JP7315503B2 - Gasifier - Google Patents

Description

The present disclosure relates to gasifiers.

There is a biomass power generation device that generates combustible gas using woody biomass as fuel and generates power using the combustible gas. In a gasification furnace that produces combustible gas, the combustion state is highly dependent on the fuel, so if fuel outside the specified range is fed, tar and the like will adhere to the walls of the furnace, reducing combustion efficiency. Patent Literature 1 discloses a gasification furnace in which the shape of the inside of the furnace widens toward the bottom in order to suppress the occurrence of a bridging phenomenon due to arch-shaped deposits.

JP 2016-074799 A

By the way, in order to check the condition of the wall surface inside the furnace and clean it, it is necessary to wait until the temperature inside the furnace drops and remove all the fuel and ash from inside the furnace. Therefore, it has been difficult to frequently check and clean the wall surface inside the furnace because it leads to a decrease in the operating rate.

The present disclosure has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a gasifier that allows easy confirmation of the state of the wall surface inside the furnace.

In order to achieve the above object, a gasification apparatus according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a reactor wall and an opening for receiving a raw material inside surrounded by the furnace wall, and a discharge section for discharging ash generated by heat treatment of the raw material in the reactor wall.

As a preferred aspect of the gasifier, one said variable furnace wall plate contacts an adjacent said variable furnace wall plate.

As a desirable aspect of the gasification apparatus, the dimension in the width direction of the variable furnace wall plate is larger than the distance between adjacent rotary shaft members.

As a desirable aspect of the gasifier, one said variable furnace wall plate is in surface contact with said adjacent variable furnace wall plate.

As a desirable aspect of the gasifier, the variable furnace wall plate has a notch in a portion that is in surface contact with the adjacent variable furnace wall plate.

As a desirable aspect of the gasifier, the notch includes an inclined surface.

As a desirable aspect of the gasifier, the rotating shaft member is provided at one end side in the width direction of the variable furnace wall plate.

As a desirable aspect of the gasifier, the variable furnace wall plate is provided symmetrically with respect to a line passing through the axis of the rotating shaft member and parallel to the longitudinal direction in plan view.

A preferred embodiment of the gasification apparatus includes a holding frame including a lower frame provided on the lower end side of the reactor and rotatably supporting the rotating shaft member, an upper frame provided on the upper end side of the reactor and rotatably supporting the rotating shaft member, and a side frame connecting the lower frame and the upper frame outside the reactor.

A desirable aspect of the gasifier is provided with a worm wheel rotatable together with the rotating shaft member, and a link shaft member rotatably connecting the cylindrical worm meshing with the worm wheel and the adjacent cylindrical worm.

As a desirable aspect of the gasifier, a bidirectional ratchet capable of switching the direction of idle rotation is provided between the rotating shaft member and the worm wheel.

As a preferred aspect of the gasifier, the opening receives air and the discharge discharges gas.

According to the present disclosure, it is possible to easily check the state of the wall surface inside the furnace.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a gasifier according to the first embodiment. 2 is a side view schematically showing the gasifier of FIG. 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing the furnace wall according to the first embodiment. 4 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 3. FIG. 5 is a plan view schematically showing a deformed state of the furnace wall shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 6 is a perspective view schematically showing the variable furnace wall plate shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 7 is a plan view schematically showing the deformation mechanism of the furnace wall shown in FIG. 3. FIG. FIG. 8 is a plan view schematically showing part of the furnace wall of the gasifier according to the second embodiment. FIG. 9 is a plan view schematically showing part of the furnace wall of the gasifier according to the third embodiment. FIG. 10 is a plan view schematically showing part of the furnace wall of the gasifier according to the fourth embodiment.

Embodiments of the gasifier according to the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Note that the present disclosure is not limited to the description of the following embodiments. Components in the following embodiments include those that can be easily replaced by those skilled in the art, or those that are substantially the same. Furthermore, the constituent elements in the embodiments described below can be omitted, replaced, or changed in various ways without departing from the gist of the present disclosure. In the following embodiments, necessary components will be described to illustrate the embodiments of the gasifier according to the present disclosure, and other components will be omitted.

(First embodiment)
First, the overall configuration of the gasifier 1 of the first embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a gasifier 1 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a side view schematically showing the gasifier 1 of FIG. 1. As shown in FIG.

The gasifier 1 generates gas by heat-treating raw materials. In the first embodiment, the gasifier 1 is a fixed-bed downdraft gasifier that generates combustible gas G that is used for power generation or the like by incomplete combustion of woody biomass. Woody biomass includes forest residues such as branches, leaves, treetops and root stumps obtained from forests, sawdust from sawmills, bark (bark), scraps, backboards and other waste materials, construction waste materials, construction demolished materials and other industrial wastes, and the like. In the first embodiment, the woody biomass is woody chips 100 in which sizes of about 3 cm to 8 cm are mixed at a predetermined ratio. As shown in FIG. 1 , the gasifier 1 includes a reactor 70 , an exhaust section 80 and a holding frame 90 .

The reaction furnace 70 has a cylindrical shape surrounded by the furnace wall 10 on its outer periphery in plan view. The cross-sectional shape of the reactor 70 is substantially circular in the first embodiment (see FIG. 3, etc.), but may be polygonal such as substantially elliptical or rectangular. As shown in FIG. 2, the furnace wall 10 of the reactor 70 includes a plurality of variable furnace wall plates 12 having the same shape and size. The plurality of variable furnace wall plates 12 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in the first embodiment. The circumferential direction is the direction along the circumference drawn by the reactor 70 in plan view. The circumferential direction can also be said to be the tangential direction of the circle drawn by the reactor 70 in plan view. The configuration of the furnace wall 10 will be described in detail later.

The reactor 70 receives the air Air and the wood chips 100 as a raw material into the interior surrounded by the furnace wall 10 from the opening 72 which is the upper end of the cylindrical shape. That is, the opening 72 serves as a supply port for the wood chips 100 and an intake port for the air Air. The air Air is outside air in the first embodiment. The reactor 70 communicates with the discharge section 80 through a fire grate 74 at its cylindrical lower end. A fire grate 74 is provided to separate the reactor 70 and the discharge section 80 . The fire grate 74 crushes the wood chips 100 on the upper surface and drops them as ash D into the discharge section 80 below.

In the first embodiment, the discharge part 80 has a tapered cylindrical shape in which the cross-sectional area in the horizontal plane decreases downward. The discharge part 80 communicates with the reactor 70 through the fire grate 74 at its upper end. The discharge section 80 receives from the reactor 70 as ash D the wood chips 100 that have been reduced in size by combustion at the lower end of the reactor 70 or crushed to the grate 74 . The combustible gas G and ash D generated by the heat treatment of the raw material in the reactor 70 are discharged.

The outlet 80 has an ash outlet 82 and a gas outlet 84 . The ash discharge port 82 is provided at the lower end of the discharge portion 80 in the first embodiment. The discharge part 80 discharges the ash D received from the reactor 70 through the ash discharge port 82 . The gas exhaust port 84 is provided on the inclined side surface of the exhaust portion 80 in the first embodiment. The discharge part 80 discharges the combustible gas G generated in the reactor 70 from the gas exhaust port 84 . The gas exhaust port 84 is connected to, for example, a fuel gas reservoir of a power generation device or the like.

Downstream of the gas exhaust port 84, a pump or the like is provided for sucking the air Air inside the reaction furnace 70 through the exhaust portion 80. As shown in FIG. Thereby, inside the reactor 70, a flow of air Air directed downward is formed. A suction port for creating a flow of air Air may be provided separately from the gas exhaust port 84 for discharging the combustible gas G, or may be provided so as to branch the exhaust path for the combustible gas G in the middle of the suction path. Also, the gas exhaust port 84 may be provided in a portion of the reactor 70 where the later-described variable furnace wall plate 12 is not provided.

Further, a filter that catches fine fly ash and the like contained in the combustible gas G may be provided downstream of the gas exhaust port 84 . Further, a switching valve may be provided downstream of the gas exhaust port 84 for discharging the combustible gas G without supplying it to the power generator or the like. The switching valve may be operated or controlled, for example, based on the inspection results of an inspection device that inspects the components of the combustible gas G provided downstream of the gas exhaust port 84 . The switching valve may be operated or controlled, for example, based on combustion time from the start of combustion. The switching valve may be operated or controlled, for example, based on the measurement results of a measuring device that measures the temperature of the combustible gas G provided downstream of the gas exhaust port 84 .

A holding frame 90 holds the furnace wall 10 of the reactor 70 . The holding frame 90 includes a lower frame 92 , an upper frame 94 and side frames 96 . The lower frame 92 has an annular shape concentric with the tubular shape of the furnace wall 10 in the first embodiment. The lower frame 92 is provided on the upper end side of the discharge section 80 in the first embodiment. The lower frame 92 is integrally molded with the discharge section 80 in the first embodiment. Note that the lower frame 92 may be fixed to the discharge section 80 . The upper frame 94 has an annular shape concentric with the tubular shape of the furnace wall 10 in the first embodiment. The upper frame 94 is provided on the upper end side of the furnace wall 10 . The side frame 96 connects the lower frame 92 and the upper frame 94 outside the furnace wall 10 with respect to the reactor 70 .

The lower frame 92 has a plurality of holes on its upper surface into which the rotating shaft member 60 (see FIG. 3, etc.) is vertically inserted. The upper frame 94 has a plurality of through holes into which the rotating shaft members 60 are vertically inserted. The hole in the lower frame 92 and the through hole in the upper frame 94 are provided at the same position in plan view. The lower frame 92 and the upper frame 94 support the rotating shaft member 60 so as to be rotatable around the vertical axis via, for example, bearings.

Next, a method for generating the combustible gas G will be described. In the reactor 70 , the combustible gas G is generated by incomplete combustion of the wood chips 100 . The combustion state inside the reactor 70 is controlled by the temperature at a predetermined location. The combustion state in the reactor 70 can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of air to be ventilated. The wood chips 100 supplied into the reactor 70 are divided into a dry layer 101, a thermally decomposed layer 102, an oxidized layer 103, a reduced layer 104 and an ash layer 105 in order from the top. Since the inside of the reactor 70 is formed with a flow of air Air directed downward from above, the direction in which combustion and heat propagate is from above downward.

In the dry layer 101, the wood chips 100 put through the openings 72 are deposited. In the drying layer 101, the wood chips 100 are dried by passing air Air at a temperature of, for example, about 60° C. or more and 200° C. or less.

In the thermal decomposition layer 102, the wood chips 100 are decomposed by heat of about 200° C. to 600° C., for example. Specifically, in the thermal decomposition layer 102, the wood chips 100 are thermally decomposed into _CH4 (methane), CO (carbon monoxide), _CO2 (carbon dioxide), _H2 (hydrogen), _H2O (water), C (carbonized residue), tar, ash, and the like.

In the oxidized layer 103, the thermally decomposed wood chips 100 are incompletely burned at a temperature of, for example, approximately 600° C. or higher and 1300° C. or lower. Specifically, combustible substances such as C, tar, H ₂ , and CO are partially oxidized to CO, CO ₂ , H ₂ O, and the like.

In the reduction layer 104, C reacts with CO ₂ or H ₂ O, or CH ₄ reacts with H ₂ O at a temperature of, for example, about 600° C. or more and 800° C. or less, thereby generating combustible gases G such as CO and H ₂ . The combustible gas G passes through the ash layer 105 and the fire grate 74 and is discharged outside the gasifier 1 from the gas exhaust port 84 of the discharge section 80 by the flow of air Air formed from the top to the bottom of the reactor 70 .

In the ash layer 105 , the wood chips 100 and the ash D, which have become smaller due to the progress of combustion, are discharged to the discharge section 80 through the fire grate 74 . The fire grate 74 oscillates, for example, at a predetermined cycle to crush the wood chips 100 deposited on the upper surface of the fire grate 74 . The ash D dropped from the fire grate 74 to the discharge portion 80 is discharged outside the gasifier 1 through the ash discharge port 82 .

Inside the reactor 70, the volume decreases as the wood chips 100 are burned. For this reason, the reactor 70 is designed to supply new wood chips 100 from an upper opening 72 and move them downward using their own weight.

When starting to generate the combustible gas G, first, the worker piles up the wood chips 100 in the lower part of the reactor 70 and then ignites the wood chips 100 . The wood chips 100 may be ignited by, for example, throwing a spark from the opening 72 or using a known ignition device. Next, the operator drives a pump or the like that sucks the air Air inside the reactor 70 from the discharge section 80 side. Thereby, a flow of air Air directed downward from above the reactor 70 is formed.

Next, the worker puts the wood chips 100 from the opening 72 of the reactor 70 and deposits the wood chips 100 up to a predetermined height. When the ignited wood chips 100 are oxidized by the supplied air Air to form the thermal decomposition layer 102, the oxidation layer 103 and the reduction layer 104, the combustible gas G starts to be generated. In the above description, the work is performed by a worker, but the work may be performed automatically using a conveying device, an ignition device, or the like controlled by a control device.

Next, the configuration of the furnace wall 10 of the gasifier 1 according to the first embodiment will be described in detail. FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing the furnace wall 10 according to the first embodiment. 4 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 3. FIG. FIG. 5 is a plan view schematically showing a deformed state of the furnace wall 10 shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5, the furnace wall 10 includes a plurality of rotating shaft members 60 arranged at regular intervals and parallel to each other along the outer circumference, and a variable furnace wall plate 12 that is rotatable about the vertical axis together with each of the rotating shaft members 60.

The rotating shaft member 60 is a cylindrical shaft member extending in the vertical direction. The rotating shaft member 60 has its lower end inserted into a hole formed in the upper surface of the lower frame 92 (see FIG. 1, etc.). The rotating shaft member 60 has its upper end inserted into a through hole formed in the upper frame 94 (see FIG. 1 and the like). The rotating shaft member 60 is supported by the holding frame 90 so as to be rotatable around the vertical axis. A plurality of rotating shaft members 60 are provided along the outer circumference of the furnace wall 10 at regular intervals and parallel to each other. In the first embodiment, 16 rotating shaft members 60 are provided at regular intervals in the circumferential direction. In the first embodiment, the rotation shaft member 60 has an axial distance between adjacent rotation shaft members 60 of about 5 cm or more and 6 cm or less.

The variable furnace wall plate 12 has a rectangular horizontal cross section and a plate shape extending in the vertical direction. The variable furnace wall plate 12 is provided symmetrically with respect to a line passing through the axis of the rotating shaft member 60 and parallel to the longitudinal direction in plan view. The thickness direction indicates the lateral direction of the horizontal cross section of the variable furnace wall plate 12 . A plurality of variable furnace wall plates 12 are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in the first embodiment. The variable furnace wall plate 12 is fixed to the rotating shaft member 60 . Note that the variable furnace wall plate 12 may be molded integrally with the rotating shaft member 60 . One variable furnace wall plate 12 is provided vertically between the lower frame 92 and the upper frame 94 . The same number of variable furnace wall plates 12 as the rotating shaft members 60 are arranged in the circumferential direction. The variable furnace wall plate 12 is supported by a holding frame 90 via a rotating shaft member 60 so as to be rotatable about a vertical axis.

When the longitudinal direction of the horizontal cross section of the variable furnace wall plate 12 is along the circumferential direction (see, for example, FIG. 3), the variable furnace wall plate 12 closes the side of the reactor 70 with the side surface portion 14 that is the end surface in the thickness direction. The variable furnace wall plate 12 opens the side of the reactor 70 when the longitudinal direction of the horizontal cross section intersects the circumferential direction (for example, see FIG. 5). The variable furnace wall plate 12 can switch between the inner surface side and the outer surface side of the side surface portion 14 by rotating via the rotating shaft member 60 . That is, both sides of the variable furnace wall plate 12 function as inner walls of the reactor 70 .

In the first embodiment, the rotating shaft member 60 is provided in the vicinity of the base end portion 16 which is one end face side in the width direction of the variable furnace wall plate 12 . The width direction indicates the longitudinal direction of the horizontal section of the variable furnace wall plate 12 . In the state where the reactor 70 is closed, the front end portion 18 of the variable furnace wall plate 12 , which is the end face side opposite to the base end portion 16 in the width direction, faces the base end portion 16 of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 12 . The variable furnace wall plate 12 opens the side of the reactor 70 by rotating the rotary shaft member 60 in a direction in which the front end portion 18 faces the outer direction of the reactor 70, and when further rotated, closes the side of the reactor 70 by facing the base end portion 16 of the variable furnace wall plate 12 adjacent on the opposite side.

In the first embodiment, when the variable furnace wall plate 12 is in a state of closing the reactor 70 (see, for example, FIG. 3), the edge of the side surface 14 on the inner surface side contacts the edge of the side surface 14 on the inner surface side of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 12. That is, in the first embodiment, the inner side surface portion 14 forms a regular hexagon in plan view.

The range of rotation of the variable furnace wall plate 12 is preferably limited by a stopper or the like so that the tip portion 18 does not enter the reactor 70 . The inside of the reactor 70 indicates a region inside the variable furnace wall plate 12 in a state where the variable wall plate 12 blocks the reactor 70 . The stoppers are, for example, projections projecting upward from the lower frame 92, projections projecting downward from the upper frame 94, and the like. The protrusion contacts the inner side surface portion 14 in a state in which the variable furnace wall plate 12 blocks the reactor 70 .

Next, an example of a deformation mechanism for rotating the variable furnace wall plate 12 to deform the furnace wall 10 will be described. FIG. 6 is a perspective view schematically showing the variable furnace wall plate 12 shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a plan view schematically showing the deformation mechanism of the furnace wall 10 shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the deformation mechanism for the furnace wall 10 of the first embodiment includes a worm wheel 62, a cylindrical worm 64, a link shaft member 66, and a universal joint 68.

The worm wheels 62 are provided at upper ends of the rotary shaft members 60, respectively. The worm wheel 62 has a rotation shaft coaxial with the rotation shaft of the rotation shaft member 60 . The worm wheel 62 is rotatable around the vertical axis together with the rotating shaft member 60 . A worm wheel 62 meshes with a cylindrical worm 64 . Rotation of the worm wheel 62 is transmitted from the cylindrical worm 64 .

The rotation axis of the cylindrical worm 64 is horizontal. The cylindrical worm 64 is fixed to the holding frame 90 via a housing or the like. A link shaft member 66 is inserted into the cylindrical worm 64 . The cylindrical worm 64 is rotatable together with the link shaft member 66 . Cylindrical worm 64 transmits rotation of link shaft member 66 to worm wheel 62 . The cylindrical worm 64 and worm wheel 62 reduce the speed of rotation transmitted from the link shaft member 66 to the rotating shaft member 60 and amplify the torque.

The universal joint 68 connects adjacent link shaft members 66 . That is, the link shaft member 66 rotatably connects the cylindrical worm 64 corresponding to the rotating shaft member 60 and the cylindrical worm 64 corresponding to the adjacent rotating shaft member 60 via the universal joint 68 . The adjacent link shaft members 66 rotate around the circumferential axis of the reactor 70 at the same rotational speed. As a result, when one link shaft member 66 rotates, the furnace wall 10 rotates all the rotating shaft members 60 and the variable furnace wall plate 12 to open the reactor 70, or deform so that one of the side portions 14 faces the inside of the reactor 70 and closes it.

A bidirectional ratchet may be provided between the rotating shaft member 60 and the worm wheel 62 . A two-way ratchet can switch the direction of idle rotation. Specifically, the two-way ratchet does not transmit the rotational torque of the worm wheel 62 to the rotating shaft member 60 in the direction of rotating the variable furnace wall plate 12 out of the rotating range. For example, if a stopper or the like is provided to limit the rotation range of the variable furnace wall plate 12 so that the front end portion 18 of the variable furnace wall plate 12 does not enter the reactor 70, the rotational torque of the worm wheel 62 is not transmitted to the rotating shaft member 60 when the rotation of the variable furnace wall plate 12 is restricted. For example, if the stopper is a protrusion contacting the side surface 14 of the variable furnace wall plate 12, the rotation torque of the worm wheel 62 is transmitted to the rotating shaft member 60 when the side surface 14 is not in contact with the protrusion. Further, when the side surface portion 14 is in contact with the protrusion, the rotational torque of the worm wheel 62 is not transmitted to the rotating shaft member 60 .

As described above, the gasifier 1 of the first embodiment includes the reactor 70 and the discharge section 80 that discharges the ash D generated by the heat treatment of the raw material (wood chips 100) in the reactor 70. The reactor 70 includes a furnace wall 10 and an opening 72 that receives the raw material inside surrounded by the furnace wall 10 . The furnace wall 10 includes a plurality of rotary shaft members 60 that are provided annularly in a plan view and that can rotate about a vertical axis, and a plurality of variable furnace wall plates 12 that rotate together with the respective rotary shaft members 60 .

In this way, the gasifier 1 has a structure in which the furnace wall 10 is surrounded by a plurality of variable furnace wall plates 12 that are rotatable about the vertical axis, and the inner surface side and the outer surface side of the side surface portion 14 of the variable furnace wall plate 12 can be switched. That is, when the raw material is heat-treated in the reactor 70, the inner surface side of the side surface portion 14 facing the inside of the reactor 70 can be replaced with the outer surface side, and the clean outer surface side can be replaced with the inner surface side. Therefore, by rotating the variable furnace wall plate 12, the inner side surface portion 14 can be easily exposed to the outside of the reactor 70, so that the state of the furnace wall 10 can be easily checked and cleaned. As a result, when an abnormality is detected in the reactor 70, the inside can be quickly checked.

In addition, since the state of the furnace wall 10 can be checked and cleaned even when raw materials are contained in the reactor 70 , it is possible to suppress deterioration of the operating rate due to checking inside the reactor 70 . Furthermore, since both the inner surface side and the outer surface side of the side surface portion 14 function as the inner wall of the reactor 70, the inner surface side and the outer surface side of the side surface portion 14 can be exchanged while the heat treatment in the reactor 70 is continued. In other words, the heat treatment in the reactor 70 can be continued even while the clean outer side portion 14 is directed toward the inside of the reactor 70 and deposits and the like on the inner side portion 14 are being cleaned.

In the gasifier 1 , one variable furnace wall plate 12 is in contact with the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 12 . As a result, when the variable furnace wall plate 12 blocks the reactor 70, the airtightness of the furnace wall 10 of the reactor 70 can be improved, so that unintentional inflow of outside air can be suppressed.

In the gasifier 1 , the rotating shaft member 60 is provided at one end (base end portion 16 ) side of the variable furnace wall plate 12 in the width direction. As a result, when the variable furnace wall plate 12 rotates, it is possible to reduce the portion of the base end portion 16 that intrudes into the reactor 70 .

In the gasifier 1, the variable furnace wall plate 12 is provided symmetrically with respect to a line passing through the axis of the rotating shaft member 60 and parallel to the longitudinal direction in plan view. As a result, even when the inner surface side and the outer surface side of the side surface portion 14 of the variable furnace wall plate 12 are exchanged, the heat treatment in the reactor 70 can be performed under the same conditions as before the exchange.

The gasifier 1 comprises a holding frame 90 including a lower frame 92 , an upper frame 94 and side frames 96 . The lower frame 92 is provided on the lower end side of the reactor 70 and rotatably supports the rotating shaft member 60 . The upper frame 94 is provided on the upper end side of the reactor 70 and rotatably supports the rotating shaft member 60 . The side frame 96 connects the lower frame 92 and the upper frame 94 outside the reactor 70 . As a result, the posture and rotation of the rotating shaft member 60 are stabilized, so that the variable furnace wall plate 12 can be rotated stably and quickly, and the inner surface side and the outer surface side of the side surface portion 14 can be exchanged.

The gasifier 1 includes a worm wheel 62 , a cylindrical worm 64 and a link shaft member 66 . The worm wheel 62 is rotatable together with the rotating shaft member 60 . A cylindrical worm 64 meshes with the worm wheel 62 . The link shaft member 66 connects the adjacent cylindrical worms 64 so that they can rotate together. As a result, the plurality of variable furnace wall plates 12 can be rotated at the same time, so that the inner surface side and the outer surface side of the side surface portion 14 can be quickly exchanged.

The gasifier 1 is provided with a two-way ratchet capable of switching the direction of idle rotation between the rotating shaft member 60 and the worm wheel 62 . As a result, in each rotation direction of the variable furnace wall plate 12, when the inner side surface portion 14 of the variable furnace wall plate 12 comes into contact with the raw material in the reactor 70, the rotation range of the variable furnace wall plate 12 can be limited so that the variable furnace wall plate 12 does not rotate further. Furthermore, when a stopper is provided to limit the rotation range of the variable furnace wall plate 12 so that the variable furnace wall plate 12 does not enter the reactor 70, the variable furnace wall plate 12 can be maintained at a predetermined rotational position in which the rotation range is limited by the stopper. As a result, even when one variable furnace wall plate 12 is positioned to block the reactor 70 and another variable furnace wall plate 12 does not block the reactor 70, the rotational torque can be transmitted to the other variable furnace wall plate 12 without transmitting the rotational torque to the one variable furnace wall plate 12. In the above case, for example, the furnace wall 10 is elliptical in plan view. That is, the distance from the center of the reactor 70 to the variable furnace wall plate 12 in plan view is not necessarily the same for all the variable furnace wall plates 12 . More specifically, there is a case where the rotation angle from the position where one side of the side portion 14 closes the reactor 70 to the position where the other side closes the reactor 70 differs for each variable furnace wall plate 12 .

In the gasifier 1, the opening 72 receives air Air, and the discharge part 80 discharges gas (flammable gas G). That is, the gasification apparatus 1 of the first embodiment is a so-called fixed-bed downdraft gasification furnace.

(Second embodiment)
Next, the configuration of the furnace wall 20 of the gasifier 2 according to the second embodiment will be described in detail. FIG. 8 is a plan view schematically showing part of the furnace wall 20 of the gasifier 2 according to the second embodiment. The gasifier 2 of the second embodiment differs from the gasifier 1 of the first embodiment in that it includes a furnace wall 20 including a plurality of variable wall plates 22 instead of the furnace wall 10 including a plurality of variable wall plates 12. That is, the furnace wall 20 includes a plurality of rotating shaft members 60 arranged parallel to each other at equal intervals along the outer periphery, and a variable furnace wall plate 22 that is rotatable about the vertical axis together with each of the rotating shaft members 60. The same reference numerals are given to the same configurations as those of the gasifier 1 of the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted as appropriate, and the different configurations will be described.

Like the variable furnace wall plate 12 of the first embodiment, the variable furnace wall plate 22 of the second embodiment has a rectangular horizontal cross section and a plate shape extending in the vertical direction. The variable furnace wall plate 22 is provided symmetrically with respect to a line passing through the axis of the rotating shaft member 60 and parallel to the longitudinal direction in plan view. A plurality of variable furnace wall plates 22 are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in the second embodiment. The variable furnace wall plate 22 is fixed to the rotating shaft member 60 . Note that the variable furnace wall plate 22 may be integrally molded with the rotating shaft member 60 . The variable furnace wall plate 22 is rotatably supported about a vertical axis by a holding frame 90 (see FIG. 1 and the like) via a rotating shaft member 60 .

As shown in FIG. 8 , the variable furnace wall plate 22 has a dimension in the width direction larger than the inter-axis distance between the rotating shaft member 60 and the adjacent rotating shaft member 60 . That is, in a state in which the variable furnace wall plate 22 blocks the reactor 70 (see FIG. 1, etc.), a portion of the inner side surface portion 24 contacts a portion of the outer surface side portion 24 of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 22. More specifically, a portion of the inner side surface portion 24 of the variable furnace wall plate 22 in the vicinity of the tip portion 28 contacts the edge of the outer surface side portion 24 of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 22 on the base end portion 26 side.

The rotating shaft member 60 is provided in the vicinity of the base end portion 26 of the variable furnace wall plate 22 in the second embodiment. The base end portion 26 of the variable furnace wall plate 22 is positioned inside the reactor 70 at any rotational position. The front end portion 28 of the variable furnace wall plate 22 is located outside the reactor 70 in any rotational position.

When a part of the inner side surface portion 24 of the variable furnace wall plate 22 is in contact with a part of the outer surface side portion 24 of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 22, the inner side surface portion 24 of the variable furnace wall plate 22 closes the side of the reactor 70. A variable furnace wall plate 22 opens the side of the reactor 70 when none of the adjacent variable wall plates 22 are in contact. The variable furnace wall plate 22 can switch between the inner surface side and the outer surface side of the side surface portion 24 by rotating via the rotating shaft member 60 . That is, both sides of the variable furnace wall plate 22 function as inner walls of the reactor 70 .

The variable furnace wall plate 22 functions as a stopper when a portion of the outer side surface portion 24 contacts a portion of the inner surface side portion 24 of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 22 . More specifically, a portion of the outer side surface portion 24 of the variable furnace wall plate 22 on the base end portion 26 side contacts a portion of the inner surface side portion 24 of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 22 on the tip portion 28 side, thereby functioning as a stopper. That is, the variable furnace wall plate 22 limits the rotation range of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 22 .

As described above, in the gasifier 2 of the second embodiment, the dimension in the width direction of the variable furnace wall plate 22 is larger than the distance between adjacent rotary shaft members 60 . As a result, when the variable furnace wall plate 22 blocks the reactor 70 , part of the inner side surface portion 24 comes into contact with a part of the outer surface side portion 24 of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 22 .

According to the gasifier 2 , a portion of the outer side surface portion 24 of the variable furnace wall plate 22 contacts a portion of the inner surface side portion 24 of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 22 to function as a stopper. In the second embodiment, a portion of the outer side surface portion 24 of the variable furnace wall plate 22 on the base end portion 26 side contacts a portion of the inner surface side portion 24 of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 22 on the tip portion 28 side, thereby functioning as a stopper. Thereby, when the variable furnace wall plate 22 rotates, it is possible to prevent the front end portion 28 from entering the inside of the reactor 70 .

(Third embodiment)
Next, the configuration of the furnace wall 30 of the gasifier 3 according to the third embodiment will be described in detail. FIG. 9 is a plan view schematically showing part of the furnace wall 30 of the gasifier 3 according to the third embodiment. The gasifier 3 of the third embodiment differs from the gasifier 1 of the first embodiment in that the furnace wall 30 includes a plurality of variable furnace wall plates 32 instead of the furnace wall 10 including a plurality of variable wall plates 12. That is, the furnace wall 30 includes a plurality of rotating shaft members 60 arranged parallel to each other at equal intervals along the outer periphery, and a variable furnace wall plate 32 that can rotate about the vertical axis together with each rotating shaft member 60. The same reference numerals are given to the same configurations as those of the gasifier 1 of the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted as appropriate, and the different configurations will be described.

The variable furnace wall plate 32 of the third embodiment has a plate shape extending in the vertical direction, like the variable furnace wall plate 12 of the first embodiment. The variable furnace wall plate 32 is provided symmetrically with respect to a line passing through the axis of the rotating shaft member 60 and parallel to the longitudinal direction in plan view. A plurality of variable furnace wall plates 32 are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in the third embodiment. The variable furnace wall plate 32 is fixed to the rotating shaft member 60 . Note that the variable furnace wall plate 32 may be molded integrally with the rotating shaft member 60 . The variable furnace wall plate 32 is rotatably supported about a vertical axis by a holding frame 90 (see FIG. 1 and the like) via a rotation shaft member 60 .

As shown in FIG. 9, the variable furnace wall plate 32 is formed with first notches 50 on the base end portion 36 side of the side surface portions 34 on both sides. In the third embodiment, the first cutout portion 50 is an inclined surface formed so as to taper toward the base end portion 36 side in plan view.

The variable furnace wall plate 32 has a dimension in the width direction that is larger than the inter-axis distance between the rotating shaft member 60 and the adjacent rotating shaft member 60 . That is, in a state in which the variable furnace wall plate 32 blocks the reactor 70 (see FIG. 1, etc.), a part of the inner side surface portion 34 contacts a part of the outer surface side portion 34 of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 32. More specifically, the variable furnace wall plate 32 is in surface contact with the first notch 50 of the outer side surface portion 34 of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 32 at a part of the inner side surface portion 34 near the tip portion 38 .

The rotating shaft member 60 is provided in the vicinity of the base end portion 36 of the variable furnace wall plate 32 in the third embodiment. The base end portion 36 of the variable furnace wall plate 32 is positioned inside the reactor 70 at any rotational position. The tip portion 38 of the variable furnace wall plate 32 is positioned outside the reactor 70 in any pivotal position.

When a part of the inner side surface portion 34 of the variable furnace wall plate 32 is in surface contact with the first notch portion 50 of the outer surface side portion 34 of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 32, the inner surface side portion 34 blocks the side of the reactor 70. The variable furnace wall plate 32 opens the side of the reactor 70 when none of the adjacent variable wall plates 32 are in contact. The variable furnace wall plate 32 can switch between the inner surface side and the outer surface side of the side surface portion 34 by rotating via the rotating shaft member 60 . That is, both sides of the variable furnace wall plate 32 function as inner walls of the reactor 70 .

The variable furnace wall plate 32 functions as a stopper when a portion of the outer side surface portion 34 contacts a portion of the inner surface side portion 34 of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 32 . More specifically, the first notch 50 of the outer side surface portion 34 of the variable furnace wall plate 32 functions as a stopper by contacting a part of the inner side surface portion 34 of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 32 on the tip portion 38 side. That is, the variable furnace wall plate 32 limits the rotation range of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 32 .

As described above, in the gasifier 3 of the third embodiment, one variable furnace wall plate 32 is in surface contact with the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 32 .

In the third embodiment, the first cutout portion 50 on the base end portion 36 side of the outer side surface portion 34 of the variable furnace wall plate 32 is in contact with a part of the inner surface side portion 34 of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 32 on the tip portion 38 side, thereby functioning as a stopper. Thereby, when the variable furnace wall plate 32 rotates, it is possible to prevent the front end portion 38 from entering the inside of the reactor 70 . In addition, in a state in which a part of the side surface portion 34 on the outer surface side of the variable furnace wall plate 32 and a part of the side surface portion 34 on the inner surface side of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 32 are in surface contact, the airtightness of the furnace wall 30 of the reactor 70 can be improved, so that unintentional inflow of outside air can be suppressed.

In the gasification device 3 , the variable furnace wall plate 32 has a first notch 50 in a surface-contacting portion of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 32 . As a result, the airtightness of the furnace wall 30 of the reactor 70 can be improved in a state where the reactor 70 is closed, so that unintentional inflow of outside air can be further suppressed.

In the gasifier 3, the first notch 50 includes an inclined surface. As a result, the airtightness of the furnace wall 30 of the reactor 70 can be improved when the reactor 70 is closed. Further, when the side surface portion 34 having the first notch portion 50 is located on the inner surface side, the side surface portion 34 on the inner surface side of the variable furnace wall plate 32 and the side surface portion 34 on the inner surface side of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 32 can be smoothed.

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, the configuration of the furnace wall 40 of the gasifier 4 according to the fourth embodiment will be described in detail. FIG. 10 is a plan view schematically showing part of the furnace wall 40 of the gasifier 4 according to the fourth embodiment. The gasifier 4 of the fourth embodiment differs from the gasifier 1 of the first embodiment in that it includes a furnace wall 40 that includes a plurality of variable wall plates 42 instead of the furnace wall 10 that includes a plurality of variable wall plates 12. That is, the furnace wall 40 includes a plurality of rotating shaft members 60 arranged parallel to each other at equal intervals along the outer circumference, and a variable furnace wall plate 42 that can rotate about the vertical axis together with each rotating shaft member 60. The same reference numerals are given to the same configurations as those of the gasifier 1 of the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted as appropriate, and the different configurations will be described.

The variable furnace wall plate 42 of the fourth embodiment has a plate shape extending in the vertical direction, like the variable furnace wall plate 12 of the first embodiment. The variable furnace wall plate 42 is provided symmetrically with respect to a line passing through the axis of the rotating shaft member 60 and parallel to the longitudinal direction in plan view. A plurality of variable furnace wall plates 42 are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in the fourth embodiment. The variable furnace wall plate 42 is fixed to the rotating shaft member 60 . Note that the variable furnace wall plate 42 may be integrally molded with the rotating shaft member 60 . The variable oven wall plate 42 is rotatably supported about a vertical axis by a holding frame 90 (see FIG. 1 and the like) via a rotation shaft member 60 .

As shown in FIG. 10, the variable furnace wall plate 42 is formed with second notch portions 52 on the base end portion 46 side of the side portions 44 on both sides. In the fourth embodiment, the second cutout portion 52 includes an inclined surface 54 formed so as to taper toward the base end portion 46 side in plan view. Further, the variable furnace wall plate 42 is formed with a third notch portion 56 on the tip portion 48 side of the side surface portions 44 on both sides. The third notch 56 has a rectangular horizontal cross section in the fourth embodiment.

The variable furnace wall plate 42 has a dimension in the width direction that is larger than the inter-axis distance between the rotating shaft member 60 and the adjacent rotating shaft member 60 . That is, in a state in which the variable furnace wall plate 42 blocks the reactor 70 (see FIG. 1, etc.), a portion of the inner side surface portion 44 contacts a portion of the outer surface side portion 44 of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 42. More specifically, in the variable furnace wall plate 42 , the third cutout portion 56 of the inner side surface portion 34 is in surface contact with the inclined surface 54 of the second cutout portion 52 of the outer side surface portion 34 of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 42 .

The rotating shaft member 60 is provided in the vicinity of the base end portion 46 of the variable furnace wall plate 42 in the fourth embodiment. The base end portion 46 of the variable furnace wall plate 42 is positioned inside the reactor 70 at any rotational position. The tip portion 48 of the variable furnace wall plate 42 is positioned outside the reactor 70 in any pivotal position.

When the third cutout portion 56 of the inner side surface portion 44 of the variable furnace wall plate 42 is in surface contact with the inclined surface 54 of the second cutout portion 52 of the outer side surface portion 44 of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 42, the inner side surface portion 44 closes the side of the reactor 70. A variable wall plate 42 opens the side of reactor 70 when none of the adjacent variable wall plates 42 are in contact. The variable furnace wall plate 42 can switch between the inner surface side and the outer surface side of the side surface portion 44 by rotating via the rotating shaft member 60 . That is, both sides of the variable furnace wall plate 42 function as inner walls of the reactor 70 .

The variable furnace wall plate 42 functions as a stopper when a portion of the outer side surface portion 44 contacts a portion of the inner surface side portion 44 of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 42 . More specifically, the second cutout portion 52 of the outer side surface portion 44 of the variable furnace wall plate 42 is brought into contact with the third cutout portion 56 of the inner side surface portion 44 of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 42 to function as a stopper. That is, the variable furnace wall plate 42 limits the rotation range of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 42 .

As described above, in the fourth embodiment, the inclined surface 54 of the second notch 52 on the base end 46 side of the outer side surface portion 44 of the variable furnace wall plate 42 functions as a stopper by contacting the third notch portion 56 on the tip portion 48 side of the inner side surface portion 44 of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 42. Thereby, when the variable furnace wall plate 42 rotates, it is possible to prevent the front end portion 48 from entering the inside of the reactor 70 . In addition, in a state where a part of the side surface portion 44 on the outer surface side of the variable furnace wall plate 42 and a part of the side surface portion 44 on the inner surface side of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 42 are in surface contact, the airtightness of the furnace wall 40 of the reactor 70 can be improved, so that unintentional inflow of outside air can be suppressed. Furthermore, since the third notch portion 56 is also provided on the tip portion 48 side, the side surface portion 44 on the outer surface side of the variable furnace wall plate 42 and the side surface portion 44 on the outer surface side of the adjacent variable furnace wall plate 42 can be smoothed.

Each configuration described in each embodiment may be combined with other configurations in each embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention. Moreover, each of these configurations may be combined with configurations in other embodiments that are different from each embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention. Also, various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

For example, the first cutout portion 50 of the third embodiment, the second cutout portion 52 and the third cutout portion 56 of the fourth embodiment are not limited to the shapes of the respective embodiments, and the adjacent variable furnace wall plates 32 and 42 may be in surface contact with each other when the reactor 70 is closed. Further, the variable furnace wall plates 12 , 22 , 32 , 42 are provided over the entire area of the furnace walls 10 , 20 , 30 , 40 with respect to the height direction in each embodiment.

Further, in the variable furnace wall plates 12, 22, 32, 42, the rotary shaft member 60 may be provided at the central portion of the variable furnace wall plates 12, 22, 32, 42. In addition, the plurality of variable furnace wall plates 12, 22, 32, 42 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, but when the rotating shaft member 60 is provided in the central portion of the variable furnace wall plates 12, 22, 32, 42, they may be arranged at different intervals in the circumferential direction. In addition, the gasifiers 1, 2, 3, and 4 are described as using a fixed bed downdraft system in the embodiments, but an updraft system having an air intake port on the side opposite to the opening 72 for supplying the raw material and a gas exhaust port on the opening 72 side may be used.

1, 2, 3, 4 gasifier 10, 20, 30, 40 furnace wall 12, 22, 32, 42 variable furnace wall plate 14, 24, 34, 44 side surface 16, 26, 36, 46 base end 18, 28, 38, 48 tip 50 first notch 52 second notch 54 inclined surface 56 third notch Part 60 Rotating shaft member 62 Worm wheel 64 Cylindrical worm 66 Link shaft member 68 Universal joint 70 Reactor 72 Opening 74 Fire grate 80 Discharge part 82 Ash discharge port 84 Gas discharge port 90 Holding frame 92 Lower frame 94 Upper frame 96 Side frame 100 Wood chip 101 Dry layer 102 Thermal decomposition layer 103 Oxidation layer 1 04 reduction layer 105 ash layer Air air G combustible gas D ash

Claims (10)

a reactor including a furnace wall and an opening for receiving a feedstock into an interior surrounded by the furnace wall;
a discharge unit for discharging ash generated by the heat treatment of the raw material in the reactor;
with
The furnace wall is
A plurality of rotating shaft members that are annularly provided in a plan view and can rotate about a vertical axis, and a plurality of variable furnace wall plates that rotate together with the respective rotating shaft members,
one said variable furnace wall plate is in contact with the adjacent variable furnace wall plate;
a lower frame provided on the lower end side of the reactor for rotatably supporting the rotating shaft member;
an upper frame provided on the upper end side of the reactor and rotatably supporting the rotating shaft member;
a side frame that connects the lower frame and the upper frame outside the reactor;
further comprising a holding frame comprising
Gasifier. The dimension of the variable furnace wall plate in the width direction is larger than the distance between the axes of the adjacent rotating shaft members,
2. The gasifier of claim 1 . One said variable furnace wall plate is in surface contact with the adjacent variable furnace wall plate,
3. The gasifier according to claim 1 or 2 . The variable furnace wall plate has a notch in a portion that is in surface contact with the adjacent variable furnace wall plate,
4. The gasifier of claim 3 . The notch includes an inclined surface,
5. The gasifier of claim 4 . The rotating shaft member is provided on one end side in the width direction of the variable furnace wall plate,
6. Gasifier according to any one of claims 1-5 . The variable furnace wall plate is provided symmetrically with respect to a line passing through the axis of the rotating shaft member and parallel to the longitudinal direction in a plan view,
7. Gasifier according to any one of claims 1-6 . a worm wheel rotatable together with the rotating shaft member;
a cylindrical worm meshing with the worm wheel;
a link shaft member that rotatably connects the adjacent cylindrical worms together;
comprising a
8. Gasifier according to any one of claims 1-7 . A bidirectional ratchet capable of switching the direction of idle rotation is provided between the rotating shaft member and the worm wheel,
9. The gasifier of claim 8 . the opening receives air;
The discharge unit discharges gas,
10. Gasifier according to any one of claims 1-9 .

Images