JP7256650B2

JP7256650B2 - Measuring units and generators

Info

Publication number: JP7256650B2
Application number: JP2019021164A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 寛奥村
Original assignee: NTN Corp
Current assignee: NTN Corp
Priority date: 2019-02-08
Filing date: 2019-02-08
Publication date: 2023-04-12
Anticipated expiration: 2039-02-08
Also published as: JP2020129881A

Description

この発明は、各種回転装置の振動等を検出する発電機能付きの測定ユニット、およびその発電装置に関する。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a measuring unit with a power generation function for detecting vibrations and the like of various rotating devices, and its power generation device.

鉄道車両や産業設備等において、軸受等の回転装置の状態診断等のために、振動を検出したい場合があるが、貨物列車や鉄鋼設備のコンベア装置等、振動センサの駆動やその測定結果の記録、送信等のための電源配線が行い難いことがある。そのため、発電機能を備えた測定ユニットが望まれる。
振動測定の場合では、振動が生じる環境下に振動素子が置かれることになるため、振動を利用した発電装置を測定ユニットに用いることができる。 In railway vehicles and industrial equipment, there are cases where it is desirable to detect vibration for the purpose of diagnosing the condition of rotating devices such as bearings. , power supply wiring for transmission, etc. may be difficult. Therefore, a measuring unit with a power generation function is desired.
In the case of vibration measurement, since the vibrating element is placed in an environment where vibration occurs, a power generation device using vibration can be used as the measurement unit.

特許文献１では、振動を利用した発電装置として、圧電素子を利用したものが提案されている。これは、圧電素子が非共振周波数で振動している場合の電気的エネルギーを効率良く利用して蓄える圧電素子型電源装置であり、圧電素子で得た電力を平滑用のコンデンサに一旦蓄え、電磁コイルを通して蓄電用のコンデンサに移しかえるように構成されている。
特許文献２では、機械振動により圧電素子で発生する電荷を、並列接続のダイオードと直列接続のダイオードとの組み合わせを用いてコンデンサに充電するようにすることで、エネルギー効率の良い発電回路とすることが提案されている。
特許文献３では、圧電素子での発電を昇圧させるために、コイルとスイッチを付加したものが提案されている。 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-200003 proposes a power generation device using a piezoelectric element as a power generation device using vibration. This is a piezoelectric element type power supply device that efficiently utilizes and stores electrical energy when the piezoelectric element vibrates at a non-resonant frequency. It is configured to be transferred to a capacitor for storage through a coil.
In Patent Document 2, a power generation circuit having good energy efficiency is provided by charging a capacitor with a capacitor using a combination of parallel-connected diodes and series-connected diodes with electric charges generated in a piezoelectric element due to mechanical vibration. is proposed.
Patent Document 3 proposes a device in which a coil and a switch are added in order to increase the voltage generated by the piezoelectric element.

特開平１１－３４１８３７号公報JP-A-11-341837 特開２０１４－１２８１６１号公報JP 2014-128161 A 特許第５８７１１２０号公報Japanese Patent No. 5871120

圧電素子による発電は、共振周波数で振動した場合は発電効率が高いが、一致しない振動では発電効率が低いという課題がある。特許文献１では、これの改善を図っている。しかし、前記平滑用のコンデンサに電荷がない場合に、前記蓄電用のコンデンサに充電できず、十分な発電効率を得ることができない。
また、圧電素子による発電は、外部からの振動印加時間が短く、発電できない時間が発生することがある。特許文献２は、この課題の改善を図ろうとしているが、今一つ、十分ではない。
また、特許文献１，３ではダイオードブリッジを用いて整流しているため、回路が複雑となり、小型化が難しい。しかも、特許文献１，３の技術では、スイッチ回路が必要となり、これによっても構成が複雑となる。 Power generation by a piezoelectric element has a problem that power generation efficiency is high when vibration occurs at the resonance frequency, but power generation efficiency is low when vibration does not match. Patent Document 1 attempts to improve this. However, when the smoothing capacitor has no electric charge, the storage capacitor cannot be charged, and sufficient power generation efficiency cannot be obtained.
In addition, in the case of power generation by a piezoelectric element, the time for which vibration is applied from the outside is short, and there may be times when power cannot be generated. Patent Document 2 attempts to improve this problem, but it is not sufficient.
Further, in Patent Documents 1 and 3, since the diode bridge is used for rectification, the circuit becomes complicated and miniaturization is difficult. Moreover, the techniques of Patent Documents 1 and 3 require a switch circuit, which also complicates the configuration.

この発明は、上記課題を解消するものであり、その目的は、発電効率に優れ、かつ構成が簡素な測定ユニットおよびその電源装置を提供することである。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a measuring unit and its power supply device which are excellent in power generation efficiency and have a simple configuration.

この発明の第一の発明に係る測定ユニットは、ケースと、このケースに設置されたセンサと、前記ケースに設置されて前記センサに電力を供給する電力発生手段とを備える測定ユニットであって、
前記電力発生手段が、振動が加わることで電力を発生する機能、および容量性素子としての性質を有し、
前記電力発生手段と誘導性素子とで構成される共振回路が設けられ、
前記電力発生手段と一体に振動する振動体の固有振動数の周波数帯と、前記共振回路の共振が発生する周波数帯とに重なる範囲がある、
ことを特徴とする。
前記誘導性素子は、例えばコイルである。
前記容量性素子は、例えばコンデンサである。 A measurement unit according to a first aspect of the present invention is a measurement unit comprising a case, a sensor installed in the case, and power generation means installed in the case for supplying power to the sensor,
The power generation means has a function of generating power when vibration is applied and a property of a capacitive element,
A resonant circuit comprising the power generation means and an inductive element is provided,
There is a range in which the frequency band of the natural frequency of the vibrating body that vibrates integrally with the power generating means and the frequency band in which the resonance of the resonant circuit occurs overlaps.
It is characterized by
Said inductive element is for example a coil.
The capacitive element is, for example, a capacitor.

この構成の作用を説明する。前記電力発生手段と一体に振動する振動体は、固有振動数で振動する場合に、振動源からの振動エネルギー減衰を最小限に出来る為、最も効率よく振動する。前記電力発生手段も、この電力発生手段を含む共振回路の共振周波数で共振すると、前記電力発生手段と前記誘導性素子の合成インピーダンスが、直列共振回路の場合は最小、並列共振回路の場合は最大となり、最も効率良く電力を負荷へ供給できる。そのため、前記振動体の固有振動数の周波数帯と、前記共振回路の共振が発生する周波数帯とに重なる範囲があり、機械的な共振と電気的な共振が共に生じることで、高効率で発電することができる。
すなわち、機械的な共振周波数となる固有振動数と一致する周波数で電気的にも共振させることで、共振周波数で得られる発電エネルギーの積み増しができる。また、外部振動が終わり機械的な振動が収束するまでの振動も、共振回路を利用して発電エネルギーの積み増しができる。
機械的な共振と電気的な共振の周波数を合わせることは、例えば誘導性素子のインダスタンスの選択等で済み、構成も簡素にできる。
なお、前記圧電素子が機械的な振動を行う前記振動体の固有振動数は、外部振動源の周波数に近くなるように機構設計すると、最も発電の効率が良くなる。
前記電力発生手段と一体に振動する振動体は、前記電力発生手段が前記ケースに固定されている場合は、前記ケースおよびこのケースに固定された前記電力発生手段や、前記共振回路を構成する素子や配線を含む物となり、前記電力発生手段が前記ケースに対して可動状態に設置されている場合は、前記ケースは含まず、前記電力発生手段を設置する可動台やこの可動台に固定された素子や配線を含む物からなる。 The action of this configuration will be described. The vibrating body that vibrates integrally with the electric power generating means vibrates most efficiently when vibrating at its natural frequency because it can minimize vibration energy attenuation from the vibration source. When the power generation means also resonates at the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit including the power generation means, the combined impedance of the power generation means and the inductive element is the minimum in the case of the series resonance circuit and the maximum in the case of the parallel resonance circuit. As a result, power can be supplied to the load most efficiently. Therefore, there is a range in which the frequency band of the natural frequency of the vibrating body and the frequency band in which the resonance of the resonance circuit occurs overlaps, and both mechanical resonance and electrical resonance occur, resulting in highly efficient power generation. can do.
That is, by electrically resonating at a frequency that matches the natural frequency, which is the mechanical resonance frequency, the generated energy obtained at the resonance frequency can be increased. In addition, the resonance circuit can be used to accumulate the generated energy for the vibration from the end of the external vibration to the convergence of the mechanical vibration.
Matching the frequencies of the mechanical resonance and the electrical resonance can be done by selecting the instance of the inductive element, for example, and the configuration can be simplified.
The efficiency of power generation is maximized when the mechanism is designed such that the natural frequency of the vibrating body in which the piezoelectric element mechanically vibrates is close to the frequency of the external vibration source.
When the power generating means is fixed to the case, the vibrating body that vibrates integrally with the power generating means includes the case, the power generating means fixed to the case, and elements constituting the resonance circuit. and wiring, and when the power generation means is installed in a movable state with respect to the case, the case is not included, and the movable base on which the power generation means is installed and the movable base fixed to this movable base Consists of objects including elements and wiring.

