Deprecated: The each() function is deprecated. This message will be suppressed on further calls in /home/zhenxiangba/zhenxiangba.com/public_html/phproxy-improved-master/index.php on line 456
JP7396866B2 - protection circuit - Google Patents
[go: Go Back, main page]

JP7396866B2 - protection circuit - Google Patents

protection circuit Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP7396866B2
JP7396866B2 JP2019205362A JP2019205362A JP7396866B2 JP 7396866 B2 JP7396866 B2 JP 7396866B2 JP 2019205362 A JP2019205362 A JP 2019205362A JP 2019205362 A JP2019205362 A JP 2019205362A JP 7396866 B2 JP7396866 B2 JP 7396866B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
protection
heating element
battery
protection circuit
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
JP2019205362A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2021077589A (en
Inventor
潤平 氷見山
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dexerials Corp
Original Assignee
Dexerials Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dexerials Corp filed Critical Dexerials Corp
Priority to JP2019205362A priority Critical patent/JP7396866B2/en
Priority to PCT/JP2020/041284 priority patent/WO2021095617A1/en
Priority to KR1020227012375A priority patent/KR102768433B1/en
Priority to CN202080075671.8A priority patent/CN114631240B/en
Priority to TW109139712A priority patent/TWI864158B/en
Publication of JP2021077589A publication Critical patent/JP2021077589A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP7396866B2 publication Critical patent/JP7396866B2/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Description

本発明は、保護回路に関する。 The present invention relates to a protection circuit.

従来、バッテリと外部回路との通電経路上には、過電流が発生したときなどの異常時に通電経路を遮断するための保護回路が備えられている。保護素子としては、通電経路上に直列に接続されたヒューズエレメントと、通電により発熱することによって前記ヒューズエレメントを加熱して溶断させる発熱体とを有するヒーター付きヒューズ（以下、ＳＣＰともいう）が知られている（特許文献１）。 BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, a protection circuit is provided on a current-carrying path between a battery and an external circuit to cut off the current-carrying path in the event of an abnormality such as when an overcurrent occurs. As a protective element, a heater-equipped fuse (hereinafter also referred to as SCP) is known, which has a fuse element connected in series on a current-carrying path and a heating element that heats and blows the fuse element by generating heat when energized. (Patent Document 1).

ＳＣＰは、通電経路に定格を超える過電流が発生したときは、ヒューズエレメント自体が発熱して溶断することによって通電経路を遮断する。また、過電流以外の異常時には、通電により発熱体を発熱させて、ヒューズエレメントを加熱して溶断させることによって通電経路を遮断する。 In the SCP, when an overcurrent exceeding the rating occurs in the current-carrying path, the fuse element itself generates heat and melts, thereby cutting off the current-carrying path. Further, in the event of an abnormality other than overcurrent, the heating element is made to generate heat by energization, and the fuse element is heated and blown out, thereby interrupting the energization path.

特許第２７９０４３３号公報Patent No. 2790433

ＳＣＰの発熱体に通電させる電流は、バッテリから供給される。このため、ＳＣＰの発熱体は、バッテリの動作電圧範囲でヒューズエレメントを溶断可能な温度に加熱できるように電気抵抗値が設定されている。しかしながら、バッテリの用途によっては、充電時の最大電圧と放電時の最小電圧とでは電圧が大きく異なることがある。特に、複数個の単電池を組み合わせた組電池からなるバッテリでは、充電時の最大電圧と放電時の最小電圧との差が大きくなる。このため、発熱体の電気抵抗値を充電時の最大電圧に合わせて設定すると、放電時に異常が発生したときに、発熱体に流れる電流が小さくなり、ヒューズエレメントを溶断可能な温度にまで発熱体が発熱しないことがある。一方、発熱体の電気抵抗値を放電時の最小電圧に合わせて設定すると、充電時に異常が発生したときに、発熱体に過剰の電流が流れて温度が急激に高温になり、発熱体自体が溶断してしまうことがある。
また、近年、単電池の電極材料の変化によって、同じ単電池の数においても作動電圧が異なる場合があり、ＳＣＰの動作電圧範囲を外れて正常に動作しないおそれがある。 The current that powers the heating element of the SCP is supplied from the battery. For this reason, the electric resistance value of the heating element of the SCP is set so that it can be heated to a temperature at which the fuse element can be blown within the operating voltage range of the battery. However, depending on the application of the battery, the maximum voltage during charging and the minimum voltage during discharging may be significantly different. In particular, in a battery composed of a battery pack made up of a plurality of single cells, the difference between the maximum voltage during charging and the minimum voltage during discharging becomes large. Therefore, if the electrical resistance value of the heating element is set to match the maximum voltage during charging, when an abnormality occurs during discharging, the current flowing through the heating element will be reduced, and the heating element will reach a temperature that can blow the fuse element. may not generate a fever. On the other hand, if the electrical resistance value of the heating element is set to match the minimum voltage during discharging, if an abnormality occurs during charging, excessive current will flow through the heating element, causing the temperature to rise rapidly, causing the heating element itself to It may melt.
Furthermore, in recent years, due to changes in the electrode materials of single cells, the operating voltage may differ even for the same number of single cells, and there is a risk that the SCP may fall out of the operating voltage range and not operate normally.

