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JP7219896B2 - SOIL IMPROVEMENT SOIL MANUFACTURING METHOD AND SOIL IMPROVEMENT METHOD - Google Patents
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JP7219896B2 - SOIL IMPROVEMENT SOIL MANUFACTURING METHOD AND SOIL IMPROVEMENT METHOD - Google Patents

SOIL IMPROVEMENT SOIL MANUFACTURING METHOD AND SOIL IMPROVEMENT METHOD Download PDF

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JP7219896B2
JP7219896B2 JP2019126150A JP2019126150A JP7219896B2 JP 7219896 B2 JP7219896 B2 JP 7219896B2 JP 2019126150 A JP2019126150 A JP 2019126150A JP 2019126150 A JP2019126150 A JP 2019126150A JP 7219896 B2 JP7219896 B2 JP 7219896B2
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nanofibers
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cement
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JP2021011728A (en
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裕史 府川
英幸 浅田
弘幸 三枝
英紀 高橋
嘉之 森川
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Toa Corp
National Institute of Maritime Port and Aviation Technology
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Description

本発明は、セメント系材料にナノファイバーが混合されている地盤改良土の製造方法および地盤改良方法に関し、さらに詳しくは、より効果的かつ効率的に地盤改良を行うことができる地盤改良土の製造方法およびこの地盤改良土を用いた地盤改良方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for producing soil improvement soil in which nanofibers are mixed with a cementitious material and a method for soil improvement, and more specifically, production of soil improvement soil that can improve ground more effectively and efficiently. method and ground improvement method using this ground improvement soil.

軟弱地盤等を改良するために対象地盤にセメント系材料や薬液を混合、注入する地盤改良方法が知られている。セメント系材料とナノファイバーとを混合して地盤改良を行う方法も提案されている(特許文献1参照)。ナノファイバーを混合して地盤改良することによって、地盤強度(一軸圧縮強さ)の向上が期待されている。 A soil improvement method is known in which a cement-based material or a chemical solution is mixed and injected into a target ground to improve soft ground or the like. A method for soil improvement by mixing cementitious materials and nanofibers has also been proposed (see Patent Document 1). Improvement of soil strength (uniaxial compressive strength) is expected by soil improvement by mixing nanofibers.

地盤改良施工では、要求される地盤強度を所定の養生期間内で確保するため、地盤改良土にはその要求強度を発現するために必要な量のセメントが配合される。本願発明者らの分析、検討の結果、このような地盤改良土の地盤強度は養生期間を経過した後も経時的に増進するためオーバースペックになることが判明した。即ち、要求される地盤強度を所定の養生期間内に確保することに注目しているだけでは、必要量以上のセメントを使用することになるので無駄が多くなる。必要量以上のセメントの使用に伴い、硬化後の地盤改良土の地盤強度が過大になると、その改良地盤の掘削等が困難になるという別の問題も発生する。 In ground improvement work, in order to ensure the required strength of the ground within a predetermined curing period, the ground improvement soil is mixed with cement in an amount necessary to develop the required strength. As a result of the analysis and study by the inventors of the present application, it was found that the ground strength of such ground improvement soil increases over time even after the curing period has passed, resulting in over-specification. In other words, if only attention is paid to securing the required ground strength within a predetermined curing period, the cement will be used in excess of the necessary amount, resulting in a large amount of waste. If the ground strength of the ground improvement soil after hardening becomes excessive due to the use of more than the necessary amount of cement, another problem arises in that excavation of the improved ground becomes difficult.

また従来、地盤改良土に混合されたナノファイバーによるその他の効果が十分に把握されていない。それ故、地盤改良効果を向上させつつ効率的に地盤改良を行うには改善の余地がある。 In addition, other effects of nanofibers mixed in ground improvement soil have not been fully understood. Therefore, there is room for improvement in improving the ground improvement effect and efficiently performing the ground improvement.

特開2015-1043号公報JP 2015-1043 A

本発明の目的は、より効果的かつ効率的に地盤改良を行うことが可能なセメント系材料にナノファイバーが混合されている地盤改良土の製造方法およびこの地盤改良土を用いた地盤改良方法を提供することにある。 The object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing ground improvement soil in which nanofibers are mixed with a cement-based material that can improve the ground more effectively and efficiently, and a ground improvement method using this soil improvement soil. to provide.

上記目的を達成するため本発明の地盤改良土の製造方法は、土と水とセメントとナノファイバーとを混合して、混合完了後の所定の養生期間内に、一軸圧縮強さについて設定された基準値以上の地盤強度を発現する地盤改良土を製造する地盤改良土の製造方法において、前記地盤改良土の試験サンプルを用いて、材齢が少なくとも前記養生期間を超えて所定の観察期間経過時までの前記試験サンプルの一軸圧縮強さの経時変化データを予め把握しておき、この把握した前記経時変化データと前記基準値とに基づいて、前記地盤改良土での少なくともセメントの配合割合を決定することを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the method for producing soil improvement soil of the present invention mixes soil, water, cement, and nanofibers, and within a predetermined curing period after the completion of mixing, the uniaxial compressive strength is set. In a method for producing soil improvement soil that produces soil improvement soil that expresses ground strength equal to or higher than a reference value, using a test sample of the soil improvement soil, the material age exceeds the curing period at least When a predetermined observation period has elapsed The time-dependent change data of the unconfined compressive strength of the test sample is grasped in advance, and based on the grasped time-dependent change data and the reference value, the mixture ratio of at least cement in the ground improvement soil is determined. characterized by

本発明の地盤改良方法は、上記に記載の地盤改良土の製造方法により製造された地盤改良土を用いて対象地盤に対して地盤改良を行うことを特徴とする。 The ground improvement method of the present invention is characterized by performing ground improvement on the target ground using the soil improvement soil produced by the method for producing the soil improvement soil described above.

