JP7322867B2 - Apparatus for cutting metal material, method for cutting metal material, and method for manufacturing metal molded material - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a metal material cutting apparatus, a metal material cutting method, and a metal forming material manufacturing method.

Thermal cutting such as gas cutting, plasma cutting, and laser cutting, and mechanical cutting using a saw or the like are known as methods for cutting metal materials such as steel. For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses a cutting system that automatically gas-cuts a plurality of steel pieces (metal materials) arranged side by side using a cutting tip (cutting machine).

As disclosed in Patent Document 1, in recent years, in order to increase the efficiency of the cutting work of metal materials, mechanization and robotization of the cutting work have been promoted. In the automatic cutting of the metal material, the metal material is cut by the cutter while moving the cutter along the arranged metal materials or moving the metal material relative to the cutter. Here, cutting systems are often designed on the premise that a piece cut from a metal material falls under its own weight and is separated from the base material.

JP 2019-136714 A

In such a metal material cutting system, a piece cut from the metal material falls in the direction of gravity and is separated from the base material, thereby completing the cutting operation. However, a piece cut from a metal material sometimes gets caught on a base material or the like and does not drop well, and even if the metal material cutting work is mechanized or robotized, the efficiency of automatic cutting has not been sufficiently improved.

Especially in gas cutting, since the metal material is cut while being melted, molten metal called slag or slag adheres to the vicinity of the cut surface immediately after cutting. For this reason, if a piece cut from a metal material remains in contact with the base material for some reason, there is a risk that the cut surface will re-weld to the base material due to slag or slag.

For example, in order to increase the efficiency of automatic cutting of metal materials, a plurality of metal materials are arranged close to each other, and these metal materials are sequentially cut. In this case, if the piece cut from the metal material is caught between another adjacent metal material and is prevented from falling, the piece may remain in contact with the base material without being separated from the base material. Alternatively, if the cut surface of the metal material is wide, the cut piece may re-weld to the base material due to the slag at the cutting start portion when the cutting of the cut surface is completed.

In this way, if a piece cut from the metal material gets caught and is prevented from falling, or if re-welding occurs due to the wide cut surface of the metal material, etc., it is conventionally necessary to temporarily stop the cutting system. there were. Before the slag solidifies completely, the operator inserts a jig such as a crowbar into the cut surface to separate the cut pieces from the base material, or knocks the cut pieces off the base material. Even if the material cutting work was mechanized and robotized, the efficiency of automatic cutting was not sufficiently improved.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and is capable of increasing the efficiency of automatic cutting of metal materials, a metal material cutting apparatus, a metal material cutting method, and a method of manufacturing a metal molded material. It provides

Means for solving the above problems are as follows.
[1] A metal material cutting device comprising: a support member that supports the metal material by raising the cutting position of the metal material; a cutting machine that cuts the metal material; and an actuator that vibrates the metal material.
[2] The metal material cutting apparatus according to [1], wherein the cutting machine is one of a gas cutting machine, a plasma cutting machine, and a laser cutting machine.
[3] The support member includes a first support member and a second support member that support the metal material at positions separated from each other, and the cutting position is between the first support member and the second support member. [1] or A cutting device for metal materials according to [2].
[4] The metal material cutting apparatus according to [1], wherein the waveform of the excitation force of the actuator includes a frequency component that excites a primary vibration mode of the metal material.
[5] The metal material cutting device according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the metal material is a soft magnetic material, and the actuator is an electromagnet.
[6] Cutting the metal material using the metal material cutting apparatus according to any one of [1] to [5], and further vibrating the metal material to prevent the falling of the metal material pieces. A method of cutting a metal material that accelerates and separates the section from the base material.
[7] The method for cutting a metal material according to [6], wherein a plurality of the metal materials are arranged close to each other, and the cutting position of each of the metal materials is sequentially cut.
[8] The method for cutting a metal material according to [6] or [7], wherein vibration of the metal material is started during cutting of the metal material.
[9] Using the method for cutting a metal material according to any one of [6] to [8], the metal material is cut, and a piece of the metal material is separated from the base material to produce a metal molded material. A method for manufacturing a metal molding.

