JP7385219B2 - test equipment - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a testing device.

As a test device, there is a test device that performs a test (so-called small punch test) in which the test piece is pressed with a steel ball and the displacement of the test piece is measured (for example, Patent Document 1). In the test device disclosed in Patent Document 1, a rod supporting the steel balls is driven by a drive section to press the steel balls against the test piece.

JP2018-059843A

In the test device disclosed in Patent Document 1, the steel ball is driven by a driving section and the displacement of the steel ball is precisely measured, so a power source is required and the device becomes large. For this reason, when a portion of the resin lining material formed on the surface of a structure is taken as a test piece, it is difficult to conduct the test at the site where the test piece is taken.

An object of the present invention is to enable testing to be performed at the site where the test piece is taken.

The test device according to the first aspect includes a holding portion that holds a test piece, a spherical surface, a pressing position where the spherical surface presses the test piece held by the holding portion, and a position where the spherical surface retreats from the test piece. a retracted position, a pressing part movable to the retracted position, and an operation part that moves the pressing part from the retracted position to the pressing position by manual operation by an operator.

According to the configuration of the first aspect, the pressing section is moved from the retracted position to the pressing position by the operator's manual operation on the operating section. As a result, the spherical surface of the pressing section presses the test piece held by the holding section. Then, for example, the degree of deterioration of the test object from which the test piece was taken is determined by the operator observing the deformation state of the test piece that has been deformed by the pressure of the spherical surface of the pressing part.

In this manner, in the configuration of the first aspect, the pressing section is moved from the retracted position to the pressing position by the operator's manual operation on the operating section, so a power source for operating the pressing section is not required. In addition, when the operator observes the deformation state of a test piece deformed by the pressure of the spherical surface of the pressing part to judge the degree of deterioration of the specimen, it is necessary to use a method to precisely measure the displacement of the pressing part. No measuring device is required. In this way, by eliminating the need for a power source and a measuring device, it is possible to downsize the test device.

As described above, according to the configuration of the first aspect, the test device can be downsized and a power source is not required, so that the test can be performed at the site where the test piece is taken.

The test device according to the second aspect includes a first arm in which the holding portion is provided on one end side relative to the intermediate portion, and a transmission portion configured to transmit a moving force to the pressing portion on one end side portion relative to the intermediate portion, a second arm, the intermediate portion of which is rotatably connected to the intermediate portion of the first arm; The pressing portion is provided at the other end of the arm with respect to the intermediate portion, and is manually operated by the operator in a direction in which the other end portions approach each other, thereby causing the pressing portion to be pressed via the transmission portion of the second arm. It is moved from the retracted position to the pressed position.

According to the configuration of the second aspect, the intermediate portions of the first arm and the second arm are rotatably connected to each other. A holding portion is provided at one end of the first arm relative to the intermediate portion. On the other hand, the second arm has a transmission section on one end side relative to the intermediate section, which transmits the moving force to the pressing section.

When the operator manually operates the operating section in the direction in which the other end portions of the first and second arms approach each other, the pressing section is moved from the retracted position to the pressing position via the transmission section of the second arm. move it. As described above, according to the configuration of the second aspect, when the operating portions provided at the other end portions of the first and second arms are operated, the transmission portion is transmitted through the transmission portion provided at the one end side portion of the second arm. Since the pressing part is moved, the pressing part can be operated using a lever.

In the test device according to a third aspect, in the first arm, the distance from the rotation center of the intermediate section to the operation part is longer than the distance from the rotation center to the holding part, and in the second arm, A distance from the center of rotation of the intermediate section to the operating section is longer than a distance from the center of rotation to the transmission section.

Thus, according to the configuration of the third aspect, the distance A from the rotation center of the first arm to the operating section is longer than the distance B from the rotation center to the holding section, and the operation from the rotation center of the second arm is longer than the distance B from the rotation center to the holding section. Since the distance C from the center of rotation to the transmission section is longer than the distance D from the center of rotation to the transmission section, the test piece is more sensitive to input to the operating section than in a configuration where distance A and distance B are equal and distance C and distance D are equal. The pressing force (load) can be increased.

In the test device according to the fourth aspect, an intermediate portion of the first arm and an intermediate portion of the second arm are connected via a rotary damper.

As described above, according to the configuration of the fourth aspect, since the intermediate portions of the first arm and the second arm are connected to each other via the rotary damper, the first arm and the second arm can be connected to each other without using the rotary damper. Compared to a configuration in which the intermediate portions of the two are directly connected, the test piece can be pressed more gently.

In the test device according to the fifth aspect, the holding part is configured to sandwich the peripheral edge of the test piece between a first holding part provided at the one end side portion of the first arm and the first holding part. a second clamping part supported by the first arm so as to be rotatable between a holding position in which the specimen is held and a release position in which the specimen is released by moving away from the first clamping part; have

In this way, according to the configuration of the fifth aspect, by rotating the second clamping part between the holding position and the release position, the test piece can be held and the holding can be released.

In the test device according to the sixth aspect, the holding section has a locking mechanism that locks the second holding section at the holding position.

In this way, according to the configuration of the sixth aspect, the locking mechanism locks the second clamping part at the holding position, so it is possible to suppress the second clamping part located at the holding position from moving to the release position. .

In the test device according to the seventh aspect, the holding section includes a biasing section that biases the second clamping section from the holding position toward the release position.

As described above, according to the configuration of the seventh aspect, the biasing section biases the second clamping section from the holding position toward the release position, so that when the locking by the locking mechanism is released, the second holding section The clamping part can easily move from the holding position to the release position.

In the test device according to the eighth aspect, the first clamping portion is removably provided at the one end side portion of the first arm.

In this way, according to the configuration of the eighth aspect, the first clamping part is removably provided on the one end side portion of the first arm, so the first clamping part can be replaced.

