JP7352133B2 - How to raise the temperature of a secondary battery - Google Patents
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- JP7352133B2 JP7352133B2 JP2019080148A JP2019080148A JP7352133B2 JP 7352133 B2 JP7352133 B2 JP 7352133B2 JP 2019080148 A JP2019080148 A JP 2019080148A JP 2019080148 A JP2019080148 A JP 2019080148A JP 7352133 B2 JP7352133 B2 JP 7352133B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Description
本発明は、例えばリチウムイオン電池などの二次電池を充電及び放電による内部発熱によって昇温させる二次電池の昇温方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for raising the temperature of a secondary battery, such as a lithium ion battery, by raising the temperature of the secondary battery by internal heat generation due to charging and discharging.
一般に、リチウムイオン電池などの二次電池は、低温状態にある場合、活性が低いため、所定の性能が得られなくなる。このため、従来、例えば特許文献１に示すように、充電と放電とを繰り返し行うことで、二次電池を所定の性能を発揮できる温度以上まで昇温させる二次電池の昇温方法が知られている。 Generally, when a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery is in a low-temperature state, its activity is low, making it impossible to obtain a predetermined performance. For this reason, conventionally, as shown in Patent Document 1, there has been known a method of raising the temperature of a secondary battery, in which the temperature of the secondary battery is raised to a temperature higher than that at which it can exhibit a predetermined performance by repeatedly charging and discharging. ing.
しかしながら、上述のような二次電池の昇温方法では、二次電池を所定の性能を発揮できる温度以上まで昇温させることはできるものの、二次電池をより短時間で昇温させる上では改善の余地を残すものとなっている。 However, with the method of heating up a secondary battery as described above, although it is possible to raise the temperature of the secondary battery to a temperature higher than that at which it can exhibit a specified performance, it is not possible to improve the temperature of the secondary battery in a shorter time. This leaves room for
本発明は、このような従来技術に存在する問題点に着目してなされた。その目的は、より短時間で昇温させることができる二次電池の昇温方法を提供することにある。 The present invention was made by focusing on the problems existing in the prior art. The purpose is to provide a method for increasing the temperature of a secondary battery that can increase the temperature in a shorter time.
以下、上記課題を解決するための手段及びその作用効果について記載する。
上記課題を解決する二次電池の昇温方法は、充電及び放電を交互に行うことによる内部発熱によって二次電池を昇温させる二次電池の昇温方法であって、前記二次電池の充電を行う場合には、予め設定された前記二次電池の使用上限電圧と、前記二次電池の温度と、前記二次電池の充電時の充電率とに基づいて前記二次電池の充電時の最大電流値である充電時最大電流値を算出し、前記二次電池の充電時の電流値が前記充電時最大電流値となるように設定し、前記二次電池の放電を行う場合には、予め設定された前記二次電池の使用下限電圧と、前記二次電池の温度と、前記二次電池の放電時の充電率とに基づいて前記二次電池の放電時の最大電流値である放電時最大電流値を算出し、前記二次電池の放電時の電流値が前記放電時最大電流値となるように設定することを要旨とする。
Below, means for solving the above problems and their effects will be described.
A method for increasing the temperature of a secondary battery that solves the above problem is a method for increasing the temperature of a secondary battery by internal heat generation caused by alternately charging and discharging, and the method includes: When charging the secondary battery, the voltage when charging the secondary battery is determined based on the preset upper limit voltage for use of the secondary battery, the temperature of the secondary battery, and the charging rate when charging the secondary battery. When calculating the maximum current value during charging, which is the maximum current value, and setting the current value during charging of the secondary battery to be the maximum current value during charging, and discharging the secondary battery, A discharge that is a maximum current value when discharging the secondary battery based on a preset lower limit voltage for use of the secondary battery, a temperature of the secondary battery, and a charging rate when discharging the secondary battery. The gist of the present invention is to calculate a maximum current value during discharging of the secondary battery and set the current value during discharging of the secondary battery to be the maximum current value during discharging.
この構成によれば、最大電流値で二次電池の充電及び放電を行うので、より短時間で二次電池を昇温させることができる。
上記課題を解決する二次電池の昇温方法は、充電及び放電を交互に行うことによる内部発熱によって二次電池を昇温させる二次電池の昇温方法であって、前記二次電池の充電時及び放電時のそれぞれの電流を、電圧が予め設定された前記二次電池の使用電圧範囲内に収まるように、限界まで増加させることを要旨とする。
According to this configuration, since the secondary battery is charged and discharged at the maximum current value, the temperature of the secondary battery can be raised in a shorter time.