According to the metal material cutting apparatus, the metal material cutting method, and the metal forming material manufacturing method of the present invention, the metal material supported by the support member with the cutting position of the metal material raised is cut by a cutting machine, Furthermore, by applying vibrations with the actuator, the falling of the piece of metal material is promoted, and the piece can be easily and reliably separated from the base material. Therefore, since the work of separating the section from the base material does not occur, the efficiency of automatic cutting of the metal material can be improved. In addition, it is possible to produce a metal molding having excellent cut surface properties in a short period of time.

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an example of a metal material cutting apparatus, a metal material cutting method, and a metal forming material manufacturing method according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view of an example of the apparatus for cutting a metal material, the method for cutting a metal material, and the method for manufacturing a metal molding material according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a side view showing another example of the metal material cutting apparatus, the metal material cutting method, and the metal forming material manufacturing method of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of cutting a metal material and dropping a piece in the metal material cutting apparatus, the metal material cutting method, and the metal forming material manufacturing method of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the vibration of the metal material and the dropping of the cut pieces in the metal material cutting apparatus, the metal material cutting method, and the metal forming material manufacturing method of the present invention. FIG. 6 shows another example of the cutting of the metal material, the vibration of the metal material, and the dropping of the cut piece in the metal material cutting apparatus, the metal material cutting method, and the metal forming material manufacturing method of the present invention. It is a diagram.

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, with reference to drawings, embodiment of the cutting apparatus of a metal material, the cutting method of a metal material, and the manufacturing method of a metal molding material of this invention is described concretely.
<Cutting equipment for metal materials>
The metal material cutting apparatus 1 of the present embodiment cuts in order a plurality of metal materials arranged in close contact with each other or close to each other to manufacture a metal formed material, It can be used, for example, when cutting (cutting) the ends of a metal material to produce a metal molding.

1 and 2 show a metal material cutting apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 shows a metal material cutting device 2 of a modified example of the present embodiment. In this embodiment, a long steel material W having a rectangular cross section is taken as a metal material to be cut. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, the four sides of the end face of the long steel material W are chamfered by a gas cutter 13 for the purpose of ensuring biting when the steel material W is rolled. An example of processing into a pyramid shape will be described.

The cut surface of the steel material W by the metal material cutting apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is not limited to the direction perpendicular to the length direction of the steel material W. As shown in FIGS. It also includes cutting at angles in various directions.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the metal material cutting apparatus 1 of the present embodiment includes a plurality of long steel materials (metal material ) by floating the cutting position Wc of each W, a first supporting member 11 and a second supporting member 12 for supporting the steel material W, a cutting machine 13 for gas cutting the steel material W, and an actuator for vibrating the steel material W 14. As the first support member 11 and the second support member 12, for example, a jig called sunfish or a stool can be used. is placed to support the steel material W. By supporting the steel material W with the cutting position Wc of the steel material W floating by the first support member 11 and the second support member 12, a piece cut from the steel material W is dropped so as to be separated from the base material. can be done.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in this embodiment, as a support member that supports the steel material W, positions near both ends of the long steel material W are supported so that the support interval L is about 10 m, for example. A first support member 11 and a second support member 12 are provided. In other words, the steel material W is supported by the first support member 11 and the second support member 12 in the form of a double-end support beam with both ends sticking out. When the ratio of the support interval L to the length of the steel material W increases, the steel material W bends in a bow shape due to its own weight, and the central portion is lowered. Other support members may be added between the support members 12 to increase the number of support members to three or more.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cutting position Wc of the steel material W is set outside the section between the first support member 11 and the second support member 12 .

The actuator 14 is arranged below the steel material W between the first support member 11 and the second support member 12, and the two support points by the first support member 11 and the second support member 12 vibrate. The steel material W is vibrated so that it becomes a node. When the steel material W is vibrated in this way, the outer side of the section between the first support member 11 and the second support member 12 of the steel material W is divided between the first support member 11 and the second support member 12 . It vibrates in a phase opposite to that in the section between the members 12 .

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the actuator 14 is arranged near the center position between the first support member 11 and the second support member 12 to vibrate the antinode of the vibration. By doing so, the steel material W can be vibrated more effectively, which is preferable.

