JP7270930B2 - Formwork, buildings and construction methods - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a formwork, a building and a construction method, and can be applied, for example, to construction of a building having a curved roof.

Conventionally, when constructing a building with RC (reinforced concrete) structure, according to the architectural design, formwork (formwork for pouring concrete) for floors, columns, roofs, etc. is erected and erected. There is a process of arranging reinforcing bars in a formwork, pouring concrete, and dismantling the formwork after the cast concrete hardens in the formwork.

Conventionally, various types of wood are used as materials for RC formwork, and Patent Document 1 describes the use of CLT (Cross Laminated Timber) for RC formwork. CLT is a wood-based material obtained by arranging sawn boards (lamina) and then laminating and bonding them so that the fiber directions are perpendicular to each other. In addition to supporting the building as a structural frame, CLT has multiple effects such as heat insulation, flame insulation, heat insulation, and sound insulation, so it has sufficient characteristics as a formwork when pouring concrete. .

Patent Document 1 describes shortening the construction period by precutting CLT lumber at a factory or the like to manufacture formwork parts and assembling the precut formwork parts on site.

JP 2019-100057 A

However, the technique described in Patent Document 1 is suitable for manufacturing formwork for a building generally composed only of horizontal and vertical surfaces (vertical surfaces), but it is suitable for manufacturing complex shapes such as roofs and floors including curved surfaces. For buildings that include slabs, on-site processing of the formwork (such as bending a part of the formwork to fit the curved surface shape as designed) was sometimes required.

In view of the above problems, it is desired to be able to easily apply pre-cut forms as forms for forming concrete structural parts of buildings (for example, slabs that make up the roof). there is

The formwork of the first aspect of the present invention has (1) an upper surface on which concrete can be placed to form a slab layer of a building, and (2) the concrete is placed on the placing surface. A plurality of grooves capable of forming beams that are integrated with the slab layer when poured and a plurality of islands surrounded by the grooves are formed on the lower side of the slab layer, and (3) placing concrete. (4) part or all of the casting surface is curved; and (5) each of the grooves connects a plurality of groove members. (6) each island portion is constructed by connecting a plurality of island members; (7) each of the groove members and the island members are cut from lumber; , is composed of a piece of wood having a cuttable size and a cuttable shape .

The building of the second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that part or all of the slab layers and beams are formed using the formwork of the first aspect of the present invention.

A third aspect of the present invention is a method of building a building, comprising a step of forming part or all of the slab layers and beams using the formwork of the first aspect of the present invention.

According to the present invention, it is possible to easily apply a pre-cut formwork for forming a structural part of a building from concrete.

1 is an image diagram (perspective view) of a building according to an embodiment; FIG. It is a perspective view which shows in the state which cut out a part of formwork which concerns on embodiment. It is a top view which shows in the state which cut out a part of formwork which concerns on embodiment. It is explanatory drawing shown about the components which comprise the formwork which concerns on embodiment. It is a perspective view (part 1) which explodes and shows the parts which constitute the formwork concerning an embodiment. It is a perspective view (the 2) which explodes and shows the parts which comprise the formwork which concerns on embodiment. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view (a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A′ in FIG. 4) when a part of the formwork according to the embodiment is cut; It is explanatory drawing shown about the restrictions regarding the shape (dimension) of the components which comprise the formwork which concerns on embodiment. It is sectional drawing at the time of cut|disconnecting a part of roof which concerns on embodiment.

(A) Main Embodiment Hereinafter, one embodiment of the formwork and construction method according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

(A-1) Configuration and Operation of Embodiment FIG. 1 is an image diagram of the overall configuration of a building 1 of this embodiment (an image diagram when viewed obliquely from above; perspective view).

A building 1 has a structure in which a roof 2 is arranged on a box-shaped building body 3. - 特許庁

In this embodiment, it is assumed that the roof 2 has a structure including an RC structure. Moreover, when the roof 2 is erected, it is assumed that a construction method is adopted in which concrete and reinforcing bars are held using a formwork 10 until the concrete hardens. Furthermore, usually in a building of RC structure, the formwork placed until the reinforcing concrete hardens is dismantled and removed after the concrete has hardened. The roof 2 is left without the formwork 10 being removed even after the concrete hardens. In other words, the formwork 10 for the roof 2 of this embodiment is not a mere temporary tool used during construction, but a member constituting part of the roof 2 (the ceiling of the building 1).

