JP7403157B2 - Lath mortar structure, supporting metal fittings - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a lath mortar structure and a support fitting.

Conventionally, as a technique for constructing the outer walls of buildings such as wooden houses, lath mortar is known, in which lath (metal mesh) is fastened with staples, etc., and mortar is applied using a plastering trowel using the lath as a base. One of the roles of lath mortar is to ensure fire protection performance. However, if distortion occurs in the building frame, the staples that fasten the lath may be damaged, and cracks may occur in the plastering layer made of mortar. If cracks occur and the plaster layer falls off, the fire protection performance will deteriorate. Therefore, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses that by supporting a building frame through spacers made of an elastic body, distortions and deformations are absorbed by the spacers, thereby suppressing the influence of the distortions and deformations from reaching the plastered wall layer. discloses a technique for suppressing the occurrence of cracks in the plastered wall layer.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 8-7441

However, in the configuration disclosed in Patent Document 1, the amount of distortion and deformation absorbed depends on the amount of elastic deformation of the elastic body, and it is considered that it cannot withstand large distortions. Therefore, if the building frame is tilted due to large shaking such as an earthquake, there is a risk that the wall plaster layer will be damaged and fall off as a result.

An object of the present invention is to suppress mortar from falling off. Another purpose is to suppress the spread of fire caused by mortar falling off.

The invention disclosed in this application to solve the above problems has various aspects, and a summary of typical aspects of these aspects is as follows.

(1) It has a mortar layer, a lath attached to a building frame and embedded in the mortar layer, and a support metal fitting that supports the lath and is embedded in the mortar layer, the support metal fitting being embedded in the mortar layer. a plate portion having a swing hole formed therein and swingably attached to the building frame by a fixture inserted through the swing hole; and a support portion protruding from the plate portion and supporting the lath. and a lath mortar structure containing.

(2) The lath mortar structure according to (1), wherein the plate part is planar, and the swing hole and the support part are provided at a predetermined distance in the plate part.

(3) The lath mortar structure according to (2), wherein the predetermined distance is 20 mm to 100 mm.

(4) The lath mortar structure according to (2), wherein the predetermined distance is 20 mm to 65 mm.

(5) The lath mortar structure according to (2), wherein the predetermined distance is 60 mm to 65 mm.

(6) In any one of (2) to (5), the first support metal fitting has a plurality of the support metal fittings and is provided on the vertical end side of the building frame among the plurality of support metal fittings. The lath mortar structure, wherein the predetermined distance is shorter for the second support fitting provided closer to the center in the vertical direction than the first support fitting.

(7) The lath mortar structure according to (6), wherein the predetermined distance in the second support fitting is 20 mm to 65 mm.

(8) The lath mortar structure according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the support portion has a peripheral surface at least on an upper portion when the plate portion is attached to the building frame.

(9) A plate portion having a swing hole formed therein and swingably attached to the building frame by a fixture inserted through the swing hole; and a plate portion protruding from the plate portion and attached to the building frame. A support fitting that has a support part that supports a lath.

(10) The support fitting according to (9), wherein the plate portion is planar, and the swing hole and the support portion are provided at a predetermined distance apart from each other in the plate portion.

(11) The support fitting according to (10), wherein the predetermined distance is 20 mm to 100 mm.

(12) The support fitting according to (10), wherein the predetermined distance is 20 mm to 65 mm.

(13) The support fitting according to (10), wherein the predetermined distance is 60 mm to 65 mm.

According to the above aspects (1) to (13) of the present invention, mortar can be prevented from falling off. Further, it is possible to suppress the spread of fire caused by mortar falling off.