In the test device according to the ninth aspect, the first clamping part has a facing part that faces the second clamping part and forms a gap between the second clamping part and the test piece, and By using the first clamping portions having different dimensions along the opposing direction of the opposing portions, the dimension of the gap along the opposing direction can be changed.

As described above, according to the configuration of the ninth aspect, by using the first clamping part having a different dimension along the opposing direction of the opposing part facing the second clamping part, the dimension of the gap along the opposing direction can be reduced. Since it is changeable, the size of the gap can be changed depending on the size of the test piece.

In the test device according to the tenth aspect, the pressing part is attached to the transmission part of the second arm, and the operating part is manually operated by the operator, thereby changing the retracted position and the pressing position. It is possible to move integrally with the transmission section between the two.

As described above, according to the configuration of the tenth aspect, the pressing part can be moved integrally with the transmission part between the retracted position and the pressing position by manually operating the operating part by the operator. Therefore, the pressing portion can be moved from the retracted position to the pressed position and returned from the pressed position to the retracted position by manual operation by the operator.

In the test device according to the eleventh aspect, the pressing portion is disposed on the first arm, and the operating portion is manually operated by the operator in a direction in which the other end side portions approach each other. The transmission section of the second arm pushes the pressing section to move the pressing section from the retracted position to the pressing position.

Thus, according to the configuration of the eleventh aspect, when the operating section is manually operated by the operator, the transmitting section of the second arm pushes the pressing section disposed on the first arm, Since the pressing portion is moved from the retracted position to the pressing position, the pressing portion can be moved on a trajectory different from the trajectory of the second arm.

In the test device according to the twelfth aspect, the pressing part has a rod extending to the holding part, and the holding part is provided with a bearing that supports the rod movably in the pressing direction. .

According to the configuration of the twelfth aspect, the pressing part has a rod extending to the holding part, and the rod is supported by a bearing, so that the pressing part can be moved smoothly.

Since the present invention has the above configuration, it has the excellent effect that the test can be conducted at the site where the test piece is collected.

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of a test device according to a first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a side view showing a part of the configuration in cross section of the test apparatus of FIG. 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged side cross-sectional view of a part of the test apparatus of FIG. 2; FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a holder of the test device of FIG. 2 and an object to which it is attached. FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view showing a gap in which a test piece is placed in the test apparatus of FIG. 3; FIG. 6 is a side sectional view showing a configuration in which the gap is narrowed in the test apparatus of FIG. 5; FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a holding plate of the test device of FIG. 2; FIG. 4 is a side sectional view showing a state in which the holding plate has moved to a release position in the test apparatus of FIG. 3; FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view showing a state in which the locking member has moved to a non-locking position in the test apparatus of FIG. 3; FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view showing an operation in which a pressing section presses a test piece in the testing apparatus of FIG. 3; FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the fracture form of a test piece when the degree of deterioration of the test object is "slight". FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the fracture form of a test piece when the degree of deterioration of the test object is "medium". FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the fracture form of a test piece when the degree of deterioration of the test object is "large". 2 is a graph showing criteria for determining the lifespan of a test object. FIG. 2 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of a test device according to a second embodiment. FIG. 16 is a side view showing a part of the configuration in cross section of the test device of FIG. 15;

An example of an embodiment according to the present invention will be described below based on the drawings.
《First embodiment》
(Testing device 10)
First, the configuration of the test apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment will be explained. FIG. 1 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of a test apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a side view showing a part of the configuration of the test apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 in cross section.

In addition, forward, backward, upper, lower, left (left side), and right side (right side) used in the following explanation are respectively "FR", "RR", "UP", "DO", and " This corresponds to the arrow directions indicated by "LH" and "RH". These directions are determined for convenience of explanation, so the device configuration is not limited to these directions.

In addition, an "X" written inside an "○" in a figure means an arrow pointing from the front to the back of the page, and a "・" written inside an "○" in a figure means an arrow pointing from the front to the back of the page. means an arrow pointing from the back of the page to the front. Further, the dimensional ratios of the parts shown in each figure in the front-rear direction, up-down direction, and left-right direction may differ from the actual dimensional ratios.

The test device 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a test device for displacing the test piece 19 by pressing the test piece 19 and evaluating the deterioration of the test piece 19 based on the displacement. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the test device 10 includes a first arm 30, a second arm 20, a holding section 15, a pressing section 40, operating sections 82 and 83, It is equipped with

Hereinafter, the configuration of the test piece 19 to be tested and each part of the testing apparatus 10 (first arm 30, second arm 20, holding part 15, pressing part 40, and operation parts 82 and 83) will be described.

(Test piece 19)
As the test piece 19 that is the test object of the test apparatus 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a material that is flexible and becomes hard and brittle over time is used. An example of the material is a urea-based resin material such as polyurea. Note that the test piece 19 is not limited to the resin material described above, and various materials can be used as long as it has flexibility and becomes hard and brittle over time.

Further, the test piece 19 is, for example, a material used for a structure, and is collected from the structure. An example of the material used for the structure is a lining material formed on the surface of the structure. Examples of such structures include buildings, and infrastructure such as electrical equipment, water and sewer lines, and gas pipes.

The test piece 19 is formed into a disk shape, for example (see FIG. 11(A)). The disk-shaped test piece 19 is formed to have a thickness of about 1 to 3 mm and a diameter of about 5 to 10 mm, for example. In addition, when collecting the test piece 19 from the structure, the test piece 19 may be taken from the structure in a disk shape, or it may be taken from the structure in an arbitrary shape and then processed into a disk shape. You may.

Note that the size, including thickness and diameter, and shape of the test piece 19 are not limited to those described above, and test pieces 19 of various sizes and shapes can be used.

(First arm 30 and second arm 20)
Each of the first arm 30 and the second arm 20 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is an example of each of the first arm and the second arm in the claims.

