JP7340336B2 - Virtual currency distribution system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to the technical field of peer-to-peer networks in which virtual currency using blockchain technology is distributed.

Generally, rental contracts and sales contracts between real estate owners and customers are concluded through intermediaries. In recent years, real estate information sites that provide real estate property information to customer terminals via the Internet have become popular. Patent Document 1 discloses a real estate brokerage support system that supports real estate brokerage via a network.

JP2006-079497A

However, currently, real estate rental contracts and sales contracts require complex processes such as determining the real estate subject to the contract and verifying the identity of the other party, resulting in the problem of low real estate liquidity. be.

One of the objects of the present invention is to facilitate the transfer of rights regarding real estate and increase the liquidity of real estate without requiring complicated processes such as determining the real estate and verifying the identity of the other party.

The present invention is a peer-to-peer network formed by a plurality of nodes each operated by a plurality of users, and in which virtual currency using blockchain technology is distributed. Issue a token. The second node then records the real estate rights token issued by the first node on the blockchain.

According to the present invention, it is possible to realize the transfer of rights regarding real estate without the need for complex processes such as determining the real estate and verifying the identity of the other party, thereby promoting the transfer of rights regarding real estate and improving the liquidity of real estate. can be increased.

1 is a conceptual diagram showing an outline of the operation of a virtual currency distribution system S of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the flow of processing of each node Nn when exchanging virtual currency and ownership tokens. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the flow of processing of each node Nn when exchanging virtual currency and usage right tokens.

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the virtual currency distribution system S of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the embodiments below, real estate rights tokens representing rights related to real estate include a token representing ownership of real estate (hereinafter referred to as "ownership token") and a token representing right to use real estate (hereinafter referred to as "usage token"). The explanation will be given by taking as an example the "right token").

[ 1. Basic operation example of virtual currency distribution system S ]
First, an example of the basic operation of the virtual currency distribution system S will be described with reference to FIG.

In the virtual currency distribution system S, a peer-to-peer network NW is formed by a plurality of nodes Nn (n=1, 2, 3, . . . ) each operated by a plurality of users. The node Nn is a computer that can be connected to a network such as the Internet. Examples of computers include smartphones, tablets, personal computers, servers, and the like. A blockchain (blockchain ledger) is stored in each node Nn. As a result, virtual currencies using blockchain technology are being distributed on peer-to-peer networks NW (that is, blockchain). Note that examples of virtual currencies include Bitcoin (registered trademark), Ethereum, NEM, etc. Each node Nn is identified by an account represented by a unique private key.

Users of node Nn are real estate buyers, tenants, and SPVs (Special Purpose Vehicles). The SPV becomes the seller or lender of real estate entrusted by the real estate owner. The buyer purchases virtual currency from node N2 on the peer-to-peer network NW and holds virtual currency tokens. Sellers and lenders can issue ownership tokens and usage rights tokens representing ownership and usage rights of real estate on the peer-to-peer network NW from node N1. Ownership tokens from multiple sellers and usage rights tokens from multiple lenders will be published on the peer-to-peer network NW. When buyers and borrowers discover ownership tokens and usage rights tokens that can be purchased with their virtual currency, they can execute transactions with these ownership tokens and usage rights tokens. The buyer and seller can recognize the completion of the sale when the transaction between the ownership token and the virtual currency token is completed. The lessee and the lessor can recognize the establishment of the lease when a transaction between the usage right token and the virtual currency token is established. In other words, when the conditions match, it is recognized on the peer-to-peer network NW that an exchange (transaction) has been established between node N1: virtual currency token (equivalent to real estate purchase/rental price) and node N2: ownership token and usage right token. can do.

A smart contract (program) that can be executed on a virtual machine (EVM (Etherum Virtual Machine), etc.) within the node Nn allows real estate purchase and sale contracts to be established on the blockchain without using an intermediary. When multiple ownership tokens are prepared, the buyer can select the ownership token that can be purchased according to the amount of virtual currency tokens he/she owns and complete the transaction. When multiple virtual currency tokens are associated with one ownership token, it is possible to complete an exchange with the first-ranked virtual currency token or with the highest value virtual currency token. It is also possible to issue multiple usage right tokens. The tokenization of the right to use real estate may be performed by the SPV. Usage rights tokens are associated with ownership tokens. The owner of the ownership token specifies the usage period of the usage right token from node N1 (or N2) and issues the usage right token. The period of use is the rental period of the condominium. This period is the period of stay at accommodation facilities such as hotels. On the other hand, the borrower purchases virtual currency from node N3 and holds virtual currency tokens. The tenant and the landlord can exchange node N1 (or N2): a virtual currency token (equivalent to real estate rent) and node N3: usage right token. For example, a real estate rental transaction can be completed on a blockchain without using an intermediary by using a smart contract that can be executed on a virtual machine within the node Nn.