この発明の測定ユニットにおいて、
前記共振回路が、前記電力発生手段、前記誘導性素子、および第一のダイオードを有する第一の閉回路と、前記電力発生手段、前記誘導性素子、負荷回路、および第二のダイオードを有する第二の閉回路とを有する並列接続であって、
前記第一の閉回路４aに電流が流れた場合は、前記第二の閉回路の前記負荷回路に電流は流れず、
前記第二の閉回路４ｂに電流が流れた場合は前記第一のダイオードに電流が流れない構成であってもよい。 In the measuring unit of this invention,
The resonant circuit comprises a first closed circuit comprising the power generating means, the inductive element and a first diode, and a second closed circuit comprising the power generating means, the inductive element, a load circuit and a second diode. a parallel connection with two closed circuits,
When current flows through the first closed circuit 4a, no current flows through the load circuit of the second closed circuit,
A configuration may be adopted in which current does not flow through the first diode when current flows through the second closed circuit 4b.

この構成の場合、前記第一のダイオードと前記第二のダイオードの組み合わせで整流回路を構成し、交流電力を整流するので、交流電力の整流手段としてダイオードブリッジが不要であり、整流機能を有しながら構成が簡素化できる。 In this configuration, a rectifier circuit is formed by combining the first diode and the second diode, and AC power is rectified. configuration can be simplified.

この構成の場合に、前記第一の閉回路と前記第二の閉回路の並列回路の動作が前記共振回路４の共振周波数の周期の１／２の周期で動作をするようにしてもよい。 In the case of this configuration, the operation of the parallel circuit of the first closed circuit and the second closed circuit may be performed with a period of half the period of the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit 4 .

この発明において、前記電力発生手段が圧電素子であってもよい。
前記電力発生手段が圧電素子であると、簡素で軽量で全体をコンパクト化できる。 In this invention, the power generation means may be a piezoelectric element.
If the electric power generation means is a piezoelectric element, it is simple, lightweight, and compact.

この発明の第二の測定ユニットは、第一の測定ユニットにおいて、電力発生手段に誘導性素子としての性質を有する手段を用い、誘導性素子の代わりに容量性素子を用いたものである。
すなわち、発明の第二の測定ユニットは、ケースと、このケースに設置されたセンサと、前記ケースに設置されて前記センサに電力を供給する電力発生手段とを備える測定ユニットであって、
前記電力発生手段が、振動が加わることで電力を発生する機能、および誘導性素子としての性質を有し、
前記電力発生手段と容量性素子とで構成される共振回路が設けられ、
前記電力発生手段と一体に振動する振動体の固有振動数の周波数帯と、前記共振回路の共振が発生する周波数帯とに重なる範囲がある、
ことを特徴とする。
前記誘導性素子は、例えばスピーカーである。
前記容量性素子は、例えばコンデンサである。 A second measuring unit of the present invention is the same as the first measuring unit, except that the electric power generation means uses a means having properties as an inductive element, and a capacitive element is used instead of the inductive element.
That is, a second measuring unit of the invention is a measuring unit comprising a case, a sensor installed in the case, and power generating means installed in the case to supply power to the sensor,
The power generation means has a function of generating power when vibration is applied and a property of an inductive element,
A resonant circuit comprising the power generation means and a capacitive element is provided,
There is a range in which the frequency band of the natural frequency of the vibrating body that vibrates integrally with the power generating means and the frequency band in which the resonance of the resonant circuit occurs overlaps.
It is characterized by
The inductive element is, for example, a speaker.
The capacitive element is, for example, a capacitor.

第二の発明においても、前記電力発生手段と一体に振動する振動体は、固有振動数で振動する場合に、振動源からの振動エネルギー減衰を最小限に出来る為、最も効率よく振動する。前記電力発生手段も、この電力発生手段を含む共振回路の共振周波数で前記共振回路が共振すると、前記電力発生手段と前記容量性素子の合成インピーダンスが直列共振回路の場合は最小、並列共振回路の場合は最大となり、最も効率良く電力を負荷へ供給できる。そのため、前記振動体の固有振動数の周波数帯と、前記共振回路の共振が発生する周波数帯とに重なる範囲があり、機械的な共振と電気的な共振が共に生じることで、高効率で発電することができる。また、機械的な共振と電気的な共振の周波数を合わせればよく、例えば容量性素子のキャパシタンスの選択等で済み、構成も簡素にできる。
前記電力発生手段と一体に振動する振動体は、前記電力発生手段が前記ケースに設置されている場合は、前記ケースおよびこのケースに設置された前記電力発生手段や前記共振回路を構成する素子や配線を含む物となり、前記電力発生手段が前記ケースに対して可動状態に設置されている場合は、前記ケースは含まず、前記電力発生手段を設置する可動台やこの可動台に設置された素子や配線を含む物からなる。 Also in the second invention, the vibrating body that vibrates integrally with the electric power generating means vibrates most efficiently when it vibrates at its natural frequency because the vibration energy attenuation from the vibration source can be minimized. When the power generation means also resonates at the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit including the power generation means, the combined impedance of the power generation means and the capacitive element is minimum in the case of a series resonance circuit, and is the minimum in the case of a parallel resonance circuit. is the maximum, and power can be supplied to the load most efficiently. Therefore, there is a range in which the frequency band of the natural frequency of the vibrating body and the frequency band in which the resonance of the resonance circuit occurs overlaps, and both mechanical resonance and electrical resonance occur, resulting in highly efficient power generation. can do. Further, it is only necessary to match the frequencies of the mechanical resonance and the electrical resonance. For example, it is sufficient to select the capacitance of the capacitive element, and the configuration can be simplified.
When the power generating means is installed in the case, the vibrating body that vibrates integrally with the power generating means is the case, the power generating means installed in the case, the elements constituting the resonant circuit, and the vibrating body. When the power generation means is installed in a movable state with respect to the case, the case is not included, and the movable base on which the power generation means is installed and the elements installed on this movable base are included. and wiring.

第二の発明の測定ユニットにおいて、
前記共振回路が、前記電力発生手段、前記容量性素子、および第一のダイオードを有する第一の閉回路と、前記電力発生手段、前記容量性素子、負荷回路、および第二のダイオードを有する第二の閉回路とを有する並列接続であって、
前記第一の閉回路に電流が流れた場合は、前記第二の閉回路の前記負荷回路に電流は流れず、
前記第二の閉回路に電流が流れた場合は前記第一のダイオードに電流が流れない構成であってもよい。 In the measurement unit of the second invention,
The resonant circuit comprises a first closed circuit comprising the power generating means, the capacitive element and a first diode, and a second closed circuit comprising the power generating means, the capacitive element, a load circuit and a second diode. a parallel connection with two closed circuits,
When current flows through the first closed circuit, no current flows through the load circuit of the second closed circuit,
A configuration may be employed in which current does not flow through the first diode when current flows through the second closed circuit.

この構成の場合、前記第一のダイオードと前記第二のダイオードで、交流電力を整流するので、交流電力の整流手段としてダイオードブリッジが不要であり、構成が簡素化できる。 In the case of this configuration, since the AC power is rectified by the first diode and the second diode, a diode bridge is not required as AC power rectifying means, and the configuration can be simplified.

この構成の場合に、前記第一の閉回路と前記第二の閉回路の並列回路の動作が前記共振回路の共振周波数の周期の１／２の周期で動作をするようにしてもよい。 In the case of this configuration, the operation of the parallel circuit of the first closed circuit and the second closed circuit may be performed with a cycle that is half the cycle of the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit.

第二の発明の測定ユニットにおいて、前記電力発生手段がコイルと磁石を備える素子であってもよい。
コイルと磁石を備える素子からなる電力発生手段として、例えばスピーカーや電磁ソレノイドを用いることができる。電磁ソレノイドは、互いに可動となっている部位の間に振動が与えられることで、コイルから誘導電圧を発生する。また、コイルを有することで、誘導性素子としての性質を有する。電磁ソレノイドを用いることで、安価にこの発明を構成するための電力発生手段として用いることができる。 In the measurement unit of the second invention, the power generating means may be an element comprising a coil and a magnet.
A speaker or an electromagnetic solenoid, for example, can be used as the power generation means comprising an element including a coil and a magnet. An electromagnetic solenoid generates an induced voltage from a coil when vibration is applied between mutually movable parts. Moreover, by having a coil, it has properties as an inductive element. By using an electromagnetic solenoid, it can be used as a power generating means for constructing the present invention at a low cost.