本発明の地盤改良土の製造方法によれば、予め把握した地盤改良土の試験サンプルの一軸圧縮強さの前記観察期間経過時までの経時変化データを利用する。そのため、所定の養生期間内の地盤改良土の地盤強度(一軸圧縮強さ)だけでなく、それ以降にも増進する地盤強度を考慮して、過不足のない適切なセメントの配合割合を決定することができる。それ故、このようにセメントの配合割合が決定された地盤改良土を用いることで、所定の養生期間内に地盤強度の基準値を確保した地盤改良施工を、必要量以上のセメントを使用することなく実施することができる。即ち、地盤改良をより効果的かつ効率的に行うことが可能になる。 According to the method for producing soil improvement soil of the present invention, the time-varying change data of the unconfined compressive strength of the soil improvement soil test sample grasped in advance until the observation period has elapsed is used. Therefore, not only the ground strength (uniaxial compressive strength) of the ground improvement soil within the specified curing period, but also the ground strength that will increase after that, determine the appropriate blending ratio of cement that is neither too much nor too little. be able to. Therefore, by using ground improvement soil with a cement mixture ratio determined in this way, it is possible to use more than the necessary amount of cement for ground improvement construction that secures the standard value of ground strength within a predetermined curing period. can be implemented without That is, it becomes possible to perform ground improvement more effectively and efficiently.

地盤改良土を製造している工程および地盤改良土の試験サンプルを例示する説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the process which is manufacturing soil improvement soil, and the test sample of soil improvement soil. 試験サンプルの一軸圧縮強さの経時変化データを模式的に例示するグラフ図である。FIG. 4 is a graph diagram schematically illustrating time-dependent change data of uniaxial compressive strength of a test sample; セメントの配合割合のみを異ならせた試験サンプルの一軸圧縮強さの経時変化データを模式的に例示するグラフ図である。FIG. 4 is a graph diagram schematically exemplifying temporal change data of unconfined compressive strength of test samples in which only the blending ratio of cement is changed. 地盤改良を行っている対象地盤を例示する説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the object ground which is performing ground improvement. 試験サンプルの材齢7日の圧縮応力と圧縮歪みとの関係(実験データ)を例示するグラフ図である。FIG. 4 is a graph diagram illustrating the relationship (experimental data) between compressive stress and compressive strain of a test sample at a material age of 7 days. 試験サンプルの材齢28日の圧縮応力と圧縮歪みとの関係(実験データ)を例示するグラフ図である。FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the relationship (experimental data) between compressive stress and compressive strain at 28 days of material age of test samples. 試験サンプルの材齢112日の圧縮応力と圧縮歪みとの関係(実験データ)を例示するグラフ図である。FIG. 4 is a graph diagram illustrating the relationship (experimental data) between compressive stress and compressive strain at 112 days of material age of a test sample. 試験サンプルの一軸圧縮強さの経時変化データ(実験データ)を例示するグラフ図である。FIG. 10 is a graph illustrating temporal change data (experimental data) of uniaxial compressive strength of test samples.

以下、本発明の地盤改良土の製造方法および地盤改良方法を、図に示した実施形態に基づいて説明する。 Hereinafter, the method for producing soil improvement soil and the method for soil improvement of the present invention will be described based on the embodiments shown in the drawings.

図1に例示するように本発明では、土2と水3とセメント4とナノファイバー5とを所定割合で配合して、混合装置8を用いて混合することで地盤改良土1が製造される。この混合装置8を用いて、地盤改良土1の後述する様々な試験サンプル6(6a、6b、6c)を製造することもできる。地盤改良土1の構成材料を混合する手段は特に限定されず、例示した混合装置8の他の装置を用いることもできる。また、地盤改良土1には、必要に応じてその他の材料(AE減水材などの混和剤)を適宜混合することができる。 As exemplified in FIG. 1, in the present invention, soil 2, water 3, cement 4, and nanofibers 5 are blended in a predetermined ratio and mixed using a mixing device 8 to produce ground improvement soil 1. . Using this mixing device 8, various test samples 6 (6a, 6b, 6c) of the ground improvement soil 1, which will be described later, can also be produced. The means for mixing the constituent materials of the ground improvement soil 1 is not particularly limited, and a device other than the exemplified mixing device 8 can also be used. In addition, the ground improvement soil 1 can be appropriately mixed with other materials (admixture such as AE water reducing material) as necessary.

土2の種類は特に限定されず地盤改良の施工現場の土など公知の様々な土を用いることができる。セメント4の種類は特に限定されず、ポルトランドセメントなど公知の様々なセメントを用いることができる。 The type of the soil 2 is not particularly limited, and various known soils such as the soil at the construction site of ground improvement can be used. The type of cement 4 is not particularly limited, and various known cements such as Portland cement can be used.