As shown in FIG. 1, the first arm 30 is formed in an elongated shape that is elongated in the left-right direction. Specifically, the first arm 30 has a left portion 32, a middle portion 34, and a right portion 36. Each of the left part 32, the middle part 34, and the right part 36 is an example of each of the one end side part, the middle part, and the other end side part in the claims.

The left portion 32 is a portion of the first arm 30 on the left side with respect to the intermediate portion 34, and constitutes a tip portion of the first arm 30. A circular hole 33 is formed in the left portion 32 and penetrates in the vertical direction. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the inner wall of the circular hole 33 is spirally formed with a thread groove 35 (female thread) for attaching a holder 50, which will be described later, in the holding portion 15. Note that, as shown in FIG. 3, the thread groove 35 is not formed in the inner wall on the upper end side of the circular hole 33.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, an engaged portion 37 is formed on the upper surface of the left portion 32 on the left side of the circular hole 33, with which a claw portion 74 (described later) of the holding portion 15 engages. Specifically, the engaged portion 37 is constituted by a recess into which a claw portion 74, which will be described later, is hooked.

Further, on the left side of the circular hole 33 on the lower surface of the left portion 32, an attachment recess 38 is formed to which a compression spring 17 (described later) of the holding portion 15 is attached.

Further, on the lower surface of the left portion 32, a support portion 39 is provided that rotatably supports a press plate 60, which will be described later, of the holding portion 15. A pair of support portions 39 are provided in front and rear on the right side of the circular hole 33 on the lower surface of the left portion 32, and protrude downward from the lower surface of the left portion 32.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the intermediate portion 34 extends from the right end of the left portion 32 to the diagonally lower right side. The intermediate portion 34 is a portion between the left portion 32 and the right portion 36 of the first arm 30. The right portion 36 is the right portion of the first arm 30 and extends rightward from the right end of the intermediate portion 34.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the second arm 20 is formed in an elongated shape that is elongated in the left-right direction. Specifically, the second arm 20 has a left portion 22, a middle portion 24, and a right portion 26. Each of the left part 22, the middle part 24, and the right part 26 is an example of each of the one end side part, the middle part, and the other end side part in the claims.

The left portion 22 is a portion of the second arm 20 on the left side with respect to the intermediate portion 24, and constitutes a tip portion of the second arm 20. The intermediate portion 24 extends diagonally upward to the right from the right end of the left portion 22 . The intermediate portion 24 is a portion between the left portion 22 and the right portion 26 of the second arm 20. The right portion 26 is the right portion of the second arm 20 and extends rightward from the right end of the intermediate portion 24.

The intermediate portion 24 of the second arm 20 is rotatably connected to the intermediate portion 34 of the first arm 30. Specifically, the intermediate portion 24 can be relatively rotated in the direction in which the right portions 26 and 36 approach each other (X1 direction in the figure) and in the direction in which the right portions 26 and 36 move away from each other (X2 direction in the figure). , 34 are connected to each other at their central portions 24A, 34A in the longitudinal direction.

More specifically, the central portions 24A and 34A are connected to each other via a rotary damper 18. The rotary damper 18 has a function of applying a braking force (brake) to the relative rotation of the second arm 20 with respect to the first arm 30 and decelerating the rotation. The braking force is generated, for example, by friction or oil resistance. Further, the rotary damper 18 decelerates the rotation at least in the direction in which the right portions 26 and 36 approach each other (X1 direction in the figure).

Note that between the right portion 36 of the first arm 30 and the right portion 26 of the second arm 20, the first arm 30 A compression spring 13 is provided as a biasing section that biases the second arm 20.

In this embodiment, the intermediate portions 24 and 34 have been described as an example of the intermediate portion in the claims, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the longitudinal center portions 24A and 34A of the intermediate portions 24 and 34 may be regarded as an example of the intermediate portion in the claims. In this case, a portion on the left side of the central portions 24A, 34A (a portion including a portion of the intermediate portions 24, 34) may be understood as an example of the one end side portion in the scope of the claims. Further, a portion on the right side of the central portions 24A, 34A (a portion including a portion of the intermediate portions 24, 34) may be understood as an example of the other end side portion in the scope of the claims.

(Holding part 15)
The holding part 15 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is an example of the holding part in the claims, and has a function of holding the test piece 19. This holding part 15 is provided on the left part 32 of the first arm 30.

Specifically, the holding part 15 includes a holder 50, a pressing plate 60, a locking mechanism 70, and a compression spring 17, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Each of the holder 50, the holding plate 60, the locking mechanism 70, and the compression spring 17 is an example of each of the first clamping part, the second clamping part, the locking mechanism, and the urging part in the claims.

(Holder 50)
The holder 50 is provided on the left portion 32 of the first arm 30, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and has the function of holding the test piece 19 between the holding plate 60 and the holder 50. Specifically, the holder 50 has a cylindrical portion 52 and a flange portion 54, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

The cylindrical portion 52 is formed in a cylindrical shape with both axial ends open. A spiral thread groove 53 (male thread) is formed on the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion 52 and is threaded into the above-described thread groove 35 (female thread) formed in the first arm 30 .

In this embodiment, by rotating the holder 50 in a predetermined rotation direction and screwing the cylindrical portion 52 into the circular hole 33 of the first arm 30, the thread groove 53 (external thread) is inserted into the thread groove 35. (female thread), and the holder 50 is attached to the left portion 32 of the first arm 30.

The holder 50 is removed from the left portion 32 of the first arm 30 by rotating the holder 50 attached to the first arm 30 in a direction opposite to the rotation direction. In this manner, in this embodiment, the holder 50 is detachably provided to the left portion 32 of the first arm 30.