第一の発明および第二の発明において、前記センサが振動センサであり、前記電力発生手段を前記ケースに設置する設置手段が、前記ケース固定されたばねと、このばねに固定された可動台とでなり、前記電力発生手段と一体に振動する振動体は、前記ケースを含まず前記可動台およびこの可動台上に固定された物からなり、前記振動体の固有振動数の周波数帯と、前記共振回路の共振が発生する周波数帯とに重なる範囲があるようにしてもよい。
前記センサが振動センサである場合に、測定周波数と共振周波数が異なるときは、前記ケースに前記電力発生手段を固定してもよいが、測定周波数と共振周波数が同じときは、共振が生じることで適切な振動検出が行えない。しかし、前記ばねを介して電力発生手段を設置することで、共振させても支障なく振動測定が行える。 In the first invention and the second invention, the sensor is a vibration sensor, and the installation means for installing the power generating means in the case is a spring fixed to the case and a movable table fixed to the spring. The vibrating body that vibrates integrally with the power generating means is composed of the movable base and an object fixed on the movable base without including the case, and the frequency band of the natural frequency of the vibrating body and the resonance There may be a range that overlaps with the frequency band in which circuit resonance occurs.
When the sensor is a vibration sensor, the power generating means may be fixed to the case when the measurement frequency and the resonance frequency are different, but when the measurement frequency and the resonance frequency are the same, resonance may occur. Appropriate vibration detection cannot be performed. However, by installing the electric power generating means via the spring, vibration measurement can be performed without any trouble even if the vibration is caused to resonate.

この発明の第一の発電装置は、ケースと、このケースに設置された電力発生手段とを備える発電装置であって、
前記電力発生手段が、振動が加わることで電力を発生する機能、および容量性素子としての性質を有し、
前記電力発生手段と誘導性素子とで構成される共振回路が設けられ、
前記電力発生手段と一体に振動する振動体の固有振動数の周波数帯と、前記共振回路の共振が発生する周波数帯とに重なる範囲がある、
ことを特徴とする。
この構成の場合に、この発明の第一の測定ユニットで説明したのと同様に、高効率で発電でき、かつ構成が簡素となる。 A first power generator of the present invention is a power generator comprising a case and power generation means installed in the case,
The power generation means has a function of generating power when vibration is applied and a property of a capacitive element,
A resonant circuit comprising the power generation means and an inductive element is provided,
There is a range in which the frequency band of the natural frequency of the vibrating body that vibrates integrally with the power generating means and the frequency band in which the resonance of the resonant circuit occurs overlaps.
It is characterized by
In the case of this configuration, similarly to the first measurement unit of the present invention, power can be generated with high efficiency and the configuration is simple.

この発明の第二の発電装置は、ケースと、このケースに設置された電力発生手段とを備える発電装置であって、
前記電力発生手段が、振動が加わることで電力を発生する機能、および誘導性素子としての性質を有し、
前記電力発生手段と容量性素子とで構成される共振回路が設けられ、
前記電力発生手段と一体に振動する振動体の固有振動数の周波数帯と、前記共振回路の共振が発生する周波数帯とに重なる範囲がある、
ことを特徴とする。
この構成の場合に、この発明の第一の測定ユニットで説明したと同様に、高効率で発電でき、かつ構成が簡素となる。 A second power generator of the present invention is a power generator comprising a case and power generation means installed in the case,
The power generation means has a function of generating power when vibration is applied and a property of an inductive element,
A resonant circuit comprising the power generation means and a capacitive element is provided,
There is a range in which the frequency band of the natural frequency of the vibrating body that vibrates integrally with the power generating means and the frequency band in which the resonance of the resonant circuit occurs overlaps.
It is characterized by
In the case of this configuration, similarly to the case of the first measurement unit of the present invention, power can be generated with high efficiency and the configuration is simple.

この発明の第一の測定ユニットは、ケースと、このケースに設置されたセンサと、前記ケースに設置されて前記センサに電力を供給する電力発生手段とを備える測定ユニットであって、前記電力発生手段が、振動が加わることで電力を発生する機能、および容量性素子としての性質を有し、前記電力発生手段と誘導性素子とで構成される共振回路が設けられ、前記電力発生手段と一体に振動する振動体の固有振動数の周波数帯と、前記共振回路の共振が発生する周波数帯とに重なる範囲があるため、発電効率に優れ、かつ構成が簡素にできる。 A first measuring unit of the present invention is a measuring unit comprising a case, a sensor installed in the case, and power generation means installed in the case for supplying power to the sensor, wherein the power generation The means has a function of generating electric power when vibration is applied and a property of a capacitive element, and is provided with a resonance circuit composed of the electric power generating means and an inductive element, and is integrated with the electric power generating means. Since there is a range in which the frequency band of the eigenfrequency of the vibrating body vibrates and the frequency band in which resonance of the resonance circuit occurs overlaps, power generation efficiency is excellent and the configuration can be simplified.

この発明の第二の測定ユニットは、ケースと、このケースに設置されたセンサと、前記ケースに設置されて前記センサに電力を供給する電力発生手段とを備える測定ユニットであって、前記電力発生手段が、振動が加わることで電力を発生する機能、および誘導性素子としての性質を有し、前記電力発生手段と容量性素子とで構成される共振回路が設けられ、前記電力発生手段と一体に振動する振動体の固有振動数の周波数帯と、前記共振回路の共振が発生する周波数帯とに重なる範囲があるため、発電効率に優れ、かつ構成が簡素にできる。 A second measuring unit of the present invention is a measuring unit comprising a case, a sensor installed in the case, and power generation means installed in the case for supplying power to the sensor, wherein the power generation The means has a function of generating electric power when vibration is applied and a property of an inductive element, and is provided with a resonance circuit composed of the electric power generating means and a capacitive element, and is integrated with the electric power generating means. Since there is a range in which the frequency band of the eigenfrequency of the vibrating body vibrates and the frequency band in which resonance of the resonance circuit occurs overlaps, power generation efficiency is excellent and the configuration can be simplified.

この発明の第一の発電装置は、ケースと、このケースに設置された電力発生手段とを備える発電装置であって、前記電力発生手段が、振動が加わることで電力を発生する機能、および容量性素子としての性質を有し、前記電力発生手段と誘導性素子とで構成される共振回路が設けられ、前記電力発生手段と一体に振動する振動体の固有振動数の周波数帯と、前記共振回路の共振が発生する周波数帯とに重なる範囲があるため、発電効率に優れ、かつ構成が簡素にできる。 A first power generator of the present invention is a power generator comprising a case and power generating means installed in the case, wherein the power generating means has a function of generating power when vibration is applied, and a capacity of the power generating means. a frequency band of a natural frequency of a vibrating body that vibrates integrally with the power generating means and the resonance Since there is a range that overlaps with the frequency band in which circuit resonance occurs, the power generation efficiency is excellent and the configuration can be simplified.

この発明の第二の発電装置は、ケースと、このケースに設置された電力発生手段とを備える発電装置であって、前記電力発生手段が、振動が加わることで電力を発生する機能、および誘導性素子としての性質を有し、前記電力発生手段と容量性素子とで構成される共振回路が設けられ、前記電力発生手段と一体に振動する振動体の固有振動数の周波数帯と、前記共振回路の共振が発生する周波数帯とに重なる範囲があるため、発電効率に優れ、かつ構成が簡素にできる。 A second power generator of the present invention is a power generator comprising a case and power generation means installed in the case, wherein the power generation means has a function of generating power when vibration is applied, and an induction A resonance circuit composed of the electric power generating means and a capacitive element is provided, and the frequency band of the natural frequency of the vibrating body that vibrates integrally with the electric power generating means and the resonance Since there is a range that overlaps with the frequency band in which circuit resonance occurs, the power generation efficiency is excellent and the configuration can be simplified.