ナノファイバー5は例えば、樹木や草花などのセルロースを機械的処理、化学処理またはこれらを組み合わせた処理等を経て、ナノレベルまで細分化した素材である。ナノファイバー5は例えば、紛体、或いは水と混合してゲル状体として使用される。 The nanofiber 5 is, for example, a material obtained by subdividing cellulose such as trees and flowers into nano-levels through mechanical treatment, chemical treatment, or a combination thereof. The nanofibers 5 are used, for example, as a powder or a gel by mixing with water.

ナノファイバー5の代表的な仕様を例示すると、繊維長さが数nm~、繊維幅が数nm~数十μm程度である。繊維幅にはある程度ばらつきがあり、例えば木材からセルロースナノファイバー5を製造する過程での低解繊の繊維もナノファイバー5の範疇に入る。ナノファイバー5の原料としては例えば、木材パルプ、竹パルプ、針葉樹パルプなどが使用される。このような植物由来の原料からなるセルロースナノファイバー5に限らず、甲殻類などの動物由来の原料からなるナノファイバー5を用いることもできる。ナノファイバー5には様々な仕様があるが、公知の種々のナノファイバー5を用いることができる。 Typical specifications of the nanofibers 5 are about several nanometers in fiber length and several nanometers to several tens of micrometers in fiber width. The fiber width varies to some extent. Materials for the nanofibers 5 include, for example, wood pulp, bamboo pulp, softwood pulp, and the like. Not only the cellulose nanofibers 5 made of such plant-derived raw materials, but also nanofibers 5 made of animal-derived raw materials such as crustaceans can be used. The nanofibers 5 have various specifications, and various known nanofibers 5 can be used.

ナノファイバー5は嵩張る材料であり、また、混合した場合に地盤改良土1の流動性を低下させるので、取扱い性の観点から地盤改良土1における配合割合をあまり大きくできない。したがって、地盤改良土1での配合割合は、地盤改良土1を構成する土粒子に対して例えば、土粒子乾燥重量比で0.1wt%~5.0wt%程度になる。 The nanofibers 5 are a bulky material, and when mixed, they reduce the fluidity of the soil improvement soil 1. Therefore, the blending ratio in the soil improvement soil 1 cannot be made too large from the viewpoint of handling. Therefore, the mixing ratio in the ground improvement soil 1 is, for example, about 0.1 wt % to 5.0 wt % in dry weight ratio of soil particles with respect to the soil particles constituting the ground improvement soil 1 .

地盤改良土1は、その構成材料の混合完了後にセメント水和反応が促進することで硬化して、所定の養生期間T内に、基準値C以上の地盤強度(一軸圧縮強さqu)を発現する。この基準値Cは予め設定されているので、この基準値C以上の地盤強度を確保できる量のセメント4が地盤改良土1に配合される。 The ground improvement soil 1 hardens by promoting cement hydration reaction after the completion of mixing of its constituent materials, and develops ground strength (uniaxial compressive strength qu) equal to or higher than the reference value C within a predetermined curing period T. do. Since this reference value C is set in advance, the cement 4 is blended into the ground improvement soil 1 in an amount that can secure the ground strength equal to or higher than this reference value C.

そこで、地盤改良土1でのセメント4の配合割合を決定するために、地盤改良土1の試験サンプル6を用いて、この試験サンプル6の一軸圧縮強さquの経時変化データQを取得する。一軸圧縮強さquはJIS A 1216の規定に準拠して測定する。図2に例示するように経時変化データQは、混合完了後の所定の養生期間Tを超えて所定の観察期間Taが経過する時まで取得する。この観察期間Taは養生期間Tの開始時点から観察期間の経過時点までの期間である。図2には、地盤改良土1の経時変化データQの他に、この地盤改良土1からナノファイバー5のみを除いた場合の改良土(以下、従来改良土という)の経時変化データQ0も破線で記載されている。 Therefore, in order to determine the mixing ratio of the cement 4 in the ground improvement soil 1, a test sample 6 of the ground improvement soil 1 is used, and the time-dependent change data Q of the unconfined compressive strength qu of this test sample 6 is obtained. The unconfined compressive strength qu is measured according to JIS A1216. As exemplified in FIG. 2, the temporal change data Q is acquired until a predetermined observation period Ta has passed after a predetermined curing period T after the completion of mixing. The observation period Ta is a period from the start of the curing period T to the end of the observation period. In addition to the temporal change data Q of the ground improvement soil 1, FIG . indicated by a dashed line.

観察期間Taは適切な長さに設定され、例えば養生期間Tの2倍以上の長さ、または養生期間Tの3倍以上の長さに設定される。養生期間Tが28日の場合、観察期間Taは56日以上、または84日以上に設定され、具体的には例えば112日程度に設定される。 The observation period Ta is set to an appropriate length, for example, twice as long as the curing period T or three times as long as the curing period T or more. When the curing period T is 28 days, the observation period Ta is set to 56 days or longer, or 84 days or longer, and specifically set to about 112 days, for example.