A method for raising the temperature of a secondary battery that solves the above problems is a method for raising the temperature of a secondary battery by raising the temperature of the secondary battery by internal heat generation by alternately charging and discharging. The gist of the invention is to increase the current at each time and discharge to the limit so that the voltage falls within a preset operating voltage range of the secondary battery.
この構成によれば、二次電池の充電時及び放電時に限界まで電流値を増加させるので、より短時間で二次電池を昇温させることができる。 According to this configuration, since the current value is increased to the limit when charging and discharging the secondary battery, it is possible to raise the temperature of the secondary battery in a shorter time.
本発明によれば、より短時間で二次電池を昇温させることができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to raise the temperature of the secondary battery in a shorter time.
（第１実施形態）
以下、第１実施形態として電気自動車に搭載される二次電池の昇温方法を図面に従って説明する。
(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, a method for increasing the temperature of a secondary battery installed in an electric vehicle will be described as a first embodiment with reference to the drawings.
図１に示すように、電気自動車１１は、電気自動車１１全体を統括的に制御する制御部１２と、二次電池１３と、二次電池１３の温度Ｔ１を検出する温度センサ１４と、二次電池１３の電圧を検出する電圧センサ１５と、補助電池１６と、補機１７と、スイッチ部１８と、モータ１９と、モータ１９の駆動力によって回転駆動される駆動輪２０とを備えている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the electric vehicle 11 includes a control unit 12 that centrally controls the entire electric vehicle 11, a secondary battery 13, a temperature sensor 14 that detects a temperature T1 of the secondary battery 13, and a secondary battery 13. It includes a voltage sensor 15 that detects the voltage of a battery 13, an auxiliary battery 16, an auxiliary machine 17, a switch section 18, a motor 19, and a drive wheel 20 that is rotationally driven by the driving force of the motor 19.
二次電池１３は、例えばリチウムイオン電池などによって構成され、モータ１９の電源として機能する。補助電池１６は、例えば鉛蓄電池によって構成され、二次電池１３の充電用電池として用いられる。モータ１９は、発電機兼用の電動機である同期発電電動機によって構成され、電気自動車１１の駆動源として機能する。さらに、モータ１９は、電気自動車１１の減速時に駆動輪２０から入力される動力を用いて発電（回生）する。モータ１９によって発電された電力は、二次電池１３及び補助電池１６の充電に用いられる。 The secondary battery 13 is comprised of, for example, a lithium ion battery, and functions as a power source for the motor 19. The auxiliary battery 16 is constituted by, for example, a lead-acid battery, and is used as a charging battery for the secondary battery 13. The motor 19 is constituted by a synchronous generator motor that also serves as a generator, and functions as a drive source for the electric vehicle 11. Furthermore, the motor 19 generates electricity (regenerates) using the power input from the drive wheels 20 when the electric vehicle 11 is decelerated. The electric power generated by the motor 19 is used to charge the secondary battery 13 and the auxiliary battery 16.
補機１７は、乗員が操作することなく給電されて動作しても問題とならない機器、すなわち電気自動車１１の走行駆動制御に無関係な機器によって構成される。つまり、補機１７は、例えばシートを温めるためのシートヒータなどによって構成される。スイッチ部１８は、二次電池１３、補機１７、補助電池１６、及びモータ１９とそれぞれ電気的に接続されている。スイッチ部１８は、二次電池１３、補機１７、補助電池１６、及びモータ１９の間で、電気的な接続及び切断を選択的に行う。 The auxiliary equipment 17 is constituted by equipment that does not cause any problem even if it is powered and operated without being operated by a passenger, that is, equipment that is unrelated to the drive control of the electric vehicle 11. That is, the auxiliary machine 17 is configured by, for example, a seat heater for warming the seat. The switch unit 18 is electrically connected to the secondary battery 13, the auxiliary device 17, the auxiliary battery 16, and the motor 19, respectively. The switch unit 18 selectively connects and disconnects electrically between the secondary battery 13, the auxiliary device 17, the auxiliary battery 16, and the motor 19.