この発明の一実施形態に係る測定ユニットを示す断面図である。It is a sectional view showing a measurement unit concerning one embodiment of this invention. 他の実施形態に係る測定ユニットを示す断面図である。FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a measurement unit according to another embodiment; 各実施形態に係る測定ユニットの設置例の説明図である。FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an installation example of a measurement unit according to each embodiment; 圧電素子のみの回路図の一例である。It is an example of a circuit diagram of only a piezoelectric element. 各実施形態に用いられる圧電素子で発電する並列共振型の共振回路の回路図である。1 is a circuit diagram of a parallel resonance type resonance circuit that generates power with a piezoelectric element used in each embodiment; FIG. 各実施形態に用いられる圧電素子で発電する直列共振型の共振回路の回路図である。1 is a circuit diagram of a series resonance type resonance circuit that generates power with a piezoelectric element used in each embodiment; FIG. 各実施形態に用いられる圧電素子で発電する並列共振型で整流手段を含む共振回路の回路図である。FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a parallel resonance type resonance circuit including rectifying means that generates power using a piezoelectric element used in each embodiment. 各実施形態に用いられる圧電素子で発電する直列共振型で整流手段を含む共振回路の回路図である。1 is a circuit diagram of a series resonance type resonance circuit including a rectifying means that generates power with a piezoelectric element used in each embodiment. FIG. 各実施形態に用いられる圧電素子で発電する直列共振型で並列コンデンサおよび整流手段を含む共振回路の回路図である。FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a series resonance type resonance circuit including a parallel capacitor and a rectifying means that generates power with a piezoelectric element used in each embodiment. 各実施形態に用いられる圧電素子で発電する直列共振型で直列コンデンサおよび整流手段を含む共振回路の回路図である。1 is a circuit diagram of a series resonance type resonance circuit including a series capacitor and a rectifying means that generates power with a piezoelectric element used in each embodiment. FIG. 各実施形態に用いられる圧電素子にＬＣＣ共振回路を追加した回路図である。It is a circuit diagram in which an LCC resonance circuit is added to the piezoelectric element used in each embodiment. 電力発生手段となるスピーカーのみの回路図の一例である。It is an example of a circuit diagram of only a speaker serving as power generation means. 各実施形態に用いられる誘導性素子型の電力発生手段で発電する並列共振型の共振回路の回路図である。1 is a circuit diagram of a parallel resonance type resonance circuit that generates power with an inductive element type power generating means used in each embodiment. FIG. 各実施形態に用いられる誘導性素子型の電力発生手段で発電する直列共振型の共振回路の回路図である。1 is a circuit diagram of a series resonance type resonance circuit that generates power with an inductive element type power generating means used in each embodiment. FIG. 各実施形態に用いられる誘導性素子型の電力発生手段で発電する並列共振型で整流手段を含む共振回路の回路図である。FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a parallel resonance type resonance circuit including rectifying means that generates power using inductive element type power generation means used in each embodiment. 各実施形態に用いられる誘導性素子型の電力発生手段で発電する直列共振型で整流手段を含む共振回路の回路図である。FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a series resonance type resonance circuit including a rectifying means that generates power with an inductive element type power generating means used in each embodiment. 各実施形態に用いられる誘導性素子型の電力発生手段で発電する並列共振型で直列コイルおよび整流手段を含む共振回路の回路図である。FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a parallel resonance type resonance circuit including a series coil and a rectifying means for generating power by an inductive element type power generating means used in each embodiment. 各実施形態に用いられる誘導性素子型の電力発生手段で発電する直列共振型で直列コイルおよび整流手段を含む共振回路の回路図である。1 is a circuit diagram of a series resonance type resonance circuit including a series coil and a rectifying means for generating power with an inductive element type power generating means used in each embodiment. FIG. 各実施形態に用いられる電力発生手段となる誘導性素子にＬＣＣ共振回路を追加した回路図である。It is a circuit diagram in which an LCC resonance circuit is added to an inductive element that serves as power generation means used in each embodiment. 図４の回路と図６の共振回路との出力電圧波形を比較して示すグラフである。7 is a graph showing a comparison of output voltage waveforms of the circuit of FIG. 4 and the resonant circuit of FIG. 6; 図４の回路と図６の共振回路との出力電圧波形を比較して示す他のグラフである。7 is another graph comparing the output voltage waveforms of the circuit of FIG. 4 and the resonant circuit of FIG. 6; 図４の回路と図５の共振回路との電圧波形を比較して示す他のグラフである。6 is another graph comparing voltage waveforms of the circuit of FIG. 4 and the resonant circuit of FIG. 5; 図７の共振回路の出力電圧の波形を、コイルＬ１の有無を比較して示すグラフである。8 is a graph showing waveforms of output voltages of the resonance circuit of FIG. 7 in comparison with and without a coil L1. 図８の共振回路の出力電圧の波形を、コイルＬ１の有無を比較して示すグラフである。9 is a graph showing waveforms of output voltages of the resonance circuit of FIG. 8 in comparison with and without a coil L1. 図１２、図１３の共振回路の出力電圧の波形をコンデンサＣ１の有無を比較して示すグラフである。14 is a graph showing waveforms of output voltages of the resonance circuits of FIGS. 12 and 13 in comparison with and without a capacitor C1. FIG. 図１２、図１４の共振回路の出力電圧の波形を比較して示すグラフである。FIG. 15 is a graph showing a comparison of output voltage waveforms of the resonant circuits of FIGS. 12 and 14; FIG. 図１５の共振回路の出力電圧の波形を、コンデンサＣ１の有無を比較して示すグラフである。16 is a graph showing waveforms of the output voltage of the resonance circuit of FIG. 15 in comparison with and without a capacitor C1. 図１６の共振回路の出力電圧の波形を、コンデンサＣ２の有無を比較して示すグラフである。17 is a graph showing waveforms of the output voltage of the resonance circuit of FIG. 16 in comparison with and without a capacitor C2.

この発明の実施形態を図面と共に説明する。図１は、この実施形態の測定ユニットを示す。この測定ユニット１０は、ケース１と、このケース１に設置されたセンサ２と、ケース１に設置されてセンサ２に電力を供給する電力発生手段３と、共振回路４とを備える。この測定ユニット１０における、センサ２を除くものが、発電装置２０を構成する。換言すれば、この測定ユニット１０は、センサ２と発電装置２０とで構成される。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows the measuring unit of this embodiment. The measurement unit 10 includes a case 1 , a sensor 2 installed in the case 1 , power generation means 3 installed in the case 1 for supplying power to the sensor 2 , and a resonance circuit 4 . A power generation device 20 is configured by excluding the sensor 2 in the measurement unit 10 . In other words, this measurement unit 10 is composed of the sensor 2 and the power generator 20 .

ケース１は、この例では鋼板製等のボックス形の金属ケースからなる。センサ２は、物理量を測定する素子であり、この例では振動センサが用いられ、ケース１の天板部１ａの下面に設置されている。センサ２は、振動を検出する素子に限らず、他の物理量を測定するもの、例えばアコースティックエミッションセンサや、音響センサ、温度センサ等であってもよい。また複数個設けられていてもよい。
電力発生手段３は、振動が加わることで電力を発生する機能を有する素子であり、ケース１の底板部１ｂの上面に設置されている。前記電力発生手段３は、振動が加わることで電力を発生する機能を有するものであればよく、後に図１５～図１９の例に示すようなスピーカーであってもよく、また電磁ソレノイド等であってもよいが、この例では圧電素子を用いている。 The case 1 is a box-shaped metal case made of steel plate or the like in this example. The sensor 2 is an element that measures a physical quantity, and in this example, a vibration sensor is used, and is installed on the bottom surface of the top plate portion 1a of the case 1 . The sensor 2 is not limited to an element that detects vibration, but may be an element that measures other physical quantities, such as an acoustic emission sensor, an acoustic sensor, or a temperature sensor. Moreover, you may provide more than one.
The electric power generating means 3 is an element having a function of generating electric power when vibration is applied, and is installed on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 1b of the case 1 . The power generation means 3 may be any device that has a function of generating power when vibration is applied, and may be a speaker as shown in FIGS. However, in this example, a piezoelectric element is used.

共振回路４は、前記圧電素子からなる電力発生手段３と誘導性素子で構成され、これらと負荷回路５とが回路基板上に実装されて共振回路基板６を構成する。電力発生手段３に圧電素子を用いた場合につき説明すると、圧電素子はキャパシタンスを持ち容量性素子としての性質を有しており、前記共振回路４は、電力発生手段３のキャパシタンスと前記共振回路４内のインダクタンスとによる直列または並列の共振回路として構成されて発振を行う。共振回路４は、負荷が低インピーダンスの場合は直列共振回路、高インピーダンスの場合は並列共振回路とされると共振周波数でＱ値が高くなるため、負荷回路５とセンサ２を含む負荷が低インピーダンスの場合は直列共振回路、高インピーダンスの場合は並列共振回路とすることが好ましい。共振回路基板６は、ケース１内の棚板部１ｃに設置されている。共振回路基板６と電力発生手段３とセンサ２とは、配線７で接続されている。 The resonance circuit 4 is composed of the electric power generation means 3 made of the piezoelectric element and the inductive element, and these and the load circuit 5 are mounted on the circuit board to form the resonance circuit board 6 . When a piezoelectric element is used as the power generating means 3, the piezoelectric element has capacitance and has the property of a capacitive element. It is configured as a series or parallel resonant circuit with an internal inductance to oscillate. The resonance circuit 4 is a series resonance circuit when the load has low impedance, and a parallel resonance circuit when the load has high impedance. It is preferable to use a series resonant circuit in the case of , and a parallel resonant circuit in the case of high impedance. The resonance circuit board 6 is installed on the shelf plate portion 1 c inside the case 1 . The resonant circuit board 6 , the power generating means 3 and the sensor 2 are connected by wiring 7 .

なお、この測定ユニット１０は、センサ２の測定信号を無線等で送信する通信手段（図示せず）や、前記測定信号の処理や記憶を行う回路（図示せず）を有していて、これらが前記共振回路基板６またはケース１に設置されていてもよい。この測定ユニット１０の寸法例を示すと、幅Ｗと高さＨが，共に１００mm程度とされている。 The measurement unit 10 has communication means (not shown) for transmitting the measurement signal of the sensor 2 by radio or the like, and a circuit (not shown) for processing and storing the measurement signal. may be installed on the resonant circuit board 6 or the case 1 . As an example of the dimensions of this measuring unit 10, both the width W and the height H are about 100 mm.

