JP7233333B2 - 焼結体の製造方法 - Google Patents
焼結体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7233333B2 JP7233333B2 JP2019139564A JP2019139564A JP7233333B2 JP 7233333 B2 JP7233333 B2 JP 7233333B2 JP 2019139564 A JP2019139564 A JP 2019139564A JP 2019139564 A JP2019139564 A JP 2019139564A JP 7233333 B2 JP7233333 B2 JP 7233333B2
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Description
平均粒径が0.1μm以上5μm以下の範囲でありLiとLaとZrと少なくとも含むガーネット型酸化物の母材粉末と水酸化リチウムとを混合して得られた粉末を焼成して未焼結の前駆体粉末を合成する前駆体製造工程と、
前記前駆体粉末をそのまま成形するか、又は前記前駆体粉末に造孔材を添加して成形し、得られた成形体を900℃以下の温度で焼結させ空隙を8体積%以上有する焼結体を得る成形焼結工程と、
を含むものである。
平均粒径が0.1μm以上5μm以下の範囲でありLiとLaとZrと少なくとも含むガーネット型酸化物の母材粒子を含み、
空隙を8体積%以上有し、
25℃でのイオン伝導度が1.0×10-5S/cm以上であるものである。
本開示の焼結体の製造方法は、未焼結の前駆体粉末を合成する前駆体製造工程と、前駆体粉末を成形した成形体を焼結させ焼結体を得る成形焼結工程と、を含む。
本開示の焼結体は、上述した焼結体の製造方法によって作製されたものである。この焼結体は、平均粒径が0.1μm以上5μm以下の範囲でありLiとLaとZrと少なくとも含むガーネット型酸化物の母材粒子を含み、空隙を8体積%以上有し、25℃でのイオン伝導度が1.0×10-5S/cm以上であるものである。母材粒子は、基本組成がLi7.0+x-y(La3-x,Ax)(Zr2-y,Ty)O12である。但し、AはSr、Caのうち1種以上であり、TはNb、Taのうち1種以上であり、0<x≦1.0、0<y<0.75を満たすものである。あるいは、母材粒子は、基本組成(Li7-3z+x-yMz)(La3-xAx)(Zr2-yTy)O12や、(Li7-3z+x-yMz)(La3-xAx)(Y2-yTy)O12で表されるガーネット型酸化物であるものとしてもよい。但し、式中、元素MはAl,Gaのうち1以上、元素AはCa,Srのうち1以上、TはNb,Taのうち1以上であり、0≦z≦0.2、0≦x≦0.2、0≦y≦2であるものとしてもよい。この基本組成式において、0.05≦z≦0.1を満たすことがより好ましい。この基本組成式において、0.05≦x≦0.1を満たすことがより好ましい。また、この基本組成式において、0.1≦y≦0.8を満たすことがより好ましい。
粉末状試薬として、LiOH(ALDRICH製)、La(OH)3、Ca(OH)2、ZrO2、Nb2O5(いずれも高純度化学製)を用い、母材組成がLi6.8(La2.95Ca0.05)(Zr1.75Nb0.25)O12となるようにこれらを秤量し、湿式ボールミルで粉砕、混合、乾燥した。湿式ボールミルは、80mLジルコニアポット、1mmfジルコニアボールを用い、溶媒をエタノールとし、1時間、回転数700rpmで行った。乾燥は80℃で行った。その後、大気中で仮焼成を行い、母材粉末としてのガーネット型酸化物であるLLZ-CaNb粉末を得た。仮焼成は、700℃、48時間、アルミナるつぼを使用して行った。このLLZ-CaNb粉末にLiOHを追添加して同様の混合粉砕工程を経たのちに700℃、10時間の条件で2回目の仮焼成を行い、得られた微粉末を未焼結の前駆体粉末(LLZ-CaNb-LiOH粉末)とした。LiOHの添加量は、LLZ-CaNbのリチウム数Lgに対するLiOHのリチウム数Lhの比Lh/Lgが0.1以上0.4以下の範囲とした。