スイッチ部１８は、モータ１９によって発電された電力で二次電池１３及び補助電池１６の充電を行う場合、モータ１９を二次電池１３及び補助電池１６とそれぞれ電気的に接続する。スイッチ部１８は、補助電池１６によって二次電池１３を充電する場合、補助電池１６と二次電池１３とを電気的に接続する。スイッチ部１８は、二次電池１３の電力を補機１７に供給する場合、二次電池１３と補機１７とを電気的に接続する。 The switch unit 18 electrically connects the motor 19 to the secondary battery 13 and the auxiliary battery 16, respectively, when charging the secondary battery 13 and the auxiliary battery 16 with the power generated by the motor 19. Switch unit 18 electrically connects auxiliary battery 16 and secondary battery 13 when charging secondary battery 13 with auxiliary battery 16 . The switch unit 18 electrically connects the secondary battery 13 and the auxiliary device 17 when supplying power from the secondary battery 13 to the auxiliary device 17 .
制御部１２は、二次電池１３、温度センサ１４、電圧センサ１５、補機１７、スイッチ部１８、及びモータ１９とそれぞれ電気的に接続されている。制御部１２は、温度センサ１４及び電圧センサ１５から送信される信号に基づいて、二次電池１３、補機１７、スイッチ部１８、及びモータ１９をそれぞれ制御する。制御部１２は、二次電池１３が充電及び放電されるときの電流値を積算することで、二次電池１３の充電率を常に把握する。 The control unit 12 is electrically connected to a secondary battery 13, a temperature sensor 14, a voltage sensor 15, an auxiliary device 17, a switch unit 18, and a motor 19, respectively. Control unit 12 controls secondary battery 13, auxiliary equipment 17, switch unit 18, and motor 19, respectively, based on signals transmitted from temperature sensor 14 and voltage sensor 15. The control unit 12 constantly grasps the charging rate of the secondary battery 13 by integrating current values when the secondary battery 13 is charged and discharged.
制御部１２は、コンピューターによって構成され、ＣＰＵ、ＲＯＭ、及びＲＡＭを備えている。ＲＯＭには、図２のフローチャートで示す二次電池１３を昇温させるためのプログラム（第１昇温処理ルーチン）を含む各種制御プログラム、予め設定された二次電池１３の使用上限電圧Ｖ１及び使用下限電圧Ｖ２、二次電池１３が所定の性能を発揮できる最低の温度である基準温度Ｔ、各種設定データなどが記憶されている。ＲＡＭには、ＣＰＵによる演算結果及び処理結果である各種データなどが一時記憶される。 The control unit 12 is configured by a computer and includes a CPU, ROM, and RAM. The ROM contains various control programs including a program (first temperature raising processing routine) for raising the temperature of the secondary battery 13 shown in the flowchart of FIG. A lower limit voltage V2, a reference temperature T which is the lowest temperature at which the secondary battery 13 can exhibit a predetermined performance, various setting data, etc. are stored. The RAM temporarily stores calculation results and various data resulting from processing by the CPU.
二次電池１３の使用上限電圧Ｖ１は二次電池１３を適正に使用可能な上限の電圧値であり、二次電池１３の使用下限電圧Ｖ２は二次電池１３を適正に使用可能な下限の電圧値であり、使用上限電圧Ｖ１から使用下限電圧Ｖ２までの範囲が二次電池１３の使用電圧範囲とされている。したがって、二次電池１３の電圧Ｖが使用上限電圧Ｖ１を上回ったり使用下限電圧Ｖ２を下回ったりすると、二次電池１３が極端に早く劣化するなどの不具合が発生し易くなる。なお、使用上限電圧Ｖ１及び使用下限電圧Ｖ２は、一定の値に設定されている。 The usage upper limit voltage V1 of the secondary battery 13 is the upper limit voltage value that allows the secondary battery 13 to be used properly, and the usage lower limit voltage V2 of the secondary battery 13 is the lower limit voltage value that allows the secondary battery 13 to be used properly. The range from the upper limit voltage V1 to the lower limit voltage V2 is the voltage range used by the secondary battery 13. Therefore, if the voltage V of the secondary battery 13 exceeds the upper limit voltage V1 for use or falls below the lower limit voltage V2 for use, problems such as extremely rapid deterioration of the secondary battery 13 are likely to occur. Note that the upper limit voltage for use V1 and the lower limit for use V2 are set to constant values.
次に、乗員によって電気自動車１１が始動された際に制御部１２が一定周期毎に繰り返し実行する第１昇温処理ルーチンを本実施形態の作用として図２に示すフローチャートに基づいて説明する。 Next, the first temperature increase processing routine, which is repeatedly executed by the control unit 12 at regular intervals when the electric vehicle 11 is started by a passenger, will be described as an operation of this embodiment based on the flowchart shown in FIG. 2.