この測定ユニット１０は、電力発生手段３と一体に振動する振動体９の固有振動数の周波数帯と、前記共振回路４の共振が発生する周波数帯とに重なる範囲が生じるように調整されている。電力発生手段３と一体に振動する振動体９は、この実施形態では、ケース１、センサ２、電力発生手段３、および共振回路基板６の全てである。
前記固有振動数の周波数帯は、前記振動体９の固有振動数を中心に、前記振動体９が共振を生じる範囲の周波数帯である。前記共振回路４の共振が発生する周波数帯は、前記共振回路４の共振周波数を中心に、共振が発生する周波数の範囲である。前記振動体の固有振動数と、前記共振回路の共振周波数は、一致していることが好ましいが、機械的な共振と電気的な共振が共に生じる重なる範囲があればよい。 The measuring unit 10 is adjusted so that the frequency band of the natural frequency of the vibrating body 9 vibrating integrally with the power generating means 3 overlaps with the frequency band in which the resonance circuit 4 resonates. . In this embodiment, the vibrating body 9 that vibrates together with the power generation means 3 is all of the case 1, the sensor 2, the power generation means 3, and the resonance circuit board 6. FIG.
The frequency band of the natural frequency is a frequency band in which the vibrating body 9 resonates around the natural frequency of the vibrating body 9 . The frequency band in which resonance of the resonance circuit 4 occurs is a frequency range in which resonance occurs, centering on the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit 4 . The natural frequency of the vibrator and the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit are preferably the same, but it is sufficient if there is an overlapping range in which both mechanical resonance and electrical resonance occur.

前記調整は、例えば次のいずれかの方法で行われる。
・ケース１を含めた質量の増減による測定ユニット１０の固有振動数の増減。
・圧電素子からなる電力発生手段３の品番選択によるキャパシタンスの増減。
・電力発生手段３の複数を並列/ 直列に追加することで、発電電力を増加させる。
この場合、単純に電力発生手段３だけ追加するか、共振回路４内のコイルとセットで追加するかで回路構成が変わる。 The adjustment is performed, for example, by one of the following methods.
・Increase/decrease in the natural frequency of the measurement unit 10 due to increase/decrease in mass including the case 1 .
・The capacitance is increased or decreased by selecting the product number of the power generation means 3 made up of a piezoelectric element.
- By adding a plurality of power generation means 3 in parallel/series, the generated power is increased.
In this case, the circuit configuration changes depending on whether only the power generation means 3 is simply added or whether the coil and the coil in the resonance circuit 4 are added as a set.

図１の実施形態は、電力発生手段３をケース１に直接に固定した場合に、この測定ユニット１０による測定周波数と固有振動数とが異なる場合に適用される例である。
図１の例のように電力発生手段３をケース１に直接に固定した場合に測定ユニット１０による測定周波数と固有振動数とが重なる場合は、図２に示すように電力発生手段３を設置する。 The embodiment of FIG. 1 is an example applied when the power generating means 3 is directly fixed to the case 1 and the frequency measured by the measuring unit 10 is different from the natural frequency.
If the frequency measured by the measuring unit 10 overlaps the natural frequency when the power generation means 3 is directly fixed to the case 1 as in the example of FIG. 1, the power generation means 3 is installed as shown in FIG. .

図２の実施形態では、電力発生手段３をケース１に設置する設置手段８が、ケース１に下端が固定されたばね８ａと、このばね８ａに固定された可動台８ｂとでなる。この場合、電力発生手段３と一体に振動する振動体９Ａは、可動台８ｂ、電力発生手段３からなる。この振動体９Ａの固有振動数の周波数帯と、前記共振回路の共振が発生する周波数帯とに重なる範囲が生じるようになされている。 In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the installation means 8 for installing the power generation means 3 in the case 1 consists of a spring 8a fixed at the lower end to the case 1 and a movable base 8b fixed to the spring 8a. In this case, the vibrating body 9A that vibrates integrally with the power generating means 3 is composed of the movable base 8b and the power generating means 3. As shown in FIG. A range is formed in which the frequency band of the natural frequency of the vibrating body 9A and the frequency band in which the resonance of the resonance circuit occurs overlap.

図３は、この実施形態の測定ユニット１０の設置列を示す。この例では、鉄道車両の車体１０１を支持する車台１０２に備えられた車軸用軸箱１０３の下面に、測定ユニット１０が固定されている。 FIG. 3 shows an installation row of measuring units 10 of this embodiment. In this example, the measurement unit 10 is fixed to the lower surface of an axle box 103 provided on a chassis 102 that supports a vehicle body 101 of a railway vehicle.

この構成の作用を説明する。電力発生手段３として圧電素子が使われるが、圧電素子には機械的な共振周波数があり、特にその周波数において発電効率が高い。また、その発電電圧は交流であり、圧電素子からなる電力発生手段３をコンデンサと見た場合、コイルを組み合わせることで、電気的な共振回路を組むことができ、更に発電効率を向上させることが可能である。
具体的に説明すると、電力発生手段３と一体に振動する振動体９は、固有振動数で振動する場合に、振動源からの振動エネルギー減衰を最小限に出来る為、最も効率よく振動する。電力発生手段３も、この電力発生手段３を含む共振回路４の共振周波数で共振回路４が共振すると、前記電力発生手段３と共振回路４内の誘導性素子の合成インピーダンスが直列共振回路の場合は最小、並列共振回路の場合は最大となり、最も効率良く電力を負荷へ供給できる。
そのため、前記振動体９の固有振動数の周波数帯と、共振回路４の共振が発生する周波数帯とに重なる範囲があり、機械的な共振と電気的な共振が共に生じることで、高効率で発電することができる。また、機械的な共振と電気的な共振の周波数を合わせればよく、例えば前述のように共振回路４内の誘導性素子のインダクタンスの選択等で済み、構成も簡素にできる。なお、前記電力発生手段３が機械的な振動を行う前記振動体９の固有振動数は、外部振動源の周波数に近くなるように機構設計すると、最も発電の効率が良くなる。前記外部振動源が図３の列車の車台１０２における主軸用軸箱１０３である場合は、例えば列車が定速走行する場合に生じる主軸用軸箱１０３の振動周波数に前記振動体９の固有振動数が近くなるように設計することが好ましい。 The action of this configuration will be described. A piezoelectric element is used as the power generation means 3, and the piezoelectric element has a mechanical resonance frequency, and the power generation efficiency is particularly high at that frequency. In addition, the generated voltage is alternating current, and when the power generation means 3 made up of piezoelectric elements is viewed as a capacitor, an electrical resonance circuit can be formed by combining coils, and the power generation efficiency can be further improved. It is possible.
More specifically, the vibrating body 9 that vibrates integrally with the power generating means 3 vibrates most efficiently when it vibrates at its natural frequency because it can minimize the attenuation of the vibration energy from the vibration source. When the resonance circuit 4 resonates at the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit 4 including the power generation means 3, the combined impedance of the power generation means 3 and the inductive elements in the resonance circuit 4 is a series resonance circuit. is the minimum, and in the case of a parallel resonant circuit, it is the maximum, and power can be supplied to the load most efficiently.
Therefore, there is a range in which the frequency band of the natural frequency of the vibrating body 9 and the frequency band in which the resonance of the resonance circuit 4 occurs overlaps. It can generate electricity. In addition, the frequency of mechanical resonance and electrical resonance can be matched, for example, selection of the inductance of the inductive element in the resonance circuit 4 as described above, etc., and the configuration can be simplified. The efficiency of power generation is maximized when the mechanism is designed such that the natural frequency of the vibrator 9, which causes the power generation means 3 to mechanically vibrate, is close to the frequency of the external vibration source. When the external vibration source is the main shaft axle box 103 in the train chassis 102 of FIG. should be designed to be close to each other.

この実施形態の測定ユニット１０は、前記従来の各列と比較すると、特許文献１の開示技術では平滑用コンデンサに電荷が無い場合、蓄電用コンデンサに充電できないが、この実施形態では、例えば後述の(直列)共振回路を利用する場合、電力発生手段３の電荷を直接使うので、圧電素子３が振動すればすぐに充電できる。
また、特許文献２の開示技術では機械振動により圧電素子に発生する電荷をコンデンサに充電するのに対し、この実施形態では、コイルの追加による共振回路４を構成し、負荷回路３０とインピーダンスをマッチングさせることで、より多くの電荷を充電できる。
さらに、特許文献３の開示技術では圧電素子での発電を昇圧させるためにコイルとスイッチを付加しダイオードドブリッジで全波整流しているが、この実施形態では、後述の共振回路４の具体例のように圧電素子からなる電力発生手段３の極性反転とダイオードを組み合わせて整流することで、整流のための構成が簡素化される。 In the measurement unit 10 of this embodiment, when compared with the conventional columns, the storage capacitor cannot be charged when there is no charge in the smoothing capacitor in the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1. However, in this embodiment, for example, When a (series) resonant circuit is used, the electric charge of the electric power generation means 3 is directly used, so that when the piezoelectric element 3 vibrates, it can be charged immediately.
In addition, in the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2, the charge generated in the piezoelectric element due to mechanical vibration is charged in the capacitor, whereas in this embodiment, the resonance circuit 4 is configured by adding a coil, and the impedance is matched with the load circuit 30. By doing so, more charge can be charged.
Furthermore, in the technique disclosed in Patent Document 3, a coil and a switch are added to boost the power generated by the piezoelectric element, and full-wave rectification is performed by a diode bridge. The configuration for rectification is simplified by combining the polarity reversal of the power generation means 3 made up of a piezoelectric element and the diode as shown in FIG.