The material of the formwork 10 is not limited, but in this embodiment, it is assumed to be made of wood (including those made of materials containing wood). More specifically, in this embodiment, the mold 10 will be described as using CLT. The material for forming the mold 10 is not limited to wood, and other materials such as various resins may be used.

Next, a specific structure of the formwork 10 will be described.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state in which only the formwork 10 of a partial area Z (rectangular area indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 1) of the roof 2 in FIG. 1 is cut out.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the area Z of the mold 10 (viewed from above).

As shown in FIG. 3, the region Z has a substantially rectangular shape when viewed from above, with a longitudinal dimension of 11L and a lateral dimension of 12L. The specific dimensions of the dimensions 11L and 12L are not limited, but in this embodiment, the longitudinal dimension L11 is about 6500 mm and the lateral dimension L12 is about 2000 mm.

It is assumed that the mold 10 has a structure in which shapes (patterns) as shown in FIG. 2 are generally uniformly arranged continuously. As shown in FIG. 2, the formwork 10 has a shape in which reinforcing bars are arranged (reinforcement arrangement) on the upper surface and a placement surface 20 on which concrete can be placed (placed and accommodated) is formed. In other words, the pouring surface 20 is formed by a curved surface for pouring concrete (a layer of concrete including a roof slab).

The placing surface 20 is formed with grooves 40 for bar arrangement. As shown in FIG. 3, in the driving surface 20, the groove 40 is formed with a curved surface so that a large number of polygonal islands 30 are formed. In other words, the driving surface 20 has a shape (curved surface) in which a plurality of polygonal islands 30 whose outline is formed by the grooves 40 are arranged.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the region Z has four islands 30-1 to 30-4.

In this embodiment, each island portion 30 is assumed to be substantially rectangular (substantially quadrangular), but the contour shape of the island portion 30 is not limited. For example, the contour of each island 30 may be circular or partially curved. In this embodiment, each island portion 30 is assumed to be substantially rectangular, but each island portion 30 may have a different shape (for example, a polygon with a different number of corners).

In this embodiment, the mold 10 is classified into a member that mainly forms the island portion 30 (hereinafter referred to as "island member") and a member that mainly forms the groove portion 40 (hereinafter referred to as "groove member"). be. Also, in the formwork 10, it is assumed that the groove member is arranged around the island member. In other words, it is assumed that the groove member is arranged along the outline of the island member.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration around the island member 301 forming the mold 10. As shown in FIG.

Here, as an example, the configuration of members around the island portion 30-1 that constitutes the region Z of the mold 10 will be described. As shown in FIG. 4, the island portion 30-1 has a structure in which a plurality of groove members are arranged (connected) around an island member 301. As shown in FIG. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the grooves 40 formed at the ends of the two sides (the upper side and the right side as viewed from FIG. 4) forming the outline of the island member 301 consist of seven groove members. 401-407.

FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the island member 301 and the groove members 401 to 407 described above. FIG. 5 shows a state in which the island member 301 and the groove members 401 to 407 are disassembled and viewed from the same direction (diagonally above) as in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a view (perspective view) of the island member 301 and the groove members 401 to 407 in a disassembled state, viewed from the opposite direction (diagonally downward) to FIG.

7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A' in FIG. 4. FIG.

In FIG. 7, the groove portion between the island member 301 forming the island portion 30-1 and the island member 302 forming the island portion 30-2 facing the island portion 30-1 (island member 301) is shown. It is a cross section including 40. That is, the A-A' line cuts the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the groove 40 is formed (the direction parallel to the sides of the island members 301 and 302).

As shown in FIG. 7, the cross section of the groove portion 40 is substantially U-shaped. The groove portion 40 shown in FIG. 7 has a U-shape by joining a groove member 401 having a substantially Z-shaped (inverted S-shaped) cross section and a groove member 401 having a substantially inverted Z-shaped (S-shaped) cross-sectional shape. A cross section of is formed.

As shown in FIG. 7, one end surface (upper end surface) of the groove member 401 having a Z-shaped (inverted S-shaped) cross section is joined to the end surface of the island member 301, and the other end surface (lower ) joins channel member 402 to form the lower portion of the U-shape. Similarly, one end face (upper end face) of the groove member 401 having an inverted Z-shaped (S-shaped) cross section is joined to the end face of the island member 302, and the other end face (lower end face) is the groove member. It is joined to the end face of 401 .