As shown in FIG. 2, in the metal material cutting apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, one actuator 14 is provided below each of the plurality of long steel materials W. As shown in FIG.

Here, the cutting position Wc of the steel material W must be floated and supported by a supporting member. The ends may be placed directly on the floor. By doing so, the steel material W can be supported at two positions separated from each other by one supporting member 11 and the floor, and the number of supporting members can be reduced.

The cutting position Wc of the steel material W is separated from the adjacent support member (first support member 11) by a predetermined distance or more according to the support interval L (when the support interval L is about 10 m, the predetermined distance is, for example, 500 mm or more). In this way, by vibrating the central portion of the steel material W, the cutting position Wc of the steel material W is also effectively vibrated as shown in FIGS. is preferred.

It is preferable that the waveform of the excitation force of the actuator 14 is set so as to include a frequency component that excites the primary vibration mode of the long steel material W.

Let the support distance between the first support member 11 and the second support member 12 be L (m), the cross-sectional area of the steel material W be S (m ² ), and the mass per unit volume of the steel material W be ρ (kg/ m ³ ), the second moment of area of the steel material W is I (m ⁴ ), and the Young's modulus of the steel material W is E (N/m ² ). , the first-order natural frequency ω ₁ (Hz), the second-order natural frequency ω ₂ (Hz), the third-order natural frequency ω ₃ (Hz), .

The greater the amplitude of vibration of the steel material W, the greater the effect of sifting out the pieces cut from the steel material W. In a simple shape such as a long steel material W, the amplitude of vibration increases as the vibration mode becomes lower. Therefore, it is preferable to cause the actuator 14 to generate an excitation force having a waveform containing the frequency component of the primary natural frequency of the steel material W to excite the steel material W in the primary vibration mode.

Specifically, if the waveform of the excitation force of the actuator 14 includes, for example, a frequency component in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times the primary natural frequency of the steel material W, the steel material W resonates. Therefore, the steel material W can be greatly excited with a smaller excitation force.

In addition, even in secondary or higher vibration modes, the vibration of the steel material W produces the effect of sifting out the pieces. You may choose the frequency component of .

Further, even at frequencies other than the vibration modes described above, the steel material W can be vibrated to some extent, and the effect of sieving out the pieces cut from the steel material W can be obtained.

The steel material W is supported by the first supporting member 11 and the second supporting member 12 only on the lower surface side, and is not restrained on the upper surface side. For this reason, even if another support member is added between the first support member 11 and the second support member 12 to increase the number of support members to three or more, the steel material W is primarily Vibrate in vibration mode. Therefore, in this case, the first-order natural frequency ω ₁ (Hz) can be obtained from equation (1), where the distance between the first support member 11 and the second support member 12 is defined as the support distance L.

For example, an electromagnet, a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, or the like can be used as the actuator 14 that applies a periodic excitation force to the steel material W. When using a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder, the piston rod of the hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder is periodically moved up and down between the first support member 11 and the second support member 12, and the tip of the piston rod The steel material W is vibrated by pushing up the lower surface of the steel material W with .

In this embodiment, since the steel material W is a soft magnetic material, an electromagnet is used as the actuator 14 as shown in FIGS. A signal generated by a signal generator 15 and amplified by an amplifier 16 is input to the actuator 14, thereby generating a magnetic force that changes periodically, and the steel material W is excited by this magnetic force.

The steel material W is attracted by the magnetic force both when the upper side of the actuator 14 composed of an electromagnet becomes the N pole and when it becomes the S pole. is twice the frequency of the signal generated by That is, in order for the waveform of the excitation force of the actuator 14 to include frequency components in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times the primary natural frequency of the steel material W, the signal generator 15 generates It is sufficient to set the frequency of the signal to be in the range of 0.4 to 0.6 times the primary natural frequency of the steel material W.

Thus, by using an electromagnet as the actuator 14, the steel material W can be vibrated from a remote location without directly contacting the steel material W, compared to the case of using a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder. can be prevented from being scratched.

In addition, by setting the actuator 14 below the steel material W and vibrating the steel material W, the steel material W can be vibrated in the vertical direction, that is, in the direction in which a piece cut from the steel material W falls. Dropping of the cut piece from the steel material W can be promoted more effectively than in the case of vibrating in the horizontal direction.