次に、前記共振回路４の具体例を、図４～図１１と共に説明する。図４は参考となる回路図を、図５～図１１は実施形態に用いる共振回路４を示す。
図４は、圧電素子からなる電力発生手段３のみを負荷回路３０に接続した例を示す。電力発生手段３となる圧電素子は、回路図において符号「ＰＺ１」で示している。電力発生手段３を正側配線３１および負側配線３２の端子３１ａ，３２ａを介して負荷回路３０に接続している。負荷回路３０の等価抵抗となる負荷抵抗をＺ１で示す。負荷回路３０は、例えばセンサ２（図１）や負荷回路５である。 Next, specific examples of the resonance circuit 4 will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 11. FIG. FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram for reference, and FIGS. 5 to 11 show resonance circuits 4 used in the embodiment.
FIG. 4 shows an example in which only the power generating means 3 made up of piezoelectric elements is connected to the load circuit 30 . A piezoelectric element serving as the power generating means 3 is indicated by the symbol "PZ1" in the circuit diagram. The electric power generating means 3 is connected to the load circuit 30 through the terminals 31 a and 32 a of the positive wiring 31 and the negative wiring 32 . A load resistance that is the equivalent resistance of the load circuit 30 is indicated by Z1. The load circuit 30 is the sensor 2 (FIG. 1) or the load circuit 5, for example.

図５の例は、図４の回路において、電力発生手段３と並列に誘導性素子であるコイルＬ１を接続して並列共振型の共振回路４が構成されている。圧電素子からなる電力発生手段３は、キャパシタンスを持ちコンデンサとしての性質を有するため、同図の回路は並列型の共振回路４となる。同図の例の場合、コイルＬ１のインダクタンスを適宜選択することで、共振回路４の共振周波数を、図１，図２の測定ユニット１０における振動体９，９Ａの固有振動数と一致させている。
このように機械的な共振と電気的な共振が共に生じるようにすることで、圧電素子からなる電力発生手段３をより高効率で発電させ、負荷回路３０となるセンサ２への給電を可能としている。 In the example of FIG. 5, in the circuit of FIG. 4, a parallel resonance type resonance circuit 4 is configured by connecting a coil L1, which is an inductive element, in parallel with the power generating means 3. In FIG. Since the electric power generating means 3 made up of a piezoelectric element has a capacitance and has the property of a capacitor, the circuit in the figure becomes a parallel resonance circuit 4 . In the case of the example of FIG. 1, by appropriately selecting the inductance of the coil L1, the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit 4 is matched with the natural frequency of the vibrators 9 and 9A in the measurement unit 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2. .
By allowing both mechanical resonance and electrical resonance to occur in this way, the electric power generating means 3 made up of piezoelectric elements can generate electric power with higher efficiency, and power can be supplied to the sensor 2 serving as the load circuit 30. there is

図６の例は、図４の回路において、圧電素子からなる電力発生手段３と直列に誘導性素子であるコイルＬ１を接続して直列共振型の共振回路４が構成されている。機械的な共振と電気的な共振が共に生じるようにすることは、図５～図１１、図１３～図１９の各例において同様である。 In the example of FIG. 6, in the circuit of FIG. 4, a series resonance type resonance circuit 4 is configured by connecting a coil L1, which is an inductive element, in series with the electric power generating means 3 made of a piezoelectric element. It is the same in each of the examples of FIGS. 5 to 11 and 13 to 19 to cause both mechanical resonance and electrical resonance.

図７の例は、図５の並列共振型の共振回路４において、ダイオードＤ２を設けて整流を行い、負荷回路３０となるセンサ２に給電を行っている。抵抗Ｚ１と並列に平滑用のコンデンサＣ３を設けている。共振回路４にダイオードＤ２を設けて整流を行う場合は、ダイオードＤ２の接合容量も加味して共振回路４のコイルＬ１のインダクタンス値を決める。 In the example of FIG. 7, in the parallel resonance type resonance circuit 4 of FIG. A smoothing capacitor C3 is provided in parallel with the resistor Z1. When the resonance circuit 4 is provided with the diode D2 for rectification, the inductance value of the coil L1 of the resonance circuit 4 is determined in consideration of the junction capacitance of the diode D2.

図８の例は、図６の直列共振型の共振回路４において、ダイオードＤ１，Ｄ２を設けて整流を行い、負荷回路３０となるセンサ２に給電を行っている。抵抗Ｚ１と並列に平滑用のコンデンサＣ３を設けている。
この構成の場合、２個のダイオードＤ１，Ｄ２での整流回路を構成しているため、整流用ダイオードブリッジが不要であり、回路構成が簡素化される。 In the example of FIG. 8, diodes D1 and D2 are provided in the series resonance type resonance circuit 4 of FIG. A smoothing capacitor C3 is provided in parallel with the resistor Z1.
In this configuration, since the rectifier circuit is composed of the two diodes D1 and D2, a diode bridge for rectification is not required and the circuit configuration is simplified.

図９の例は、図８の直列共振型の共振回路４において、さらに並列にコンデンサＣ１を追加している。
同図の共振回路４は、圧電素子からなる電力発生手段３、コイルＬ１、コンデンサＣ１、および第一のダイオードＤ１を有する第一の閉回路４ａと、電力発生手段３、コイルＬ１、コンデンサＣ１、負荷回路３０、および第二のダイオードＤ２を有する第二の閉回路４ｂとを有する並列接続となっている。
同図の共振回路４では、第一の閉回路４ａに電流が流れた場合は、第二の閉回路４ｂの負荷回路３０に電流は流れず、第二の閉回路４ｂに電流が流れた場合は第一のダイオードＤ１に電流が流れない。
この場合に、第一の閉回路４ａと第二の閉回路４ｂの直列回路の動作が、共振回路４の共振周波数の周期の１／２の周期で動作をするように、電力発生手段３、各コンデンサＣ２，Ｃ１のキャパシタンス、コイルＬ１のインダクタンスの関係が調整されている。 In the example of FIG. 9, a capacitor C1 is added in parallel to the series resonant circuit 4 of FIG.
The resonance circuit 4 shown in FIG. It is in parallel connection with a load circuit 30 and a second closed circuit 4b with a second diode D2.
In the resonance circuit 4 shown in the figure, when current flows through the first closed circuit 4a, no current flows through the load circuit 30 of the second closed circuit 4b, and when current flows through the second closed circuit 4b, no current flows through the first diode D1.
In this case, the electric power generating means 3 is arranged such that the series circuit of the first closed circuit 4a and the second closed circuit 4b operates with a period of half the period of the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit 4, The relationship between the capacitances of the capacitors C2 and C1 and the inductance of the coil L1 is adjusted.

この構成の場合、前記第一のダイオードＤ１と前記第二のダイオードＤ２で、交流電力を整流するので、交流電力の整流手段としてダイオードブリッジが不要であり、構成が簡素化できる。 In this configuration, since AC power is rectified by the first diode D1 and the second diode D2, a diode bridge is not required as AC power rectifying means, and the configuration can be simplified.

図１０の例は、図８の直列共振型の共振回路４において、コイルＬ１と直列にコンデンサＣ２を追加している。
同図の共振回路４は、圧電素子からなる電力発生手段３、コイルＬ１、コンデンサＣ２、および第一のダイオードＤ１を有する第一の閉回路４ａと、電力発生手段３、コイルＬ１、コンデンサＣ２、負荷回路３０、および第二のダイオードＤ２を有する第二の閉回路４ｂとを有する並列接続となっている。
同図の共振回路４では、第一の閉回路４ａに電流が流れた場合は、第二の閉回路４ｂの負荷回路３０に電流は流れず、第二の閉回路４ｂに電流が流れた場合は第一のダイオードＤ１に電流が流れない。 In the example of FIG. 10, a capacitor C2 is added in series with the coil L1 in the series resonance type resonance circuit 4 of FIG.
The resonance circuit 4 shown in FIG. It is in parallel connection with a load circuit 30 and a second closed circuit 4b with a second diode D2.
In the resonance circuit 4 shown in the figure, when current flows through the first closed circuit 4a, no current flows through the load circuit 30 of the second closed circuit 4b, and when current flows through the second closed circuit 4b, no current flows through the first diode D1.

図１１は、圧電素子からなる電力発生手段３に追加する共振回路４をＬＣＣ型とした例を示す。この例では、図８の直列共振型の共振回路４において、コイルＬ１と直列にコンデンサＣ２を追加し、さらに並列にコンデンサＣ１を追加している。 FIG. 11 shows an example in which the resonant circuit 4 added to the power generating means 3 made of piezoelectric elements is of the LCC type. In this example, in the series resonance type resonance circuit 4 of FIG. 8, a capacitor C2 is added in series with the coil L1, and a capacitor C1 is added in parallel.