It is an exploded perspective view showing a lath mortar structure concerning this embodiment. This shows how the pillars to which lath mortar structures are attached are tilted due to shaking caused by earthquakes. It is a figure showing the support fitting of this embodiment. The support metal fitting of this embodiment is attached to a pillar and shows a state in which it supports a lath. This shows how the supporting metal fittings swing as the column inclines. It is a figure explaining the displacement amount of a pillar in the horizontal direction when the pillar is tilted. It is a figure explaining the optimal size of the support fitting of this embodiment. It is a figure which shows the arrangement|positioning of the support metal fittings in the modification of this embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the present embodiment) will be described in detail below based on the drawings. Note that in this embodiment, the vertical direction will be referred to as the up-down direction, and the horizontal direction will be referred to as the lateral direction. Further, in each figure, the upward direction is indicated by Z. Further, in each figure, in the lateral direction, when the lath mortar structure 100 is viewed from the side where the mortar layer 40 is provided, the left direction is indicated by L, and the right direction is indicated by R.

First, with reference to FIG. 1, the overall configuration of the lath mortar structure according to this embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing a lath mortar structure 100 according to this embodiment.

In this embodiment, the lath mortar structure 100 constitutes the outer wall of a building such as a wooden house.

As shown in FIG. 1, the lath mortar structure 100 includes a base plate 10, a waterproof paper 20, a lath 30, and a mortar layer 40. In the exploded perspective view of FIG. 1, they are shown separated from each other, but in reality they are laminated together to form the outer wall. Note that the laminated structure shown in FIG. 1 is an example, and other sheet materials, plate members, etc. may be further included. For example, it may have a rim or the like to ensure breathability. Further, the base plate 10 may not be provided. Moreover, although the mortar layer 40 constitutes the exterior surface of the outer wall, the surface thereof may be painted or the like. Further, the lath mortar structure 100 may be provided with window openings, door openings, etc. as appropriate.

The base plate 10 is fixed to pillars 111 and 112 of the building. Note that a wooden building is equipped with pillars, foundations, beams, roof frames, etc. that form the framework of the building, but in FIG. 1, only the columns 111 and 112 are shown as the building framework. Note that the number of columns to which one lath mortar structure 100 is attached is arbitrary.

Waterproof paper 20 is pasted on base plate 10. The waterproof paper 20 prevents moisture contained in the mortar from seeping into the interior of the building.

The lath (also called lath metal) 30 is a mesh-like wire mesh, and is attached to the base plate 10 via the waterproof paper 20. The lath 30 is preferably fixed to the base plate 10 and the pillars 111 and 112 at multiple locations using connectors (not shown in FIG. 1). As the connector, for example, a U-shaped staple may be used.

The mortar layer 40 is made of mortar made by mixing cement and sand with water. Paste-like mortar is applied onto the base plate 10 using a plastering trowel, and the mortar layer 40 is formed by hardening in this state. Although the thickness of the mortar layer 40 is not shown in FIG. 1, the mortar layer 40 is preferably coated to have a thickness of about 15 mm to 20 mm. Note that the type of mortar does not matter, such as on-site mixed mortar, pre-mixed mortar, lightweight mortar, etc.

Further, the lath 30 is attached to the base plate 10 and is embedded in the mortar layer 40. Since the lath 30 is attached to the base plate 10, the adhesion of the mortar layer 40 to the base plate 10 is improved.

The lath 30 is preferably a so-called wave-shaped lath in which peak-like portions and valley-like portions are alternately arranged when viewed from the side. By using such a structure, it is possible to form a thick mortar layer 40 depending on the size of the undulations of the lath 30. Further, the lath 30 may be a so-called knobby lath that has a partially raised part, a so-called stiff lath that is partially reinforced, a so-called rib lath that has a rib, or the like.

The lath mortar structure 100 not only improves the aesthetic appearance of the building, but also plays the role of suppressing the spread of fire to the surrounding area when a fire occurs inside, and suppressing damage caused by fire occurring in the surrounding area. . This is because the mortar layer 40 is made of mortar, which is a so-called noncombustible material. Fire easily spreads in wooden buildings, but by using the lath mortar structure 100, the wood of the columns 111, 112, etc. is protected by the mortar layer 40.

Here, with reference to FIG. 2, displacement of a column when shaking such as an earthquake occurs will be explained. FIG. 2 shows how the pillars 111 and 112 to which the lath mortar structure 100 is attached are tilted due to shaking such as an earthquake.