この予め把握した試験サンプル6の一軸圧縮強さquの経時変化データQと、地盤強度の基準値Cとに基づいて、地盤改良土1での少なくともセメント4の配合割合を決定する。図2に例示するように、地盤改良土1も従来改良土も養生期間T内に基準値C以上の地盤強度を発現している。そして、経時変化データQとQ0とを比較すると、地盤改良土1は、従来改良土に比して材齢初期では一軸圧縮強さquが高く、材齢が進むに連れて従来改良土よりも一軸圧縮強さquが低くなっている。 Based on the change data Q of the unconfined compressive strength qu of the test sample 6 grasped in advance and the reference value C of the ground strength, the mixture ratio of at least the cement 4 in the ground improvement soil 1 is determined. As exemplified in FIG. 2, both the ground improvement soil 1 and the conventional improvement soil exhibit a ground strength equal to or higher than the reference value C within the curing period T. Comparing the temporal change data Q and Q0 , the soil improvement soil 1 has a higher unconfined compressive strength qu at the early stage of material age than the conventional improvement soil. The uniaxial compressive strength qu is also low.

即ち、地盤改良土1に混合されたナノファイバー5は、より早期に高い地盤強度を発現させるとともに、経時的な地盤強度の増進を抑制する効果を有している。そこで、経時変化データQと基準値Cとを比較して、所定の養生期間T内で基準値Cを確保できるセメント4の配合割合を、セメント4の使用量が最低限(安全率等は考慮する)になるように決定する。 That is, the nanofibers 5 mixed in the ground improvement soil 1 have the effect of developing high ground strength earlier and suppressing the increase in ground strength over time. Therefore, by comparing the temporal change data Q and the reference value C, the mixture ratio of the cement 4 that can secure the reference value C within the predetermined curing period T is determined to be the minimum amount of cement 4 used (a safety factor, etc. is taken into account). do).

具体的には、図2に例示した経時変化データQを取得した試験サンプル6でのセメント4の配合割合に対して、経験的に、或いは、実験データやシミュレーション解析等によって把握されている、配合されるセメント4の増減量と所定の養生期間Tの経過時の一軸圧縮強さquとの相関関係を利用する。そして、この相関関係を用いて、この試験サンプル6でのセメント4の配合割合(配合量)に対して削減できるセメント4の量を算出する。経時変化データQにおける養生期間Tの経過時の一軸圧縮強さquが基準値Cよりも高い程、削減できるセメント4の量は多くなる。 Specifically, the mixture ratio of the cement 4 in the test sample 6 from which the temporal change data Q illustrated in FIG. The correlation between the increase/decrease amount of the cement 4 to be applied and the unconfined compressive strength qu after a predetermined curing period T is utilized. Then, using this correlation, the amount of cement 4 that can be reduced with respect to the mixture ratio (mixture amount) of cement 4 in this test sample 6 is calculated. The higher the unconfined compressive strength qu after the curing period T in the aging data Q is higher than the reference value C, the larger the amount of cement 4 that can be reduced.

そして、算出したセメント4の削減量を試験サンプル6のセメント4の配合量から差し引いて算出された配合割合を、地盤改良土1でのセメント4の配合割合として採用する。地盤改良土1のその他の構成材料(土2、水3、ナノファイバー5)の配合割合は、この試験サンプル6の配合割合を採用することも、許容範囲内で適宜調整することもできる。 Then, the mixture ratio calculated by subtracting the calculated reduction amount of cement 4 from the mixture amount of cement 4 of test sample 6 is adopted as the mixture ratio of cement 4 in ground improvement soil 1 . The mixing ratio of the other constituent materials (soil 2, water 3, nanofibers 5) of the soil improvement soil 1 can be the mixing ratio of this test sample 6, or can be adjusted appropriately within the allowable range.

地盤改良土1でのセメント4の配合割合を決定するには、試験サンプル6として、セメント4の配合割合のみを実質的に異ならせた複数種類の試験サンプル6a、6b、6cを使用することもできる。この場合、図3に例示するように、それぞれの試験サンプル6a、6b、6cの経時変化データQa、Qb、Qcを取得する。試験サンプル6a、6b、6cの順に徐々にセメント4の配合割合が大きくなっていて、それぞれの一軸圧縮強さの経時変化データQa、Qb、Qcと基準値Cとを比較する。 In order to determine the blending ratio of cement 4 in ground improvement soil 1, it is also possible to use multiple types of test samples 6a, 6b, and 6c in which only the blending ratio of cement 4 is substantially different. can. In this case, as illustrated in FIG. 3, temporal change data Qa, Qb, Qc of respective test samples 6a, 6b, 6c are obtained. The mixing ratio of the cement 4 is gradually increased in the order of the test samples 6a, 6b, and 6c.

