JP7231531B2 - Steel shoring erection method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a steel shoring erection method in tunnel construction.

In tunnel construction using the mountain construction method, the natural ground is excavated by a mechanical excavation method or a blasting excavation method, and the ground surface exposed by the excavation of the natural ground is closed with support. The shoring used to close the ground surface consists of steel shoring erected along the ground surface, shotcrete sprayed onto the ground surface, and rock bolts etc. installed as necessary. It has
When erecting a steel shoring, visually check the separation distance between the laser beam irradiated from the tunnel face toward the face and the steel shoring using a ruler, etc., and adjust the position in the transverse direction. In addition, it was common to perform longitudinal positioning by connecting to the existing steel shoring using joints (for example, tie rods) of the same length as the erection interval. In the conventional steel shoring installation method, in addition to the operator who operates the erector holding the steel shoring, a plurality of workers such as a worker who measures the distance between the laser beam and the steel shoring. was necessary. In addition, since it is necessary to alternately repeat the surveying using the ruler and the operation of the erector, the work is time-consuming.

Therefore, a shoring erection method has been developed that makes it possible to save labor when erecting steel shoring. For example, in the shoring erection method of Patent Document 1, targets are attached to at least three locations of a steel shoring, a total station that automatically tracks the target is installed at a predetermined point, and the steel shoring is installed in the erector controller. Enter the planned position and the installation height of the target in advance. Then, for each of the three targets, the total station automatically tracks and measures the distance from the center of the tunnel, and based on the measured distance and the planned installation position of the steel shoring entered in advance, the steel shoring is installed. The erector is controlled by an erector controller so that the error is less than or equal to a predetermined value.
In the shoring erection method of Patent Document 1, the position of the steel shoring is measured, the separation distance from the design value is calculated, the steel shoring is moved, and the position of the steel shoring after movement is calculated. By repeating the work of measuring and comparing with the design position, the steel shoring is placed at the specified position.

JP 2007-138427 A

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to propose a method for erecting a steel shoring, which enables erecting a steel shoring at a predetermined position without taking time for positioning.

The steel shoring erection method of the present invention for solving the above problems comprises a machine installation step of installing an erector machine at a predetermined position in a tunnel, and a circumferential laser irradiator attached to the boom of the erector machine. An irradiator adjustment process for adjusting the orientation, an irradiator placement process for arranging the circumferential laser irradiator at a predetermined position, and a shoring erection process for erecting the steel shoring by operating the erector machine. I have it. In the irradiator adjustment step, the operation of arranging the circumferential laser irradiator at a position where the circumferential laser can be irradiated toward the reference point provided on the tunnel side of the face; and adjusting the orientation of the circumferential laser irradiator by irradiating a circumferential laser toward the substrate. In addition, in the irradiator placement step, the circumferential laser irradiator is arranged at a position where the circumferential laser irradiator can irradiate the steel shoring erection location. Furthermore, in the shoring erection step, the circumferential laser irradiator irradiates the steel shoring erection site with a circumferential laser, and the steel shoring is installed at the steel shoring erection site. Work to irradiate a laser beam toward the position that will be the leg of the steel shoring when erected, and confirm the position in the longitudinal direction with the circumferential laser and the position in the transverse direction with the laser beam. while erecting the steel shoring.

According to this steel shoring erection method, the steel shoring is positioned using the circumferential laser and the laser light irradiated to the leg (leg laser) as a mark, so the erection work is easy. Excellent workability. Therefore, the work time can be shortened compared to the conventional erection method in which surveying, calculation, and movement of steel shoring are repeated. Moreover, it is economical because there is no need to use an erector machine with special functions.
In addition, the circumferential laser is a line laser, and in the shoring erection process, if the tunnel cross section is irradiated with the line laser, the circumferential laser functions as a guide for the vertical surface, so pitching can be adjusted. becomes easier.
In addition, if the position of the steel shoring is adjusted while checking the laser beam (leg laser) reflected by the reflector attached to the leg of the steel shoring, the operator of the erector machine can move away from the steel shoring. You can operate the erector while checking the light reflection of the laser light from the position.