When a building shakes due to an earthquake or the like, the pillars 111 and 112 of the building may tilt. On the other hand, since the mortar layer 40 and the lath 30, which are rigid bodies, maintain their shapes, the relative positions of the columns 11 and 12 with respect to the mortar layer 40 and the lath 30 shift. As a result, the staples fixing the lath 30 may come off the base plate 10 and the columns 111, 112, and the mortar layer 40 may fall off from the building frame together with the lath 30.

If the mortar layer 40 falls off, the wood that makes up the building frame will be exposed to the outside. Exposed wood is susceptible to fires caused by earthquakes, etc.

Therefore, in this embodiment, when the columns 111 and 112 are tilted due to an earthquake or the like, the support fittings 70 are used to absorb the displacement of the columns 111 and 112 with respect to the mortar layer 40 and the lath 30, and This made it possible to prevent the 30 from falling off. The configuration of the support fitting 70 will be described below with reference to FIG. 3.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the support fitting 70 of this embodiment.

The support fitting 70 is made of one metal plate, and has a plate portion 71 and a support portion 72 protruding from the plate portion 71. A swing hole 73 is formed in the plate portion 71 .

In this embodiment, the plate portion 71 has a rectangular planar shape having long sides and short sides. Further, the swing hole 73 and the support portion 72 are provided with a predetermined distance apart in the longitudinal direction of the plate portion 71. Details of the distance between the swing hole 73 and the support portion 72 will be described later. Note that, as long as the swing hole 73 and the support part 72 can be provided with a predetermined distance apart, the planar shape of the plate part 71 is not limited to a rectangle, but may be a square, a circle, an ellipse, a substantially circle, or a polygon.

The support portion 72 is obtained by cutting out a part of the plate portion 71 and bending it perpendicular to the surface of the plate portion 71. Therefore, a hole 74 having the same shape as the support portion 72 is formed in the plate portion 71 .

The swing hole 73 is a through hole, into which the screw 80 is inserted. The diameter of the swing hole 73 is preferably smaller than the diameter of the head of the screw 80 inserted therethrough. The screws 80 are preferably strong screws for construction, but are not particularly limited in type.

The support fitting 70 is attached to the building frame using screws 80. Specifically, the plate part 71 is attached to the building frame in such a state that the longitudinal direction thereof extends in the vertical direction and the swing hole 73 is disposed above the support part 72 .

The support fitting 70 can swing about the screw 80 as a swing axis when a lateral force is applied to the support part 72 while it is attached to a building frame.

Note that the support fitting 70 shown in FIG. 3 is formed by processing a single metal plate, but is not limited to this, and includes at least a swing hole 73 into which a fixing device such as a screw 80 is inserted. As long as it has a support part 72 protruding from a plate-shaped main body (in this embodiment, the plate part 71), it is not limited to one made of a single metal plate.

FIG. 4 shows a state in which the support fitting 70 of this embodiment is attached to the pillar 111 and supports the lath 30.

The support fittings 70 are attached to pillars 111 and 112, which are building frames, using screws 80. Although only one support metal fitting 70 is shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of support metal fittings 70 may be attached to the building frame at predetermined intervals.

Then, the lath 30 is attached to the support part 72 of the support fitting 70 attached to the building frame so that the intersection of the meshes is caught. Thereby, the lath 30 is supported by the support part 72 of the support fitting 70. Note that in FIG. 4, the mesh of the lath 30 is shown in a large size to avoid complicating the drawing, but the mesh of the lath 30 may be formed finer than that shown. Thereby, the support part 72 is easily caught in the mesh of the lath 30, and the lath 30 can be supported no matter where the support fitting 70 is attached. Note that it is not necessary that all of the plurality of supporting metal fittings 70 attached to the building frame be caught in the mesh of the lath 30.

Note that if the lath 30 is simply hooked onto the support part 72 of the support fitting 70, there is a possibility that the lath 30 will fall off from the building frame, so it is preferable to fix it to the building frame using an appropriate connector such as staples 90. FIG. 4 shows the staples 90 being attached so as to straddle the intersections of the meshes of the lath 30.