この比較の結果、試験サンプル6a、6b、6cの内、養生期間Tの経過時に基準値C以上の一軸圧縮強さquを発現し、かつ、セメント4の配合割合(配合量)が最小の試験サンプル6を選択する。この実施形態では、試験サンプル6a(経時変化データQa)が選択される。そして、選択した試験サンプル6aでのセメント4の配合割合を、地盤改良土1でのセメント4の配合割合として採用すればよい。この方法では、選択した試験サンプル6aでのすべての構成材料(土2、水3、セメント4、ナノファイバー5)の配合割合を、地盤改良土1において採用してもよく、許容範囲内で適宜調整することもできる。 As a result of this comparison, among the test samples 6a, 6b, and 6c, the test in which the unconfined compressive strength qu of the reference value C or more is exhibited after the curing period T has elapsed, and the mixture ratio (mixture amount) of the cement 4 is the smallest. Select sample 6. In this embodiment, a test sample 6a (time change data Qa) is selected. Then, the blending ratio of cement 4 in the selected test sample 6a may be adopted as the blending ratio of cement 4 in the ground improvement soil 1. In this method, the blending ratio of all the constituent materials (soil 2, water 3, cement 4, nanofiber 5) in the selected test sample 6a may be adopted in the soil improvement soil 1, and within the allowable range as appropriate It can also be adjusted.

セメント4の配合割合を決定する既述の手順では、ナノファイバー5の配合割合を固定した一定割合にすることを前提にしている。そこで、地盤改良土1でのセメント4の配合割合を決定するには、試験サンプル6として、ナノファイバー5の配合割合のみを実質的に異ならせた複数種類の試験サンプル6a、6b、6cを使用することもできる。 The above-described procedure for determining the blending ratio of the cement 4 is based on the premise that the blending ratio of the nanofibers 5 is fixed and constant. Therefore, in order to determine the blending ratio of cement 4 in ground improvement soil 1, multiple types of test samples 6a, 6b, and 6c in which only the blending ratio of nanofibers 5 is substantially different are used as test samples 6. You can also

この場合にも図3と同様に、それぞれの試験サンプル6a、6b、6cの一軸圧縮強さの経時変化データQa、Qb、Qcを取得する。そして、それぞれの経時変化データQa、Qb、Qcと基準値Cとを比較する。この比較の結果、試験サンプル6a、6b、6cの内、養生期間Tの経過時に基準値C以上の一軸圧縮強さquを発現し、かつ、ナノファイバー5の配合割合(配合量)が最小の試験サンプル6を選択する。そして、選択した試験サンプル6でのセメント4およびナノファイバー5の配合割合を、地盤改良土1でのセメント4およびナノファイバー5の配合割合として採用する。 Also in this case, similarly to FIG. 3, time-varying change data Qa, Qb, Qc of the uniaxial compressive strength of the respective test samples 6a, 6b, 6c are obtained. Then, each of the temporal change data Qa, Qb, Qc and the reference value C are compared. As a result of this comparison, among the test samples 6a, 6b, and 6c, the uniaxial compressive strength qu of the reference value C or higher is exhibited after the curing period T has elapsed, and the blending ratio (blending amount) of the nanofibers 5 is the smallest. Select test sample 6. Then, the blending ratio of cement 4 and nanofiber 5 in the selected test sample 6 is adopted as the blending ratio of cement 4 and nanofiber 5 in soil improvement soil 1 .

この方法では、ナノファイバー5の配合割合を最小限にすることができる。選択した試験サンプル6でのその他の構成材料の配合割合を、地盤改良土1において採用することも、許容範囲内で適宜調整することもできる。 In this method, the mixing ratio of nanofibers 5 can be minimized. The mixing ratio of other constituent materials in the selected test sample 6 can be adopted in the soil improvement soil 1 or can be adjusted appropriately within the allowable range.

試験サンプル6として、ナノファイバー5の仕様のみを実質的に異ならせて、それぞれの仕様のナノファイバー5a、5b、5cが混合された複数種類の試験サンプル6af、6bf、6cfを使用することもできる。この場合も図3と同様に、それぞれの試験サンプル6af、6bf、6cfの一軸圧縮強さの経時変化データQaf、Qbf、Qcfを取得して、養生期間Tの経過時の一軸圧縮強さquを比較する。この比較の結果、試験サンプル6af、6bf、6cfの内、養生期間Tの経過時に基準値C以上の一軸圧縮強さquを発現し、かつ、一軸圧縮強さquが最も大きい試験サンプル6に混合されているナノファイバー5と同仕様のナノファイバー5を地盤改良土1に使用する。 As test samples 6, a plurality of types of test samples 6a f , 6b f , and 6c f are used in which nanofibers 5 a , 5 b , and 5 c having respective specifications are mixed with only the specifications of the nanofibers 5 substantially different. can also In this case also , similarly to FIG . Compare the unconfined compressive strengths qu. As a result of this comparison, among the test samples 6a f , 6b f , and 6c f , the test sample that develops a uniaxial compressive strength qu equal to or higher than the reference value C after the curing period T has elapsed and has the largest uniaxial compressive strength qu Nanofibers 5 having the same specifications as the nanofibers 5 mixed in 6 are used for ground improvement soil 1.

このように選択されたナノファイバー5は、地盤強度を向上させる効果が最も高いと考えられるので、地盤改良土1でのセメント4の配合割合を少なくするには有利になる。地盤改良土1でのセメント4を含めた構成材料の配合割合は既述した方法で決定すればよい。 The nanofibers 5 selected in this manner are considered to have the highest effect of improving the strength of the ground, and are advantageous for reducing the blending ratio of the cement 4 in the ground improvement soil 1 . The mixing ratio of the constituent materials including the cement 4 in the ground improvement soil 1 may be determined by the method described above.