According to the steel shoring erection method of the present invention, the positioning of the steel shoring is completed by moving the steel shoring using the circumferential laser and the leg laser as marks. can be easily erected in place. Therefore, the construction period can be shortened, and the construction cost can be reduced.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure which shows the outline|summary of the steel shoring erection method of this embodiment, Comprising: (a) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view, (b) is a cross-sectional view. It is a figure which shows the attachment condition of a circumferential laser irradiation device, (a) is a side view, (b) is a front view. 4 is a flow chart of a steel shoring erection method; It is a front view which shows the installation condition of a reflector. It is a longitudinal section showing an irradiator adjustment process of the steel shoring erection method. It is a longitudinal section showing an irradiator arrangement step of the steel shoring erection method. It is a longitudinal section showing a shoring erection process of the steel shoring erection method. It is a partial enlarged view showing the joining state of support members, (a) shows before joining, (b) shows during joining, and (c) shows after joining.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b), a method of erecting a steel shoring 2 in the vicinity of the face K will be described. The steel shoring 2 is part of the shoring installed to close the ground surface exposed by excavating the ground during tunnel construction. In addition to the steel shoring 2, the shoring includes shotcrete 21 that is sprayed onto the natural ground surface, and rock bolts that are embedded into the natural ground as needed.
The steel support 2 is formed in an arch shape by combining a pair of support members 22,22. The support member 22 is formed by processing H-section steel. A joint plate (top plate) 23 for joining the supporting members 22 together is fixed to the upper ends of the supporting members 22 , and a bottom plate 24 is fixed to the lower ends of the supporting members 22 . The number of support members 22 for assembling one steel support 2 is not limited to two. Moreover, the shape of the steel shoring 2 may be appropriately determined according to the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel.

An erector machine 1 is used when erecting a steel shoring 2. - 特許庁An erector machine 1 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The erector machine 1 is a heavy machine for moving the steel shoring 2, and includes a main body 11, a traveling section 12, two erector booms 13, 13, and two baskets 14, 14. A cockpit 15 is provided in the main body 11 . The body portion 11 is supported by the running portion 12 . The operator's seat 15 is provided with a lever or the like for operating the erector boom 13 or the like and a handle or the like for operating the travel section 12 . The running unit 12 is a running means that runs inside the tunnel. In this embodiment, a so-called crawler-type traveling section 12 in which an endless belt is wound around a plurality of drive wheels is used as the traveling section 12 . The type of the traveling portion 12 is not limited, and may be, for example, a wheel type. A gripping means 16 is provided at the tip of the erector boom 13 . The erector boom 13 is extendable and can be turned vertically and horizontally. The gripping means 16 are capable of gripping the steel shoring 2 .

The basket 14 functions as a scaffold for workers working at height. Basket 14 is attached to the tip of basket boom 17 . The basket boom 17 is extendable and can be turned vertically and horizontally. Also, the basket boom 17 can move forward and backward on the body portion 11 of the erector machine 1 . The body portion 11 is provided with rails (not shown) for the basket boom 17 along the front-rear direction on the left and right sides of the operator's seat 15 . The basket boom 17 moves in the front-rear direction by traveling on rails provided on the main body 11 . In this manner, the basket 14 moves forward, backward, upward, downward, leftward, and rightward via the basket boom 17 . The operation of the basket boom 17 is performed by a worker on the basket 14 or an operator at the cockpit 15 .