As shown in FIG. 4, with the support fittings 70 supporting the lath 30, mortar is applied to a predetermined thickness. Thereby, the lath 30 and the supporting metal fittings 70 are buried in the mortar layer 40 so as not to be visible from the outside.

Next, with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7, the operation of the support fitting based on the displacement of the column will be described. FIG. 5 shows the support metal fittings swinging as the column inclines in this embodiment. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the amount of displacement of the column in the lateral direction when the column is tilted. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the optimal size of the support fitting of this embodiment. In FIG. 7A, the support fitting 70 before swinging is shown by a solid line, and the support fitting 70 after swinging is shown by a broken line. Moreover, FIG.7(b) is a figure explaining the displacement amount in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the support metal fitting 70 after rocking|swiveling.

Here, the case where the height T of the column 112 is 3000 mm will be described as an example.

FIG. 5 shows the pillar 112 tilted in the left direction L due to an earthquake or the like. At this time, the upper portion of the lath mortar structure 100 moves in the right direction R relative to the pillar 112. As a result, the screw 80 remains fixed to the pillar 112, and a rightward force from the lath 30 and the mortar layer 40 acts on the support portion 72 of the support fitting 70. Therefore, the support fitting 70 swings in the right direction R about the screw 80 (swing hole 73) as a swing axis.

On the other hand, the lower portion of the lath mortar structure 100 moves in the left direction L relative to the pillar 112. As a result, the screw 80 remains fixed to the pillar 112, and a leftward force from the lath 30 and the mortar layer 40 acts on the support portion 72 of the support fitting 70. Therefore, the support fitting 70 swings in the left direction L using the screw 80 (swing hole 73) as a swing axis.

For example, if an earthquake with a seismic intensity of about 4 occurs, a typical wooden house is thought to tilt at a maximum of about 1/120 [rad] (≈0.48 degrees). In this case, the maximum displacement D1 of the pillar 112 with respect to the lath mortar structure 100 in the lateral direction is 12.5 mm (=(3000/2)×1/120). Note that the displacement of the maximum displacement amount D1 occurs at the upper and lower ends of the column 112, as shown in FIG.

Further, as shown in FIG. 6, for example, at a position of the pillar 112 at a height of 2500 mm (T2), the displacement amount D2 is approximately 8.3 mm. Further, at a position of the pillar 112 at a height of 2000 mm (T3), the displacement amount D3 is approximately 4.2 mm. Moreover, at a position of the height 1500 mm (T4) of the pillar 112, that is, at a position of the center of the pillar 112 in the height direction, the amount of displacement is minute.

In order to absorb the displacement of the pillar 112 with respect to the lath mortar structure 100, it is sufficient that the support part 72 can move in the lateral direction by the maximum displacement amount D1 = 12.5 mm when the support fitting 70 swings. .

Here, if the vertical movement of the supporting part 72 is large when the supporting metal fitting 70 swings, the supporting part 72 and the mortar layer 40 will exert forces in the vertical direction on each other, causing the supporting part 72 to bend or There is a risk that the mortar layer 40 will be damaged.

Based on the above viewpoint, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the distance L between the center of the screw 80 (swing hole 73) and the support portion 72 is set to 62.5 mm.

In this case, as shown in FIG. 7(b), the swing angle of the support fitting 70 is 1/5 [rad] (≒11.5 degrees), and the amount of displacement of the support part 72 in the upward direction Z is 1. It will be 3mm. If it is about 1.3 mm, it can be absorbed by the gap between the screw 80 and the swing hole 73, the play between the support part 72 and the mortar layer 40, etc.

Note that, for example, the support portion 72 may be covered with a resin-made cylindrical member having a diameter that is approximately the same as the width of the support portion 72, or a diameter that is slightly wider than the width of the support portion 72. Thereby, play in the vertical direction can be absorbed by the gap between the support portion 72 and the cylindrical member.

