37 switch 17a, 27a, 37a base portion 17b, 27b, 37b contact portion 18 magnet 100, 200, 300 electromagnetic brake, 51 sheave, 52 rotor, 53 stator, 54 bearing, 55 housing, 500 elevator hoist

Claims (7)

an electromagnetic coil;
an armature having a shoe attached to one surface that contacts and separates from the braking surface;
a field provided facing the other surface of the armature;
a guide pin formed on either the field or the armature and guiding the reciprocating motion of the armature;
a resilient member disposed on the guide pin for moving the armature away from the field when the electromagnetic coil is not energized ;
An electromagnetic brake , wherein the guide pin has a hollow structure in which the elastic member is arranged . an electromagnetic coil;
an armature having a shoe attached to one surface that contacts and separates from the braking surface;
a field provided facing the other surface of the armature;
a guide pin formed on either the field or the armature and guiding the reciprocating motion of the armature;
an elastic member disposed on the guide pin and configured to move the armature toward the field when the electromagnetic coil is not energized;
The guide pin has a hollow structure in which the elastic member is arranged,
An electromagnetic brake, wherein the armature is moved away from the field by a repelling means provided on the other surface of the armature when the electromagnetic coil is energized. an electromagnetic coil;
an armature having a shoe attached to one surface that contacts and separates from the braking surface;
a field provided facing the other surface of the armature;
a guide pin formed on either the field or the armature and guiding the reciprocating motion of the armature;
a resilient member disposed on the guide pin for moving the armature away from the field when the electromagnetic coil is not energized ;
An electromagnetic brake , wherein two or more of the elastic members are arranged on the guide pin . an electromagnetic coil;
an armature having a shoe attached to one surface that contacts and separates from the braking surface;
a field provided facing the other surface of the armature;
a guide pin formed on either the field or the armature and guiding the reciprocating motion of the armature;
an elastic member disposed on the guide pin and configured to move the armature toward the field when the electromagnetic coil is not energized;
Two or more of the elastic members are arranged on the guide pin,
An electromagnetic brake, wherein the armature is moved away from the field by a repelling means provided on the other surface of the armature when the electromagnetic coil is energized. The electromagnetic brake according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the guide pin is cylindrical. The electromagnetic brake according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , comprising two or more guide pins. The electromagnetic brake according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the guide pin is provided on the outer pole portion of the electromagnetic coil.

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