本発明は、上記の事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、バッテリと外部回路との通電経路上に異常が発生したときに、通電経路を遮断できる電圧範囲が広い保護回路を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a protection circuit with a wide voltage range that can cut off the current-carrying path when an abnormality occurs on the current-carrying path between the battery and an external circuit. It's about doing.

本発明は、上記課題を解決するため、以下の手段を提供する。 The present invention provides the following means to solve the above problems.

（１）本発明の一態様に係る保護回路は、バッテリと外部回路との通電経路上に、直列に接続された複数の保護素子を備え、前記複数の前記保護素子はそれぞれ、前記通電経路上に直列に接続されたヒューズエレメントと、通電により発熱することによって前記ヒューズエレメントを加熱して溶断させる発熱体とを有し、前記複数の前記保護素子はそれぞれ、発熱体の電気抵抗値が異なる。 (1) A protection circuit according to one aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of protection elements connected in series on a current-carrying path between a battery and an external circuit, and each of the plurality of protection elements is provided on a current-carrying path between a battery and an external circuit. The fuse element has a fuse element connected in series with the fuse element, and a heating element that heats and blows the fuse element by generating heat when energized, and each of the plurality of protective elements has a different electric resistance value of the heating element.

（２）上記（１）に記載の態様において、前記複数の前記保護素子のうちの前記発熱体の電気抵抗値が最も低い保護素子が、前記バッテリ側に配置されている構成としてもよい。 (2) In the aspect described in (1) above, the protection element having the lowest electric resistance value of the heating element among the plurality of protection elements may be arranged on the battery side.

（３）上記（１）または（２）に記載の態様において、前記複数の前記保護素子の前記発熱体はそれぞれ、電気抵抗値が１Ω以上異なる構成としてもよい。 (3) In the aspect described in (1) or (2) above, the heating elements of the plurality of protection elements may each have a different electrical resistance value by 1Ω or more.

本発明によれば、バッテリと外部回路との通電経路上に異常が発生したときに、通電経路を遮断できる電圧範囲が広い保護回路を提供することが可能となる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a protection circuit with a wide voltage range that can cut off the current-carrying path when an abnormality occurs on the current-carrying path between the battery and the external circuit.

図１は、本発明の第１実施形態に係る保護回路の構成の一例を概略的に示す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the configuration of a protection circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 図２は、本発明の第２実施形態に係る保護回路の構成の一例を概略的に示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the configuration of a protection circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 図３は、本発明の第３実施形態に係る保護回路の構成の一例を概略的に示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the configuration of a protection circuit according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

以下、本発明の実施形態について、図面を参照して詳細に説明する。以下の説明で用いる図面は、特徴をわかりやすくするために便宜上特徴となる部分を拡大して示している場合があり、各構成要素の寸法比率などは実際とは異なっていることがある。以下の説明において例示される材料、寸法等は一例であって、本発明はそれらに限定されるものではなく、本発明の効果を奏する範囲で適宜変更して実施することが可能である。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings used in the following explanation, characteristic parts may be shown enlarged for convenience in order to make the characteristics easier to understand, and the dimensional ratio of each component may be different from the actual one. The materials, dimensions, etc. exemplified in the following description are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and can be implemented with appropriate changes within the scope of achieving the effects of the present invention.

［第１実施形態］
図１は、本発明の第１実施形態に係る保護回路の構成の一例を概略的に示す図である。
図１において、保護回路１は、バッテリ１０と外部回路との通電経路上に、直列に接続された第１保護素子２０ａと第２保護素子２０ｂを備える。第１保護素子２０ａはバッテリ１０側に、第２保護素子２０ｂは外部機器（不図示）側に配置されている。 [First embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the configuration of a protection circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, a protection circuit 1 includes a first protection element 20a and a second protection element 20b connected in series on a current-carrying path between a battery 10 and an external circuit. The first protection element 20a is arranged on the battery 10 side, and the second protection element 20b is arranged on the external device (not shown) side.

バッテリ１０は、複数個の単電池１１を組み合わせた組電池とされている。単電池１１は二次電池であり、例えば、リチウムイオン二次電池である。図１では、バッテリ１０は、４つの単電池１１が直列に接続されているが、単電池１１の個数は特に制限はなく、単電池１１は並列に接続されていてもよい。また、バッテリ１０は一つの単電池１１であってもよい。 The battery 10 is a battery pack made by combining a plurality of single cells 11. The cell 11 is a secondary battery, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery. In FIG. 1, the battery 10 includes four cells 11 connected in series, but the number of cells 11 is not particularly limited, and the cells 11 may be connected in parallel. Further, the battery 10 may be one single cell 11.