さて、電気自動車１１が始動されると、制御部１２は、二次電池１３の温度Ｔ１が基準温度Ｔ以上であるか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１）。ステップＳ１の判定結果が肯定判定である場合、制御部１２は、第１昇温処理ルーチンを終了する。ステップＳ１の判定結果が否定判定である場合、制御部１２は、補助電池１６によって二次電池１３を充電する（ステップＳ２）。 Now, when the electric vehicle 11 is started, the control unit 12 determines whether the temperature T1 of the secondary battery 13 is equal to or higher than the reference temperature T (step S1). If the determination result in step S1 is affirmative, the control unit 12 ends the first temperature increase processing routine. If the determination result in step S1 is negative, the control unit 12 charges the secondary battery 13 with the auxiliary battery 16 (step S2).
このステップＳ２において二次電池１３の充電を行う場合、制御部１２は、二次電池１３の使用上限電圧Ｖ１と、二次電池の温度Ｔ１と、二次電池１３の充電時の充電率とに基づいて二次電池１３の充電時の最大電流値である充電時最大電流値を算出し、二次電池１３の充電時の電流値が充電時最大電流値となるように二次電池１３を制御する。充電時最大電流値は、二次電池１３の電圧Ｖが使用上限電圧Ｖ１を上回らない最大の電流値であり、二次電池１３の温度毎及び二次電池１３の充電時の充電率毎に予め実験やシミュレーションによって求めることができる。充電時最大電流値は、二次電池１３の温度が高いときほど大きい値として算出され、二次電池１３の充電率が高いときほど小さい値として算出される。 When charging the secondary battery 13 in this step S2, the control unit 12 controls the usage upper limit voltage V1 of the secondary battery 13, the temperature T1 of the secondary battery, and the charging rate when charging the secondary battery 13. Based on the maximum charging current value, which is the maximum current value when charging the secondary battery 13, the secondary battery 13 is controlled so that the current value when charging the secondary battery 13 becomes the maximum charging current value. do. The maximum current value during charging is the maximum current value at which the voltage V of the secondary battery 13 does not exceed the upper limit voltage V1 for use, and is determined in advance for each temperature of the secondary battery 13 and for each charging rate when charging the secondary battery 13. It can be determined through experiments and simulations. The maximum current value during charging is calculated as a larger value as the temperature of the secondary battery 13 is higher, and is calculated as a smaller value as the charging rate of the secondary battery 13 is higher.
続いて、制御部１２は、所定時間ＳＴ（例えば１０秒程度）が経過したか否かを判定する（ステップＳ３）。制御部１２は、ステップＳ３の判定結果が肯定判定になるまでステップＳ３の処理を繰り返し実行し、ステップＳ３の判定結果が肯定判定になると、補助電池１６による二次電池１３の充電を停止する（ステップＳ４）。続いて、制御部１２は、二次電池１３の温度Ｔ１が基準温度Ｔ以上であるか否かを判定する（ステップＳ５）。 Subsequently, the control unit 12 determines whether a predetermined time ST (for example, about 10 seconds) has elapsed (step S3). The control unit 12 repeatedly executes the process of step S3 until the determination result of step S3 becomes a positive determination, and when the determination result of step S3 becomes a positive determination, stops charging the secondary battery 13 by the auxiliary battery 16 ( Step S4). Subsequently, the control unit 12 determines whether the temperature T1 of the secondary battery 13 is equal to or higher than the reference temperature T (step S5).
ステップＳ５の判定結果が肯定判定である場合、制御部１２は、第１昇温処理ルーチンを終了する。ステップＳ５の判定結果が否定判定である場合、制御部１２は、二次電池１３から補機１７に電力を供給させることによって二次電池１３を放電する（ステップＳ６）。 If the determination result in step S5 is affirmative, the control unit 12 ends the first temperature increase processing routine. If the determination result in step S5 is negative, the control unit 12 discharges the secondary battery 13 by supplying power from the secondary battery 13 to the auxiliary device 17 (step S6).