図１２～図１９は、図１、図２に示した各実施形態において、電力発生手段３として、圧電素子の代わりに誘導性素子としての性質を有する手段、例えばスピーカーまたは電磁ソレノイドを用いた各例を示す。 FIGS. 12 to 19 show the power generation means 3 in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in place of the piezoelectric element, having the property of an inductive element, such as a speaker or an electromagnetic solenoid. Give an example.

図１２は、誘導性素子、換言すればコイルとしての性質を有する電力発生手段３のみを負荷回路３０に接続した例を示す。電力発生手段３は、回路図中においてコイルのマークと符号「ＳＰ１」で示している。電力発生手段３を正側配線３１および負側配線３２の端子３１ａ，３２ａを介して負荷回路３０に接続している。負荷回路３０の等価抵抗となる負荷抵抗をＺ１で示す。負荷回路３０は、例えばセンサ２（図１）や負荷回路５である。 FIG. 12 shows an example in which only an inductive element, in other words, an electric power generating means 3 having properties as a coil, is connected to a load circuit 30 . The electric power generating means 3 is indicated by a coil mark and the symbol "SP1" in the circuit diagram. The electric power generating means 3 is connected to the load circuit 30 through the terminals 31 a and 32 a of the positive wiring 31 and the negative wiring 32 . A load resistance that is the equivalent resistance of the load circuit 30 is indicated by Z1. The load circuit 30 is the sensor 2 (FIG. 1) or the load circuit 5, for example.

図１３の例は、図１２の回路において、電力発生手段３と並列にコンデンサＣ１を接続して並列共振型の共振回路４を構成している。電力発生手段３は、インダクタンスを持ちコイルとしての性質を有するため、同図の回路は並列型の共振回路４となる。同図の例の場合、コンデンサＣ１のキャパシタンスを適宜選択することで、共振回路４の共振周波数が、図１，図２の測定ユニット１０における振動体９，９Ａの固有振動数と一致させている。
このように機械的な共振と電気的な共振が共に生じるようにすることで、電力発生手段３を高効率で発電させ、負荷回路３０となるセンサ２への給電を可能としている。 In the example of FIG. 13, in the circuit of FIG. 12, a parallel resonance type resonance circuit 4 is configured by connecting a capacitor C1 in parallel with the power generating means 3. In FIG. Since the electric power generation means 3 has an inductance and has the property of a coil, the circuit in the figure becomes a parallel type resonance circuit 4 . In the case of the example of FIG. 1, by appropriately selecting the capacitance of the capacitor C1, the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit 4 is matched with the natural frequency of the vibrating bodies 9 and 9A in the measurement unit 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2. .
By allowing both mechanical resonance and electrical resonance to occur in this way, the electric power generating means 3 can generate electric power with high efficiency, and power can be supplied to the sensor 2 serving as the load circuit 30 .

図１４の例は、図１２の回路において、電力発生手段３と直列にコンデンサＣ２を接続して直列共振型の共振回路４を構成している。機械的な共振と電気的な共振が共に生じるようにすることは、図１３～図１９の各例において同様である。 In the example of FIG. 14, in the circuit of FIG. 12, a capacitor C2 is connected in series with the power generation means 3 to form a series resonance type resonance circuit 4. In FIG. It is the same in each example of FIGS. 13 to 19 that both mechanical resonance and electrical resonance occur.

図１５の例は、図１３の並列共振型の共振回路４において、ダイオードＤ２を設けて整流を行い、負荷回路３０となるセンサ２に給電を行っている。また、負荷抵抗Ｚ１と並列に平滑用のコンデンサＣ３を設けている。 In the example of FIG. 15, a diode D2 is provided in the parallel resonance type resonance circuit 4 of FIG. A smoothing capacitor C3 is provided in parallel with the load resistor Z1.

図１６の例は、図１４の直列共振型の共振回路４において、ダイオードＤ１，Ｄ２を設けて整流を行い、負荷回路３０となるセンサ２に給電を行っている。また、負荷抵抗Ｚ１と並列に平滑用のコンデンサＣ３を設けている。 In the example of FIG. 16, the diodes D1 and D2 are provided in the series resonance type resonance circuit 4 of FIG. A smoothing capacitor C3 is provided in parallel with the load resistor Z1.

図１７の例は、図１５の並列共振型の共振回路４において、スピーカＳＰ１と直列にコイルＬ１とダイオードＤ１とを追加している。
同図の共振回路４は、電力発生手段３、コイルＬ１、コンデンサＣ１、および第一のダイオードＤ１を有する第一の閉回路４ａと、電力発生手段３、コイルＬ１、コンデンサＣ１、第二のダイオードＤ２、および負荷回路３０を有する第二の閉回路４ｂとを有する並列接続となっている。
同図の共振回路４では、第一の閉回路４ａに電流が流れた場合は、第二の閉回路４ｂの負荷回路３０に電流は流れず、第二の閉回路４ｂに電流が流れた場合は第一のダイオードＤ１に電流が流れない。
この場合に、第一の閉回路４ａと第二の閉回路４ｂの並列回路の動作が、共振回路４０の共振周波数の周期の１／２の周期で動作をするように、電力発生手段３、コンデンサＣ１のキャパシタンス、コイルＬ１のインダクタンスの関係が調整されている。 In the example of FIG. 17, a coil L1 and a diode D1 are added in series with the speaker SP1 in the parallel resonance type resonance circuit 4 of FIG.
The resonance circuit 4 in FIG. D2 and a second closed circuit 4b with a load circuit 30 in parallel connection.
In the resonance circuit 4 shown in the figure, when current flows through the first closed circuit 4a, no current flows through the load circuit 30 of the second closed circuit 4b, and when current flows through the second closed circuit 4b, no current flows through the first diode D1.
In this case, the electric power generating means 3, so that the operation of the parallel circuit of the first closed circuit 4a and the second closed circuit 4b operates at half the period of the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit 40. The relationship between the capacitance of the capacitor C1 and the inductance of the coil L1 is adjusted.

図１８の例は、図１６の直列共振型の共振回路４において、さらにコイルＬ１を追加している。
同図の共振回路４は、電力発生手段３、コイルＬ１、コンデンサＣ２、および第一のダイオードＤ１を有する第一の閉回路４ａと、電力発生手段３、コイルＬ１、コンデンサＣ２、第二のダイオードＤ２、および負荷回路３０を有する第二の閉回路４ｂとを有する並列接続となっている。
同図の共振回路４では、第一の閉回路４ａに電流が流れた場合は、第二の閉回路４ｂの負荷回路３０に電流は流れず、第二の閉回路４ｂに電流が流れた場合は第一のダイオードＤ１に電流が流れない。 In the example of FIG. 18, a coil L1 is added to the series resonant circuit 4 of FIG.
The resonance circuit 4 in FIG. D2 and a second closed circuit 4b with a load circuit 30 in parallel connection.
In the resonance circuit 4 shown in the figure, when current flows through the first closed circuit 4a, no current flows through the load circuit 30 of the second closed circuit 4b, and when current flows through the second closed circuit 4b, no current flows through the first diode D1.

図１９は、電力発生手段３に追加する共振回路４をＬＣＣ型とした例を示す。この例では、図１８の直列共振型の共振回路４において、並列にコンデンサＣ１を追加している。 FIG. 19 shows an example in which the resonance circuit 4 added to the power generating means 3 is of LCC type. In this example, a capacitor C1 is added in parallel to the series resonant circuit 4 of FIG.

図２０～図２８は、図４～図１９の回路における出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔの比較を示す。
図２０は、図４の回路と図６の共振回路４との電圧波形の比較、すなわちコイルＬ１の有無による電圧を比較して示す。縦軸は出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔ、横軸は周波数を示す。 20-28 show a comparison of the output voltage Vout in the circuits of FIGS. 4-19.
FIG. 20 compares the voltage waveforms of the circuit of FIG. 4 and the resonance circuit 4 of FIG. 6, that is, the voltages with and without the coil L1. The vertical axis indicates the output voltage Vout, and the horizontal axis indicates the frequency.

図２１は、図４の回路と図６の共振回路４との出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔの電圧波形の比較、すなわちコイルＬ１の有無による電圧を比較して示す。縦軸は出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔ、横軸は時間
を示す。以下の各図も、縦軸と横軸は図２１同様である。
図６の例のようにコイルＬ１がある方が、出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔが高いことが分かる。 FIG. 21 compares the voltage waveforms of the output voltage Vout between the circuit of FIG. 4 and the resonant circuit 4 of FIG. 6, that is, the voltages with and without the coil L1. The vertical axis indicates the output voltage Vout, and the horizontal axis indicates time. In each figure below, the vertical and horizontal axes are the same as in FIG.
It can be seen that the output voltage Vout is higher with the coil L1 as in the example of FIG.