第１保護素子２０ａは、バッテリ１０の正極に直列に接続された第１ヒューズエレメント２１ａと、第１発熱体２２ａとを有するＳＣＰである。第１発熱体２２ａは、一方の端部が、第１ヒューズエレメント２１ａに接続され、他方の端部が第１整流素子３０ａを介してスイッチング素子４０に接続されている。スイッチング素子４０は、バッテリ１０の負極とプロテクションＩＣ５０に接続されている。 The first protection element 20a is an SCP having a first fuse element 21a connected in series to the positive electrode of the battery 10 and a first heating element 22a. The first heating element 22a has one end connected to the first fuse element 21a, and the other end connected to the switching element 40 via the first rectifying element 30a. The switching element 40 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery 10 and the protection IC 50.

第２保護素子２０ｂは、バッテリ１０の正極に直列に接続された第２ヒューズエレメント２１ｂと、第２発熱体２２ｂとを有するＳＣＰである。第２発熱体２２ｂは、一方の端部が、第２ヒューズエレメント２１ｂに接続され、他方の端部が第２整流素子３０ｂを介してスイッチング素子４０に接続されている。 The second protection element 20b is an SCP having a second fuse element 21b connected in series to the positive electrode of the battery 10 and a second heating element 22b. The second heating element 22b has one end connected to the second fuse element 21b, and the other end connected to the switching element 40 via the second rectifying element 30b.

第１ヒューズエレメント２１ａ及び第２ヒューズエレメント２１ｂは、通電経路に定格を超える過電流が発生したときは、それ自体が発熱して溶断することによって通電経路を遮断できる程度の電気抵抗値を有する。第１ヒューズエレメント２１ａ及び第２ヒューズエレメント２１ｂが溶断するときの電流値は同じであることが好ましい。第１ヒューズエレメント２１ａ及び第２ヒューズエレメント２１ｂの構成や材料は特に制限はなく、例えば、金属単体であってもよいし、外側を相対的に融点が高い高融点金属層とし、内側を相対的に融点が低い低融点金属層とした積層体であってもよい。金属単体の場合、その材料としてはＩｎ、Ｐｂ、Ａｇ、Ｃｕ又はこれらのうちのいずれかを主成分とする合金を用いることができる。積層体の場合、低融点金属層の材料は、錫もしくは錫を主成分とする錫合金であることが好ましい。錫合金の錫の含有量は４０質量％以上であることが好ましく、６０質量％以上であることがより好ましい。錫合金の例としては、Ｓｎ－Ｂｉ合金、Ｉｎ－Ｓｎ合金、Ｓｎ－Ａｇ－Ｃｕ合金を挙げることができる。高融点金属層は、低融点金属層の溶融物によって溶解される金属材料からなることが好ましい。低融点金属層の材料が錫もしくは錫合金である場合、高融点金属層の材料は、銀もしくは銀を主成分とする合金であることが好ましい。銀合金の銀の含有量は４０質量％以上であることが好ましく、６０質量％以上であることがより好ましい。銀合金の例としては、Ａｇ－Ｐｄ合金を挙げることができる。 The first fuse element 21a and the second fuse element 21b have an electrical resistance value that is sufficient to cut off the current flow path by generating heat and melting itself when an overcurrent exceeding the rating occurs in the current flow path. It is preferable that the current values at which the first fuse element 21a and the second fuse element 21b blow are the same. The structure and material of the first fuse element 21a and the second fuse element 21b are not particularly limited. For example, they may be made of a single metal, or the outer layer may be a high melting point metal layer with a relatively high melting point, and the inner layer may be a relatively high melting point metal layer. A laminate including a low melting point metal layer having a low melting point may also be used. In the case of a single metal, In, Pb, Ag, Cu, or an alloy containing any of these as a main component can be used as the material. In the case of a laminate, the material of the low melting point metal layer is preferably tin or a tin alloy containing tin as a main component. The tin content of the tin alloy is preferably 40% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more. Examples of tin alloys include Sn-Bi alloy, In-Sn alloy, and Sn-Ag-Cu alloy. Preferably, the high melting point metal layer consists of a metal material that is melted by the melt of the low melting point metal layer. When the material of the low melting point metal layer is tin or a tin alloy, the material of the high melting point metal layer is preferably silver or an alloy containing silver as a main component. The silver content of the silver alloy is preferably 40% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more. Examples of silver alloys include Ag--Pd alloys.