このステップＳ６において二次電池１３の放電を行う場合、制御部１２は、二次電池１３の使用下限電圧Ｖ２と、二次電池１３の温度と、二次電池１３の放電時の充電率とに基づいて二次電池１３の放電時の最大電流値である放電時最大電流値を算出し、二次電池１３の放電時の電流値が放電時最大電流値となるように二次電池１３を制御する。 When discharging the secondary battery 13 in this step S6, the control unit 12 adjusts the lower limit voltage V2 for use of the secondary battery 13, the temperature of the secondary battery 13, and the charging rate at the time of discharging the secondary battery 13. Based on this, a maximum current value during discharge, which is the maximum current value during discharge of the secondary battery 13, is calculated, and the secondary battery 13 is controlled so that the current value during discharge of the secondary battery 13 becomes the maximum current value during discharge. do.
放電時最大電流値は、二次電池１３の電圧Ｖが使用下限電圧Ｖ２を下回らない最大の電流値であり、二次電池１３の温度毎及び二次電池１３の放電時の充電率毎に予め実験やシミュレーションによって求めることができる。この場合、二次電池１３の放電時の電流値は、マイナスの値になるので、放電時最大電流値は、絶対値が最大となる値（数値としては最小となる値）である。放電時最大電流値は、二次電池１３の温度が高いときほど大きい値として算出され、二次電池１３の充電率が高いときほど大きい値として算出される。 The maximum current value during discharging is the maximum current value at which the voltage V of the secondary battery 13 does not fall below the lower limit voltage V2 for use, and is determined in advance for each temperature of the secondary battery 13 and for each charging rate when discharging the secondary battery 13. It can be determined through experiments and simulations. In this case, the current value when discharging the secondary battery 13 is a negative value, so the maximum current value during discharging is the value where the absolute value is the maximum (the value where the numerical value is the minimum). The maximum current value during discharging is calculated as a larger value when the temperature of the secondary battery 13 is higher, and is calculated as a larger value when the charging rate of the secondary battery 13 is higher.
続いて、制御部１２は、所定時間ＳＴ（例えば１０秒程度）が経過したか否かを判定する（ステップＳ７）。制御部１２は、ステップＳ７の判定結果が肯定判定になるまでステップＳ７の処理を繰り返し実行し、ステップＳ７の判定結果が肯定判定になると、二次電池１３から補機１７への電力の供給（放電）を停止する（ステップＳ８）。 Subsequently, the control unit 12 determines whether a predetermined time ST (for example, about 10 seconds) has elapsed (step S7). The control unit 12 repeatedly executes the process of step S7 until the determination result of step S7 becomes affirmative, and when the determination result of step S7 becomes affirmative, the control unit 12 stops supplying power from the secondary battery 13 to the auxiliary equipment 17 ( discharge) is stopped (step S8).
続いて、制御部１２は、二次電池１３の温度Ｔ１が基準温度Ｔ以上であるか否かを判定する（ステップＳ９）。ステップＳ９の判定結果が否定判定である場合、制御部１２は、その処理をステップＳ２に移行する。ステップＳ９の判定結果が肯定判定である場合、制御部１２は、第１昇温処理ルーチンを終了する。 Subsequently, the control unit 12 determines whether the temperature T1 of the secondary battery 13 is equal to or higher than the reference temperature T (step S9). If the determination result in step S9 is negative, the control unit 12 moves the process to step S2. If the determination result in step S9 is affirmative, the control unit 12 ends the first temperature increase processing routine.
以上のように、二次電池１３は、充電及び放電を交互に行うことによる内部発熱によって昇温される。この場合、二次電池１３の充電時には二次電池１３の電流値が充電時最大電流値となるように設定され、二次電池１３の放電時には二次電池１３の電流値が放電時最大電流値となるように設定される。つまり、充放電を行って二次電池１３を昇温する際には、二次電池１３の温度及び充電率に基づいて二次電池１３の使用電圧範囲において電流値が常にそのときの最大となるように設定されるので、より短時間で二次電池１３を昇温させることができる。 As described above, the temperature of the secondary battery 13 is increased due to internal heat generation caused by alternately charging and discharging. In this case, when charging the secondary battery 13, the current value of the secondary battery 13 is set to the maximum current value during charging, and when discharging the secondary battery 13, the current value of the secondary battery 13 is set to the maximum current value during discharging. It is set so that In other words, when charging and discharging the temperature of the secondary battery 13, the current value is always the maximum in the working voltage range of the secondary battery 13 based on the temperature and charging rate of the secondary battery 13. Since it is set as follows, the temperature of the secondary battery 13 can be raised in a shorter time.