Also, the ends (upper ends) of the groove members 401 and 402 joined at the lower portion of the U shape form the ends of the sides of the island members 301 and 302, respectively. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4, the sides of the island portions 30-1 and 30-2 (island members 301 and 302) facing each other with the groove portion 40 interposed therebetween and the joint surfaces of the groove members 401 and 402 (joint portions) plane) are parallel.

Furthermore, the upper surfaces of the island members 301 and 302 are curved based on the design of the roof 2 . The upper surfaces of the groove members 401 and 402 are also smoothly curved surfaces integrated with the upper surfaces of the island members 301 and 302 when joined to the island members 301 and 302, respectively (the upper surfaces of the island portions 30-1 and 30-2). ).

Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the cross section of the groove 40 has a tapered shape in which the width gradually narrows from the opening (upper side) toward the bottom (lower side).

The grooves 40 are distributed over the entire mold 10, and it is desirable that their shapes (dimensions; sizes) are substantially uniform. Moreover, it is desirable that the plate thickness L31 of the mold 10 is substantially uniform over each island portion 30 and the groove portion.

In FIG. 7, each dimension and plate thickness of the cross section of the groove portion 40 are also illustrated. 7, the depth L41 of the cross section of the groove 40 (the dimension from the uppermost position to the lowermost position in the cross section of the groove 40), the width L42 of the bottom (lower width; narrowest width), Width L43 of the opening (upper width; widest width) and plate thickness L31 are shown.

Next, an example of each dimension (L31, L41 to L43) will be explained.

In this embodiment, the specific peaks of the dimensions L31, L41 to L43 that constitute the mold 10 are not limited. In this embodiment, the groove 40 has a depth L41 of 290 mm to 690 mm, a bottom width L42 of 180 mm to 220 mm, and an opening width L43 of 320 mm to 350 mm. In the example of this embodiment, it is assumed that the plate thickness L31 of each member (each island member and groove member) constituting the mold 10 is adjusted to 120 mm to 150 mm.

It is assumed that the placement surface 20 (upper surface) of the mold 10 is shaped as described above.

Next, an example of a configuration for joining each part constituting the mold 10 will be described.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the joints between the island members and the groove members are assumed to be joined using bolts 50 . In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, bolts 50 pass through the joints between the island members and the groove members, and bolt accommodation holes for accommodating nuts 51 for fixing the bolts 50 are provided. 52 is formed. Furthermore, in this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the joints between the groove members are explained as being joined using a screwed plate 60 or dowels (not shown). It should be noted that the means for joining the parts constituting the formwork 10 is not limited to the above example, and various methods can be applied.

Next, an example of a method for manufacturing each part that constitutes the mold 10 will be described.

As described above, CLT is used as the material (timber) of each part (island member and groove member) that constitutes the mold 10 of this embodiment. Although there is no particular limitation on the specific method of processing CLT timber (plates of a predetermined size) into the parts that make up the formwork 10, for example, a CNC (Computer Numerical Control) router can be applied. . In other words, in order to manufacture the parts that make up the formwork 10 using a CNC router, each part must have a size that can be processed by the CNC router and can be cut from procured lumber. Must be size. In other words, when the parts that make up the formwork 10 are machined using a CNC router, the size of each part that makes up the formwork 10 must be a predetermined size or less. For example, in this embodiment, the groove member constituting the groove portion 40 does not use a part having a U-shaped cross section, but uses a shape in which the U-shaped cross section is divided in half. The structure is such that the member can be cut.

Next, an example of a method of designing parts constituting the mold 10 will be described with reference to FIG. 8 .

8, an example of a method of designing the groove members 401 and 402 forming the groove portion 40 will be described using a cross-sectional view similar to FIG.