図２２は、図４の回路と図５の共振回路４との出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔの電圧波形の比較、すなわちコイルＬ１の有無による電圧を比較して示す。コイルＬ１がある方が、出力電圧Ｖoutが高いことが分かる。
図２３は、図７の共振回路４の出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔの電圧波形を、コイルＬ１の有無を比較して示す。
図２４は、図８の共振回路４の出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔの電圧波形を、コイルＬ１の有無を比較して示す。コイルＬ１がある方が、出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔが高いことが分かる。
図９～図１１の波形も図２４と同様である。
図２５は、図１２の回路と、図１３の共振回路４の出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔの電圧波形を、コンデンサＣ１の有無を比較して示す。図１３の共振回路の方が図１２の回路よりも出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔが高いことが分かる。
図２６は、図１２の回路と、図１４の共振回路４の出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔの電圧波形を比較して示す。同図はコンデンサＣ２の有無の比較となる。図１４の共振回路の方が図１２の回路より出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔが高いことが分かる。
図２７は、図１５の共振回路４の出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔの電圧波形を、コンデンサＣ１の有無を比較して示す。コンデンサＣ１がある方が、出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔが高いことが分かる。
図２８は、図１６の共振回路４の出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔの電圧波形を、コンデンサＣ２の有無を比較して示す。コンデンサＣ２がある方が、出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔが高いことが分かる。
図１７の波形も図２７と同様である。
図１８～図１９の波形も図２８と同様である。 FIG. 22 compares the voltage waveforms of the output voltage Vout between the circuit of FIG. 4 and the resonance circuit 4 of FIG. 5, that is, the voltages with and without the coil L1. It can be seen that the output voltage Vout is higher with the coil L1.
FIG. 23 shows voltage waveforms of the output voltage Vout of the resonance circuit 4 of FIG. 7 in comparison with and without the coil L1.
FIG. 24 shows voltage waveforms of the output voltage Vout of the resonance circuit 4 of FIG. 8 in comparison with and without the coil L1. It can be seen that the output voltage Vout is higher with the coil L1.
The waveforms in FIGS. 9 to 11 are similar to those in FIG.
FIG. 25 shows voltage waveforms of the output voltage Vout of the circuit of FIG. 12 and the resonance circuit 4 of FIG. 13 in comparison with and without the capacitor C1. It can be seen that the resonant circuit of FIG. 13 has a higher output voltage Vout than the circuit of FIG.
FIG. 26 compares the voltage waveforms of the output voltage Vout of the circuit of FIG. 12 and the resonance circuit 4 of FIG. The figure shows a comparison between the presence and absence of the capacitor C2. It can be seen that the resonant circuit of FIG. 14 has a higher output voltage Vout than the circuit of FIG.
FIG. 27 shows voltage waveforms of the output voltage Vout of the resonance circuit 4 of FIG. 15 in comparison with and without the capacitor C1. It can be seen that the output voltage Vout is higher with the capacitor C1.
FIG. 28 shows voltage waveforms of the output voltage Vout of the resonance circuit 4 of FIG. 16 in comparison with and without the capacitor C2. It can be seen that the output voltage Vout is higher with the capacitor C2.
The waveforms in FIG. 17 are also similar to those in FIG.
The waveforms in FIGS. 18 and 19 are similar to those in FIG.

以上、実施形態に基づいてこの発明を実施するための形態を説明したが、今回開示された実施の形態はすべての点で例示であって制限的なものではない。この発明の範囲は上記した説明ではなくて特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。 As mentioned above, although the form for implementing this invention was demonstrated based on embodiment, embodiment disclosed this time is an illustration and is not restrictive at all points. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the scope of the claims rather than the above description, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and range of equivalents of the scope of the claims.

１…ケース
２…センサ
３…電力発生手段
４…共振回路
４ａ…第一の閉回路
４ｂ…第二の閉回路
５…負荷回路
６…共振回路基板
８…設置手段
８ａ…ばね
８ｂ…可動台
９…振動体
９Ａ…振動体
１０…測定ユニット
２０…発電装置
３０…負荷回路
Ｃ１～Ｃ３…コンデンサ
Ｌ１…コイル
Ｚ１…負荷抵抗 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 Case 2 Sensor 3 Power generation means 4 Resonance circuit 4a First closed circuit 4b Second closed circuit 5 Load circuit 6 Resonance circuit board 8 Installation means 8a Spring 8b Movable base 9 Vibrating body 9A Vibrating body 10 Measurement unit 20 Power generator 30 Load circuits C1 to C3 Capacitor L1 Coil Z1 Load resistor

Claims

A measuring unit comprising a case, a sensor installed in the case, and power generating means installed in the case to supply power to the sensor,
The power generation means has a function of generating power when vibration is applied and a property of a capacitive element,
A resonant circuit comprising the power generation means and an inductive element is provided,
There is a range in which the frequency band of the natural frequency of the vibrating body that vibrates integrally with the electric power generating means and the frequency band in which the resonance of the resonance circuit occurs overlaps,
The resonant circuit comprises a first closed circuit comprising the power generating means, the inductive coil, and a first diode, and the power generating means, the coil, a load circuit, and a second diode. a parallel connection with a second closed circuit,
The coil is connected in series with the power generating means, the first diode is connected in parallel with the power generating means and the load circuit, and the second diode is in series with the coil and the load circuit. connected to
Further, the resonant circuit has at least one of a capacitor connected in parallel with the first diode and a capacitor connected in series with the coil,
When current flows through the first closed circuit, no current flows through the load circuit of the second closed circuit,
no current flows through the first diode when current flows through the second closed circuit;
measurement unit.

The measuring unit according to claim 1 ,
A measurement unit in which the operation of the parallel circuit of the first closed circuit and the second closed circuit operates with a period of half the period of the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit.

In the measurement unit according to claim 1 or claim 2 ,
A measuring unit, wherein the power generating means is a piezoelectric element.

A measuring unit comprising a case, a sensor installed in the case, and power generating means installed in the case to supply power to the sensor,
The power generation means has a function of generating power when vibration is applied and a property of an inductive element,
A resonant circuit comprising the power generation means and a capacitive element is provided,
There is a range in which the frequency band of the natural frequency of the vibrating body that vibrates integrally with the electric power generating means and the frequency band in which the resonance of the resonance circuit occurs overlaps,
The resonant circuit comprises a first closed circuit comprising the power generating means, a coil and a first diode, and a second closed circuit comprising the power generating means, the coil, a load circuit and a second diode. a parallel connection having
The coil is connected in series with the power generating means, the first diode is connected in parallel with the power generating means and the load circuit, and the second diode is in series with the coil and the load circuit. connected to
Further, the resonant circuit has at least one of a capacitor as the capacitive element connected in parallel with the first diode and a capacitor as the capacitive element connected in series with the coil,
When current flows through the first closed circuit, no current flows through the load circuit of the second closed circuit,
no current flows through the first diode when current flows through the second closed circuit;
measurement unit.

The measuring unit according to claim 4 ,
A measurement unit in which the operation of the parallel circuit of the first closed circuit and the second closed circuit operates with a period of half the period of the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit.

In the measurement unit according to claim 4 or claim 5 ,
A measuring unit, wherein said power generating means is an element comprising a coil and a magnet.

In the measurement unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5 ,
The sensor is a vibration sensor, and the installation means for installing the electric power generating means in the case consists of a spring fixed to the case and a movable base fixed to the spring, and vibrates integrally with the electric power generating means. The vibrating body does not include the case and consists of the movable base and an object fixed on the movable base,
measurement unit.

A power generator comprising a case and power generation means installed in the case,
The power generation means has a function of generating power when vibration is applied and a property of a capacitive element,
A resonant circuit comprising the power generation means and an inductive element is provided,
There is a range in which the frequency band of the natural frequency of the vibrating body that vibrates integrally with the electric power generating means and the frequency band in which the resonance of the resonance circuit occurs overlaps,
The resonant circuit comprises a first closed circuit comprising the power generating means, the inductive coil, and a first diode, and the power generating means, the coil, a load circuit, and a second diode. a parallel connection with a second closed circuit,
The coil is connected in series with the power generating means, the first diode is connected in parallel with the power generating means and the load circuit, and the second diode is in series with the coil and the load circuit. connected to
Further, the resonant circuit has at least one of a capacitor connected in parallel with the first diode and a capacitor connected in series with the coil,
When current flows through the first closed circuit, no current flows through the load circuit of the second closed circuit,
no current flows through the first diode when current flows through the second closed circuit;
A power generator characterized by:

A power generator comprising a case and power generation means installed in the case,
The power generation means has a function of generating power when vibration is applied and a property of an inductive element,
A resonant circuit comprising the power generation means and a capacitive element is provided,
There is a range in which the frequency band of the natural frequency of the vibrating body that vibrates integrally with the electric power generating means and the frequency band in which the resonance of the resonance circuit occurs overlaps,
The resonant circuit comprises a first closed circuit comprising the power generating means, a coil and a first diode, and a second closed circuit comprising the power generating means, the coil, a load circuit and a second diode. a parallel connection having
The coil is connected in series with the power generating means, the first diode is connected in parallel with the power generating means and the load circuit, and the second diode is in series with the coil and the load circuit. connected to
Further, the resonant circuit has at least one of a capacitor as the capacitive element connected in parallel with the first diode and a capacitor as the capacitive element connected in series with the coil,
When current flows through the first closed circuit, no current flows through the load circuit of the second closed circuit,
no current flows through the first diode when current flows through the second closed circuit;
A power generator characterized by: