JP7317430B2 - 廃正極材から遷移金属を分離する方法 - Google Patents
廃正極材から遷移金属を分離する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims description 59
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 48
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 43
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 nickel metal oxide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical group [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015118 LiMO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002910 structure generation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
[化学式1]
Li1+aNi1-xMxO2
前記化学式1中、前記Mは、Co、MnおよびAlからなる群から選択される少なくともいずれか一つ以上であり、0≦a≦0.3、0≦x≦0.5である。
本発明による廃正極材から遷移金属を分離するためには、廃正極材を準備する第1ステップと、前記廃正極材を不活性ガス雰囲気下または酸素雰囲気下で熱処理して、リチウム酸化物および金属酸化物に相分離する第2ステップと、前記第2ステップの取得物を不活性雰囲気下で、常温まで冷却する第3ステップと、前記第3ステップで常温まで冷却した冷却品に蒸留水を混合し濾過して、遷移金属を浸出する第4ステップとを含む。
Li1+aNi1-xMxO2
実施例1
LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2を正極活物質として含む廃正極材を準備した(第1ステップ)。前記廃正極材を窒素雰囲気下、850℃で熱処理して前記廃正極材の相をLi2OとNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05Oに分離した(第2ステップ)。
廃正極材を大気雰囲気下、950℃で熱処理する以外は、前記実施例1と同じ方法で、廃正極材から遷移金属をリチウム酸化物(LiOH)および金属酸化物(Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O)の形態に分離した。
前記第1ステップ~第4ステップを4回繰り返して行う以外は、前記実施例1と同じ方法で、廃正極材から遷移金属をリチウム酸化物(LiOH)および金属酸化物(Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O)の形態に分離した。
相分離した廃正極材を酸素雰囲気下で、常温まで冷却する以外は、前記実施例1と同じ方法で、廃正極材から遷移金属をリチウム酸化物(LiOH)および金属酸化物(Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O)の形態に分離した。
750℃で熱処理する以外は、前記実施例1と同じ方法で、廃正極材から遷移金属をリチウム酸化物(LiOH)および金属酸化物(Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O)の形態に分離した。
酸素雰囲気下、850℃で熱処理する以外は、前記実施例1と同じ方法で、廃正極材から遷移金属をリチウム酸化物(LiOH)および金属酸化物(Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O)の形態に分離した。
前記実施例1の廃正極材の相分離特性を確認するために、実施例1の廃正極材の熱処理時に、700℃から830℃に昇温しながら、この時の正極材の相変化を観察した。
前記実施例1~2および比較例1で熱処理の後、常温まで冷却した後の廃正極材の相変化を観察した。
前記実施例1~3、比較例2および3で分離した遷移金属の分離純度を確認するために、Panalytical社製のEmpyrean XRD装置を用いて、この時の単位格子のサイズを確認しており、これを下記表1に示した。
Claims (12)
- 下記化学式1で表される廃正極材を準備する第1ステップと、
前記廃正極材を不活性ガス雰囲気下または酸素雰囲気下で熱処理して、リチウム酸化物および金属酸化物に相分離する第2ステップと、
前記第2ステップの取得物を不活性雰囲気下で、常温まで冷却する第3ステップと、
前記第3ステップで常温まで冷却した冷却品に蒸留水を混合し濾過して、遷移金属を浸出する第4ステップと、を含み、
前記第1ステップ~第4ステップを1回~4回繰り返して行う、廃正極材から遷移金属を分離する方法。
[化学式1]
Li1+aNi1-xMxO2
前記化学式1中、
前記Mは、Co、MnおよびAlからなる群から選択される少なくともいずれか一つ以上であり、
0≦a≦0.3、0≦x≦0.5である。 - 前記第2ステップで、酸素雰囲気下、900℃以上で熱処理を行う、請求項1に記載の廃正極材から遷移金属を分離する方法。
- 前記酸素雰囲気下、900℃~1,000℃で熱処理を行う、請求項2に記載の廃正極材から遷移金属を分離する方法。
- 前記第2ステップで、不活性ガス雰囲気下、800℃以上で熱処理を行う、請求項1に記載の廃正極材から遷移金属を分離する方法。
- 前記不活性ガス雰囲気下、800℃~950℃で熱処理を行う、請求項4に記載の廃正極材から遷移金属を分離する方法。
- 前記第2ステップの不活性ガス雰囲気は、不活性ガス100体積%に対して、水素ガスを10体積%以下さらに含む、請求項4または5に記載の廃正極材から遷移金属を分離する方法。
- 前記第1ステップの廃正極材は、リチウム以外の遷移金属の全モル数に対してニッケルが80モル%以上含まれる、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の廃正極材から遷移金属を分離する方法。
- 前記第3ステップで冷却時に降温速度が1℃/min~10℃/minである、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の廃正極材から遷移金属を分離する方法。
- 前記第4ステップで、前記冷却品と蒸留水を1:0.3~1:2の重量比で混合する、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の廃正極材から遷移金属を分離する方法。
- 前記第4ステップで浸出された遷移金属は、リチウム酸化物と蒸留水が反応して形成したリチウム水酸化物を含むリチウム化合物の形態である、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の廃正極材から遷移金属を分離する方法。
- 前記第4ステップで浸出された遷移金属は、ニッケルおよびM(この際、前記Mは、Co、MnおよびAlからなる群から選択される少なくともいずれか一つ以上)を含むニッケル金属酸化物の形態である、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の廃正極材から遷移金属を分離する方法。
- 第4ステップで分離した遷移金属をXRDで測定した単位格子のサイズが0.42nm~0.4165nmである時に、前記遷移金属が80%以上の純度を有すると判断する、請求項1に記載の廃正極材から遷移金属を分離する方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR10-2019-0168318 | 2019-12-16 | ||
| KR1020190168318A KR102750747B1 (ko) | 2019-12-16 | 2019-12-16 | 폐양극재로부터 전이금속을 분리하는 방법 |
| PCT/KR2020/018324 WO2021125735A1 (ko) | 2019-12-16 | 2020-12-15 | 폐양극재로부터 전이금속을 분리하는 방법 |
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| CN113636605A (zh) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-11-12 | 华中科技大学 | 完全失效三元正极材料低成本空气条件下的物理修复方法 |
| KR20240036328A (ko) * | 2022-09-13 | 2024-03-20 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 유동층 반응기 및 이를 이용한 리튬 이차 전지의 활성 금속 회수 방법 |
| WO2024167390A1 (ko) * | 2023-02-09 | 2024-08-15 | 서강대학교산학협력단 | 폐 양극 재료 또는 금속 화합물로부터 유가 금속을 회수하는 방법 |
| JP2024143839A (ja) | 2023-03-30 | 2024-10-11 | Jx金属株式会社 | リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン電池用正極、リチウムイオン電池、リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質の前駆体の製造方法及びリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質の製造方法 |
| JP2025083172A (ja) | 2023-11-20 | 2025-05-30 | Jx金属株式会社 | リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン電池用正極、リチウムイオン電池、リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質の前駆体の製造方法及びリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質の製造方法 |
| JP2025083926A (ja) | 2023-11-21 | 2025-06-02 | Jx金属株式会社 | リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン電池用正極、リチウムイオン電池、リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質の前駆体の製造方法及びリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質の製造方法 |
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| US12266771B2 (en) | 2025-04-01 |
| CN113784922A (zh) | 2021-12-10 |
| JP2022532575A (ja) | 2022-07-15 |
| US20220320617A1 (en) | 2022-10-06 |
| KR20210076778A (ko) | 2021-06-24 |
| CN113784922B (zh) | 2023-06-20 |
| EP3951979B1 (en) | 2024-02-07 |
| WO2021125735A1 (ko) | 2021-06-24 |
| KR102750747B1 (ko) | 2025-01-08 |
| EP3951979A1 (en) | 2022-02-09 |
| EP3951979A4 (en) | 2022-08-17 |
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