以上詳述した第１実施形態によれば、次のような効果が発揮される。
（１－１）二次電池１３の昇温方法では充電及び放電を交互に行うことによる内部発熱によって二次電池１３が昇温され、二次電池１３の充電を行う場合には電流値が充電時最大電流値となるように設定され、二次電池１３の放電を行う場合には電流値が放電時最大電流値となるように設定される。この構成によれば、二次電池１３の使用電圧範囲において常に最大電流値で二次電池１３の充電及び放電を行うので、より短時間で二次電池１３を昇温させることができる。
According to the first embodiment described in detail above, the following effects are exhibited.
(1-1) In the method of raising the temperature of the secondary battery 13, the temperature of the secondary battery 13 is raised by internal heat generation due to alternating charging and discharging, and when charging the secondary battery 13, the current value increases. When discharging the secondary battery 13, the current value is set to be the maximum current value when discharging. According to this configuration, since the secondary battery 13 is always charged and discharged at the maximum current value within the operating voltage range of the secondary battery 13, the temperature of the secondary battery 13 can be raised in a shorter time.
（第２実施形態）
次に、二次電池の昇温方法の第２実施形態を図面に従って説明する。
この第２実施形態では、第１実施形態における第１昇温処理ルーチンを第２昇温処理ルーチンに変更しただけで、これ以外は第１実施形態と同じであるため、第２昇温処理ルーチンのみを説明する。すなわち、乗員によって電気自動車１１が始動された際に制御部１２が一定周期毎に繰り返し実行する第２昇温処理ルーチンを本実施形態の作用として図３に示すフローチャートに基づいて説明する。
(Second embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of a method for increasing the temperature of a secondary battery will be described with reference to the drawings.
This second embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except that the first temperature increase processing routine in the first embodiment is changed to the second temperature increase processing routine. Explain only. That is, the second temperature increase processing routine, which is repeatedly executed by the control unit 12 at regular intervals when the electric vehicle 11 is started by a passenger, will be described as an operation of this embodiment based on the flowchart shown in FIG. 3.
さて、電気自動車１１が始動されると、制御部１２は、二次電池１３の温度Ｔ１が基準温度Ｔ以上であるか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１１）。ステップＳ１の判定結果が肯定判定である場合、制御部１２は、第２昇温処理ルーチンを終了する。ステップＳ１１の判定結果が否定判定である場合、制御部１２は、補助電池１６によって二次電池１３を充電する（ステップＳ１２）。このステップＳ１２における二次電池１３の充電中、制御部１２は、二次電池１３の電流を上昇させる。すると、この二次電池１３の電流の上昇に伴って、二次電池１３の電圧Ｖが徐々に上昇する。 Now, when the electric vehicle 11 is started, the control unit 12 determines whether the temperature T1 of the secondary battery 13 is equal to or higher than the reference temperature T (step S11). If the determination result in step S1 is affirmative, the control unit 12 ends the second temperature increase processing routine. If the determination result in step S11 is negative, the control unit 12 charges the secondary battery 13 with the auxiliary battery 16 (step S12). During charging of the secondary battery 13 in step S12, the control unit 12 increases the current of the secondary battery 13. Then, as the current of the secondary battery 13 increases, the voltage V of the secondary battery 13 gradually increases.
続いて、制御部１２は、二次電池１３の温度Ｔ１が基準温度Ｔ以上であるか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１３）。ステップＳ１３の判定結果が肯定判定である場合、制御部１２は、第２昇温処理ルーチンを終了する。ステップＳ１３の判定結果が否定判定である場合、制御部１２は、二次電池１３の電圧Ｖが使用上限電圧Ｖ１に達したか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１４）。 Subsequently, the control unit 12 determines whether the temperature T1 of the secondary battery 13 is equal to or higher than the reference temperature T (step S13). If the determination result in step S13 is affirmative, the control unit 12 ends the second temperature increase processing routine. If the determination result in step S13 is negative, the control unit 12 determines whether the voltage V of the secondary battery 13 has reached the upper limit voltage for use V1 (step S14).
ステップＳ１３の判定結果が否定判定である場合、制御部１２は、その処理をステップＳ１２に移行する。ステップＳ１３の判定結果が肯定判定である場合、制御部１２は、補助電池１６による二次電池１３の充電を停止する（ステップＳ１５）。続いて、制御部１２は、二次電池１３の温度Ｔ１が基準温度Ｔ以上であるか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１６）。 If the determination result in step S13 is negative, the control unit 12 moves the process to step S12. If the determination result in step S13 is affirmative, the control unit 12 stops charging the secondary battery 13 by the auxiliary battery 16 (step S15). Subsequently, the control unit 12 determines whether the temperature T1 of the secondary battery 13 is equal to or higher than the reference temperature T (step S16).
ステップＳ１６の判定結果が肯定判定である場合、制御部１２は、第２昇温処理ルーチンを終了する。ステップＳ１６の判定結果が否定判定である場合、制御部１２は、二次電池１３から補機１７に電力を供給させることによって二次電池１３を放電する（ステップＳ１７）。このステップＳ１７における二次電池１３の放電中、制御部１２は、二次電池１３の電流の絶対値を徐々に増加させる。この場合、二次電池１３の放電時の電流はマイナスの値になるため、二次電池１３の電流の数値は減少する。このため、二次電池１３の電圧Ｖは低下する。 If the determination result in step S16 is affirmative, the control unit 12 ends the second temperature increase processing routine. If the determination result in step S16 is negative, the control unit 12 discharges the secondary battery 13 by supplying power from the secondary battery 13 to the auxiliary device 17 (step S17). During the discharge of the secondary battery 13 in step S17, the control unit 12 gradually increases the absolute value of the current of the secondary battery 13. In this case, the current at the time of discharge of the secondary battery 13 becomes a negative value, so the numerical value of the current of the secondary battery 13 decreases. Therefore, the voltage V of the secondary battery 13 decreases.
続いて、制御部１２は、二次電池１３の温度Ｔ１が基準温度Ｔ以上であるか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１８）。ステップＳ１８の判定結果が肯定判定である場合、制御部１２は、第２昇温処理ルーチンを終了する。ステップＳ１８の判定結果が否定判定である場合、制御部１２は、二次電池１３の電圧Ｖが使用下限電圧Ｖ２に達したか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１９）。 Subsequently, the control unit 12 determines whether the temperature T1 of the secondary battery 13 is equal to or higher than the reference temperature T (step S18). If the determination result in step S18 is affirmative, the control unit 12 ends the second temperature increase processing routine. If the determination result in step S18 is negative, the control unit 12 determines whether the voltage V of the secondary battery 13 has reached the lower limit voltage V2 (step S19).
ステップＳ１９の判定結果が否定判定である場合、制御部１２は、その処理をステップＳ１７に移行する。ステップＳ１９の判定結果が肯定判定である場合、制御部１２は、二次電池１３から補機１７への電力の供給（放電）を停止する（ステップＳ２０）。続いて、制御部１２は、二次電池１３の温度Ｔ１が基準温度Ｔ以上であるか否かを判定する（ステップＳ２１）。ステップＳ２１の判定結果が否定判定である場合、制御部１２は、その処理をステップＳ１２に移行する。ステップＳ２１の判定結果が肯定判定である場合、制御部１２は、第２昇温処理ルーチンを終了する。 If the determination result in step S19 is negative, the control unit 12 moves the process to step S17. If the determination result in step S19 is affirmative, the control unit 12 stops supplying (discharging) power from the secondary battery 13 to the auxiliary device 17 (step S20). Subsequently, the control unit 12 determines whether the temperature T1 of the secondary battery 13 is equal to or higher than the reference temperature T (step S21). If the determination result in step S21 is negative, the control unit 12 moves the process to step S12. If the determination result in step S21 is affirmative, the control unit 12 ends the second temperature increase processing routine.
以上のように、二次電池１３は、充電及び放電を交互に行うことによる内部発熱によって昇温される。二次電池１３が昇温されることに伴い、使用電圧範囲内に収まる電流の範囲も徐々に増大する。二次電池１３の充電時及び放電時のそれぞれの電流は、二次電池１３の電圧Ｖが二次電池１３の使用電圧範囲内に収まるように、限界まで増加されることで、そのときの最大電流値まで増加することとなる。その結果、より短時間で二次電池１３を昇温させることができる。 As described above, the temperature of the secondary battery 13 is increased due to internal heat generation caused by alternately charging and discharging. As the temperature of the secondary battery 13 increases, the range of current that falls within the working voltage range also gradually increases. The respective currents during charging and discharging of the secondary battery 13 are increased to the limit so that the voltage V of the secondary battery 13 falls within the operating voltage range of the secondary battery 13, so that the current at the time of maximum The current value will increase. As a result, the temperature of the secondary battery 13 can be raised in a shorter time.