As shown in FIG. 3, the flange portion 54 is a portion where the test piece 19 is sandwiched between the flange portion 54 and the holding plate 60. This flange portion 54 is an example of a facing portion in the claims.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the flange portion 54 protrudes from the lower end of the cylindrical portion 52 to the outside in the radial direction of the cylindrical portion 52, and is formed in an annular shape (ring shape) when viewed in the vertical direction. Further, the flange portion 54 has a plate shape with the thickness direction being in the up-down direction.

As shown in FIG. 4, a non-slip member 57 is formed on the lower surface of the flange portion 54 along the circumferential direction of a circular opening 58 in the center. The anti-slip member 57 is composed of a protrusion that projects downward from the lower surface of the flange portion 54 . The protrusion is formed in a triple circular shape along the circumferential direction of the opening 58 when viewed in the vertical direction. As shown in FIG. 3, this protrusion bites into the test piece 19, thereby restricting movement of the test piece 19 in the front-rear direction and left-right direction with respect to the holder 50. In addition, in this embodiment, although the protrusion of the anti-slip 57 is formed in three layers, it is not limited to this. For example, the protrusions of the anti-slip 57 may be formed in single or double layers, or may be formed in four or more layers.

As shown in FIG. 5, the flange portion 54 vertically faces the holding plate 60 located at the holding position, and forms a gap 59 between the holding plate 60 and the holding plate 60 to sandwich the test piece 19 therebetween.

As shown in FIG. 6, by using holders 50 in which the flange portions 54 have different dimensions (that is, thickness) in the vertical direction, the dimension of the gap 59 in the vertical direction can be changed. In the example shown in FIG. 6, a holder 50 in which the thickness of the flange portion 54 is made thinner than the configuration shown in FIG. 5 is used. Note that the vertical direction is an example of the opposing direction in the claims.

Further, in the holder 50, the pressing portion 40, which has been moved to the pressing position shown by the solid line in FIG. 2, is inserted into the hollow portion 56 of the cylindrical portion 52. The deformed test piece 19 is inserted between the inner wall of the cylindrical part 52 into which the pressing part 40 is inserted and the pressing part 40, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 10(C).

In addition, in this embodiment, as mentioned above, the holder 50 is screwed to the first arm 30, but the structure is not limited to this. For example, the holder 50 may be attached to the first arm 30 by press-fitting the cylindrical portion 52 into the circular hole 33. Further, the holder 50 may be attached to the first arm 30 by holding the cylindrical portion 52 in a state inserted into the circular hole 33 by other holding means.

(Press plate 60)
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 7, the presser plate 60 is formed into a plate shape whose thickness direction is in the up-down direction, and has a substantially rectangular shape that is long in the left-right direction when viewed in the up-down direction. It is formed. A shaft portion 62 that protrudes forward and backward is provided at the right end portion of the holding plate 60. As shown in FIG. 3, the holding plate 60 is rotatably supported with respect to the first arm 30 by having the shaft portion 62 supported by the support portion 39 of the first arm 30. Specifically, the presser plate 60 is supported by the first arm 30 so as to be rotatable between a holding position shown in FIG. 3 and a release position shown by a solid line in FIG. In addition, in FIG. 8, the position of the pressing plate 60 indicated by the two-dot chain line is the holding position.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 7, a through hole 63 is formed on the left side of the holding plate 60 with respect to the shaft portion 62, and penetrates in the vertical direction. The through hole 63 is a circular hole, and serves as a passage through which the pressing portion 40 moves from the retracted position shown by the two-dot chain line to the pressing position shown by the solid line in FIG. 2 .

As shown in FIG. 7, a non-slip member 67 is formed on the upper surface of the presser plate 60 along the circumferential direction of the through hole 63. The anti-slip 67 is composed of a protrusion that projects upward from the top surface of the presser plate 60. The protrusion is formed in a triple circular shape along the circumferential direction of the through hole 63 when viewed in the vertical direction. As shown in FIG. 3, this protrusion bites into the test piece 19, thereby restricting movement of the test piece 19 in the front-back and left-right directions with respect to the holding plate 60. In addition, in this embodiment, although the protrusion of the anti-slip 67 is formed in three layers, it is not limited to this. For example, the protrusions of the anti-slip 67 may be formed in single or double layers, or may be formed in four or more layers.

In the holding position shown in FIG. 3, the holding plate 60 holds the test piece 19 with the periphery of the test piece 19 sandwiched between it and the holder 50. On the other hand, the holding plate 60 moves away from the holder 50 and releases the holding of the test piece 19 in the release position shown by the solid line in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 7, a shaft portion 69 for supporting a later-described locking member 72 of the locking mechanism 70 is formed at the left end portion of the holding plate 60 at the center in the front-rear direction. .

(Latching mechanism 70)
The locking mechanism 70 shown in FIGS. 2, 3, and 9 is a mechanism that locks the press plate 60 at the holding position. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the locking mechanism 70 includes a locking member 72 formed in an inverted L shape when viewed from the side, and a claw portion formed at the tip of the locking member 72. 74.

The locking member 72 is rotatably supported by a shaft portion 69 disposed at the left end of the holding plate 60. Specifically, the locking member 72 is supported on the left end portion of the presser plate 60 so as to be rotatable between a locking position shown in FIG. 3 and a non-locking position shown by a solid line in FIG. In addition, in FIG. 9, the position of the locking member 72 indicated by the two-dot chain line is the locking position.

The locking member 72 locks the presser plate 60 at the holding position when the claw portion 74 engages with the engaged portion 37 at the locking position. Further, the locking member 72 rotates from the locking position to the non-locking position, thereby releasing the engagement state of the claw portion 74 with the engaged portion 37. As a result, the locked state of the presser plate 60 is released, and the presser plate 60 is allowed to move from the holding position to the release position.

(compression spring 17)
As shown in FIG. 3, the compression spring 17 is provided in the mounting recess 38 of the left portion 32 of the first arm 30 so that the axial direction thereof is along the vertical direction. Specifically, the compression spring 17 is disposed on the left portion 32 of the first arm 30 so as to protrude downward from the left portion 32 . The compression spring 17 contacts the presser plate 60 when the presser plate 60 is located at the holding position, and urges the presser plate 60 from the holding position toward the release position.

(Press section 40)
The pressing part 40 has a spherical surface 44A, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 10, and has a function of pressing the test piece 19 held by the holding part 15 with the spherical surface 44A. Specifically, the pressing part 40 includes a rod 42 as a rod and a sphere 44.

The rod 42 is formed into a cylindrical shape extending in the vertical direction. That is, the rod 42 is formed in a cylindrical shape with the vertical direction as the axial direction. The rod 42 is attached to the upper surface 22A of the left portion 22 of the second arm 20, as shown in FIG. Specifically, the lower end portion of the rod 42 is fixed to the fixing portion 22B of the upper surface 22A of the right side portion of the left portion 22 so that the rod 42 extends upward (ie, toward the holding portion 15 side). Note that the rod 42 may be formed in a cylindrical shape.

The sphere 44 is formed into a spherical shape having a spherical surface 44A, and is fixed to the upper end (i.e., the tip) of the rod 42. The outer diameter of the sphere 44 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the rod 42. Further, the outer diameter of the sphere 44 is smaller than the diameter of the test piece 19, and is approximately 2 mm, for example.

Note that the sphere 44 may have the same outer diameter as the outer diameter of the rod 42. Further, the sphere 44 may have a hemispherical shape, with the upper side being spherical and the lower side being flat. Furthermore, the sphere 44 may be configured separately from the rod 42 and be attracted to the upper end of the rod 42 by an attractive force such as magnetic force. This configuration allows only the sphere 44 to be replaced. As described above, in this embodiment, the shape of the portion (sphere 44) that presses the test piece 19 is spherical, but the shape is not limited to this. The shape of the portion that presses the test piece 19 may be, for example, a flat shape or a shape other than a spherical shape.

The pressing portion 40 is movable between a retracted position shown in FIG. 1 and a pressing position shown by a solid line in FIG. 2 by relative rotation of the second arm 20 with respect to the first arm 30. In other words, the moving force caused by the relative rotation of the second arm 20 with respect to the first arm 30 is transmitted to the pressing part 40 via the fixed part 22B of the second arm 20, and the pressing part 40 moves to the retracted position and the pressing part 40. It is said that it is possible to move to and from different positions. Note that the position of the pressing portion 40 indicated by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 2 is the retracted position.

The fixed part 22B is a part to which the pressing part 40 is fixed, and is an example of a transmitting part in the claims.

In the pressing part 40, the spherical surface 44A of the sphere 44 presses the test piece 19 held by the holding part 15 at the pressing position shown by the solid line in FIG. Specifically, in FIG. 2, the pressing part 40 moves from the retracted position shown by the two-dot chain line to the pressing position shown by the solid line, after starting contact with the lower surface of the test piece 19 (see FIG. 10(A)). ), bites into the test piece 19 (see FIG. 10(B)), and deforms the test piece 19 into a convex shape (see FIG. 10(C)). The test piece 19 is destroyed by further moving the pressing part 40 upward.

In the pressing part 40, the spherical surface 44A of the sphere 44 is retracted from the test piece 19 held by the holding part 15 in the retracted position shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG.

(Operation units 82, 83)
Each of the operation parts 82 and 83 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is provided on the right part 36 of the first arm 30 and the right part 26 of the second arm 20, respectively. Specifically, the operating units 82 and 83 are parts that are manually operated by an operator. More specifically, the operation parts 82 and 83 are parts that are held by the operator. Therefore, the surfaces of the right parts 26 and 36 that are gripped by the operator (grip surfaces) constitute the operation parts 82 and 83.

Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the operating units 82 and 83 move the pressing unit 40 from the retracted position indicated by the two-dot chain line to the pressed position indicated by the solid line, as shown in FIG. Specifically, when the operator manually operates the operation parts 82 and 83 in the direction in which the right parts 26 and 36 approach each other (the X1 direction in the figure), the The pressing section 40 is moved from the retracted position to the pressing position. That is, by manually operating the operating sections 82 and 83 by the operator, the pressing section 40 can be moved integrally with the fixing section 22B between the retracted position and the pressed position.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, in the first arm 30, the distance A from the rotation center S1 of the intermediate section 34 to the operating section 83 is longer than the distance B from the rotation center S1 to the holding section 15. It has become. The distance A is the distance between the farthest position from the rotation center S1 of the intermediate section 34 in the operating section 83 and the rotation center S1. The distance B is the distance between the position where the pressing part 40 contacts the held test piece 19 in the holding part 15 and the rotation center S1. Specifically, in this embodiment, distance A is longer than distance B so that the leverage ratio is 1:2.

Further, in the present embodiment, in the second arm 20, the distance C from the rotation center S1 of the intermediate portion 24 to the operating portion 82 is longer than the distance D from the rotation center S1 to the fixed portion 22B. The distance C is the distance between the farthest position from the rotation center S1 of the intermediate section 24 in the operating section 82 and the rotation center S1. The distance D is the distance between the center position of the area where the rod 42 of the pressing part 40 is fixed in the fixed part 22B in plan view and the rotation center S1. In this embodiment, specifically, the distance C is longer than the distance D so that the leverage ratio is 1:2.

Even when the distance from the rotation center S1 to the pressing portion 40 is compared with the distance C instead of the distance D, the distance C is longer than the distance. The distance is the distance between the position in the pressing part 40 where the holding part 15 contacts the held test piece 19 and the rotation center S1.

(Test method using test device 10)
Next, a test method using the test device 10 will be explained.
The test method includes a sampling process, a holding process, a pressing process, a removing process, and a judgment process.

(Collection process)
The sampling process is a process of sampling the test piece 19. In the sampling step, for example, a test piece 19 is sampled from the structure.