第１発熱体２２ａ及び第２発熱体２２ｂはそれぞれ、通電により発熱することによって第１ヒューズエレメント２１ａ又は第２ヒューズエレメント２１ｂを加熱して溶断させることができる程度の電気抵抗値を有する。第１発熱体２２ａ及び第２発熱体２２ｂはそれぞれ電気抵抗値が異なっている。すなわち、第１発熱体２２ａ及び第２発熱体２２ｂはそれぞれ、ヒューズエレメントを溶断させることができる温度にまで加熱するために必要な電力が異なる。第１発熱体２２ａと第２発熱体２２ｂはそれぞれ電気抵抗値が１Ω以上異なることが好ましい。 The first heating element 22a and the second heating element 22b each have an electrical resistance value that is sufficient to heat and blow out the first fuse element 21a or the second fuse element 21b by generating heat when energized. The first heating element 22a and the second heating element 22b have different electrical resistance values. That is, the first heating element 22a and the second heating element 22b each require different electric power to heat up to a temperature that can melt the fuse element. It is preferable that the first heating element 22a and the second heating element 22b each have a difference in electrical resistance value of 1Ω or more.

本実施形態の保護回路１では、バッテリ１０側に配置されている第１保護素子２０ａの第１発熱体２２ａは、第２保護素子２０ｂの第２発熱体２２ｂよりも電気抵抗値が低くなっている。すなわち、第１発熱体２２ａの方が、小さい電力でヒューズエレメントを溶断させることができる温度にまで加熱することができるようにされている。 In the protection circuit 1 of this embodiment, the first heating element 22a of the first protection element 20a disposed on the battery 10 side has a lower electrical resistance value than the second heating element 22b of the second protection element 20b. There is. In other words, the first heating element 22a can be heated to a temperature at which the fuse element can be blown out with less electric power.

第１発熱体２２ａ及び第２発熱体２２ｂは通電により発熱するようにされていれば、構成や材料は特に制限はない。第１発熱体２２ａ及び第２発熱体２２ｂを構成する材料としては、酸化ルテニウムやカーボンブラックを用いることができる。第１発熱体２２ａ及び第２発熱体２２ｂの電気抵抗値は、第１発熱体２２ａ及び第２発熱体２２ｂの幅や厚さなどのサイズや材料の組成によって調整することができる。 The structure and material of the first heating element 22a and the second heating element 22b are not particularly limited as long as they generate heat when energized. Ruthenium oxide or carbon black can be used as the material constituting the first heating element 22a and the second heating element 22b. The electrical resistance values of the first heating element 22a and the second heating element 22b can be adjusted by adjusting the size and material composition of the first heating element 22a and the second heating element 22b, such as their width and thickness.

第１整流素子３０ａは、第２保護素子２０ｂを流れる電流が第２発熱体２２ｂを介して、第１保護素子２０ａに流れ込むことを抑制する。第２整流素子３０ｂは、第１保護素子２０ａを流れる電流が第１発熱体２２ａを介して、第２保護素子２０ｂに流れ込むことを抑制する。 The first rectifying element 30a suppresses the current flowing through the second protection element 20b from flowing into the first protection element 20a via the second heating element 22b. The second rectifying element 30b suppresses the current flowing through the first protection element 20a from flowing into the second protection element 20b via the first heating element 22a.

プロテクションＩＣ５０は、例えば、通電経路の電圧が高電圧になるなどの過電流以外の異常を検出し、異常が検出された場合は、スイッチング素子４０を作動させる。スイッチング素子４０を作動させることによって、第１整流素子３０ａを介して第１発熱体２２ａと、第２整流素子３０ｂを介して第２発熱体２２ｂに電流が流れる。 The protection IC 50 detects an abnormality other than overcurrent, such as a high voltage in the current-carrying path, and activates the switching element 40 when an abnormality is detected. By activating the switching element 40, current flows to the first heating element 22a via the first rectifying element 30a and to the second heating element 22b via the second rectifying element 30b.

本実施形態の保護回路１では、通電経路に定格を超える過電流が発生したときは、第１ヒューズエレメント２１ａ又は第２ヒューズエレメント２１ｂが発熱して溶断することによって通電経路を遮断する。溶断するヒューズエレメントは、第１ヒューズエレメント２１ａであってもよいし、第２ヒューズエレメント２１ｂであってもよい。 In the protection circuit 1 of this embodiment, when an overcurrent exceeding the rating occurs in the current-carrying path, the first fuse element 21a or the second fuse element 21b generates heat and blows out, thereby cutting off the current-carrying path. The fuse element to be blown may be the first fuse element 21a or the second fuse element 21b.

また、通電経路に過電流以外の異常が発生したときは、プロテクションＩＣ５０がスイッチング素子４０を作動させて、第１整流素子３０ａを介して第１発熱体２２ａに、第２整流素子３０ｂを介して第２発熱体２２ｂに、バッテリ１０から電流を流す。この通電により、第１発熱体２２ａと第２発熱体２２ｂの両方が発熱して、第１ヒューズエレメント２１ａもしくは第２ヒューズエレメント２１ｂの一方を溶断させることによって通電経路を遮断する。 Furthermore, when an abnormality other than an overcurrent occurs in the energization path, the protection IC 50 operates the switching element 40 to connect the first heating element 22a via the first rectifier 30a and the second rectifier 30b. Current is applied from the battery 10 to the second heating element 22b. Due to this energization, both the first heating element 22a and the second heating element 22b generate heat, and the energization path is cut off by blowing out one of the first fuse element 21a and the second fuse element 21b.