Here, it is assumed that the upper limit of the thickness of lumber that can be used for processing the formwork 10 is L44. That is, L44 is the upper limit of the thickness of lumber that can be procured or the upper limit of the thickness of lumber that can be processed by the device used for processing (hereinafter referred to as "processing device"), whichever is smaller. Therefore, in this case, in the design stage, each part (island member and groove member) that constitutes the mold 10 must all have a shape that can be cut from lumber having a thickness of L44 or less. In this embodiment, as described above, the groove member has a cross section obtained by dividing the U-shaped cross section of the groove portion 40 into two, so that it is possible to cut a lumber having a thinner plate thickness. FIG. 8 shows an example in which the upper limit L44 of the lumber thickness described above is applied to the cross sections of the groove members 401 and 402 forming the groove portion 40 . It can be seen from FIG. 8 that by adjusting the attitudes of the groove members 401 and 402, the cross sections of the groove members 401 and 402 are shaped to fall within the upper limit L44 of the lumber thickness. That is, in this embodiment, each groove member that constitutes the groove portion 40 is designed to have a U-shaped cross section divided into two so that the cross section fits within the upper limit L44 of the lumber thickness. . If the member of the groove portion 40 is not divided like the groove members 401 and 402 and is processed with a U-shaped cross section, the member (a member with a U-shaped cross section) can be processed in any posture. is a shape that does not fit within the upper limit L44 of the thickness of the timber, resulting in a design that cannot be processed.

That is, when designing the shape of each part constituting the formwork 10, it is designed (set) so as to fit within the upper limit of the size (thickness, length, width) of the lumber that can be used for processing as described above. There is a need to. FIG. 8 describes dividing the U-shaped section of the groove portion 40 into two in order to keep the groove members 401 and 402 within the lumber upper limit L44. When designing the shape, it is necessary to keep the length and width of the lumber below the upper limit. When processing lumber with processing equipment, the length and width are not so much of a design problem because it is easy to process and procure lumber with dimensions of 1000 mm units, but the thickness of lumber that can be processed and procured is not a problem. Since the upper limit is within the range of about 100 mm to 250 mm, it tends to become a bottleneck in design.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, by designing a groove member in which the U-shaped cross section of the groove portion 40 is divided into two, the limit of the upper limit L44 of the lumber thickness is cleared. If the upper limit of the thickness is even thinner, it is necessary to design the cross section of the groove 40 to be divided into three or more.

Such restrictions also apply to the island member, and depending on the shape of the island member, there may be cases where it does not fit within the upper limit of the timber size (thickness, length, or width). In that case, it is necessary to design the island member to have a shape within the upper limit of the size of the lumber.

As described above, each part (including the groove member and the island member) that constitutes the formwork 10 needs to be designed so as to be divided into shapes within the upper limit of the applicable lumber size. The method of dividing the mold 10 is not limited to the above example, and various methods of dividing can be applied. For example, instead of vertically cutting the U-shaped cross section of the groove 40 as shown in FIG. 8, the dividing method may be horizontally cutting.

As described above, in this embodiment, each component constituting the mold 10 is subdivided to a size that can be processed by the processing device used for processing.

Next, an example of a method (construction method) for arranging reinforcing bars in the formwork 10 and placing concrete for completion will be described with reference to FIG. 9 .

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a partial cross section of the roof 2 completed by arranging reinforcing bars and placing concrete in the formwork 10. As shown in FIG. Similar to FIG. 7, FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the roof 2 taken along line A-A' in FIG.

First, when actually forming the roof 2 using the formwork 10, it is assumed that the formwork 10 is assembled and installed on the structures (beams, columns, etc.) of the building body 3. FIG. At that time, in order to stably support the formwork 10, an auxiliary member other than the building body 3 (e.g., temporarily installed pillars) may be arranged. However, if the formwork 10 has a structure in which all high-rigidity materials such as CLT are integrated with bolts, plates, etc., it can be self-supporting to some extent without installing auxiliary members when placing concrete. ). In other words, in the formwork 10 of this embodiment, by using a high-rigidity material such as CLT as a material, construction can be performed without using auxiliary members, which contributes to shortening the construction period.

Next, it is assumed that the reinforcing bars 91 are arranged (bar-arranged) over the entire groove portion 40 of the formwork 10 . The example of FIG. 9 illustrates a state in which eight reinforcing bars 91 are bound by binding wires 92 inside the groove portion 40 . The specifications (thickness and material) of the reinforcing bars 91 and the number of the reinforcing bars 91 when arranging the reinforcing bars in the groove 40 must be based on the design of the building 1 (roof 2).

Next, it is assumed that a layer of heat insulating material 70 is placed on the upper surface of all the island portions 30 of the formwork 10 . The specifications (material and thickness) of the heat insulating material 70 are not limited, and must be based on the design of the building 1 (roof 2). Depending on the design and usage of the building 1, the layer of the heat insulating material 70 may be omitted.