Specifically, for example, a part of the test object (for example, a resin lining material) formed on the surface of the structure is peeled off to obtain the test piece 19. The test piece 19 is formed into a disk shape (see FIG. 11(A)). The disk-shaped test piece 19 is formed to have a thickness of about 1 to 3 mm and a diameter of about 5 to 10 mm, for example. For example, one to three test pieces 19 are prepared.

In addition, when collecting the test piece 19 from the structure, the test piece 19 may be taken from the structure in a disk shape, or after being taken from the structure in an arbitrary shape, it is processed into a disk shape. It's okay.

(holding process)
The holding process is a process of holding the test piece 19 in the holding part 15. In the holding step, first, as shown in FIG. 8, the test piece 19 is placed in contact with the lower surface of the flange portion 54 of the holder 50 while the presser plate 60 is located at the release position shown by the solid line.

Next, as shown in FIG. 9, the holding plate 60 is moved to the holding position, and then, as shown in FIG. 3, the locking member 72 is moved to the locking position. Thereby, the test piece 19 is held between the flange portion 54 of the holder 50 and the holding plate 60. At this time, the non-slip 57 of the flange portion 54 and the non-slip 67 of the holding plate 60 bite into the test piece 19, thereby preventing the test piece 19 from moving in the front-back and left-right directions with respect to the holder 50 and the holding plate 60. , limited.

(pressing process)
The pressing process is a process in which the test piece 19 held by the holding part 15 is pressed by the pressing part 40. In the pressing process, as shown in FIG. 2, the second arm 20 is manually operated by the operator in the direction in which the right parts 26 and 36 approach each other (X1 direction in the figure). The pressing part 40 is moved from the retracted position to the pressing position via the fixed part 22B.

The pressing part 40 that moves from the retracted position to the pressing position starts contacting the lower surface of the test piece 19 (see FIG. 10(A)), and then bites into the test piece 19 (see FIG. 10(B)), causing the test piece 19 is deformed into a convex shape (see FIG. 10(C)). By further moving the pressing part 40 upward, the test piece 19 is destroyed.

(Removal process)
The removal process is a process of removing the test piece 19 from the testing device 10. In the removal process, as shown in FIG. 9, after moving the locking member 72 located at the locking position to the non-locking position, as shown in FIG. 8, the holding plate 60 located at the holding position is moved. to the release position. Then, the test piece 19 is removed from the testing apparatus 10. When there are multiple test pieces 19, the multiple test pieces 19 are deformed by repeating the sampling process, holding process, pressing process, and removal process.

(Judgment process)
The determination step is a step of determining the degree of deterioration of the test object based on the deformation form of the test piece 19. Specifically, in this embodiment, the degree of deterioration of the test object is determined based on the fracture form of the test piece 19 destroyed by the pressure of the pressing part 40.

The fracture modes of the test piece 19 are classified into three modes, that is, the modes shown in FIGS. 11, 12, and 13. FIG. 11 shows the fracture form of the test piece 19 when the degree of deterioration of the test object is "slight". FIG. 12 shows the fracture form of the test piece 19 when the degree of deterioration of the test object is "medium". FIG. 13 shows the fracture form of the test piece 19 when the degree of deterioration of the test object is "large". Note that (D) in each figure is a plan view of the test piece 19 shown in (C).

As shown in FIG. 11, when the degree of deterioration is "small", the test piece 19 (see (A)) mainly extends upward when pressed by the pressing part 40, and extends in the lateral direction (back and forth). (see (B)). That is, when the deterioration is small, the test piece 19 undergoes deformation dominated by upward uniaxial elongation. Further, as the pressing by the pressing part 40 progresses, the upper part of the cylindrical part is cut, resulting in a cone-shaped fracture in the circumferential direction, as if a lid had opened (see (C) and (D)).

As shown in FIG. 12, when the test piece 19 (see (A)) is pressed by the pressing part 40 when the degree of deterioration is "medium", the upward elongation is as shown in FIG. It is smaller than , and deforms so as to spread not only upward but also in the lateral direction (front-back and left-right directions) (see (B)). Furthermore, as the pressing by the pressing part 40 progresses, a shallow crack occurs on the surface of the test piece 19, causing a fracture that tears from the apex in the radial direction before shifting to upward uniaxial elongation deformation ((C) See D).

As shown in FIG. 13, when the degree of deterioration is "large", the test piece 19 (see (A)), when pressed by the pressing part 40, elongates upward as shown in FIG. It is smaller than , and deforms so as to spread not only upward but also in the lateral direction (front-back and left-right directions) (see (B)). Further, as the pressing by the pressing part 40 progresses, the test piece 19 breaks from cracks that appear on its surface, causing it to crumble (see (C) and (D)).

In the present embodiment, the test piece 19 broken by the pressure of the pressing part 40 is visually observed, and it is determined which form of breakage of the test piece 19 is shown in FIGS. 11, 12, and 13, Determine the degree of deterioration of the test object.

Here, the test object deteriorates with the passage of time, and as shown in FIG. changes in the order of Note that there is a region where the form of FIG. 11 and the form of FIG. 12 coexist (the area between t1 and t2), and an area where the form of FIG. 12 and the form of FIG. 13 coexist (the area between t3 and t4). exist.

In this embodiment, when the fracture form of the test piece 19 is as shown in FIG. 11, the test object is determined to be sound, and when it is as shown in FIGS. It is determined that the test object needs to be replaced.

Note that in the region between t1 and t2 in FIG. 14, if it is determined to be in the form shown in FIG. 11, it is determined to be healthy, and if it is determined to be in the form shown in FIG. 12, it is determined that replacement is necessary. The region between t1 and t2 in FIG. 14 is a region that serves as a criterion (boundary) for lifespan determination.

In addition, in this embodiment, the test piece 19 was destroyed, but the deformation of the test piece 19 may not be performed until it is destroyed, and the deterioration of the test object may be determined from the deformation form (deformation state) of the test piece 19. .