In this embodiment, the circumferential laser irradiator 3 is suspended under one basket 14 of the two baskets 14 , 14 . The circumferential laser irradiator 3 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b). The circumferential laser irradiator 3 irradiates a laser beam (line laser) toward the setting position of the steel shoring 2 . In this embodiment, a so-called laser marking device is used as the circumferential laser irradiator 3 . A conical mirror is attached to the laser irradiation portion 31 of the circumferential laser irradiation device 3 . A laser beam emitted from the circumferential laser irradiator 3 is directed toward the tunnel wall surface via a mirror to form a mark line extending in the tunnel circumferential direction. The circumferential laser irradiator 3 is equipped with a yawing adjustment mechanism and a shake reduction mechanism in order to suppress blurring during laser beam irradiation. The circumferential laser irradiator 3 is suspended from the basket 14 via the mount 4 . The frame 4 is formed by combining steel materials (for example, L-shaped steel). The pedestal 4 includes a frame 41 for mounting the circumferential laser irradiator 3 and a hanger 42 having one end fixed to the basket 14 and the other end fixed to the frame 41 . The frame 41 is suspended so that its upper surface is parallel to the floor plate of the basket 14. - 特許庁That is, the horizontality of the frame 41 is maintained together with the basket 14 . In this embodiment, the circumferential laser irradiator 3 is housed inside a case 32 mounted on the frame 41 . The case 32 is a box-shaped member that protects the circumferential laser irradiator 3 . A window (not shown) is formed in the case 32 corresponding to the position of the irradiation section 31 of the circumferential laser irradiator 3, and the laser beam irradiated from the circumferential laser irradiator 3 passes through this window. (Circumferential laser L ₁ ) reaches the tunnel wall surface.

The steel shoring erection method of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 8. FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the steel shoring erection method of the present embodiment includes a preparation step S1, a machine installation step S2, an irradiator adjustment step S3, an irradiator placement step S4, and a shoring erection step. S5.
In the preparation step S1, a reference point is set on the existing steel shoring 20 (for example, the existing steel shoring 20 two units before the steel shoring 2 to be erected newly). The reference point is desirably formed so as to be easily visible. The position and formation method of the reference point are not limited, and for example, it may be a nail (reference nail) driven into the shotcrete 21 at a position a predetermined distance away from the face. Moreover, in the preparation step S1, as shown in FIG. A reflective tape (reflective material) 5 is attached to the jig 51 . Although the configuration of the jig 51 is not limited, the jig 51 of the present embodiment is made of steel (for example, L-shaped steel) and fixed to the steel shoring 2 via magnets 52 . Note that the reflective tape 5 may be attached directly to the magnet 52 . Moreover, the fixing method of the jig 51 is not limited to the use of the magnet 52. For example, the jig 51 may be fixed to the steel shoring 2 with a clamp or the like. Further, the reflective material is not limited to the reflective tape 5, and may be paint applied to the jig 51, for example.

The machine installation step S2 is a step of installing the erecta machine 1 at a predetermined position in the tunnel. The erector machine 1 is installed at a position where the steel shoring 2 can be erected along the face K by the erector boom 13 . The erector machine 1 is installed with the steel shoring 2 gripped by gripping means 16 . After placing the erector machine 1 at a predetermined position, it is desirable to secure the horizontality of the erector machine 1 by using an outrigger (not shown) or the like.

The irradiator adjustment step S3 is a step of adjusting the orientation of the circumferential laser irradiator 3 attached to the basket 14 (tip of the basket boom 17) of the erectamachine 1. FIG.
In the irradiator adjustment step S3, first, as shown in FIG. 5, the circumferential laser irradiator 3 is arranged at a position where the existing steel support 20 on which the reference nail is installed can be irradiated with the circumferential laser _L1 . (Temporary arrangement work S31). At this time, the circumferential laser irradiator 3 is arranged so as to be positioned at the center in the width direction of the tunnel at a position coinciding with the longitudinal position of the existing steel shoring 20 . Also, the base of the basket boom 17 is positioned at the rear of the main body 11 of the erector machine 1 . 5, illustration of the erector boom 13 holding the steel shoring 2 is omitted.

Next, an operation for adjusting the orientation of the circumferential laser irradiator 3 is performed (orientation adjustment operation S32). In the orientation adjustment work S32, the circumferential laser beam _L1 is irradiated from the circumferential laser irradiator 3 to the existing steel shoring structure 20, and the irradiated circumferential laser beam _L1 is aligned with the existing steel shoring structure 20. Then, the direction of the circumferential laser irradiator 3 is adjusted. In the present embodiment, torsion is calibrated by irradiating a reference point fixed to the existing steel shoring 20 with the circumferential laser _L1 . Since the horizontality of the frame 41 on which the circumferential laser irradiator 3 is mounted is ensured, the elevation angle of the circumferential laser irradiator 3 mounted on the frame 41 is constant.

The irradiator placement step S4 is, as shown in FIG. 6, a step of arranging the circumferential laser irradiator 3 at a predetermined position.
In the irradiator arranging step S4, the circumferential laser irradiator 3 is arranged at a position where the basket boom 17 can irradiate the steel shoring construction location with laser light. In this embodiment, the basket boom 17 is slid forward on the main body 11 of the erector machine 1 by a predetermined length (two units in this embodiment) to horizontally move the circumferential laser irradiator 3 to a predetermined position. At this time, the angle and length of the basket boom 17 are fixed to the angle and length set in the irradiator adjustment step S3. 6, illustration of the erector boom 13 holding the steel shoring 2 is omitted.

The shoring erection step S5 is a step of erecting the steel shoring 2 by operating the erector (the erector boom 13 and the gripping means 16) of the erector machine 1, as shown in FIG.
The steel shoring 2 has a longitudinal position, based on the circumferential laser L ₁ irradiated by the circumferential laser irradiator 3 and the leg laser L ₂ irradiated toward the leg of the steel shoring 2. Erect while checking the crossing position, height, collapse, etc. Then, the arch-shaped steel shoring 2 is assembled by combining the pair of left and right support members 22, 22 gripped by the gripping means 16 (see FIG. 1(b)). The pair of support members 22 , 22 are bolted together with their tops facing each other while being supported by the erector boom 13 . When joining the support members 22 together, as shown in FIG. 8(a), the shaft portion of the retaining bolt 25 attached to the joint plate 23 of one of the support members 22 is shown in FIG. 8(b). As shown in FIG. The retaining bolt 25 of the present embodiment has a locking mechanism 26 for retaining. When the retaining bolt 25 is inserted into the other joint plate 23, the locking mechanism 26 is activated as shown in FIG. 8(c). The supporting members 22 are connected to each other by being locked by the other joint plate 23 . The fasteners used for joining the support members 22 together are not limited to the detachment prevention bolts 25. For example, a bolt and a nut may be appropriately selected and used.

The shoring erection step S5 will be described in more detail. In the shoring erection step S5, first, the circumferential laser irradiator 3 irradiates the circumferential laser _L1 toward the erected location of the steel shoring 2 (circumferential laser irradiation work S51). In addition, a laser beam (leg laser L 2 ) is irradiated toward the planned installation position of the leg of the steel shoring 2 (place where the reflective tape ₅ is installed) (leg laser irradiation work S52). The leg laser L ₂ is emitted from the transit 6 installed behind the erecta machine 1 . The transit 6 of this embodiment is installed on a bracket 61 fixed to the existing steel shoring 20 behind the erector machine 1 . The transit 6 does not necessarily have to be fixed to the existing steel shoring 20, and may be installed at an arbitrary position using a tripod or the like.

Next, while confirming the position in the longitudinal direction by the circumferential laser _L1 and confirming the position in the transverse direction and the height position by the leg laser _L2 , the steel shoring 2 is erected (installation work S53). The operator adjusts the position and orientation of the steel shoring 2 while checking the leg laser _L2 reflected by the reflective tape 5 attached to the leg of the steel shoring 2 . After the positioning of the steel shoring 2 is completed, the legs of the steel shoring 2 are fixed as necessary.
After erecting the steel shoring 2 at a predetermined position, the erector machine 1 (the erector boom 13 and the gripping means 16) supports the steel shoring 2, and shotcrete 21 is applied to the tunnel wall surface. In addition, a wire mesh may be installed on the wall surface as necessary.

As described above, according to the steel shoring erecting method of the present embodiment, the steel shoring 2 is positioned using the circumferential laser _L1 and the leg laser _L2 as marks, so workability is excellent. Therefore, the work time can be shortened compared to the conventional erection method in which surveying, calculation, and movement of the steel shoring 2 are repeated. Moreover, it is economical because there is no need to use the erecta machine 1 having special functions.
Since the circumferential laser _L1 is a line laser irradiated to indicate the tunnel cross section, it functions as a guide for the vertical surface of the steel support 2 . Therefore, it is easy to adjust the pitching of the steel shoring 2 . In addition, since the circumferential direction laser _L1 is irradiated at the erected position of the steel shoring 2, it is easy to grasp the position in the longitudinal direction.
Further, the operator of the erector machine 1 can operate the erector machine 1 while confirming the light reflection of the leg laser _L2 (the leg laser _L2 reflected by the reflector) from a distant position. Since the reflective tape 5 is fixed by the magnet 52, it can be easily attached and detached.