この試験サンプル6af、6bf、6cfを使用して、それぞれの経時変化データQaf、Qbf、Qcfにおける観察期間Taの経過時の一軸圧縮強さquを比較することもできる。この比較の結果、試験サンプル6af、6bf、6cfの内、一軸圧縮強さquが最も小さい試験サンプル6に混合されているナノファイバー5と同仕様のナノファイバー5を地盤改良土1に使用することもできる。 The test samples 6a f , 6b f , 6c f can also be used to compare the unconfined compressive strengths qu after the observation period Ta in the time-varying data Qa f , Qb f , Qc f . As a result of this comparison, among the test samples 6a f , 6b f , and 6c f , the nanofibers 5 having the same specifications as the nanofibers 5 mixed in the test sample 6 having the lowest uniaxial compressive strength qu were added to the ground improvement soil 1. can also be used.

このように選択されたナノファイバー5を用いることで、地盤改良土1の経時的に増進する地盤強度を抑制するには有利になる。地盤改良土1でのセメント4を含めた構成材料の配合割合は既述した方法で決定すればよい。 The use of the nanofibers 5 selected in this manner is advantageous for suppressing the ground strength of the ground improvement soil 1 that increases over time. The mixing ratio of the constituent materials including the cement 4 in the ground improvement soil 1 may be determined by the method described above.

本発明の地盤改良方法は、図4に例示するように地盤改良土1を用いて対象地盤7に対して地盤改良を行う。この実施形態では、撹拌翼を備えた地盤改良装置9を使用して、対象地盤7の土2に水3とセメント4とナノファイバー5を混合して地盤改良土1を製造しながら地盤改良施工を行っている。 The ground improvement method of the present invention uses ground improvement soil 1 to improve the target ground 7 as illustrated in FIG. In this embodiment, using a soil improvement device 9 equipped with a stirring blade, water 3, cement 4 and nanofibers 5 are mixed with the soil 2 of the target ground 7 to produce the soil improvement soil 1 while ground improvement construction It is carried out.

地盤改良はこの実施形態に例示した方法に限らず、地盤改良土1を使用した様々な方法を採用することができる。例えば、施工現場または施工現場とは異なる場所で予め製造した地盤改良土1を、対象地盤7に埋設して地盤改良することもできる。 Soil improvement is not limited to the method exemplified in this embodiment, and various methods using the soil improvement soil 1 can be adopted. For example, the ground improvement soil 1 previously manufactured at the construction site or a place different from the construction site can be buried in the target ground 7 for ground improvement.

以上説明したように、予め把握した上記の経時変化データQを利用して地盤改良土1を製造することで、所定の養生期間T内の地盤改良土1の地盤強度だけでなく、それ以降にも増進する地盤強度を考慮して、過不足のない適切なセメント4の配合割合を決定することができる。このようにして決定されたセメント4の配合割合を採用した地盤改良土1を用いることで、所定の養生期間T内に地盤強度の基準値Cを確保した地盤改良施工を、必要量以上のセメント4を使用することなく実施することができる。即ち、本発明の地盤改良方法によれば、地盤改良効果をより向上させつつ、より効率的に地盤改良を行うことが可能になる。 As described above, by manufacturing the soil improvement soil 1 using the above-mentioned temporal change data Q grasped in advance, not only the ground strength of the soil improvement soil 1 within the predetermined curing period T, but also after that It is possible to determine an appropriate mixture ratio of the cement 4 that is neither too much nor too little, taking into consideration the ground strength that is also increased. By using the ground improvement soil 1 that adopts the blending ratio of the cement 4 determined in this way, the ground improvement construction that secures the reference value C of the ground strength within the predetermined curing period T can be performed with more than the necessary amount of cement. 4 can be implemented. That is, according to the ground improvement method of the present invention, it becomes possible to improve the ground improvement effect more efficiently and more efficiently.

この地盤改良土1では、地盤改良施工の初期段階から比較的高い地盤強度が得られるので、施工作業の制約が少なくなるメリットもある。また、長期間経過した後の地盤強度が抑制されるので、その改良地盤の掘削等の施工効率向上にも寄与する。例えば、養生期間Tの経過時の一軸圧縮強さquが同等の試験サンプル6が複数ある場合、観察期間Taの経過時の一軸圧縮強さquが最も低い試験サンプル6を選択する。そして、この選択した試験サンプル6のセメント4の配合割合を、地盤改良土1に採用すれば、その後の改良地盤の掘削施工に要する時間を短縮するには有利になる。 With this ground improvement soil 1, relatively high ground strength can be obtained from the initial stage of ground improvement work, so there is also the advantage of less restrictions on construction work. In addition, since the strength of the ground is suppressed after a long period of time, it contributes to the improvement of construction efficiency such as excavation of the improved ground. For example, if there are a plurality of test samples 6 having the same uniaxial compressive strength qu after the curing period T has elapsed, the test sample 6 with the lowest uniaxial compressive strength qu after the observation period Ta is selected. And if the mixture ratio of the cement 4 of the selected test sample 6 is adopted for the ground improvement soil 1, it is advantageous to shorten the time required for excavating the improved ground thereafter.

製造された地盤改良土1は、対象地盤7の地盤改良に使用するだけでなく他の用途に使用することもできる。例えば、地盤改良土1を他の場所に移動させて、各種補強材として使用することもできる。 The manufactured ground improvement soil 1 can be used not only for ground improvement of the target ground 7 but also for other uses. For example, the ground improvement soil 1 can be moved to another location and used as various reinforcing materials.

地盤改良土の試験サンプルとして、表1に記載したように、ナノファイバーを混合しない従来例と、この従来例に対してナノファイバーを追加して混合したことのみを実質的に異ならせた3種類(仕様1、2、3)の合計4種類をそれぞれ複本作製した。仕様1ではナノファイバーとして、木材パルプを原料としてTEMPO酸化法により製造されたセルロースナノファイバーを使用した。仕様2ではナノファイバーとして、針葉樹漂白パルプを原料として水中対向衝突法(ACC法)により製造されたセルロースナノファイバーを使用した。仕様3ではナノファイバーとして、竹漂白パルプを原料として水中対向衝突法(ACC法)により製造されたセルロースナノファイバーを使用した。 As a test sample of ground improvement soil, as shown in Table 1, there are three types that are substantially different from a conventional example in which nanofibers are not mixed and a conventional example in which nanofibers are added and mixed. A total of four types of (Specifications 1, 2, and 3) were produced in duplicate. In specification 1, cellulose nanofibers produced from wood pulp by the TEMPO oxidation method were used as the nanofibers. In specification 2, cellulose nanofibers manufactured by the underwater counter-collision method (ACC method) using softwood bleached pulp as the raw material were used as the nanofibers. In Specification 3, cellulose nanofibers manufactured by the underwater counter-collision method (ACC method) using bleached bamboo pulp as the raw material were used as the nanofibers.

Figure 0007219896000001
Figure 0007219896000001

それぞれの試験サンプルについて、材齢7日、28日、112日での一軸圧縮強さqu(圧縮応力σ-圧縮歪み曲線ε)をJIS A 1216の規定に準拠して取得した。その結果を図5~図7に、従来例、仕様1、2、3のデータをそれぞれ、D0(太線の実線)、Da(太線の破線)、Db(細線の実線)、Dc(細線の破線)で示した。 For each test sample, uniaxial compressive strength qu (compressive stress σ-compressive strain curve ε) at material ages of 7 days, 28 days and 112 days was obtained in accordance with JIS A 1216. The results are shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, and the data for the conventional example and specifications 1, 2, and 3 are D 0 (thick solid line), Da (thick broken line), Db (thin solid line), and Dc (thin line). dashed line).

また、図5~図7に示すデータに基づいて、それぞれの試験サンプルについて一軸圧縮強さquの平均値を算出して、その平均値を表2に示した。そして図8には、表2に記載した経時変化データをプロットし、従来例、仕様1、2、3でのプロットを結んだ曲線をそれぞれQ0、Qa、Qb、Qcとして示した。図8では、所定の養生期間Tを28日、所定の観察期間Taを112日として記載し、養生期間Tの内で地盤改良土に要求される地盤強度(一軸圧縮強さ)の基準値をCで記載している。 Further, based on the data shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, the average value of the unconfined compressive strength qu was calculated for each test sample, and the average values are shown in Table 2. In FIG. 8, the temporal change data shown in Table 2 are plotted, and the curves connecting the plots of the conventional example and the specifications 1, 2, and 3 are shown as Q 0 , Qa, Qb, and Qc, respectively. In FIG. 8, the predetermined curing period T is 28 days, and the predetermined observation period Ta is 112 days. Described in C.

Figure 0007219896000002
Figure 0007219896000002

図8の結果から、仕様1、2、3(Qa、Qb、Qc)は従来例(Q0)に比して、材齢初期(0日≦T≦28日)では一軸圧縮強さquが高いことが分かる。また、それ以降の材齢(T>28日)では、従来例(Q0)、仕様2、3(Qb、Qc)の一軸圧縮強さquの増進程度(曲線の傾き)が同等であり、仕様1(Qa)ではこの増進程度が相対的に低いことが分かる。したがって、従来例(Q0)、仕様1、2、3(Qa、Qb、Qc)の内では、仕様1(Qa)での構成材料の配合割合を地盤改良土に採用すると、長期的な地盤強度を抑えるには一番有利になる。 From the results of FIG. 8, specifications 1, 2, and 3 (Qa, Qb, and Qc) have higher unconfined compressive strength qu at the early stage of material age (0 days ≤ T ≤ 28 days) than the conventional example (Q 0 ). I know it's expensive. In addition, at a material age after that (T > 28 days), the degree of improvement (slope of the curve) of the uniaxial compressive strength qu of the conventional example (Q 0 ), specifications 2 and 3 (Qb, Qc) is the same, It can be seen that the extent of this enhancement is relatively low in specification 1 (Qa). Therefore, among the conventional example (Q 0 ) and specifications 1, 2, and 3 (Qa, Qb, and Qc), if the mixing ratio of the constituent materials in specification 1 (Qa) is adopted for ground improvement soil, long-term ground Best for reducing strength.

また、養生期間Tの経過時点で、従来例(Q0)、仕様1、2、3(Qa、Qb、Qc)の一軸圧縮強さquは基準値Cを超えている。そして、仕様1、2、3(Qa、Qb、Qc)の一軸圧縮強さquは従来例(Q0)よりも高くなっている。そのため、所定の養生期間T内で基準値Cの地盤強度を確保する地盤改良土を製造する場合に、仕様1、2、3(Qa、Qb、Qc)においては、従来例(Q0)においてよりも、セメントの配合量を削減できる余地が大きくなる。 Moreover, the uniaxial compressive strength qu of the conventional example (Q 0 ) and the specifications 1, 2 and 3 (Qa, Qb, Qc) exceeds the reference value C at the time when the curing period T has elapsed. The uniaxial compressive strength qu of specifications 1, 2, and 3 (Qa, Qb, and Qc) is higher than that of the conventional example (Q 0 ). Therefore, when producing ground improvement soil that ensures the ground strength of the reference value C within a predetermined curing period T, in specifications 1, 2, and 3 (Qa, Qb, Qc), in the conventional example (Q 0 ) There is more room for reducing the amount of cement compounded.

1 地盤改良土
2 土
3 水
4 セメント
5(5a、5b、5c) ナノファイバー
6(6a、6b、6c) 試験サンプル
7 対象地盤
8 混合装置
9 地盤改良装置
1 ground improvement soil 2 soil 3 water 4 cement 5 (5a, 5b, 5c) nanofiber 6 (6a, 6b, 6c) test sample 7 target ground 8 mixing device 9 ground improvement device

Claims (6)

土と水とセメントとナノファイバーとを混合して、混合完了後の所定の養生期間内に、一軸圧縮強さについて設定された基準値以上の地盤強度を発現する地盤改良土を製造する地盤改良土の製造方法において、
前記地盤改良土の試験サンプルを用いて、材齢が少なくとも前記養生期間を超えて所定の観察期間経過時までの前記試験サンプルの一軸圧縮強さの経時変化データを予め把握しておき、この把握した前記経時変化データと前記基準値とに基づいて、前記地盤改良土での少なくともセメントの配合割合を決定することを特徴とする地盤改良土の製造方法。
Soil, water, cement, and nanofibers are mixed, and within a predetermined curing period after the completion of mixing, ground improvement soil that develops ground strength equal to or higher than the standard value set for unconfined compressive strength is produced. In the soil manufacturing method,
Using the test sample of the ground improvement soil, the time-dependent change data of the unconfined compressive strength of the test sample is grasped in advance until the material age exceeds at least the curing period and the predetermined observation period has passed, and this grasp A method for producing soil improvement soil, characterized in that a blending ratio of at least cement in the soil improvement soil is determined based on the temporal change data obtained and the reference value.
前記試験サンプルとして、前記セメントの配合割合のみを異ならせた複数種類の試験サンプルを使用する請求項1に記載の地盤改良土の製造方法。 2. The method for producing ground improvement soil according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of types of test samples are used as said test samples, in which only the blending ratio of said cement is different. 前記試験サンプルとして、前記ナノファイバーの配合割合のみを異ならせた複数種類の試験サンプルを使用する請求項1に記載の地盤改良土の製造方法。 2. The method for producing ground improvement soil according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of types of test samples are used as the test samples, in which only the compounding ratio of the nanofibers is different. 前記試験サンプルとして、前記ナノファイバーの仕様のみを異ならせた複数種類の試験サンプルを使用し、それぞれの前記試験サンプルの前記経時変化データにおける前記養生期間経過時の一軸圧縮強さを比較し、この一軸圧縮強さが最も大きい試験サンプルに混合されているナノファイバーと同仕様のナノファイバーを前記地盤改良土に使用する請求項1に記載の地盤改良土の製造方法。 As the test samples, a plurality of types of test samples were used in which only the specifications of the nanofibers were different. The method for producing soil improvement soil according to claim 1, wherein nanofibers having the same specification as the nanofibers mixed in the test sample having the highest unconfined compressive strength are used for the soil improvement soil. 前記試験サンプルとして、前記ナノファイバーの仕様のみを異ならせた複数種類の試験サンプルを使用し、それぞれの前記試験サンプルの前記経時変化データにおける前記観察期間経過時の一軸圧縮強さを比較し、この一軸圧縮強さが最も小さい試験サンプルに混合されているナノファイバーと同仕様のナノファイバーを前記地盤改良土に使用する請求項1に記載の地盤改良土の製造方法。 As the test samples, a plurality of types of test samples were used in which only the specifications of the nanofibers were different. The method for producing soil improvement soil according to claim 1, wherein nanofibers having the same specification as the nanofibers mixed in the test sample having the lowest unconfined compressive strength are used for the soil improvement soil. 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の地盤改良土の製造方法により製造された地盤改良土を用いて対象地盤に対して地盤改良を行う地盤改良方法。 A soil improvement method for improving the target ground using the soil improvement soil produced by the method for producing soil improvement soil according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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JP2010007273A (en) 2008-06-25 2010-01-14 Institute Of National Colleges Of Technology Japan Ground and base-course improving material, constituted by mixing rock muck, refuse-molten slug and stabilizer together
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