(Operations and effects according to the first embodiment)
Next, the effects of the first embodiment will be explained.

According to the test apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment, as described above, the pressing part 40 is moved from the retracted position to the pressing position by the operator's manual operation on the operating parts 82 and 83. As a result, the spherical surface 44A of the pressing section 40 presses the test device 10 held by the holding section 15. Then, the degree of deterioration of the test object is determined by the operator observing the fracture form of the test piece 19 broken by the pressure of the spherical surface 44A of the pressing part 40.

In this manner, in the test apparatus 10, the pressing section 40 is moved from the retracted position to the pressing position by the operator's manual operation of the operating sections 82 and 83, so a power source for operating the pressing section 40 is not required. . In addition, since the degree of deterioration of the test piece 19 is determined by the operator observing the fracture form of the test piece 19 broken by the pressure of the spherical surface 44A of the press part 40, the displacement of the press part 40 and the test piece 19 There is no need for a measuring device to measure accurately. In this way, by eliminating the need for a power source and a measuring device, the test apparatus 10 can be made smaller.

As described above, according to the configuration of the present embodiment, the test apparatus 10 can be downsized and a power source is not required, so that the test can be performed at the site where the test piece 19 is collected.

Further, according to the test apparatus 10, the second arm 20 can be moved by manually operating the operating parts 82 and 83 in the direction in which the right parts 26 and 36 of the first arm 30 and the second arm 20 approach each other. The pressing part 40 is moved from the retracted position to the pressing position via the fixed part 22B. As described above, according to the test apparatus 10, by operating the operation parts 82 and 83 provided on the right parts 26 and 36 of the first arm 30 and the second arm 20, the left part 32 of the second arm 20 Since the pressing part 40 is moved via the fixed part 22B located at the position, the pressing part 40 can be operated using a lever.

Further, according to the test device 10, the distance A from the rotation center S1 of the first arm 30 to the operation parts 82, 83 is longer than the distance B from the rotation center S1 to the holding part 15, The distance C from the rotation center S1 to the operating parts 82, 83 is longer than the distance D from the rotation center S1 to the fixed part 22B. Therefore, compared to a configuration in which the distances A and B are equal and the distances C and D are equal, the pressing force (load) applied to the test piece 19 in response to inputs to the operating sections 82 and 83 can be increased. Therefore, the load required for the test can be obtained with a light operating force.

Further, according to the test device 10, the intermediate portions 24 and 34 of the first arm 30 and the second arm 20 are connected to each other via the rotary damper 18. Therefore, compared to a configuration in which the intermediate portions 24 and 34 of the first arm 30 and the second arm 20 are directly connected without using the rotary damper 18, the test piece 19 can be pressed more gently. As a result, the test object tends to break down in a manner that corresponds to its deterioration. That is, for example, even though the deterioration of the test object has not progressed, it is possible to suppress the failure mode shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 due to the impact of the pressing part 40 on the test piece 19.

Further, according to the test apparatus 10, the presser plate 60 is supported by the first arm 30 so as to be rotatable between the holding position shown in FIG. 3 and the release position shown by the solid line in FIG. Therefore, by rotating the holding plate 60 between the holding position and the release position, the test piece 19 can be held and the holding can be released.

Furthermore, according to the test apparatus 10, the locking mechanism 70 locks the presser plate 60 at the holding position, so that the presser plate 60 located at the holding position can be prevented from moving to the release position.

Furthermore, according to the test device 10, the compression spring 17 biases the presser plate 60 from the holding position toward the release position, so when the locking by the locking mechanism 70 is released, the presser plate 60 moves to the holding position. Easy to move from to release position.

Further, according to the test apparatus 10, the holder 50 is removably provided on the left portion 32 of the first arm 30, so the holder 50 can be replaced.

Further, according to the test apparatus 10, as shown in FIG. 6, by using holders 50 whose flange portions 54 have different thicknesses, the vertical dimension of the gap 59 can be changed. Therefore, the dimensions of the gap 59 can be changed depending on the thickness of the test piece 19.

Further, according to the test apparatus 10, the presser plate 60 can be moved integrally with the fixing part 22B between the retracted position and the pressing position by manually operating the operating parts 82 and 83 by the operator. There is. Therefore, the pressing section 40 can be moved from the retracted position to the pressed position and returned from the pressed position to the retracted position by manual operation by the operator.

《Second embodiment》
Next, a test apparatus 200 according to a second embodiment will be described. FIG. 15 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of a test device according to the second embodiment. FIG. 16 is a side view showing a part of the configuration in cross section of the test apparatus of FIG. 15. Note that parts configured the same as those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

In the test apparatus 10 of the first embodiment, the pressing part 40 was provided on the second arm 20, but in the testing apparatus 200 of the second embodiment, the pressing part 40 was arranged with respect to the first arm 30. , and are separated from the second arm 20.

The pressing plate 60 provided on the first arm 30 is provided with a bearing 210 that supports the pressing portion 40 so as to be movable in the vertical direction. Specifically, the bearing 210 is attached to the holding plate 60 by screwing or the like, and is provided to be detachable from the holding plate 60, for example. Note that the bearing 210 is an example of a bearing in the claims. Further, the upward direction is an example of a pressing direction in the claims.

Specifically, the bearing 210 supports the rod 42 of the pressing portion 40 so as to be movable between a retracted position shown in FIG. 15 and a pressed position shown by a solid line in FIG. Note that the position of the pressing portion 40 indicated by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 16 is the retracted position. Further, in FIG. 16, the second arm 20 indicated by a two-dot chain line indicates the second arm 20 that has started contacting the pressing portion 40 located at the retracted position.