In this embodiment, the four sides of the end surface of the long steel material W are chamfered by gas cutting to be processed into a pyramid shape. First, as shown in FIG. 4, the left and right sides of the end surface of the steel material W are chamfered . At this time, the piece W1 cut from the steel material W may be caught between other adjacent steel materials W and prevented from falling.

At this time, as shown in FIG. 5, by vibrating the steel material W by the actuator 14, the fall of the piece W1 is promoted, and the piece W1 can be easily and reliably separated from the base material W0.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 6, when chamfering the upper side of the end face of the steel material W, a section W2 cut from the steel material W is caught on the base material 0 by the frictional force generated on the cut surface due to its own weight. may prevent you from falling. In this case also, by vibrating the steel material W by the actuator 14, the drop of the piece W2 is promoted, and the piece W2 can be easily and reliably separated from the base material W0.
<Method for cutting metal material, method for manufacturing metal molded material>
In the method for cutting a metal material according to the present embodiment, the steel material W is cut using the above-described metal material cutting apparatuses 1 and 2, and the steel material W is vibrated to accelerate the dropping of the pieces of the steel material W, The section is separated from the base material.

In addition, in the method for manufacturing the metal forming material of the present embodiment, the steel material W is cut using the above-described method for cutting a metal material, and the pieces W1 and W2 of the steel material W are separated from the base material W0 to obtain the metal forming material. is manufactured.

Specifically, the method for cutting a metal material and the method for manufacturing a metal forming material according to the present embodiment are performed, for example, by the following procedures.

First, on the first support member 11 and the second support member 12, a plurality of steel materials W are arranged in parallel and close to each other. Next, the cutting machine 13 sequentially cuts the steel material W at each cutting position Wc. Furthermore, the steel material W is vibrated by the actuator 14, and a piece cut from the steel material W is screened out, thereby manufacturing a metal formed material from the steel material W.

The timing at which the actuator 14 starts vibrating the steel material W may be before the cutting of the steel material W by the cutter 13 is started, during cutting, or after the cutting is completed. However, if the steel material W is vibrated before starting cutting, the cutting position Wc may be displaced and the cutting accuracy may be lowered. Further, if the steel material W is vibrated after cutting, solidification of slag and slag on the cut surface may start, and the cut piece may re-weld to the base material.

In order to prevent this, it is preferable to start vibrating the steel material W during cutting of the steel material W, that is, from after the start of cutting to before the end of cutting. It is even more preferred to start with In this way, compared to the case where the vibration of the steel material W is started before the start of cutting, it is possible to prevent the cutting position Wc from shifting due to the vibration, and compared to the case where the vibration is started after the end of cutting, the slice is more likely to move. Re-welding to the base material can be prevented.

In this embodiment, as described above, one actuator 14 is provided below each of the plurality of long steel materials W. As shown in FIG. As a result, the vibration timing of each actuator 14 is staggered so that the actuators 14 arranged below the steel material W to be cut first (in FIG. 2, Vibration of the steel material W can be started immediately before the end of cutting of each steel material W by starting the vibration in order from the upper actuator 14 .

In this way, by vibrating the steel material W and promoting the dropping of the pieces cut from the steel material W, the pieces can be reliably and easily separated from the base material, and the efficiency of the automatic cutting work can be improved. In particular, as in this embodiment, when a plurality of steel materials W are arranged so as to be in contact with each other without gaps or close to each other and cut in order, the pieces are likely to re-weld to the base material. The effects of the present invention are exhibited.

Although the embodiments of the metal material cutting device, the metal material cutting method, and the metal forming material manufacturing method of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.

For example, in the above embodiment, the actuator 14 is arranged below the steel material W whose both ends are supported by two support members (the first support member 11 and the second support member 12) to move the steel material W vertically. vibrate to Alternatively, for example, the steel material may be placed on a single table-shaped support member so that the cutting position protrudes so that the steel material floats, and the support member is vibrated in the horizontal direction. Even with such a configuration, the steel material W placed on the support member can be vibrated in the horizontal direction to screen out the pieces cut from the steel material.

Further, in the above embodiment, an example of gas cutting the steel material W has been described, but instead of this, when thermal cutting is performed by a plasma cutting machine, a laser cutting machine, or the like, re-welding of the cut piece to the base material occurs. The effect of the present invention is exhibited easily. Furthermore, even when mechanical cutting is performed, the cut pieces may get caught between adjacent steel materials and be prevented from falling. can be dropped.

Further, in the above embodiment, the actuator 14 is arranged below the central position between the first support member 11 and the second support member 12, but the position where the actuator 14 is arranged can be anywhere as long as the excitation force of the actuator reaches the steel material.

A steel material W cutting test was conducted according to the metal material cutting apparatus, the metal material cutting method, and the metal material manufacturing method of the present invention, and the effect of the present invention was verified. The results will be described below.

The steel material W to be cut is a rectangular billet steel of 12 m in length and 160 mm square (cross-sectional area S: 2.56 × 10 ^-2 m ² , mass per unit volume ρ: 7850 kg/m ³ , Young's modulus E: 211.4 GPa).

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, 20 steel materials W were arranged in parallel and close to each other on a first support member 11 and a second support member 12, and supported with a support interval L of 10 m. . The size of the gap between adjacent steel materials W was set to 3 mm. The cutting position Wc of the steel material was set 500 mm outside the position supported by the first support member 11 .

Also, as shown in FIG. 3, in the example where the end of the steel material W opposite to the cutting position Wc is directly placed on the floor, the support interval L is set to 10 m, the height of the support member 11 is set to 500 mm, and other A cutting test was performed under the same conditions as above.

The first-order natural frequency ω ₁ of the beam model of the steel material W supported at both ends is calculated as 23.4 rad/s=3.8 Hz from the above equation (1).

A total of 20 actuators 14 were installed below each steel material W at the central point between the first support member 11 and the second support member 12 so that the distance from the lower surface of the steel material W was 50 mm. . As the actuator 14, an electromagnet with 200 turns, a core cross-sectional shape of 100 mm×100 mm, and a wire diameter of 2 mm was used.

When the cutting machine 13 started gas cutting, the electromagnet was kept off, and immediately before the end of gas cutting, the electromagnet was turned on to start vibrating the steel material W. A sine wave of 3.8 Hz was supplied from a signal generator 15 through an amplifier 16 at a maximum current value of 10 A to generate a periodically changing magnetic force as an excitation force.

As a result, in both the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and the example shown in FIG. 3, the primary vibration mode of the steel material W is excited and the steel material W vibrates. The section fell without being caught on the base material. As a result, it was confirmed that the work of separating the section from the base material or knocking the section off from the base material by the operator does not occur, and that the steel material cutting work can be completely automated.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1, 2 metal material cutting device 11 first supporting member 12 second supporting member 13 cutting machine (gas cutting machine)
14 actuator (electromagnet)
15 signal generator 16 amplifier L support interval W metal material (steel material)
Wc Cutting position W0 Base material W1, W2 Section

Claims (8)

a support member that supports the metal material by floating the cutting position of the metal material;
a cutting machine for cutting the metal material;
an actuator that vibrates the metal material ,
The support member includes a first support member and a second support member that support the metal material at positions separated from each other,
The cutting position is set outside the section between the first support member and the second support member,
The actuator is arranged below the metal material between the first support member and the second support member. 2. The metal material cutting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cutting machine is one of a gas cutting machine, a plasma cutting machine, and a laser cutting machine. 3. The metal material cutting apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the waveform of the excitation force of said actuator includes a frequency component that excites a primary vibration mode of said metal material. 4. The metal material cutting apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said metal material is a soft magnetic material, and said actuator is an electromagnet. Using the metal material cutting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , the metal material is cut, and the metal material is vibrated to promote the falling of the metal material pieces, A method of cutting a metal material, wherein the section is separated from the base material. 6. The method of cutting a metal material according to claim 5 , wherein a plurality of said metal materials are arranged close to each other, and said cutting position of each of said metal materials is cut. The method for cutting a metal material according to claim 5 or 6 , wherein the vibration of the metal material is started while the metal material is being cut. Using the method for cutting a metal material according to any one of claims 5 to 7 , the metal material is cut, and a piece of the metal material is separated from the base material to produce a metal molded material. A method of manufacturing moldings.

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