バッテリ１０の作動電圧が高い状態（例えば、リチウムイオン二次電池が４つ直列に接続された場合で１３Ｖ以上１８．５Ｖ以下）で異常が発生したとき、第１発熱体２２ａ及び第２発熱体２２ｂに流れる電流は大きくなる。この場合、電気抵抗値が低い第１発熱体２２ａは、温度が急激に高温になることによって溶断しても、電気抵抗値が高い第２発熱体２２ｂが発熱して、第２ヒューズエレメント２１ｂを加熱して溶断させることによって通電経路を遮断する。一方、バッテリ１０の作動電圧が低い状態（例えば、リチウムイオン二次電池が４つ直列に接続された場合で９Ｖ以上１３Ｖ未満）で異常が発生したとき、第１発熱体２２ａ及び第２発熱体２２ｂに流れる電流は小さくなる。この場合、電気抵抗値が高い第２発熱体２２ｂは第２ヒューズエレメント２１ｂを溶断可能な温度まで発熱しなくても、電気抵抗値が低い第１発熱体２２ａが発熱して、第１ヒューズエレメント２１ａを加熱して溶断させることによって通電経路を遮断する。 When an abnormality occurs when the operating voltage of the battery 10 is high (for example, 13 V or more and 18.5 V or less when four lithium ion secondary batteries are connected in series), the first heating element 22a and the second heating element The current flowing through 22b increases. In this case, even if the first heating element 22a, which has a low electrical resistance value, melts due to a sudden rise in temperature, the second heating element 22b, which has a high electrical resistance value, generates heat, and the second fuse element 21b is heated. The current path is cut off by heating and fusing it. On the other hand, when an abnormality occurs in a state where the operating voltage of the battery 10 is low (for example, 9V or more and less than 13V when four lithium ion secondary batteries are connected in series), the first heating element 22a and the second heating element The current flowing through 22b becomes smaller. In this case, even if the second heating element 22b with a high electrical resistance value does not generate heat to a temperature that can blow the second fuse element 21b, the first heating element 22a with a low electrical resistance value generates heat and the first fuse element The energizing path is cut off by heating and fusing 21a.

以上のような構成とされた本実施形態の保護回路１は、第１保護素子２０ａの第１発熱体２２ａと第２保護素子２０ｂの第２発熱体２２ｂの電気抵抗値が異なるので、通電経路を遮断できる電圧範囲が広くなる。また、本実施形態の保護回路１では、電気抵抗値が低い第１発熱体２２ａを有する第１発熱体２２ａがバッテリ１０側に配置されている。これにより、バッテリ１０の作動電圧が低い状態で異常が発生したときは、第１ヒューズエレメント２１ａが溶断して通電経路を遮断するので、第２保護素子２０ｂに電流が流れない。一方、バッテリ１０の作動電圧が高い状態で異常が発生したときは、第２ヒューズエレメント２１ｂが溶断して通電経路を遮断すると共に、第１発熱体２２ａが溶断するので、第１保護素子２０ａに電流が流れない。さらに、本実施形態の保護回路１では、第１発熱体２２ａと第２発熱体２２ｂとの電気抵抗値が１Ω以上異なるので、通電経路を遮断できる電圧範囲を確実に広くできる。 In the protection circuit 1 of the present embodiment configured as described above, the electrical resistance values of the first heating element 22a of the first protection element 20a and the second heating element 22b of the second protection element 20b are different, so that the energization path is The voltage range that can be cut off becomes wider. Furthermore, in the protection circuit 1 of this embodiment, the first heating element 22a having a low electrical resistance value is arranged on the battery 10 side. As a result, when an abnormality occurs while the operating voltage of the battery 10 is low, the first fuse element 21a melts and cuts off the current-carrying path, so no current flows to the second protection element 20b. On the other hand, when an abnormality occurs while the operating voltage of the battery 10 is high, the second fuse element 21b melts and cuts off the current flow path, and the first heating element 22a melts, so that the first protective element 20a No current flows. Furthermore, in the protection circuit 1 of this embodiment, since the electrical resistance values of the first heating element 22a and the second heating element 22b differ by 1Ω or more, the voltage range in which the energization path can be interrupted can be reliably widened.