以上詳述した第２実施形態によれば、次のような効果が発揮される。
（２－１）二次電池１３の昇温方法では充電及び放電を交互に行うことによる内部発熱によって二次電池１３が昇温され、二次電池１３の充電時及び放電時のそれぞれの電流を、二次電池１３の電圧Ｖが二次電池１３の使用電圧範囲内に収まるように、限界まで増加される。この構成によれば、二次電池１３の充電時及び放電時に限界まで電流値を増加させるので、より短時間で二次電池１３を昇温させることができる。
According to the second embodiment described in detail above, the following effects are exhibited.
(2-1) In the method of raising the temperature of the secondary battery 13, the temperature of the secondary battery 13 is raised by internal heat generation due to alternating charging and discharging, and the current when charging and discharging the secondary battery 13 is increased. , the voltage V of the secondary battery 13 is increased to the limit so that the voltage V of the secondary battery 13 falls within the operating voltage range of the secondary battery 13. According to this configuration, since the current value is increased to the limit when charging and discharging the secondary battery 13, it is possible to raise the temperature of the secondary battery 13 in a shorter time.
（２－２）二次電池１３の昇温方法では、上記第１実施形態のような複雑な演算が不要であるため、上記第１実施形態の場合よりも簡単な制御で二次電池１３の迅速な昇温を実現できる。 (2-2) Since the method for increasing the temperature of the secondary battery 13 does not require complicated calculations as in the first embodiment, the temperature of the secondary battery 13 can be increased with simpler control than in the first embodiment. Achieves rapid temperature rise.
（変更例）
なお、上記各実施形態は次のように変更してもよい。
・第１昇温処理ルーチン及び第２昇温処理ルーチンでは、最初に二次電池１３の充電を行うようにしているが、最初に二次電池１３の放電を行うようにしてもよい。
(Example of change)
Note that each of the above embodiments may be modified as follows.
- In the first temperature raising processing routine and the second temperature raising processing routine, the secondary battery 13 is charged first, but the secondary battery 13 may be discharged first.
・二次電池１３は、電気自動車１１だけでなくハイブリッド車に搭載してもよい。 - The secondary battery 13 may be installed not only in the electric vehicle 11 but also in a hybrid vehicle.
１３…二次電池、Ｔ１…温度、Ｖ…電圧、Ｖ１…使用上限電圧、Ｖ２…使用下限電圧。 13... Secondary battery, T1... Temperature, V... Voltage, V1... Upper limit voltage for use, V2... Lower limit voltage for use.
Claims (1)
乗員が操作することなく給電されて動作しても問題とならず、電気自動車の走行駆動制御に無関係な機器である補機を用いて、
前記二次電池の温度が基準温度未満である間、前記二次電池の電圧が使用上限電圧に達するまで補助電池による前記二次電池の充電を継続し、前記二次電池の電圧が前記使用上限電圧に達した場合に前記二次電池の充電を停止して前記二次電池から前記補機への放電に切り替える第１動作と、前記二次電池の電圧が使用下限電圧に達するまで前記二次電池から前記補機への放電を継続し、前記二次電池の電圧が前記使用下限電圧に達した場合に前記二次電池から前記補機への放電を停止して前記補助電池による前記二次電池の充電に切り替える第２動作とを、前記二次電池の温度が前記基準温度に達するまで交互に行い、前記二次電池の温度が前記基準温度以上になった場合に前記第１動作と前記第２動作を交互に行うことを停止させる
二次電池の昇温方法。 A method for increasing the temperature of a secondary battery by raising the temperature of the secondary battery by internal heat generation by alternately charging and discharging, the method comprising:
There is no problem even if the electric vehicle is supplied with electricity and operates without any operation by the occupants.
While the temperature of the secondary battery is below the reference temperature, the auxiliary battery continues to charge the secondary battery until the voltage of the secondary battery reaches the upper limit of use, and the voltage of the secondary battery reaches the upper limit of use. a first operation in which charging of the secondary battery is stopped when the voltage reaches the voltage, and the charging of the secondary battery is switched to discharging from the secondary battery to the auxiliary equipment; Discharging from the battery to the auxiliary machine continues, and when the voltage of the secondary battery reaches the lower limit voltage for use, discharging from the secondary battery to the auxiliary machine is stopped and the secondary battery is discharged by the auxiliary battery. A second operation of switching to battery charging is performed alternately until the temperature of the secondary battery reaches the reference temperature, and when the temperature of the secondary battery exceeds the reference temperature, the first operation and the second operation are performed alternately until the temperature of the secondary battery reaches the reference temperature. A method for increasing the temperature of a secondary battery that stops alternately performing the second operation.
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