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JP7377094B2 - ship - Google Patents
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JP7377094B2 - ship - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP7377094B2
JP7377094B2 JP2019228934A JP2019228934A JP7377094B2 JP 7377094 B2 JP7377094 B2 JP 7377094B2 JP 2019228934 A JP2019228934 A JP 2019228934A JP 2019228934 A JP2019228934 A JP 2019228934A JP 7377094 B2 JP7377094 B2 JP 7377094B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
tank
gas
carbon dioxide
liquefied
water
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JP2019228934A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2021095066A (en
Inventor
聡成 石田
晋介 森本
俊夫 小形
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Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Co Ltd
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Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2019228934A priority Critical patent/JP7377094B2/en
Application filed by Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Co Ltd filed Critical Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/JP2020/033961 priority patent/WO2021124622A1/en
Priority to AU2020409191A priority patent/AU2020409191B2/en
Priority to CN202080086732.0A priority patent/CN114787029B/en
Priority to EP20903202.8A priority patent/EP4079622B1/en
Priority to DK20903202.8T priority patent/DK4079622T3/en
Priority to KR1020227019988A priority patent/KR102703867B1/en
Publication of JP2021095066A publication Critical patent/JP2021095066A/en
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Publication of JP7377094B2 publication Critical patent/JP7377094B2/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/14—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed pressurised
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
    • B63J2/12—Heating; Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/035—Orientation with substantially horizontal main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/013—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
    • F17C2225/047—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0121—Propulsion of the fluid by gravity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F17C2227/044—Methods for emptying or filling by purging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/044—Avoiding pollution or contamination
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/05—Improving chemical properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
    • F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)

Description

本開示は、船舶に関する。 The present disclosure relates to ships.

液化ガスを運搬する船舶等には、液化ガスを貯留するタンクが設けられている。このようなタンクでは、メンテンナンス等によりタンク開放する際に、タンク内に残留した液化ガスと酸素とが接触しないように、まずタンク内に不活性なイナートガスを充満させ、その後、タンク内のイナートガスを大気等に置換する場合がある（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 Ships and the like that transport liquefied gas are equipped with tanks that store the liquefied gas. In such tanks, when opening the tank for maintenance etc., the tank is first filled with inert inert gas, and then the inert gas inside the tank is filled to prevent the liquefied gas remaining in the tank from coming into contact with oxygen. In some cases, it may be replaced with the atmosphere or the like (for example, see Patent Document 1).

特開２０１３－１９３６５３号公報Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2013-193653

ところで、上記液化ガスを貯留するタンクにおいては、タンクに貯留するガスの種類を切り換える場合がある。この際、切換前にタンクに貯留されていた第一のガスの残留ガスと、切替後にタンクに貯留される第二のガスとの接触により不具合が生じる可能性がある。この不具合としては、例えば、第一のガスと第二のガスとが化学反応して、固形物等が生成されてしまうことが例示できる。また、第一のガスが第二のガスに混入し、切替後に、タンク内に第一のガスが残留してしまう可能性もある。そのため、タンクに貯留するガスの種類を切り換える場合には、特許文献１のイナートガスの場合と同様に、タンク内の第一のガスを不活性ガスに置換した後に、第二のガスをタンク内に積み込むような運用をする必要がある。
しかしながら、上記したような手法では、タンク内に積み込むガスの種類を切り替える際に、第一のガスのタンク外への払い出し、タンク内の不活性ガス等への置換、タンク内への第二のガスの積込、といった工程を順次実行する必要があるため、タンク内に積み込むガスの種類を切り替える作業に要する手間と時間が掛かってしまう。また、タンク内の残留ガスの種類によっては、残留ガスをタンクから大気中に直接放出することができず、残留ガスの処理に手間が掛かることもある。 By the way, in the tank for storing the liquefied gas, the type of gas stored in the tank may be changed. At this time, a problem may occur due to contact between the residual gas of the first gas stored in the tank before switching and the second gas stored in the tank after switching. An example of this problem is that the first gas and the second gas undergo a chemical reaction and solid matter is generated. Furthermore, there is a possibility that the first gas will mix with the second gas and that the first gas will remain in the tank after switching. Therefore, when switching the type of gas stored in the tank, as in the case of inert gas in Patent Document 1, the first gas in the tank is replaced with an inert gas, and then the second gas is replaced in the tank. It is necessary to operate it like loading.
However, with the method described above, when switching the type of gas loaded into the tank, it is necessary to discharge the first gas to the outside of the tank, replace the tank with an inert gas, etc., and replace the second gas into the tank. Since steps such as gas loading must be performed sequentially, it takes time and effort to switch the type of gas to be loaded into the tank. Furthermore, depending on the type of residual gas in the tank, it may not be possible to directly release the residual gas from the tank into the atmosphere, and it may take time and effort to process the residual gas.

本開示は、上記課題を解決するためになされたものであって、タンク内に積み込むガスの種類を切り替える作業に要する手間と時間を抑えることができる船舶を提供することを目的とする。 The present disclosure has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a ship that can reduce the effort and time required to switch the type of gas loaded into a tank.

上記課題を解決するために、本開示に係る船舶は、船体と、前記船体内に設けられて、液化アンモニア及び液化二酸化炭素の一方が貯留されたタンクと、前記タンク内に液化アンモニア及び液化二酸化炭素の他方を供給する供給ラインと、前記タンク内に貯留された液化アンモニア及び液化二酸化炭素の一方を払い出した後に前記供給ラインを通して前記タンク内に液化アンモニア及び液化二酸化炭素の他方を供給する際に、前記タンクに残留しているアンモニアガス及び二酸化炭素ガスの一方と、前記供給ラインにより前記タンク内に供給された液化アンモニア及び液化二酸化炭素の他方が気化したアンモニアガス及び二酸化炭素ガスの他方と、が混合された混合気体を排出する排出ラインと、前記船体内に設けられ、水が貯留されているとともに、前記排出ラインから排出された前記混合気体が導入される水タンクと、を備える。 In order to solve the above problems, a ship according to the present disclosure includes a hull, a tank provided in the hull and storing one of liquefied ammonia and liquefied carbon dioxide, and a tank that stores liquefied ammonia and liquefied carbon dioxide. A supply line that supplies the other of carbon, and when supplying the other of liquefied ammonia and liquefied carbon dioxide into the tank through the supply line after discharging one of the liquefied ammonia and liquefied carbon dioxide stored in the tank. , one of the ammonia gas and carbon dioxide gas remaining in the tank, and the other of the ammonia gas and carbon dioxide gas obtained by vaporizing the other of the liquefied ammonia and liquefied carbon dioxide supplied into the tank through the supply line, and a water tank provided inside the hull, in which water is stored, and into which the mixed gas discharged from the discharge line is introduced.

本開示の船舶によれば、タンク内に積み込むガスの種類の切替を効率良く行い、作業に要する手間と時間を抑えることができる。 According to the ship of the present disclosure, the type of gas to be loaded into the tank can be efficiently switched, and the effort and time required for the work can be reduced.

本開示の実施形態に係る船舶の概略構成を示す平面図である。1 is a plan view showing a schematic configuration of a ship according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 本開示の実施形態に係る船舶が適用されるタンクにおいて、タンクに液化二酸化炭素を積み込んだ状態を示す側断面図である。1 is a side sectional view showing a state in which liquefied carbon dioxide is loaded into a tank to which a ship according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is applied; FIG. 本開示の実施形態に係る船舶が適用されるタンクにおいて、タンクに液化アンモニアを積み込んだ状態を示す側断面図である。FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing a state in which liquefied ammonia is loaded into a tank to which a ship according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is applied. 本開示の実施形態に係る船舶において、液化アンモニアを払い出したタンクにアンモニアガスが残留した状態を示す側断面図である。FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing a state in which ammonia gas remains in a tank from which liquefied ammonia has been discharged in a ship according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 本開示の実施形態に係る船舶において、タンクに液化二酸化炭素を供給し、混合ガスが水タンクに送り込まれる状態を示す側断面図である。FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing a state in which liquefied carbon dioxide is supplied to a tank and mixed gas is sent into a water tank in a ship according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 本開示の実施形態に係る船舶において、液化二酸化炭素を払い出したタンクに二酸化炭素ガスが残留した状態を示す側断面図である。FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing a state in which carbon dioxide gas remains in a tank from which liquefied carbon dioxide has been discharged in a ship according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 本開示の実施形態に係る船舶において、タンクに液化アンモニアを供給し、混合ガスが水タンクに送り込まれる状態を示す側断面図である。FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing a state in which liquefied ammonia is supplied to a tank and mixed gas is sent into a water tank in a ship according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

以下、本開示の実施形態に係る船舶について、図１～図７を参照して説明する。
（船舶の船体構成）
図１、図２に示す本開示の実施形態の船舶１は、例えば、液化二酸化炭素と、液化アンモニアと、を選択的に運搬可能とされている。この船舶１は、船体２と、タンク２１と、上部供給ライン３２と、供給ラインとしての下部供給ライン３３と、排出ライン３５と、水タンク５０と、を少なくとも備えている。 Hereinafter, a ship according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7.
(Ship hull configuration)
The ship 1 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is capable of selectively transporting, for example, liquefied carbon dioxide and liquefied ammonia. This ship 1 includes at least a hull 2, a tank 21, an upper supply line 32, a lower supply line 33 as a supply line, a discharge line 35, and a water tank 50.

（船体の構成）
図１に示すように、船体２は、その外殻をなす、一対の舷側３Ａ，３Ｂと、船底（図示無し）と、甲板５と、を有している。舷側３Ａ，３Ｂは、左右舷側をそれぞれ形成する一対の舷側外板を備えている。船底（図示無し）は、これら舷側３Ａ，３Ｂを接続する船底外板を備えている。これら一対の舷側３Ａ，３Ｂ及び船底（図示無し）により、船体２の外殻は、船首尾方向Ｄａに直交する断面において、Ｕ字状を成している。この実施形態で例示する甲板５は、外部に露出する全通甲板である。船体２には、船尾２ｂ側の甲板５上に、居住区を有する上部構造７が形成されている。 (hull configuration)
As shown in FIG. 1, the hull 2 has a pair of sides 3A and 3B forming its outer shell, a bottom (not shown), and a deck 5. The sides 3A and 3B include a pair of side outer plates forming port and starboard sides, respectively. The bottom (not shown) includes a bottom shell plate that connects these sides 3A and 3B. The outer shell of the hull 2 has a U-shape in a cross section perpendicular to the bow and stern direction Da due to the pair of sides 3A, 3B and the bottom (not shown). The deck 5 illustrated in this embodiment is a full deck exposed to the outside. In the hull 2, a superstructure 7 having a living area is formed on a deck 5 on the stern 2b side.

船体２内には、上部構造７よりも船首２ａ側に、貨物搭載区画（ホールド）８が形成されている。貨物搭載区画８は、甲板５に対して下方の船底（図示無し）に向けて凹み、上方に開口している。 A cargo loading compartment (hold) 8 is formed in the hull 2 closer to the bow 2a than the superstructure 7. The cargo loading compartment 8 is recessed from the deck 5 toward the bottom of the ship (not shown) and opens upward.

（タンクの構成）
タンク２１は、貨物搭載区画８内に、複数配置されている。この実施形態において、タンク２１は、貨物搭載区画８内に、例えば計７個が配置されている。貨物搭載区画８内におけるタンク２１のレイアウト、設置数は何ら限定するものではない。この実施形態において、各タンク２１は、例えば、水平方向（具体的には、船首尾方向）に延びる円筒状である。なお、タンク２１は、円筒状に限られるものではなく球形であってもよい。 (Tank configuration)
A plurality of tanks 21 are arranged within the cargo loading compartment 8. In this embodiment, a total of seven tanks 21 are arranged in the cargo loading compartment 8, for example. The layout and number of tanks 21 installed within the cargo loading compartment 8 are not limited in any way. In this embodiment, each tank 21 has, for example, a cylindrical shape extending in the horizontal direction (specifically, in the bow and aft direction). Note that the tank 21 is not limited to a cylindrical shape, but may be spherical.

（供給ラインの構成）
図２に示すように、上部供給ライン３２、及び下部供給ライン３３は、各タンク２１に設けられている。
上部供給ライン３２は、タンク２１の外部からタンク２１の内部に至っている。上部供給ライン３２の先端には、タンク２１内の上部に開口する開口部３２ａが形成されている。ここで、タンク内の上部とは、タンク２１内の領域のうち、船高さ方向（言い換えれば、タンク２１の上下方向）におけるタンク２１の中央よりもタンク２１の上端に近い側の領域を意味しており、一例として、タンク２１の頂部を挙げることができる。この上部供給ライン３２には、開閉弁３２ｖが設けられている。また、上部供給ライン３２には、排出ライン３５が分岐接続されている。 (Supply line configuration)
As shown in FIG. 2, an upper supply line 32 and a lower supply line 33 are provided in each tank 21.
The upper supply line 32 extends from the outside of the tank 21 to the inside of the tank 21 . At the tip of the upper supply line 32, an opening 32a is formed which opens into the upper part of the tank 21. Here, the upper part of the tank means an area of the tank 21 that is closer to the upper end of the tank 21 than the center of the tank 21 in the ship height direction (in other words, the vertical direction of the tank 21). An example of this is the top of the tank 21. This upper supply line 32 is provided with an on-off valve 32v. Furthermore, a discharge line 35 is branched and connected to the upper supply line 32 .

下部供給ライン３３は、タンク２１の外部からタンク２１の内部に至っている。下部供給ライン３３の先端には、タンク２１内の下部に開口する開口部３３ａが形成されている。ここで、タンク２１内の下部とは、タンク２１内の領域のうち、船高さ方向におけるタンク２１の中央よりもタンク２１の下端に近い側の領域を意味しており、一例として、タンク２１の底部を挙げることができる。この下部供給ライン３３には、開閉弁３３ｖが設けられている。 The lower supply line 33 extends from the outside of the tank 21 to the inside of the tank 21 . At the tip of the lower supply line 33, an opening 33a is formed which opens into the lower part of the tank 21. Here, the lower part of the tank 21 refers to an area of the tank 21 that is closer to the lower end of the tank 21 than the center of the tank 21 in the ship height direction. The bottom of This lower supply line 33 is provided with an on-off valve 33v.

（排出ラインの構成）
排出ライン３５は、タンク２１に積み込むガスの種類を切り替える際に、タンク２１に貯留されていたアンモニア及び二酸化炭素の少なくとも一方を含む気体を、タンク２１の外部に排出する。排出ライン３５の一端側は、上部供給ライン３２から分岐している。この排出ライン３５には、開閉弁３５ｖが設けられている。 (Configuration of discharge line)
The discharge line 35 discharges the gas containing at least one of ammonia and carbon dioxide stored in the tank 21 to the outside of the tank 21 when changing the type of gas to be loaded into the tank 21 . One end side of the discharge line 35 branches from the upper supply line 32. This discharge line 35 is provided with an on-off valve 35v.

（水タンクの構成）
水タンク５０は、船体２（図１参照）内に設けられている。水タンク５０は、例えば、船体２内に設けられたバラストタンクであってもよい。水タンク５０は、その内部に水Ｗが貯留可能とされる。水タンク５０に貯留される水Ｗは、海水であってもよい。水タンク５０内には、排出ライン３５の他端が配置されている。これにより、排出ライン３５を通してタンク２１から排出される気体が水タンク５０内の水Ｗに導入される。 (Water tank configuration)
The water tank 50 is provided within the hull 2 (see FIG. 1). The water tank 50 may be, for example, a ballast tank provided within the hull 2. The water tank 50 is capable of storing water W therein. The water W stored in the water tank 50 may be seawater. The other end of the discharge line 35 is located within the water tank 50 . Thereby, the gas discharged from the tank 21 through the discharge line 35 is introduced into the water W in the water tank 50.

この実施形態で例示する水タンク５０には、加熱部５２が設けられている。加熱部５２は、水タンク５０内の水Ｗを加熱可能に構成されている。例えば、タンクから排出された気体に含まれる成分（二酸化炭素やアンモニア）が水Ｗを介して化学反応を起こして、その化学反応により生成された物質（例えば炭酸アンモニウム）が水タンク５０内の水Ｗに溶け込んでいる場合がある。この場合、加熱部５２により水タンク５０内の水Ｗを加熱することで、上記化学反応する前の成分（二酸化炭素、アンモニア及び水）に分離することが可能となる。 The water tank 50 illustrated in this embodiment is provided with a heating section 52. The heating unit 52 is configured to be able to heat the water W in the water tank 50. For example, components (carbon dioxide and ammonia) contained in the gas discharged from the tank cause a chemical reaction through the water W, and a substance (for example, ammonium carbonate) produced by the chemical reaction is transferred to the water in the water tank 50. It may blend into W. In this case, by heating the water W in the water tank 50 with the heating unit 52, it becomes possible to separate it into the components (carbon dioxide, ammonia, and water) before the chemical reaction.

さらに、この実施形態で例示する水タンク５０には、分離ガス排出ライン５３が接続されている。この分離ガス排出ライン５３によって、加熱部５２によって分離された上記成分を含む気体が、船外に排出可能になっている。 Furthermore, a separation gas discharge line 53 is connected to the water tank 50 illustrated in this embodiment. This separated gas discharge line 53 allows the gas containing the above-mentioned components separated by the heating section 52 to be discharged to the outside of the ship.

（タンクへの液化ガスの積込、及び払い出し）
上記タンク２１には、液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃと、液化アンモニアＬａとの何れか一方が選択的に積み込まれる。
船舶１は、液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃ、及び液化アンモニアＬａの何れか一方のみを繰り返し運搬する場合、以下のようにして、タンク２１への液化二酸化炭素の積込、又はタンク２１への液化アンモニアの積込を行う。 (Loading and discharging liquefied gas into tanks)
The tank 21 is selectively loaded with either liquefied carbon dioxide Lc or liquefied ammonia La.
When the ship 1 repeatedly transports only either liquefied carbon dioxide Lc or liquefied ammonia La, the ship 1 loads the liquefied carbon dioxide into the tank 21 or the liquefied ammonia into the tank 21 as follows. Include.

（タンクへの液化二酸化炭素の積込）
図２に示すように、液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃをタンク２１に積み込むには、下部供給ライン３３に、船外の液化二酸化炭素供給設備等から液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃが供給される配管（図示無し）を接続する。開閉弁３３ｖを開状態にし、船外から下部供給ライン３３に液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃを送り込む。すると、液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃは、開口部３３ａからタンク２１内に積み込まれる。このようにして、タンク２１内に液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃが貯留される。また、タンク２１内の上部には、液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃの一部が気化した二酸化炭素ガスＧｃが存在する。なお、液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃのタンク２１への積込は、開閉弁３２ｖを開状態にし、上部供給ライン３２を通して行ってもよい。 (Loading liquefied carbon dioxide into a tank)
As shown in FIG. 2, in order to load liquefied carbon dioxide Lc into the tank 21, a pipe (not shown) through which liquefied carbon dioxide Lc is supplied from an external liquefied carbon dioxide supply facility or the like is connected to the lower supply line 33. do. The on-off valve 33v is opened and liquefied carbon dioxide Lc is fed into the lower supply line 33 from outside the ship. Then, the liquefied carbon dioxide Lc is loaded into the tank 21 through the opening 33a. In this way, liquefied carbon dioxide Lc is stored in the tank 21. Further, in the upper part of the tank 21, carbon dioxide gas Gc, in which a part of the liquefied carbon dioxide Lc is vaporized, is present. Note that the liquefied carbon dioxide Lc may be loaded into the tank 21 by opening the on-off valve 32v and passing through the upper supply line 32.

（タンクへの液化アンモニアの積込）
図３に示すように、液化アンモニアＬａをタンク２１に積み込むには、下部供給ライン３３に、船外の液化アンモニア供給設備等から液化アンモニアＬａが供給される配管（図示無し）を接続する。開閉弁３３ｖを開状態にし、船外から下部供給ライン３３に液化アンモニアＬａを送り込む。すると、液化アンモニアＬａは、開口部３３ａからタンク２１内に積み込まれる。このようにして、タンク２１内に液化アンモニアＬａが貯留される。また、タンク２１内の上部には、液化アンモニアＬａの一部が気化したアンモニアガスＧａが存在する。なお、液化アンモニアＬａのタンク２１への積込は、開閉弁３２ｖを開状態にし、上部供給ライン３２を通して行ってもよい。 (Loading liquefied ammonia into the tank)
As shown in FIG. 3, in order to load liquefied ammonia La into the tank 21, a pipe (not shown) through which liquefied ammonia La is supplied from an external liquefied ammonia supply facility or the like is connected to the lower supply line 33. The on-off valve 33v is opened and liquefied ammonia La is fed into the lower supply line 33 from outside the vessel. Then, liquefied ammonia La is loaded into the tank 21 through the opening 33a. In this way, liquefied ammonia La is stored in the tank 21. Further, in the upper part of the tank 21, ammonia gas Ga, which is partially vaporized liquefied ammonia La, is present. Note that the liquefied ammonia La may be loaded into the tank 21 by opening the on-off valve 32v and passing through the upper supply line 32.

（液化アンモニアから液化二酸化炭素へのガス置換）
タンク２１内に積み込む液化ガスを、液化アンモニアから液化二酸化炭素に置換する場合、まず、タンク２１内の液化アンモニアＬａを、船外の液化アンモニア回収設備等に払い出す。タンク２１内に貯留された液化アンモニアＬａを払い出すには、開閉弁３３ｖを開状態にし、例えば、カーゴポンプ（図示無し）により下部供給ライン３３を通してタンク２１内から液化アンモニアＬａを吸い出す。これにより、タンク２１内の液化アンモニアＬａが、下部供給ライン３３を通して、船外の液化アンモニア回収設備等に払い出される。
タンク２１内の液化アンモニアＬａを払い出した後には、図４に示すように、タンク２１内に、アンモニアガスＧａが残留している。 (Gas replacement from liquefied ammonia to liquefied carbon dioxide)
When replacing the liquefied gas loaded into the tank 21 from liquefied ammonia with liquefied carbon dioxide, first, the liquefied ammonia La in the tank 21 is discharged to a liquefied ammonia recovery facility or the like outside the ship. To discharge the liquefied ammonia La stored in the tank 21, the on-off valve 33v is opened, and the liquefied ammonia La is sucked out from the tank 21 through the lower supply line 33 using, for example, a cargo pump (not shown). As a result, the liquefied ammonia La in the tank 21 is discharged to a liquefied ammonia recovery facility outside the ship through the lower supply line 33.
After the liquefied ammonia La in the tank 21 is discharged, ammonia gas Ga remains in the tank 21, as shown in FIG.

続いて、図５に示すように、液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃをタンク２１の下部に供給する。液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃをタンク２１に供給するには、開閉弁３３ｖを開状態にし、船外から下部供給ライン３３に液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃを送り込む。液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃは、開口部３３ａからタンク２１内に積み込まれる。液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃは、タンク２１内のアンモニアガスＧａよりも比重が大きい。このため、タンク２１内に送り込まれた液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃは、タンク２１の下部に貯留される。アンモニアガスＧａは、タンク２１内で、液化アンモニアＬａの上方に貯留される。また、タンク２１の上部には、液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃが気化することで生成された二酸化炭素ガスＧｃも溜まる。つまり、タンク２１内に液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃを供給すると、タンク２１の上部には、アンモニアガスＧａと二酸化炭素ガスＧｃとの混合ガスＧｍが貯留される。 Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 5, liquefied carbon dioxide Lc is supplied to the lower part of the tank 21. In order to supply the liquefied carbon dioxide Lc to the tank 21, the on-off valve 33v is opened and the liquefied carbon dioxide Lc is fed into the lower supply line 33 from outside the vessel. Liquefied carbon dioxide Lc is loaded into the tank 21 through the opening 33a. The liquefied carbon dioxide Lc has a higher specific gravity than the ammonia gas Ga in the tank 21. Therefore, the liquefied carbon dioxide Lc sent into the tank 21 is stored in the lower part of the tank 21. The ammonia gas Ga is stored above the liquefied ammonia La in the tank 21 . Further, carbon dioxide gas Gc generated by vaporizing liquefied carbon dioxide Lc is also accumulated in the upper part of the tank 21 . That is, when liquefied carbon dioxide Lc is supplied into the tank 21, a mixed gas Gm of ammonia gas Ga and carbon dioxide gas Gc is stored in the upper part of the tank 21.

上記のようにタンク２１内に液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃを送り込むときには、排出ライン３５に設けられた開閉弁３５ｖを開く。液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃをタンク２１の下部に供給し続けると、タンク２１内における液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃの量が増えるにしたがって、タンク２１の上部のアンモニアガスＧａと二酸化炭素ガスＧｃとの混合ガスＧｍは、タンク２１内で上方に押し上げられる。押し上げられた混合ガスＧｍは、タンク２１内の上部に開口した開口部３２ａから、上部供給ライン３２に流れ込む。上部供給ライン３２に流れ込んだ混合ガスＧｍは、排出ライン３５を通して水タンク５０内の水Ｗに導入される。 When sending the liquefied carbon dioxide Lc into the tank 21 as described above, the on-off valve 35v provided in the discharge line 35 is opened. When liquefied carbon dioxide Lc is continued to be supplied to the lower part of tank 21, as the amount of liquefied carbon dioxide Lc in tank 21 increases, the mixed gas Gm of ammonia gas Ga and carbon dioxide gas Gc in the upper part of tank 21 becomes It is pushed upward within the tank 21. The pushed-up mixed gas Gm flows into the upper supply line 32 from an opening 32 a opened at the upper part of the tank 21 . The mixed gas Gm that has flowed into the upper supply line 32 is introduced into the water W in the water tank 50 through the discharge line 35.

すると、混合ガスＧｍに含まれる成分であるアンモニア（ＮＨ３）と二酸化炭素（ＣＯ２）は、水Ｗ中に放出され、水Ｗ（Ｈ２Ｏ）を介して化学反応を起こす。そして、この化学反応により固体の炭酸アンモニウム（（ＮＨ４）２ＣＯ３）や炭酸水素アンモニウム（ＮＨ４・ＨＣＯ３）が生成される。生成された炭素アンモニウムや炭酸水素アンモニウムは、水Ｗ中に溶け込んだ状態で水タンク５０内に貯留される。 Then, ammonia (NH 3 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which are components contained in the mixed gas Gm, are released into the water W and cause a chemical reaction via the water W (H 2 O). This chemical reaction produces solid ammonium carbonate ((NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ) and ammonium hydrogen carbonate (NH 4 .HCO 3 ). The generated ammonium carbon and ammonium hydrogen carbonate are stored in the water tank 50 in a state dissolved in the water W.

なお、タンク２１内に液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃを送り込みはじめた初期の段階で、タンク２１の上部から、混合ガスＧｍではなく、アンモニアガスＧａのみが上部供給ライン３２に排出されるのであれば、アンモニアガスＧａは、水タンク５０に送り込まず、上部供給ライン３２を通して船外に設けられたアンモニアガス回収設備等で回収しても良い。 Note that if only ammonia gas Ga rather than mixed gas Gm is discharged from the upper part of tank 21 to upper supply line 32 at the initial stage when liquefied carbon dioxide Lc is started to be fed into tank 21, ammonia gas Ga may be recovered by an ammonia gas recovery facility or the like provided outside the ship through the upper supply line 32 without being fed into the water tank 50.

タンク２１内に、所定量の液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃが貯留されたら、開閉弁３３ｖ、３５ｖを閉状態にする。これにより、タンク２１内に積み込む液化ガスを、液化アンモニアＬａから液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃに置換する作業が完了する。 When a predetermined amount of liquefied carbon dioxide Lc is stored in the tank 21, the on-off valves 33v and 35v are closed. This completes the work of replacing the liquefied gas loaded into the tank 21 from liquefied ammonia La with liquefied carbon dioxide Lc.

（液化二酸化炭素から液化アンモニアへのガス置換）
タンク２１内に積み込む液化ガスを、液化二酸化炭素から液化アンモニアに置換する場合、まず、タンク２１内の液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃを、船外の液化二酸化炭素回収設備等に払い出す。タンク２１内に貯留された液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃを払い出すには、開閉弁３３ｖを開状態にし、例えば、カーゴポンプ（図示無し）により下部供給ライン３３を通してタンク２１内から液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃを吸い出す。これにより、タンク２１内の液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃが、下部供給ライン３３を通して、船外の液化二酸化炭素回収設備等に払い出される。
タンク２１内の液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃを払い出した後、図６に示すように、タンク２１内には、二酸化炭素ガスＧｃが残留している。 (Gas replacement from liquefied carbon dioxide to liquefied ammonia)
When replacing liquefied carbon dioxide with liquefied ammonia as the liquefied gas loaded into the tank 21, first, the liquefied carbon dioxide Lc in the tank 21 is discharged to a liquefied carbon dioxide recovery facility or the like outside the ship. To discharge the liquefied carbon dioxide Lc stored in the tank 21, the on-off valve 33v is opened, and the liquefied carbon dioxide Lc is sucked out from the tank 21 through the lower supply line 33 using, for example, a cargo pump (not shown). As a result, the liquefied carbon dioxide Lc in the tank 21 is discharged to the liquefied carbon dioxide recovery equipment outside the ship through the lower supply line 33.
After the liquefied carbon dioxide Lc in the tank 21 is discharged, as shown in FIG. 6, carbon dioxide gas Gc remains in the tank 21.

続いて、図７に示すように、タンク２１の下部に、液化アンモニアＬａを供給する。液化アンモニアＬａをタンク２１に供給するには、開閉弁３３ｖを開状態にし、船外から下部供給ライン３３に液化アンモニアＬａを送り込む。すると、液化アンモニアＬａは、開口部３３ａからタンク２１内に積み込まれる。 Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 7, liquefied ammonia La is supplied to the lower part of the tank 21. In order to supply liquefied ammonia La to the tank 21, the on-off valve 33v is opened and the liquefied ammonia La is fed into the lower supply line 33 from outside the vessel. Then, liquefied ammonia La is loaded into the tank 21 through the opening 33a.

液化アンモニアＬａは、タンク２１内の二酸化炭素ガスＧｃよりも比重が大きい。そのため、タンク２１内に送り込まれた液化アンモニアＬａは、タンク２１の下部に貯留される。二酸化炭素ガスＧｃは、タンク２１内で、液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃの上方に貯留される。また、タンク２１の上部には、液化アンモニアＬａが気化することで生成されたアンモニアガスＧａも溜まる。つまり、タンク２１内に液化アンモニアＬａを供給すると、タンク２１の上部には、二酸化炭素ガスＧｃとアンモニアガスＧａとの混合ガスＧｍが貯留される。 Liquefied ammonia La has a higher specific gravity than carbon dioxide gas Gc in the tank 21. Therefore, the liquefied ammonia La sent into the tank 21 is stored in the lower part of the tank 21. Carbon dioxide gas Gc is stored above liquefied carbon dioxide Lc within tank 21 . Furthermore, ammonia gas Ga generated by vaporizing liquefied ammonia La is also accumulated in the upper part of the tank 21 . That is, when liquefied ammonia La is supplied into the tank 21, a mixed gas Gm of carbon dioxide gas Gc and ammonia gas Ga is stored in the upper part of the tank 21.

上記のようにタンク２１内に液化アンモニアＬａを送り込むときには、排出ライン３５に設けられた開閉弁３５ｖを開く。液化アンモニアＬａをタンク２１の下部に供給し続けると、タンク２１内における液化アンモニアＬａの量が増えるにしたがって、タンク２１の上部の二酸化炭素ガスＧｃとアンモニアガスＧａとの混合ガスＧｍが、タンク２１内で上方に押し上げられる。押し上げられた混合ガスＧｍは、タンク２１内の上部に開口した開口部３２ａから、上部供給ライン３２に流れ込む。上部供給ライン３２に流れ込んだ混合ガスＧｍは、排出ライン３５を通して水タンク５０内の水Ｗに導入される。 When sending liquefied ammonia La into the tank 21 as described above, the on-off valve 35v provided in the discharge line 35 is opened. When liquefied ammonia La is continued to be supplied to the lower part of the tank 21, as the amount of liquefied ammonia La in the tank 21 increases, the mixed gas Gm of carbon dioxide gas Gc and ammonia gas Ga in the upper part of the tank 21 increases. pushed upwards within. The pushed-up mixed gas Gm flows into the upper supply line 32 from an opening 32 a opened at the upper part of the tank 21 . The mixed gas Gm that has flowed into the upper supply line 32 is introduced into the water W in the water tank 50 through the discharge line 35.

すると、混合ガスＧｍに含まれる成分であるアンモニア（ＮＨ３）と二酸化炭素（ＣＯ２）は、水Ｗ中に放出され、水Ｗ（Ｈ２Ｏ）を介して化学反応を起こす。そして、この化学反応により固体の炭酸アンモニウム（（ＮＨ４）２ＣＯ３）や炭酸水素アンモニウム（ＮＨ４・ＨＣＯ３）が生成される。この生成された炭酸アンモニウムや炭酸水素アンモニウムは、水Ｗに溶け込んだ状態で水タンク５０内に貯留される。 Then, ammonia (NH 3 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which are components contained in the mixed gas Gm, are released into the water W and cause a chemical reaction via the water W (H 2 O). This chemical reaction produces solid ammonium carbonate ((NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ) and ammonium hydrogen carbonate (NH 4 .HCO 3 ). The generated ammonium carbonate and ammonium hydrogen carbonate are stored in the water tank 50 in a state dissolved in the water W.

なお、タンク２１内に液化アンモニアＬａを送り込みはじめた初期の段階で、タンク２１の上部から、混合ガスＧｍではなく、二酸化炭素ガスＧｃのみが上部供給ライン３２に排出されるのであれば、二酸化炭素ガスＧｃは、水タンク５０に送り込まず、そのまま船外に設けられた二酸化炭素回収設備等で回収したり、船外に放出したりしてもよい。 Note that if only carbon dioxide gas Gc, not mixed gas Gm, is discharged from the upper part of tank 21 to upper supply line 32 at the initial stage when liquefied ammonia La is started to be fed into tank 21, carbon dioxide The gas Gc may not be sent to the water tank 50, but may be directly recovered by a carbon dioxide recovery facility provided outside the ship, or may be discharged outside the ship.

タンク２１内に、所定量の液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃが貯留されたら、開閉弁３３ｖ、３５ｖを閉状態にする。これにより、タンク２１内に積み込む液化ガスを、液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃから液化アンモニアＬａに置換することができる。 When a predetermined amount of liquefied carbon dioxide Lc is stored in the tank 21, the on-off valves 33v and 35v are closed. Thereby, the liquefied gas loaded into the tank 21 can be replaced with liquefied ammonia La from liquefied carbon dioxide Lc.

（水タンク内の水の熱分解処理）
上記のようにして、水タンク５０内の水Ｗは、加熱部５２を作動させることで熱分解処理を行うことができる。加熱部５２を作動させると、炭酸アンモニウムや炭酸水素アンモニウムが溶け込んだ水Ｗが加熱される。水タンク５０内の水Ｗを、例えば５８℃以上に加熱すると、炭酸アンモニウムや炭酸水素アンモニウムが、アンモニアと二酸化炭素と水Ｗに熱分解される。これら熱分解されたアンモニア及び二酸化炭素は、分離ガス排出ライン５３等を通して船外に設けられた処理設備等に排出される。 (Pyrolysis treatment of water in water tank)
As described above, the water W in the water tank 50 can be thermally decomposed by operating the heating section 52. When the heating section 52 is operated, water W in which ammonium carbonate and ammonium hydrogen carbonate are dissolved is heated. When the water W in the water tank 50 is heated to, for example, 58° C. or higher, ammonium carbonate and ammonium hydrogen carbonate are thermally decomposed into ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water W. These thermally decomposed ammonia and carbon dioxide are discharged through the separation gas discharge line 53 and the like to a processing facility provided outside the ship.

（作用効果）
上記実施形態の船舶１では、アンモニアガスＧａ及び二酸化炭素ガスＧｃの一方が残留した（貯留された）タンク２１と、タンク２１内に液化アンモニアＬａ及び液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃの他方を供給する下部供給ライン３３と、下部供給ライン３３から液化アンモニアＬａ及び液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃの他方を供給する際に、液化アンモニアＬａ及び液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃの他方から気化した気体と、タンク２１内に残留しているアンモニアガスＧａ及び二酸化炭素ガスＧｃの一方の気体と、が混合された混合気体を排出する排出ライン３５と、排出ライン３５から排出された混合気体が導入される水タンク５０と、を備えている。 (effect)
In the ship 1 of the above embodiment, there is a tank 21 in which one of ammonia gas Ga and carbon dioxide gas Gc remains (stored), and a lower supply line that supplies the other of liquefied ammonia La and liquefied carbon dioxide Lc into the tank 21. 33, gas vaporized from the other of liquefied ammonia La and liquefied carbon dioxide Lc when the other of liquefied ammonia La and liquefied carbon dioxide Lc is supplied from the lower supply line 33, and ammonia gas remaining in the tank 21. It includes a discharge line 35 for discharging a mixed gas of Ga and carbon dioxide gas Gc, and a water tank 50 into which the mixed gas discharged from the discharge line 35 is introduced.

このような構成では、アンモニアガスＧａ及び二酸化炭素ガスＧｃの一方が残留したタンク２１内に、下部供給ライン３３を通して液化アンモニアＬａ及び液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃの他方を供給すると、アンモニアと二酸化炭素とが混合された混合気体がタンク２１から排出される。この混合気体は、排出ライン３５を通して水タンク５０内に導入され、水Ｗ内に放出される。そして、タンク２１内でアンモニアと二酸化炭素と水とが接触することで化学反応が起こり、炭酸アンモニウムや炭酸水素アンモニウムが生成される。これら炭酸アンモニウムや炭酸水素アンモニウムは、水Ｗに溶け込み貯留される。したがって、ガスの種類を切り替える際にタンク２１から排出される気体や生成物を、船外に排出する必要がなくなる。つまり、タンク２１から排出される気体を大気中に放出することが困難な場合であっても、ガスの種類の切替作業を行うことができる。その結果、タンク２１内に積み込むガスの種類の切替を効率良く行い、ガスの種類を切り替える作業に要する手間と時間を抑えることができる。 In such a configuration, when the other of the liquefied ammonia La and the liquefied carbon dioxide Lc is supplied through the lower supply line 33 into the tank 21 in which one of the ammonia gas Ga and the carbon dioxide gas Gc remains, ammonia and carbon dioxide are mixed. The mixed gas is discharged from the tank 21. This mixed gas is introduced into the water tank 50 through the discharge line 35 and discharged into the water W. A chemical reaction occurs when ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water come into contact within the tank 21, and ammonium carbonate and ammonium hydrogen carbonate are produced. These ammonium carbonate and ammonium hydrogen carbonate dissolve in water W and are stored. Therefore, there is no need to discharge the gas and products discharged from the tank 21 overboard when switching the type of gas. In other words, even if it is difficult to release the gas discharged from the tank 21 into the atmosphere, the type of gas can be switched. As a result, the type of gas to be loaded into the tank 21 can be efficiently switched, and the effort and time required for switching the type of gas can be reduced.

上記実施形態の船舶１では、更に、水タンク５０内の水Ｗを加熱する加熱部５２と、加熱部５２で水Ｗを加熱することで水Ｗから分離した気体を排出する分離ガス排出ライン５３と、を備えている。
このような構成では、ガスの種類を切り替える際に、混合気体と水との化学反応によって生成された生成物の溶け込んでいる水タンク５０内の水Ｗを、加熱部５２で加熱することができる。そのため、水Ｗに溶け込んでいた炭酸アンモニウムや炭酸水素アンモニウムを熱分解させて、二酸化炭素ガスやアンモニアガス等の気体を水Ｗから分離することができる。そして、水タンク５０内の水Ｗから分離した気体を、分離ガス排出ライン５３から排出することができるので、例えば、ガスの種類を切り替える作業の状況に関わらず、適宜のタイミングで、水Ｗから分離した気体の処理を行うことができる。 The ship 1 of the above embodiment further includes a heating unit 52 that heats the water W in the water tank 50, and a separation gas discharge line 53 that discharges gas separated from the water W by heating the water W in the heating unit 52. It is equipped with.
In such a configuration, when switching the type of gas, the heating unit 52 can heat the water W in the water tank 50 in which the products generated by the chemical reaction between the mixed gas and water are dissolved. . Therefore, ammonium carbonate and ammonium hydrogen carbonate dissolved in water W can be thermally decomposed, and gases such as carbon dioxide gas and ammonia gas can be separated from water W. The gas separated from the water W in the water tank 50 can be discharged from the separated gas discharge line 53, so that, for example, regardless of the status of the work in which the type of gas is switched, the gas separated from the water W in the water tank 50 can be discharged from the water W at an appropriate timing. The separated gas can be processed.

（その他の実施形態）
以上、本開示の実施の形態について図面を参照して詳述したが、具体的な構成はこの実施の形態に限られるものではなく、本開示の要旨を逸脱しない範囲の設計変更等も含まれる。
なお、上記実施形態では、水タンク５０に加熱部５２を備えるようにしたが、加熱部５２は、船外の処理設備等に設けるようにしてもよい。その場合、水タンク５０内の水Ｗは、排出ライン３５から排出された気体に含まれる成分や生成物が溶け込んだまま、船外に排出し、船外の処理設備等で処理する。
また、上記実施形態では、上部供給ライン３２に排出ライン３５が分岐接続されている場合を例示したが、上部供給ライン３２を省略してタンク２１に排出ライン３５を直接接続してもよい。
さらに、上記実施形態では、下部供給ライン３３によりタンク２１の下部から液化アンモニアＬａ又は液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃをタンク２１内に供給する場合について説明したが、下部に限られず、例えば、タンク２１の上部や中央から液化アンモニアＬａ又は液化二酸化炭素Ｌｃをタンク２１内に供給するようにしてもよい。 (Other embodiments)
Although the embodiment of the present disclosure has been described above in detail with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and includes design changes within the scope of the gist of the present disclosure. .
In the above embodiment, the water tank 50 is provided with the heating section 52, but the heating section 52 may be provided in processing equipment outside the ship. In that case, the water W in the water tank 50 is discharged to the outside of the ship while the components and products contained in the gas discharged from the discharge line 35 are dissolved therein, and are treated by an outside treatment facility or the like.
Further, in the above embodiment, the case where the discharge line 35 is branch-connected to the upper supply line 32 is illustrated, but the upper supply line 32 may be omitted and the discharge line 35 may be directly connected to the tank 21.
Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the case where liquefied ammonia La or liquefied carbon dioxide Lc is supplied into the tank 21 from the lower part of the tank 21 using the lower supply line 33 has been described, but the supply line 33 is not limited to the lower part, and for example, the upper part of the tank 21, Liquefied ammonia La or liquefied carbon dioxide Lc may be supplied into the tank 21 from the center.

＜付記＞
実施形態に記載の船舶１は、例えば以下のように把握される。 <Additional notes>
The ship 1 described in the embodiment is understood as follows, for example.

（１）第１の態様に係る船舶１は、船体２と、前記船体２内に設けられて、アンモニア及び二酸化炭素の一方が貯留されたタンク２１と、前記タンク２１内にアンモニア及び二酸化炭素の他方を供給する供給ライン３３と、前記供給ライン３３を通してタンク２１内にアンモニア及び二酸化炭素の他方を供給する際に、前記タンク２１に貯留されていたアンモニア及び二酸化炭素の一方と、前記供給ライン３３により前記タンク２１ないに供給されたアンモニア及び二酸化炭素の他方と、が混合された混合気体を排出する排出ライン３５と、前記船体２内に設けられ、水Ｗが貯留されているとともに、前記排出ライン３５から排出された前記混合気体が導入される水タンク５０と、を備える。 (1) A ship 1 according to a first aspect includes a ship body 2, a tank 21 provided in the ship body 2 and storing one of ammonia and carbon dioxide, and a tank 21 in which one of ammonia and carbon dioxide is stored. When supplying the other of ammonia and carbon dioxide into the tank 21 through the supply line 33, one of the ammonia and carbon dioxide stored in the tank 21 and the supply line 33 A discharge line 35 is provided in the hull 2 for discharging a mixed gas containing the other of ammonia and carbon dioxide supplied to the tank 21, and the discharge line 35 is provided in the hull 2, and stores water W. A water tank 50 into which the mixed gas discharged from the line 35 is introduced.

この船舶１は、タンク２１に積み込むガスの種類を切り換える場合、アンモニア及び二酸化炭素の一方が貯留されたタンク２１内に、供給ライン３３を通してアンモニア及び二酸化炭素の他方を供給する。すると、排出ライン３５から、アンモニア及び二酸化炭素の混合された混合気体が排出される。このタンク２１から排出された混合気体は、排出ライン３５を通して水タンク５０に送り込まれる。タンク２１内に送り込まれた混合気体が水Ｗと接触することで、例えば炭酸アンモニウムや炭酸水素アンモニウムが生成物として生成される。この生成物は、水タンク５０に導入されることで水Ｗに溶け込む。
このようにして、タンク２１に積み込むガスの種類を切り替える際に、タンク２１から排出される混合気体を水Ｗと化学反応させて、水タンク５０に貯留させることができる。したがって、ガスの種類を切り替える際にタンク２１から排出される気体や生成物を、船外に排出する必要がない。つまり、タンク２１から排出される気体を大気中に放出することが困難な場合であっても、ガスの種類の切替作業を行うことができる。その結果、タンク２１内に積み込むガスの種類の切替を効率良く行い、ガスの種類を切り替える作業に要する手間と時間を抑えることができる。 When switching the type of gas to be loaded into the tank 21, this ship 1 supplies the other of ammonia and carbon dioxide through the supply line 33 into the tank 21 in which one of ammonia and carbon dioxide is stored. Then, a mixed gas of ammonia and carbon dioxide is discharged from the discharge line 35. The mixed gas discharged from the tank 21 is sent into the water tank 50 through the discharge line 35. When the mixed gas sent into the tank 21 comes into contact with the water W, for example, ammonium carbonate or ammonium hydrogen carbonate is generated as a product. This product dissolves in the water W by being introduced into the water tank 50.
In this way, when switching the type of gas to be loaded into the tank 21, the mixed gas discharged from the tank 21 can be chemically reacted with the water W and stored in the water tank 50. Therefore, there is no need to discharge the gas and products discharged from the tank 21 overboard when switching the type of gas. In other words, even if it is difficult to release the gas discharged from the tank 21 into the atmosphere, the type of gas can be switched. As a result, the type of gas to be loaded into the tank 21 can be efficiently switched, and the effort and time required for switching the type of gas can be reduced.

（２）第２の態様に係る船舶１は、（１）の船舶１であって、前記水タンク５０内の前記水Ｗを加熱する加熱部５２と、前記加熱部５２で前記水Ｗを加熱することで前記水Ｗから分離した気体を排出する分離ガス排出ライン５３と、を備える。 (2) The ship 1 according to the second aspect is the ship 1 according to (1), and includes a heating section 52 that heats the water W in the water tank 50, and a heating section 52 that heats the water W. A separated gas discharge line 53 for discharging the gas separated from the water W is provided.

これにより、上記生成物が溶け込んだ水タンク５０内の水Ｗを加熱することができる。そのため、水Ｗに溶け込んでいた炭酸アンモニウムや炭酸水素アンモニウムを熱分解させて、二酸化炭素ガスやアンモニアガス等の気体を水Ｗから分離することができる。また、水タンク５０内の水Ｗから分離した気体を、分離ガス排出ライン５３から排出することができるので、例えば、タンク２１内のガスの種類を切り替える作業の状況に関わらず、適宜のタイミングで、水Ｗから分離した気体の処理を行うことができる。 Thereby, the water W in the water tank 50 in which the above product has been dissolved can be heated. Therefore, ammonium carbonate and ammonium hydrogen carbonate dissolved in water W can be thermally decomposed, and gases such as carbon dioxide gas and ammonia gas can be separated from water W. In addition, since the gas separated from the water W in the water tank 50 can be discharged from the separated gas discharge line 53, it is possible to discharge the gas separated from the water W in the water tank 50 at an appropriate timing, for example, regardless of the status of the work to change the type of gas in the tank 21. , the gas separated from water W can be treated.

１…船舶
２…船体
２ａ…船首
２ｂ…船尾
３Ａ、３Ｂ…舷側
５…甲板
７…上部構造
８…貨物搭載区画
２１…タンク
３２…上部供給ライン
３２ａ…開口部
３２ｖ…開閉弁
３３…供給ライン
３３…下部供給ライン（供給ライン）
３３ａ…開口部
３３ｖ…開閉弁
３５…排出ライン
３５ｖ…開閉弁
５０…水タンク
５２…加熱部
５３…分離ガス排出ライン
Ｄａ…船首尾方向
Ｇａ…アンモニアガス
Ｇｃ…二酸化炭素ガス
Ｇｍ…混合ガス
Ｌａ…液化アンモニア
Ｌｃ…液化二酸化炭素
Ｗ…水 1... Vessel 2... Hull 2a... Bow 2b... Stern 3A, 3B... Side 5... Deck 7... Superstructure 8... Cargo loading compartment 21... Tank 32... Upper supply line 32a... Opening 32v... Opening/closing valve 33... Supply line 33 ...Lower supply line (supply line)
33a... Opening 33v... Open/close valve 35... Discharge line 35v... Open/close valve 50... Water tank 52... Heating section 53... Separated gas discharge line Da... Fore and aft direction Ga... Ammonia gas Gc... Carbon dioxide gas Gm... Mixed gas La... Liquefied ammonia Lc...Liquefied carbon dioxide W...Water

Claims (2)

船体と、
前記船体内に設けられて、液化アンモニア及び液化二酸化炭素の一方が貯留されたタンクと、
前記タンク内に液化アンモニア及び液化二酸化炭素の他方を供給する供給ラインと、
前記タンク内に貯留された液化アンモニア及び液化二酸化炭素の一方を払い出した後に前記供給ラインを通して前記タンク内に液化アンモニア及び液化二酸化炭素の他方を供給する際に、前記タンクに残留しているアンモニアガス及び二酸化炭素ガスの一方と、前記供給ラインにより前記タンク内に供給された液化アンモニア及び液化二酸化炭素の他方が気化したアンモニアガス及び二酸化炭素ガスの他方と、が混合された混合気体を排出する排出ラインと、
前記船体内に設けられ、水が貯留されているとともに、前記排出ラインから排出された前記混合気体が導入される水タンクと、
を備える船舶。 The hull and
a tank provided within the hull and storing one of liquefied ammonia and liquefied carbon dioxide;
a supply line that supplies the other of liquefied ammonia and liquefied carbon dioxide into the tank;
Ammonia gas remaining in the tank when supplying the other of the liquefied ammonia and liquefied carbon dioxide into the tank through the supply line after discharging one of the liquefied ammonia and liquefied carbon dioxide stored in the tank. and an exhaust gas mixture in which one of carbon dioxide gas and the other of liquefied ammonia and liquefied carbon dioxide gas, which are vaporized from the other of liquefied ammonia and liquefied carbon dioxide supplied into the tank through the supply line, are mixed. line and
a water tank provided within the hull, storing water and into which the mixed gas discharged from the discharge line is introduced;
A ship equipped with 前記水タンク内の前記水を加熱する加熱部と、
前記加熱部で前記水を加熱することで前記水から分離した気体を排出する分離ガス排出ラインと、を備える
請求項１に記載の船舶。 a heating unit that heats the water in the water tank;
The ship according to claim 1, further comprising: a separated gas discharge line that discharges gas separated from the water by heating the water in the heating section.
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