As a token, a key token representing an electronic smart key can be issued. The key token can be managed by an electronic wallet corresponding to the borrower's node N3. If the tenant's node N3 is a smartphone, when the smartphone is placed over a communication unit provided at the front door of the real estate property, the key token is authenticated by the smartphone and the communication unit, and the front door is unlocked. By using the key token, the tenant who has acquired the usage right token can quickly use the real estate.

[ 1-1. Example of processing of each node Nn when exchanging virtual currency and ownership token ]
With reference to FIG. 2, an example of processing of each node Nn when exchanging virtual currency (virtual currency token) and ownership token will be described. The processing of each node Nn is executed according to the user's operation.

As shown in FIG. 2, the seller's node N1 receives real estate registration data and incidental data that can uniquely identify the target real estate entrusted by the real estate owner, for example, from the registration information system S or the real estate company's site on the Internet. (Step S1). Real estate registration data and ancillary data are real estate information required in normal real estate contracts. The real estate information includes, for example, the name of the owner, the name of the building, and the location. Note that the seller of the real estate may be the owner of the real estate instead of the SPV.

Next, the seller's node N1 generates an ownership token (tokenizes the ownership of the real estate) that can be exchanged for virtual currency on the peer-to-peer network NW based on the acquired real estate registration data and ancillary data (step S2). . For example, the ownership token may be a return value (hash value) output from a cryptographic hash function by inputting real estate registration data and ancillary data as arguments to the cryptographic hash function. In addition, when generating the ownership token, the seller's node N1 generates a usage right token that can be exchanged on the peer-to-peer network NW based on the generated ownership token (that is, tokenizes the usage right of real estate). good. The generated usage right token is, for example, linked to an ownership token. Note that the ownership token and the usage right token may be generated by a computer other than the node N1 and passed to the node N1.

The seller's node N1 then issues the generated ownership token on the peer-to-peer network NW. Specifically, the seller node N1 generates an ownership token issuance transaction and broadcasts it to the peer-to-peer network NW (step S3). This issuance transaction includes, for example, the ownership token (or ownership token + right-of-use token), the purchase price of the property, the address of the seller (the holder of the ownership token), the seller's public key, the seller's signature, and It includes the generation date and time of the issuance transaction (date and time of issuance of ownership token), etc. Here, signature refers to, for example, encrypting a hash value of a transaction with a private key and adding encrypted signature data to the transaction. A public/private key pair is generated when an address is generated. The address will be used to receive virtual currency or tokens.

The issued transaction thus broadcast is distributed to all nodes Nn(all) forming the peer-to-peer network NW. Then, the issued transaction is verified by, for example, a mining node Nn, and if the verification result is good (verification success), it is recorded on the blockchain (step S4). Verification in this case includes verifications such as whether the issuing transaction includes necessary information, whether the information on the issuing transaction is correct, and whether the seller's signature has been verified. Note that, as is well known, recording on the blockchain occurs after a plurality of nodes Nn perform calculation processing based on Proof of Work on a block that is a set of various broadcast transactions.

By recording the issuance transaction on the blockchain, the seller will be exposed as the rightful holder of the ownership token on WorldState. The world state is a global variable that can be referenced by the smart contract of each node Nn. Then, the real estate information corresponding to the ownership token and information such as the purchase price of the real estate are published, for example, on a real estate transaction site that each node Nn can access on the Internet. This allows the buyer to view real estate information corresponding to the ownership token and information such as the purchase price of the real estate. Note that examples of the purchase price for real estate include all or part of the purchase price (for example, a down payment).

On the other hand, the real estate buyer node N2 accesses the node Nn that plays the role of a virtual currency exchange, and transmits a virtual currency purchase message (step S5). The purchase message describes the amount of virtual currency requested by the buyer. Node Nn, which plays the role of a virtual currency exchange, generates a purchase transaction after confirming that there is a payment of currency equivalent to the requested amount of virtual currency in response to the purchase message from buyer node N2. and broadcast to the peer-to-peer network NW (step S6). The purchase transaction thus broadcast is distributed to all nodes Nn(all) forming the peer-to-peer network NW. Then, the purchase transaction is verified by, for example, the mining node Nn, and if the verification result is good, it is recorded on the blockchain (step S7).