Next, it is assumed that concrete 80 has been placed over the entire placement surface 20 of the formwork 10 . As described above, FIG. 9 illustrates the state after the concrete 80 has been placed on the placement surface 20 of the formwork 10 . At this time, the shape of the upper surface of the placed concrete 80 is finished (for example, by plastering using a trowel or the like) so as to form a smooth curve parallel to the shape of the lower formwork 10 (island portion 30). (finishing by construction) is desirable. Since various methods can be applied to the finishing of the upper surface of the concrete 80, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

After that, the placed concrete 80 hardens and the roof 2 is structurally completed. At this time, the formwork 10 is not removed and forms the lower surface portion of the roof 2 .

As a result of the above steps, as shown in FIG. 9, a slab layer 2A forming the upper surface of the roof is formed on the upper surface of the layer of concrete 80, and beams 2B of reinforced concrete (integrated with the slab layer 2A) are formed in the grooves 40. Thus, the beam 2B) is formed.

That is, the beam width of the beam 2B formed in the groove portion 40 is represented by the range of the width L42 of the bottom portion of the groove portion 40 and the width L43 of the opening portion. 40 depth L41. That is, the design strength of the roof 2 depends on the thickness of the slab layer 2A, the specifications of the beams 2B (beam width, beam thickness, specifications and number of reinforcing bars 91, etc.), and the distribution of the beams 2B (distribution of the grooves 40). value.

In other words, the specifications of the roof beam 2B can be adjusted by adjusting the specifications of the groove 40 (each dimension L41 to L43 of the cross section) when designing the formwork 10. FIG.

(A-2) Effects of Embodiment According to this embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.

In this embodiment, by forming grooves 40 on the placing surface 20 (upper surface) of the formwork 10, it is possible to form the beams 2B integrated with the slab layer 2A below the concrete slab layer 2A. can. In addition, in this embodiment, a construction method is adopted in which the formwork 10 is not removed even after the concrete has hardened, so the construction period can be shortened, and the interior of the building 1 can be designed using wood for the ceiling. Therefore, various merits of using wood for the interior can be generated.

The formwork 10 can be constructed by joining island members and groove members, and the sizes of the island members and the groove members are such that they can be pre-cut by a CNC router. It can be assembled and configured on site.

(B) Other Embodiments The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and modified embodiments such as those exemplified below can also be mentioned.

(B-1) In the above embodiment, the formwork of the present invention is used to form the roof slab (slab layer) and the beams that support the slab. ) and the beams that support the slab (eg, the floor slab and the beams that support the slab).

(B-2) In the above embodiment, the roof 2 is described as having an RC structure, but the specific structure is not limited as long as it is constructed by placing concrete. For example, depending on the strength required for the roof 2 (for example, the strength required according to the size of the roof 2 and the application of the building 1), concrete is placed without placing reinforcing bars in the grooves 40 (reinforcing bars 91 are placed in the beams 2B). not provided). Moreover, in the beam 2B of the roof 2, instead of the reinforcing bars 91, a structure in which other types of members (for example, members such as glass fiber and carbon fiber) are arranged may be employed.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Building, 2... Roof, 3... Building body, 10... Formwork, 20... Casting surface, 30, 30-1 to 30-4... Island part, 301 to 304... Island member, 40... Groove part, Reference numerals 401 to 407: groove member, 50: bolt, 60: plate, 70: heat insulating material, 80: concrete, 91: reinforcing bar, 92: binding wire.

Claims (5)

The upper surface is formed with a placement surface on which concrete can be placed to form the slab layer of the building.
Formed on the casting surface are a plurality of grooves capable of forming beams that are integrated with the slab layer below the slab layer when the concrete is cast , and a plurality of islands surrounded by the grooves. and
being able to form part of said building after the concrete has been placed ,
Part or all of the driving surface is formed with a curved surface,
Each of the grooves is configured by connecting a plurality of groove members,
Each of the island portions is configured by connecting a plurality of island members,
Each of the groove member and the island member is composed of a piece of wood cut from a lumber and having a size and shape that allows cutting.
A formwork characterized by: Formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that said timber is CLT. The formwork according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a reinforcing bar can be arranged in the groove. A building characterized in that part or all of slab layers and beams are formed using the formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 3 . A method of constructing a building, comprising the step of constructing a part or all of the slab layers and beams using the formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 3 .

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