［第２実施形態］
図２は、本発明の第２実施形態に係る保護回路の構成の一例を概略的に示す図である。
第２実施形態に係る保護回路２は、２つの発熱体のそれぞれが、整流素子と接続する代わりにスイッチング素子と接続している点において第１実施形態と相違する。すなわち、第１発熱体２２ａは、第１スイッチング素子４０ａに接続されていて、第２発熱体２２ｂは、第２スイッチング素子４０ｂに接続されている。第１スイッチング素子４０ａ及び第２スイッチング素子４０ｂはそれぞれプロテクションＩＣ５０に接続されている。プロテクションＩＣ５０は、バッテリ１０の作動電圧によって、作動させるスイッチング素子を切り替えるようにされている。なお、第２実施形態に係る保護回路２と第１実施形態に係る保護回路１とで共通する部分は、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。 [Second embodiment]
FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the configuration of a protection circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
The protection circuit 2 according to the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that each of the two heating elements is connected to a switching element instead of being connected to a rectifying element. That is, the first heating element 22a is connected to the first switching element 40a, and the second heating element 22b is connected to the second switching element 40b. The first switching element 40a and the second switching element 40b are each connected to the protection IC 50. The protection IC 50 is configured to switch switching elements to be activated depending on the operating voltage of the battery 10. Note that the parts that are common between the protection circuit 2 according to the second embodiment and the protection circuit 1 according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and a description thereof will be omitted.

本実施形態の保護回路２では、バッテリ１０の作動電圧が低い状態で異常が発生したときは、プロテクションＩＣ５０が第１スイッチング素子４０ａを作動させることにより、第１発熱体２２ａを加熱して第１ヒューズエレメント２１ａを溶断させて通電経路を遮断する。一方、バッテリ１０の作動電圧が高い状態で異常が発生したときは、プロテクションＩＣ５０が第２スイッチング素子４０ｂを作動させて、第２発熱体２２ｂを加熱して第２ヒューズエレメント２１ｂを溶断させて通電経路を遮断する。 In the protection circuit 2 of this embodiment, when an abnormality occurs while the operating voltage of the battery 10 is low, the protection IC 50 activates the first switching element 40a to heat the first heating element 22a and heat the first heating element 22a. The fuse element 21a is blown to cut off the current flow path. On the other hand, when an abnormality occurs while the operating voltage of the battery 10 is high, the protection IC 50 operates the second switching element 40b, heats the second heating element 22b, melts the second fuse element 21b, and energizes the battery. Block the route.

以上のような構成とされた本実施形態の保護回路２は、プロテクションＩＣ５０にて通電経路を遮断するのに必要な発熱体を選択して、第１発熱体２２ａ及び第２発熱体２２ｂの一方にのみ電流を流すので、保護回路２にて発生する熱量を低減することができる。また、整流素子を用いないので、構成部分を少なくすることができる。 The protection circuit 2 of the present embodiment configured as described above selects a heating element necessary for interrupting the energization path using the protection IC 50, and switches one of the first heating element 22a and the second heating element 22b. Since current is passed only through the protective circuit 2, the amount of heat generated in the protection circuit 2 can be reduced. Furthermore, since no rectifying element is used, the number of components can be reduced.

［第３実施形態］
図３は、本発明の第３実施形態に係る保護回路の構成の一例を概略的に示す図である。
第３実施形態に係る保護回路３は、２つの発熱体のそれぞれが、整流素子と接続する代わりにスイッチング素子と接続している点と、スイッチング素子のそれぞれがプロテクションＩＣと接続している点において第１実施形態と相違する。すなわち、第１発熱体２２ａは、第１スイッチング素子４０ａに接続されていて、第１スイッチング素子４０ａは、第１プロテクションＩＣ５０ａに接続されている。一方、第２発熱体２２ｂは、第２スイッチング素子４０ｂに接続されていて、第２スイッチング素子４０ｂは、第２プロテクションＩＣ５０ｂに接続されている。第１プロテクションＩＣ５０ａと第２プロテクションＩＣ５０ｂは、異常を検出する電圧範囲が相違する。なお、第３実施形態に係る保護回路３と第１実施形態に係る保護回路１とで共通する部分は、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。 [Third embodiment]
FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the configuration of a protection circuit according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
The protection circuit 3 according to the third embodiment has two points in that each of the two heating elements is connected to a switching element instead of being connected to a rectifying element, and that each of the switching elements is connected to a protection IC. This is different from the first embodiment. That is, the first heating element 22a is connected to the first switching element 40a, and the first switching element 40a is connected to the first protection IC 50a. On the other hand, the second heating element 22b is connected to the second switching element 40b, and the second switching element 40b is connected to the second protection IC 50b. The first protection IC 50a and the second protection IC 50b have different voltage ranges for detecting an abnormality. Note that the parts that are common between the protection circuit 3 according to the third embodiment and the protection circuit 1 according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

本実施形態の保護回路３では、バッテリ１０の作動電圧が低い状態で異常が発生したときは、第１プロテクションＩＣ５０ａがその異常を検出して、第１スイッチング素子４０ａを作動させることにより、第１発熱体２２ａを加熱して第１ヒューズエレメント２１ａを溶断させて通電経路を遮断する。一方、バッテリ１０の作動電圧が高い状態で異常が発生したときは、第２プロテクションＩＣ５０ｂがその異常を検出して、第２スイッチング素子４０ｂを作動させることにより、第２発熱体２２ｂを加熱して第２ヒューズエレメント２１ｂを溶断させて通電経路を遮断する。 In the protection circuit 3 of this embodiment, when an abnormality occurs while the operating voltage of the battery 10 is low, the first protection IC 50a detects the abnormality and activates the first switching element 40a. The heating element 22a is heated to melt the first fuse element 21a and cut off the current flow path. On the other hand, when an abnormality occurs while the operating voltage of the battery 10 is high, the second protection IC 50b detects the abnormality and activates the second switching element 40b to heat the second heating element 22b. The second fuse element 21b is blown to cut off the current flow path.