Next, the buyer's node N2 receives, for example, a specification of real estate information from a buyer browsing a real estate transaction site, generates an exchange transaction between the ownership token and virtual currency corresponding to the specified real estate information, and sends it to the peer-to-peer network NW. Broadcast (step S8). In other words, an offer to exchange ownership tokens for virtual currency is posted to World State using a smart contract. This exchange transaction includes, for example, the ownership token to be exchanged for the virtual currency, the address of the seller (to whom the virtual currency is paid), the amount of virtual currency equivalent to the purchase price of the real estate, the buyer (the source of the virtual currency payment) The information includes the public key of the transaction, the hash value of the underlying transaction, the hash value of the ownership token issuance transaction, the buyer's signature, and the date and time of generation of the exchange transaction.

The exchange transaction thus broadcast is distributed to all nodes Nn(all) forming the peer-to-peer network NW. Then, the exchange transaction is verified by, for example, the mining node Nn, and if the verification result is good, it is recorded on the blockchain (step S9). In this case, verification includes whether the exchange transaction contains the necessary information, whether the information in the exchange transaction is correct, and whether the amount of virtual currency described in the exchange transaction is less than or equal to the amount specified from the underlying transaction. This includes verifying whether the ownership token to be exchanged is validly issued, whether the ownership token to be exchanged is held by the seller, and whether the signature of the buyer has been verified. Through such verification, a contract for the exchange of ownership tokens for virtual currency will be automatically executed. With the exchange transaction recorded on the blockchain, the buyer is exposed as the rightful holder of the ownership token on WorldState.

[ 1-2. Processing example of each node Nn when exchanging virtual currency and usage right token ]
Next, with reference to FIG. 3, a processing example of each node Nn when exchanging virtual currency (virtual currency token) and usage right token will be described. Note that the processing of each node Nn is executed according to the user's operation.

As shown in FIG. 3, the lender node N1 (or N2), which is the holder of the ownership token, acquires the usage right token linked to the ownership token (step S11). The lender's node N1 (or N2) then issues the obtained usage rights token on the peer-to-peer network NW. Specifically, the lender's node N1 (or N2) generates a usage right token issuance transaction and broadcasts it to the peer-to-peer network NW (step S12). This issuing transaction includes, for example, the usage right token, the usage period of the usage right token, the rent of the real estate, the address of the landlord (the holder of the usage right token), the landlord's public key, the landlord's signature, and the generation date and time of the issuing transaction. (date and time of issuance of usage right token), etc.

The issued transaction thus broadcast is distributed to all nodes Nn(all) forming the peer-to-peer network NW. Then, the issued transaction is verified by, for example, the mining node Nn, and if the verification result is good, it is recorded on the blockchain (step S13). Verification in this case includes verifications such as whether the issuing transaction includes necessary information, whether the information on the issuing transaction is correct, and whether the lender's signature has been verified. By recording the issuance transaction on the blockchain, the lender will be exposed as the rightful holder of the right-to-use token on WorldState. The real estate information corresponding to the usage right token and information such as the rent of the real estate are published, for example, on a real estate transaction site that each node Nn can access on the Internet. This allows the lessee to view real estate information corresponding to the usage right token and information such as the rent of the real estate. Note that examples of real estate rent include full rent for the entire period of use, or partial rent for the entire period of use (for example, one month's rent, etc.). The full rent for the entire period of use may be the accommodation fee for a hotel, guesthouse, etc.

On the other hand, the real estate tenant node N3 accesses the node Nn that plays the role of a virtual currency exchange, and transmits a virtual currency purchase message (step S14). The purchase message describes the amount of virtual currency requested by the borrower. Node Nn, which plays the role of a virtual currency exchange, generates a purchase transaction after confirming that there is a payment of currency equivalent to the requested amount of virtual currency in response to the purchase message from node N3, the borrower. and broadcast to the peer-to-peer network NW (step S15). The purchase transaction thus broadcast is distributed to all nodes Nn(all) forming the peer-to-peer network NW (step S16). Then, the purchase transaction is verified by, for example, a mining node Nn, and if the verification result is good, it is recorded on the blockchain.

Next, the borrower's node N3 receives the specification of real estate information from the borrower browsing the real estate transaction site, for example, generates an exchange transaction between the right-to-use token corresponding to the specified real estate information and the virtual currency, and sends it to the peer-to-peer network NW. Broadcast (step S17). In other words, an offer to exchange the usage right token for virtual currency is posted to World State using a smart contract. This exchange transaction includes, for example, the right-of-use token to be exchanged for virtual currency, the address of the lessor (to whom the virtual currency is paid), the amount of virtual currency equivalent to the rent of the real estate, and the address of the lessee (to whom the virtual currency is paid). It includes the public key, the hash value of the underlying transaction, the hash value of the right-of-use token issuing transaction, the borrower's signature, and the date and time of generation of the exchange transaction.