得られた粉末を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で観察した。図2は、LLZ-CaNb微粉末のSEM写真であり、図2AがLh/Lgが0.1の前駆体粉末、図2BがLh/Lgが0.2の前駆体粉末である。図2に示すように、平均粒径が0.5μm(図2A)、0.5μm(図2B)であり、Lh/Lgに依存せずにサブミクロンサイズの微粒粉末が得られることを確認した。また、Lh/Lgが0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4とした前駆体粉末のX線回折測定を行った。X線回折測定は、リガク社製のXRD装置smart-Labを使用し、Cu管球で、2θ=10°~80°の範囲で、5°/分の速度で行った。図3は、前駆体粉末のX線回折測定結果である。図3に示すように、主相であるガーネット構造(立方晶)からのピークの他に、LiOH添加量が増えるにしたがい、Li2CO3のピークが明瞭に現れることが確認された。これは、前駆体粉末を焼成した際にLiOHがLi2Oとなり、大気中の二酸化炭素を吸収して生成したものと推察された。また、LiOH添加量が「0」の場合はLa2Zr2O7に帰属されるピークが見られており、LiOH添加量は、Lh/Lgが0.05以上が好ましく、0.1以上がより好ましいと判断した。
上述のように、母材に添加したLiOHは前駆体の焼成工程を経て、大気中では炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)として存在するものと推察された。この炭酸リチウムは、母材粉末の表面に微粉末として付着する形態で存在するものと推察された。この炭酸リチウムは、成形体の焼結温度ではCO2を放出しLi2Oへと変化することから、このLi2Oの存在によって、母材粉末であるLLZ-CaNbの粒子間のネック成長が促進されることが期待される。ここでは、LiOHの添加量を変えた前駆体粉末を用いて焼結体を作製し、その特性を評価した。母材粉末と、焼結助剤としてのLi3BO3(LBO)、γ-Al2O3とを添加した原料粉末をペレット状に成形し、焼結体を得た。原料の配合比は、母材粉末1molに対するγ-Al2O3の添加量を0.1molとし、母材粉末とLBOとを足し合せた体積に対するLBOの体積分率を10体積%とした。ペレットの焼結は、835℃、48時間とした。前駆体粉末のLiOHの添加量として、Lh/Lgが0、0.1、0.15、0.2、0.3、0.4としたものをそれぞれ実験例1~6の焼結体とした。図4は、LiOHの添加量と焼結体に含まれる各相の体積分率との関係図である。各相の体積分率は、焼結体の見掛けの密度と焼結体作製時の仕込み組成から得た。図4に示すように、LiOH添加量の増大、即ちLi2CO3の増大に反比例するように空隙の体積分率は低下した。図4に示すように、LiOHの添加によって、焼結体中の空隙量(欠陥量)を低減することが成立していると確認することができた。
LiOH添加量Lh/Lgが0.1の前駆体粉末について、焼結温度を変更して焼結体を作製した。焼結条件は、835℃48時間と、915℃12時間とした。その焼結体の断面をSEM観察した。図7は、前駆体粉末を焼結した焼結体の焼結温度の検討結果であり、図7Aが835℃焼結体であり、図7Bが915℃焼結体である。図7に示すように、915℃の焼結では著しく粒子の粗大化が生じていた。温度を上げれば焼結は促進されるが、結晶粒も著しく粗大化するため多孔化には不適である。一方、焼結温度が835℃では、焼結時間を48時間と長い時間保持しても粒成長は抑制され、焼結後も粒径を1~2μm程度に保つことができており、良好な母材の微粒組織の保持を満たしている。また、800℃未満での焼結では、ネック成長が不足しており、添加したAl2O3も未反応で残る場合があることから、前駆体粉末の焼結温度は、800℃以上900℃以下が最適であると推察された。
焼結後の微粒条件を検討したLLZ-CaNb粉末を用いて多孔体の作製を試みた。粒径が0.5~1.0μmの前駆体粉末と、粒径5μmのアクリル造孔材粉末とを用いた。前駆体粉末は、LLZ-CaNb粉末にLiOH添加量Lh/Lgが0.1である微粉末を用いた。母材(LLZ-CaNb)の1molに対するγ-Al2O3の添加量は0.1mol、母材とLi3BO3とを足し合せた体積に対するLi3BO3の体積分率は10体積%とした。造孔材の体積割合は45体積%として、図8に示す手順で多孔体を作製した。図8は、造孔材を用いた焼結体の作製工程のスキームである。この作製工程は、LLZ-CaNb微粉末にLiOHを添加して焼成した前駆体粉末と、焼結助剤のγ-Al2O3及びLi3BO3と、アクリル造孔材とを、Ar雰囲気のグローブボックス内で乳鉢混合し、直径11.0mm、1mm厚で一軸成形を行い、昇温速度1℃/分で昇温し、835℃、48時間保持して実験例7の焼結多孔体を得た。得られた焼結多孔体は、表面研磨してSEM観察し、X線回折測定、インピーダンス測定(25,60℃)、密度測定を行った。密度は、焼結体の質量を電子天秤を用いて測定し、体積をマイクロメータを用いて測定し、測定した質量を体積で除して得た。
Claims (7)
- 平均粒径が0.1μm以上5μm以下の範囲でありLiとLaとZrとを少なくとも含むガーネット型酸化物の母材粉末と水酸化リチウムとを混合して得られた粉末を焼成して未焼結の前駆体粉末を合成する前駆体製造工程と、
前記前駆体粉末をそのまま成形するか、又は前記前駆体粉末に造孔材を添加して成形し、得られた成形体を900℃以下の温度で焼結させ空隙を8体積%以上有する焼結体を得る成形焼結工程と、を含み、
前記前駆体製造工程では、基本組成がLi7.0+x-y(La3-x,Ax)(Zr2-y,Ty)O12(但し、AはSr、Caのうち1種以上であり、TはNb、Taのうち1種以上であり、0<x≦1.0、0<y<0.75を満たす)である前記母材粉末を用い、
前記成形焼結工程では、更にホウ酸リチウムを添加して成形する、焼結体の製造方法。 - 前記前駆体製造工程では、前記ガーネット型酸化物のリチウム数Lgに対する前記水酸化リチウムのリチウム数Lhの比Lh/Lgが0.05以上0.35以下の範囲で前記水酸化リチウムを混合する、請求項1に記載の焼結体の製造方法。
- 前記前駆体製造工程では、混合した粉体を650℃以上800℃以下の温度で焼成する、請求項1又は2に記載の焼結体の製造方法。
- 前記成形焼結工程では、前記成形体を800℃以上900℃以下の温度で焼結する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の焼結体の製造方法。
- 前記成形焼結工程では、前記前駆体粉末に造孔材を添加して成形及び焼結し、空隙を10体積%以上50体積%以下の範囲で有し、25℃でのイオン伝導度が1.0×10-4S/cm以上である焼結体を得る、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の焼結体の製造方法。
- 前記成形焼結工程では、前記前駆体粉末に造孔材を添加せずに成形及び焼結し、空隙を20体積%以下の範囲で有し、25℃でのイオン伝導度が1.0×10-5S/cm以上である焼結体を得る、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の焼結体の製造方法。
- 前記成形焼結工程では、前記ガーネット型酸化物の1molに対して酸化アルミニウムを0.08mol以上0.12mol以下の範囲で含む焼結体を得る、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の焼結体の製造方法。
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| WO2008059987A1 (fr) | 2006-11-14 | 2008-05-22 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Structure d'électrolyte solide pour un accumulateur entièrement électronique, accumulateur entièrement électronique et leurs procédés de production |
| JP2015041573A (ja) | 2013-08-23 | 2015-03-02 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | ガーネット型イオン伝導性酸化物、複合体、リチウム二次電池、ガーネット型イオン伝導性酸化物の製造方法及び複合体の製造方法 |
| JP2015050071A (ja) | 2013-09-02 | 2015-03-16 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 固体電解質セラミックス材料 |
| JP2016535391A (ja) | 2013-10-07 | 2016-11-10 | クアンタムスケイプ コーポレイション | Li二次電池用のガーネット材料 |
| JP2016169142A (ja) | 2015-03-10 | 2016-09-23 | Tdk株式会社 | ガーネット型リチウムイオン伝導性酸化物及び全固体型リチウムイオン二次電池 |
| JP2017216222A (ja) | 2016-05-27 | 2017-12-07 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 酸化物電解質焼結体、及び、当該酸化物電解質焼結体の製造方法 |
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| US20210036361A1 (en) | 2021-02-04 |
| CN112299844A (zh) | 2021-02-02 |
| JP2021020836A (ja) | 2021-02-18 |
| US11594756B2 (en) | 2023-02-28 |
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