The pressing portion 40 is located at the retracted position due to its own weight. Moreover, the spherical body 44 of the pressing part 40 comes into contact with the bearing 210, so that the pressing part 40 is prevented from falling off from the bearing 210. Note that the pressing section 40 may be configured to be biased toward the retracted position by a biasing section such as a compression spring. Further, a stopper may be provided as a restricting portion that limits the movement of the pressing portion 40 so that the pressing portion 40 does not fall off the bearing 210.

Furthermore, in the test apparatus 200, the upper surface 22A of the left part 22 of the second arm 20 is provided with a contact part 220 that contacts the lower end surface of the rod 42 of the pressing part 40, instead of the fixed part 22B. This contact portion 220 is an example of a transmission portion in the claims.

The contact portion 220 is formed in a convex shape that projects upward. Specifically, the contact portion 220 is formed in a hemispherical shape. Note that in order to widen the range in which the contact portion 220 can contact the lower end portion of the rod 42, a projecting portion (flange portion) projecting outward in the radial direction may be formed at the lower end portion of the rod 42. good. In this embodiment, the contact portion 220 is formed in a hemispherical shape, but the shape is not limited to this. The shape of the contact portion 220 may be, for example, a flat shape or a shape other than a hemispherical shape.

In the test apparatus 200, the operating units 82 and 83 move the pressing unit 40 from the retracted position indicated by the two-dot chain line to the pressed position indicated by the solid line, as shown in FIG. 16, by manual operation by the operator. move it. Specifically, when the operator manually operates the operation parts 82 and 83 in the direction in which the right parts 26 and 36 approach each other (X1 direction in the figure), the contact part 220 of the second arm 20 is moved. to move the pressing part 40 from the retracted position to the pressing position. More specifically, when the operating parts 82 and 83 are manually operated by the operator, the contact part 220 pushes the pressing part 40 and moves the pressing part 40 from the retracted position to the pressed position.

Therefore, the pressing part 40 can be moved on a trajectory different from the trajectory of the second arm 20. Specifically, in this embodiment, the second arm 20 moves along an arcuate trajectory, whereas the pressing portion 40 moves linearly along the vertical direction. As a result, it is possible to suppress the pressing part 40 from tilting and biasing the test piece 19.

Furthermore, according to the test apparatus 200, the rod 42 of the pressing section 40 is supported by the bearing 210, so that the pressing section 40 can be moved smoothly.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications, changes, and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit thereof. For example, the modified examples shown above may be configured by combining a plurality of them as appropriate.

10 Test device 15 Holding section 17 Compression spring (an example of a biasing section)
18 Rotary damper 19 Test piece 20 Second arm 22 Left part (an example of one end side part)
22B Fixed part (example of transmission part)
24 Middle part 26 Right part (an example of the other end side part)
30 First arm 32 Left part (an example of one end side part)
34 Middle part 36 Right part (an example of the other end side part)
40 Pressing part 42 Rod 44A Spherical surface 50 Holder (an example of the first clamping part)
54 Flange part (example of opposing part)
59 Gap 60 Holding plate (an example of the second clamping part)
70 Locking mechanism 82 Operation section 83 Operation section 200 Test device 210 Bearing 220 Contact section (an example of a transmission section)
S1 Center of rotation

Claims (12)

a holding part that holds a test piece;
a pressing section having a spherical surface and movable between a pressing position where the spherical surface presses a test piece held by the holding section and a retreat position where the spherical surface retreats from the test piece;
an operation section that moves the pressing section from the retracted position to the pressing position by manual operation by an operator;
Test equipment equipped with a first arm provided with the holding portion on one end side relative to the intermediate portion;
a second arm having a transmitting part that transmits a moving force to the pressing part at one end side relative to the intermediate part, and the intermediate part is rotatably connected to the intermediate part of the first arm;
Equipped with
The operation section is
It is provided at the other end side of the first arm with respect to the intermediate portion and the other end side of the second arm with respect to the intermediate portion, and is manually operated by the operator in a direction in which the other end side portions approach each other. The test device according to claim 1, wherein the pressing section is moved from the retracted position to the pressing position via the transmission section of the second arm. In the first arm, the distance from the center of rotation of the intermediate section to the operating section is longer than the distance from the center of rotation to the holding section;
The test device according to claim 2, wherein in the second arm, a distance from the center of rotation of the intermediate section to the operating section is longer than a distance from the center of rotation to the transmission section. The test device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the intermediate portion of the first arm and the intermediate portion of the second arm are connected via a rotary damper. The holding part is
a first clamping portion provided on the one end side portion of the first arm;
Rotating between a holding position where the test piece is held between the first holding part and the peripheral edge of the test piece, and a release position where the test piece is released by moving away from the first holding part. a second clamping part capable of being supported by the first arm;
The test device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, comprising: The holding part is
The test device according to claim 5, further comprising a locking mechanism that locks the second holding portion at the holding position. The holding part is
The test device according to claim 6, further comprising a biasing portion that biases the second holding portion from the holding position toward the release position. The test device according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the first holding part is removably provided on the one end side portion of the first arm. The first holding part is
an opposing part that faces the second holding part and forms a gap between which the test piece is sandwiched between the second holding part;
The test device according to claim 8, wherein the dimension of the gap along the opposing direction can be changed by using the first holding portions having different dimensions along the opposing direction of the opposing portion. The pressing part is
attached to the transmission section of the second arm;
According to any one of claims 2 to 9, the operation unit can be moved between the retracted position and the pressing position together with the transmission unit by manually operating the operation unit by the operator. Test equipment as described. The pressing part is
disposed on the first arm;
The operation section is
By being manually operated by the operator in a direction in which the other end side portions approach each other, the transmission section of the second arm pushes the pressing section and moves the pressing section from the retracted position to the pressing position. The test device according to any one of claims 2 to 9. The pressing part has a rod extending to the holding part,
The test device according to claim 11, wherein the holding portion is provided with a bearing that supports the rod so as to be movable in the pressing direction.