The exchange transaction thus broadcast is distributed to all nodes Nn(all) forming the peer-to-peer network NW. Then, the exchange transaction is verified by, for example, the mining node Nn, and if the verification result is good, it is recorded on the blockchain (step S18). In this case, verification includes whether the exchange transaction contains the necessary information, whether the information in the exchange transaction is correct, and whether the amount of virtual currency described in the exchange transaction is less than or equal to the amount specified from the underlying transaction. This includes verifications such as whether the right-to-use token to be exchanged is validly issued, whether the right-to-use token to be exchanged is held by the lender, and whether the signature of the borrower can be verified. Through such verification, a contract for the exchange of usage rights tokens and virtual currency will be automatically concluded. By recording the exchange transaction on the blockchain, the borrower will be exposed as the rightful holder of the usage rights token on World State.

The usage rights tokens exchanged on the peer-to-peer network NW are then deposited until usage of the usage rights tokens is detected. Use of the right-of-use token is detected, for example, when the front door of the real estate to which the right-of-use token relates is unlocked. On the other hand, if the usage right token is not used by the deadline, the exchanged usage right token will be returned to the lender, and the exchanged virtual currency will be refunded to the borrower.

Note that after the exchange of the virtual currency and the usage right token is completed, the lender may issue a key token to the borrower. In this case, the lender's node N1 (or N2) generates a key token issuance (granting) transaction and broadcasts it to the peer-to-peer network NW. This issuance transaction includes, for example, the key token encrypted with the borrower's public key, the period of use of the key token, the borrower's address, the lender's public key, the lender's signature, the generation date and time of the issuance transaction, and the like. Then, the tenant node N3 that has acquired the encrypted key token decrypts the key token with the tenant's private key and unlocks the front door of the real estate related to the usage right token.

Further, the lessee may give the acquired key token to a user other than the lessee. In this case, the borrower node N3 generates a key token issuance transaction and broadcasts it to the peer-to-peer network NW. This issuance transaction includes, for example, the key token encrypted with the user's public key, the usage period of the key token, the user's address, the borrower's public key, the borrower's signature, and the generation date and time of the issuance transaction. It will be done. Then, the user's node Nn that has acquired the encrypted key token decrypts the key token with the user's private key and unlocks the front door of the real estate related to the usage right token.

[ 2. Example of applied operation of virtual currency distribution system S ]
Next, an example of applied operation of the virtual currency distribution system S will be explained.

In the basic operation of the virtual currency distribution system S, it may not be realistic to set the amount of virtual currency necessary for exchanging usage right tokens as the full rent amount. On the other hand, if part of the rent is based on the amount of virtual currency required to exchange the usage right token, there is a problem in that it is difficult to ensure that the tenant will be able to pay the remaining rent.

The first solution to this problem is to configure the system so that if the rent is not paid in virtual currency by the monthly rent payment deadline, the usage right token is transferred to the financial institution. In this case, the node Nn that executes the smart contract transfers the information from the lessee to the lessor on the blockchain in response to a check message sent from the financial institution's node Nn when the payment deadline (that is, the deadline for paying the rent related to the right to use) has passed. Determine whether there is a transaction indicating a payment of virtual currency in an amount equivalent to the current month's rent.

If the node Nn that executes the smart contract determines that there is no transaction on the blockchain indicating the payment of virtual currency from the tenant to the landlord in an amount equivalent to the current month's rent, the node Nn that executes the smart contract transfers the holder of the usage right token from the tenant to the landlord. Broadcast the transfer transaction to the institution to the peer-to-peer network NW. The transfer transaction broadcasted in this way is verified by, for example, a mining node Nn, and if the verification result is good, it is recorded on the blockchain. According to the first solution, the exchange of cryptocurrencies and right-of-use tokens can be realized on the blockchain even if it cannot be guaranteed that the tenant will be able to pay the remaining rent. I can do it. Note that the first solution is also applicable when the amount of virtual currency required for exchanging ownership tokens is made part of the purchase price.

The second solution to the above problem is to require a credit token (lessee's credit token) that provides credit to the tenant, in addition to virtual currency equivalent to a portion of the rent, as a condition for exchanging the right-to-use token. It is to be configured as follows. In this case, the issuance transaction broadcast by the lessor's node N1 (or N2) includes the right-to-use token, the usage period of the right-to-use token, the real estate rent, the lessor's address, the lessor's public key, the lessor's signature, and the issuance transaction. In addition to the transaction generation date and time, information indicating the credit token requirement is included.