以上のような構成とされた本実施形態の保護回路３は、第１発熱体２２ａ及び第２発熱体２２ｂの一方にのみ電流を流すので、保護回路３にて発生する熱量を低減することができる。また、整流素子を用いないので、構成部分を少なくすることができる。さらに、プロテクションＩＣによって作動させるスイッチング素子を切り替える必要がないので、プロテクションＩＣの構造を簡素化できる。 Since the protection circuit 3 of this embodiment configured as described above allows current to flow only through one of the first heating element 22a and the second heating element 22b, it is possible to reduce the amount of heat generated in the protection circuit 3. can. Furthermore, since no rectifying element is used, the number of components can be reduced. Furthermore, since there is no need to switch switching elements operated by the protection IC, the structure of the protection IC can be simplified.

以上、本発明の実施形態について詳述したが、本発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲に記載された本発明の要旨の範囲内において、種々の変形・変更が可能である。
例えば、本実施形態では、第１保護素子２０ａと第２保護素子２０ｂの２つの保護素子を用いているが、保護素子は２つ以上であればその個数に制限はない。３つ以上の保護素子を用いる場合は、発熱体の抵抗値が低い保護素子を、バッテリ１０側から順に配置することが好ましい。 Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications and changes can be made within the scope of the gist of the present invention as described in the claims. It is possible.
For example, in this embodiment, two protection elements, the first protection element 20a and the second protection element 20b, are used, but there is no limit to the number of protection elements as long as there are two or more. When three or more protection elements are used, it is preferable to arrange the protection elements whose heating element has a low resistance value in order from the battery 10 side.

本発明の保護回路は、作動電圧範囲が広いバッテリのバッテリ管理システム（ＢＭＳ：Ｂａｔｔｅｒｙ Ｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）として利用することができる。 The protection circuit of the present invention can be used as a battery management system (BMS) for a battery with a wide operating voltage range.

１、２、３ 保護回路
１０ バッテリ
１１ 単電池
２０ａ 第１保護素子
２０ｂ 第２保護素子
２１ａ 第１ヒューズエレメント
２１ｂ 第２ヒューズエレメント
２２ａ 第１発熱体
２２ｂ 第２発熱体
３０ａ 第１整流素子
３０ｂ 第２整流素子
４０ スイッチング素子
４０ａ 第１スイッチング素子
４０ｂ 第２スイッチング素子
５０ プロテクションＩＣ
５０ａ 第１プロテクションＩＣ
５０ｂ 第２プロテクションＩＣ 1, 2, 3 Protection circuit 10 Battery 11 Cell 20a First protection element 20b Second protection element 21a First fuse element 21b Second fuse element 22a First heating element 22b Second heating element 30a First rectifying element 30b Second Rectifying element 40 Switching element 40a First switching element 40b Second switching element 50 Protection IC
50a 1st protection IC
50b 2nd protection IC

Claims (3)

バッテリと外部回路との通電経路上に、直列に接続された複数の保護素子を備え、
前記複数の前記保護素子はそれぞれ、前記通電経路上に直列に接続されたヒューズエレメントと、通電により発熱することによって前記ヒューズエレメントを加熱して溶断させる発熱体とを有し、
前記複数の前記保護素子はそれぞれ、発熱体の電気抵抗値が異なり、
前記複数の前記保護素子のそれぞれが有する前記発熱体が、前記通電経路に対して並列に接続されている、保護回路。 Equipped with multiple protection elements connected in series on the current-carrying path between the battery and external circuit,
Each of the plurality of protection elements includes a fuse element connected in series on the energization path, and a heating element that heats and blows the fuse element by generating heat when energized,
Each of the plurality of protection elements has a heating element having a different electric resistance value,
A protection circuit , wherein the heating element of each of the plurality of protection elements is connected in parallel to the current supply path . 前記複数の前記保護素子のうちの前記発熱体の電気抵抗値が最も低い保護素子が、前記バッテリ側に配置されている、請求項１に記載の保護回路。 The protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein a protection element having the lowest electric resistance value of the heating element among the plurality of protection elements is arranged on the battery side. 前記複数の前記保護素子の前記発熱体はそれぞれ、電気抵抗値が１Ω以上異なる、請求項１または２に記載の保護回路。 The protection circuit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heating elements of the plurality of protection elements each have electrical resistance values different from each other by 1Ω or more.
JP2019205362A 2019-11-13 2019-11-13 protection circuit Active JP7396866B2 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2019205362A JP7396866B2 (en) 2019-11-13 2019-11-13 protection circuit
PCT/JP2020/041284 WO2021095617A1 (en) 2019-11-13 2020-11-05 Protection circuit
KR1020227012375A KR102768433B1 (en) 2019-11-13 2020-11-05 Protection circuit
CN202080075671.8A CN114631240B (en) 2019-11-13 2020-11-05 Protection circuit
TW109139712A TWI864158B (en) 2019-11-13 2020-11-13 Protective circuit