In addition, since the operator operates the erector machine 1 while confirming the position of the steel shoring ₂ based on the circumferential laser _L1 and the leg laser L2, the workability is excellent and the cost is low. reduction can be achieved. That is, in the conventional construction method in which surveying is performed using a ruler, it is necessary to allocate a worker to install the ruler. It can be carried out. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the number of personnel and ensure safety by not approaching the face. In addition, since it is sufficient to move the steel shoring 2 while confirming the positions of the circumferential laser _L1 and the leg laser _L2 , positioning can be performed by repeating surveying, error calculation, and movement of the steel shoring 2. It has excellent workability compared to the conventional construction method that performs Further, when the steel shoring 2 is repeatedly moved based on the survey results, the positioning of the steel shoring 2 is difficult to converge. Positioning is easy because the position of the steel shoring ₂ is adjusted based on the laser _L1 and the leg laser L2.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and each of the constituent elements described above can be modified as appropriate without departing from the scope of the present invention.
In the above embodiment, the case where the circumferential laser irradiator 3 is suspended under the basket 14 has been described, but the installation location of the circumferential laser irradiator 3 is not limited. For example, it may be attached to a portion of the basket boom 17 other than the basket 14 , or may be attached to a boom other than the basket boom 17 such as the erector boom 13 .
If the operator or the like can directly see the leg laser _L2 irradiated to the leg of the steel shoring 2, there is no need to install a reflector on the leg of the steel shoring 2.
Also, the configuration of the erector machine 1 is not limited. For example, the number of erector booms 13 and baskets 14 is not limited to two. Also, the basket boom 17 does not necessarily have to be movable on the body portion 11 . When the basket boom 17 does not move in the longitudinal direction on the main body 11 , the expansion and contraction of the basket boom 17 positions the circumferential laser irradiator 3 .

1 erector machine 11 main body 12 traveling part 13 erector boom 14 basket 15 cockpit 16 grasping means 17 basket boom 2 steel shoring 3 circumferential laser irradiator 4 mount 5 reflective tape (reflective material)
S1 Preparation process S2 Machine installation process S3 Irradiator adjustment process S31 Temporary placement work S32 Orientation adjustment work S4 Irradiator placement process S5 Shoring installation process S51 Circumferential laser irradiation work S52 Leg laser irradiation work S53 Installation work

Claims (3)

A machine installation process for installing the erecta machine at a predetermined position in the tunnel;
an irradiator adjustment step of adjusting the orientation of a circumferential laser irradiator attached to the boom of the erector machine;
an irradiator placement step of arranging the circumferential laser irradiator at a predetermined position;
A steel shoring erecting method comprising a shoring erecting step of operating the erector machine to erect a steel shoring,
In the irradiator adjustment step, the operation of arranging the circumferential laser irradiator at a position where the circumferential laser can be irradiated toward the reference point provided on the tunnel side of the face; irradiating a circumferential laser toward and adjusting the orientation of the circumferential laser irradiator,
In the irradiator arranging step, the circumferential laser irradiator is arranged at a position where the circumferential laser irradiator can be irradiated to the steel shoring installation location,
In the shoring erection step, the circumferential laser irradiator irradiates the steel shoring erection site with a circumferential laser, and the steel shoring erection work is performed at the steel shoring erection site. In that case, the operation of irradiating a laser beam toward the position that will be the leg of the steel shoring, and while confirming the position in the longitudinal direction with the circumferential laser and the position in the transverse direction with the laser beam A method of erecting a steel shoring, comprising the steps of erecting the steel shoring. The steel shoring erecting method according to claim 1, characterized in that said circumferential laser is a line laser. 3. The position adjustment of the steel shoring according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the position of the steel shoring is adjusted while checking the laser beam reflected by a reflector attached to the leg of the steel shoring. Steel shoring erection method.

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