A credit token is issued on the peer-to-peer network NW from a node Nn of a credit bureau, for example, when the credit bureau can guarantee the credit of the borrower based on the circumstances of the borrower's assets and workplace. That is, the borrower's credit token issuance transaction is broadcast to the peer-to-peer network NW. The issuance transaction thus broadcast includes, for example, the credit token, the address of the borrower, the public key of the credit bureau, the signature of the credit bureau, the date and time of generation of the issuance transaction, and the like. The issuance transaction of the credit token of the borrower is verified by, for example, a mining node Nn, and if the verification result is good, it is recorded on the blockchain.

The exchange transaction broadcast by the tenant's node N3 includes the usage right token to be exchanged for virtual currency, the address of the landlord, the amount of virtual currency equivalent to the rent of the real estate, the public key of the tenant, and the underlying transaction. , the hash value of the right-of-use token issuance transaction, the borrower's signature, and the date and time of generation of the exchange transaction, as well as the borrower's credit token. This exchange transaction is verified by, for example, a mining node Nn, and if the verification result is good, it is recorded on the blockchain. Verification in this case includes, in addition to the verification described above, verification of whether the borrower's credit token has been legitimately issued. Through such verification, a contract for the exchange of usage rights tokens and virtual currency will be automatically executed. According to the second solution, it is possible to guarantee that the tenant will be able to pay the remaining rent by exchanging the usage right token for virtual currency. Note that the second solution is also applicable when the amount of virtual currency required for exchanging ownership tokens is made part of the purchase price.

Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various changes in configuration etc. can be made from the above embodiment without departing from the gist of the present invention. It may be added, and this case also falls within the technical scope of the present invention.

Nn Node S Virtual currency distribution system NW Peer-to-peer network

Claims (5)

In a virtual currency distribution system that has a peer-to-peer network formed by multiple nodes operated by multiple users and in which virtual currency using blockchain technology is distributed,
a first node issues a real estate rights token on the peer-to-peer network, which is a token exchangeable for the virtual currency and represents a right to real estate;
a second node records the real estate rights token issued by the first node on a blockchain ;
The real estate right token is a usage right token representing the right to use the real estate,
When the exchange of the virtual currency and the usage right token is completed, the first node issues a key token representing an electronic smart key, which is encrypted with the public key of the user of the key token. A virtual currency distribution system characterized in that an issuance transaction including a key token, a period of use of the key token, and an address of the user is broadcast to the peer-to-peer network. In a virtual currency distribution system that has a peer-to-peer network formed by multiple nodes operated by multiple users and in which virtual currency using blockchain technology is distributed,
a first node issues a real estate rights token on the peer-to-peer network, which is a token exchangeable for the virtual currency and represents a right to real estate;
a second node records the real estate rights token issued by the first node on a blockchain;
The real estate right token is a usage right token representing the right to use the real estate,
The fourth node determines whether or not there is a transaction on the blockchain indicating a payment of virtual currency in an amount equivalent to the rent from the tenant of the real estate to the landlord when the payment deadline for the rent related to the right of use has passed. and, if it is determined that there is no such transaction, broadcasts to the peer-to-peer network a transfer transaction that transfers the holder of the usage right token from the borrower to the financial institution. In a virtual currency distribution system that has a peer-to-peer network formed by multiple nodes operated by multiple users and in which virtual currency using blockchain technology is distributed,
a first node issues a real estate rights token on the peer-to-peer network, which is a token exchangeable for the virtual currency and represents a right to real estate;
a second node records the real estate rights token issued by the first node on a blockchain;
a third node broadcasts an exchange transaction of virtual currency and real estate rights tokens to the peer-to-peer network;
The real estate right token is a usage right token representing the right to use the real estate,
The second node verifies the exchange transaction, and if the verification result is positive, records the exchange transaction on the blockchain;
a fifth node broadcasts to the peer-to-peer network a credit token issuance transaction that grants credit to the real estate tenant;
the third node broadcasts the exchange transaction including the credit token to the peer-to-peer network;
The second node verifies whether at least the credit token has been issued in verifying the exchange transaction, and if the verification result is positive, records the exchange transaction on the blockchain. distribution system. a third node broadcasts an exchange transaction of virtual currency and real estate rights tokens to the peer-to-peer network;
3. The virtual currency distribution system according to claim 1 , wherein the second node verifies the exchange transaction, and if the verification result is favorable, records the exchange transaction on the blockchain. The verification includes at least verification whether the amount of virtual currency written in the exchange transaction is less than or equal to the amount specified from the underlying transaction and whether the real estate rights token has been issued. The virtual currency distribution system according to claim 3 or 4 .

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