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2019205362A JP7396866B2 (en) 2019-11-13 2019-11-13 protection circuit

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2021077589A JP2021077589A (en) 2021-05-20
JP7396866B2 true JP7396866B2 (en) 2023-12-12

Family

ID=75898286

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2019205362A Active JP7396866B2 (en) 2019-11-13 2019-11-13 protection circuit

Country Status (5)

Country Link
JP (1) JP7396866B2 (en)
KR (1) KR102768433B1 (en)
CN (1) CN114631240B (en)
TW (1) TWI864158B (en)
WO (1) WO2021095617A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP7570295B2 (en) * 2021-07-16 2024-10-21 ショット日本株式会社 Protection Circuit

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007135359A (en) 2005-11-11 2007-05-31 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Protective element and battery pack equipped therewith
JP2007207940A (en) 2006-01-31 2007-08-16 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Protective element and pack battery equipped with protective element
JP2014120278A (en) 2012-12-14 2014-06-30 Dexerials Corp Protective element
JP2015177190A (en) 2014-03-17 2015-10-05 スマート エレクトロニクス インク Fuse resistor

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3594645B2 (en) * 1994-02-17 2004-12-02 内橋エステック株式会社 Resistance / temperature fuse
JP3825387B2 (en) * 2002-10-09 2006-09-27 ソニーケミカル＆インフォメーションデバイス株式会社 Secondary battery with protection circuit
JP4095426B2 (en) * 2002-12-12 2008-06-04 ソニーケミカル＆インフォメーションデバイス株式会社 Secondary battery device
JP4663760B2 (en) * 2007-08-20 2011-04-06 内橋エステック株式会社 Secondary battery protection circuit
JP5415318B2 (en) * 2010-02-19 2014-02-12 デクセリアルズ株式会社 Protection circuit, battery control device, and battery pack
JP2014044955A (en) * 2013-10-01 2014-03-13 Dexerials Corp Protection element, and battery pack
JP6381980B2 (en) * 2014-06-11 2018-08-29 デクセリアルズ株式会社 Switch element and switch circuit
TWM512203U (en) * 2015-02-16 2015-11-11 陳莎莉 Composite protection component, protection circuit, rechargeable battery pack
KR102442187B1 (en) * 2015-04-10 2022-09-07 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 battery protection circuit
JP6708388B2 (en) * 2015-10-07 2020-06-10 デクセリアルズ株式会社 Wetting sensor, switch element, battery system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007135359A (en) 2005-11-11 2007-05-31 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Protective element and battery pack equipped therewith
JP2007207940A (en) 2006-01-31 2007-08-16 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Protective element and pack battery equipped with protective element
JP2014120278A (en) 2012-12-14 2014-06-30 Dexerials Corp Protective element
JP2015177190A (en) 2014-03-17 2015-10-05 スマート エレクトロニクス インク Fuse resistor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR102768433B1 (en) 2025-02-18
TW202135111A (en) 2021-09-16
CN114631240B (en) 2025-07-04
JP2021077589A (en) 2021-05-20
CN114631240A (en) 2022-06-14
WO2021095617A1 (en) 2021-05-20
TWI864158B (en) 2024-12-01
KR20220062094A (en) 2022-05-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP5656466B2 (en) Protective element and method of manufacturing protective element
JP6324684B2 (en) Protective element
JP6427331B2 (en) Protective element, protective circuit and battery circuit
WO2011102067A1 (en) Protection circuit, battery control device, and battery pack
TWI585801B (en) Protective components and battery pack
US12283723B2 (en) Protecting device and battery pack
JP6329741B2 (en) Protection circuit
JP2015111526A (en) Protection element and fuse element
TW201519728A (en) Protective element
TW201419350A (en) Protective element and battery pack
KR20190062570A (en) Protective element
TWI887295B (en) Protection circuit, battery pack and operation method for protection circuit
JP6659239B2 (en) Protection element, fuse element
JP7396866B2 (en) protection circuit
WO2015107631A1 (en) Protective element
US12614823B2 (en) Protection element and battery pack
TWI887294B (en) Protection circuit, battery pack and operation method for protection circuit
JP2014121119A (en) Protection circuit and method of controlling protection circuit
WO2024018863A1 (en) Protective element

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20220815

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20230815

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20231003

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20231114

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20231130

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Ref document number: 7396866

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150