From the above, it is considered preferable that the distance L is about five times (=62.5 mm) the maximum displacement amount D1 (12.5 mm) in the lateral direction.

The longer the distance L, the easier it is to absorb displacement in the lateral direction.If the distance L is shorter, the amount of displacement that can be absorbed in the lateral direction becomes smaller. Moreover, when the displacement in the lateral direction is the same, the shorter the distance L, the larger the displacement in the vertical direction, and the load applied to the support portion 72 becomes larger. Therefore, it is necessary to set the distance L to an appropriate length. In this embodiment, the distance L is 62.5 mm as described above. However, the distance L is not limited to this, and it is preferable that the distance L is 20 mm to 100 mm. Preferably, the length is 20 mm to 65 mm. More preferably, the length is 60 mm to 65 mm.

Note that after the shaking due to the earthquake subsides, the swinging support metal fitting 70 swings due to its own weight and returns to the state before swinging. That is, the plate portion 71 is positioned so that its longitudinal direction extends in the vertical direction. Therefore, the support fitting 70 can maintain a state of supporting the lath 30 even after the shaking caused by the earthquake has subsided.

In addition, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3 etc., the shape of the support part 72 was made into the prismatic shape, However, It is not restricted to this, It is good also as a cylindrical shape with a peripheral surface. Alternatively, a peripheral surface may be formed on the support portion 72 by covering the prismatic support portion 72 with a cylindrical member. In addition, the peripheral surface of the support part 72 is preferably formed at least on the upper part of the support part 72 in a state where the support fitting 70 is attached to the building frame. That is, the peripheral surface of the support portion 72 is preferably formed at least in a portion that is caught at the intersection of the meshes of the lath 30. With such a configuration, the support portion 72 is easily caught in the mesh of the lath 30, and the attachment of the lath 30 is facilitated. Further, when the support fitting 70 swings, the peripheral surface of the support part 72 slides on the intersection of the mesh of the lath 30, so that the load applied to the lath 30 can be reduced.

Further, the support portion 72 can be used as a guide for the coating thickness of the mortar layer 40. For example, if it is desired that the coating thickness of the mortar layer 40 be 20 mm, the length from the surface of the base plate 10 to the protruding tip of the support portion 72 may be 20 mm or slightly less than 20 mm. Thereby, the plasterer can recognize that the coating thickness of the mortar layer 40 is 20 mm by confirming that the support portion 72 is embedded in the mortar. Since the support portion 72 also has such a function, there is no need to separately provide a member used as a guide for coating thickness.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the support fittings 70 support the lath 30, the staples 90 as a joint for attaching the lath 30 to the building frame can be omitted or the number of staples used can be reduced. be able to.

In addition, in the configuration in which the support fittings 70 are attached to the building frame, a hole through which the support part 72 passes may be formed in advance at a position of the waterproof paper 20 that overlaps with the support part 72, or 20 may be broken through.

By using the lath mortar structure 100 according to the present embodiment described above, even if the building frame is tilted due to shaking such as an earthquake, the mortar layer 40 and the lath 30 can be prevented from falling off from the building frame. It can be suppressed. As a result, damage caused by fires caused by earthquakes can be suppressed.

Next, a modification of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 8. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the arrangement of support fittings in a modified example of this embodiment. In addition, since FIG. 8 shows the arrangement of the support fittings 70, only the outer shape of the lath mortar structure 100 is shown and the detailed structure is omitted.

As explained with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7 above, the amount of displacement of the pillar 112 with respect to the lath mortar structure 100 changes depending on the position in the height direction. That is, the amount of displacement is large at high and low positions. Therefore, in the support fitting 70, it is necessary to ensure a certain distance L between the swing hole 73 and the support portion 72.

On the other hand, at a position where the amount of displacement is small, the distance L between the swing hole 73 and the support portion 72 may be short. By shortening the distance L between the swing hole 73 and the support portion 72, the support fitting 70 can be made smaller. By reducing the size of the support fitting 70, costs such as material costs for the support fitting 70 can be reduced. Further, by reducing the size of the support fitting 70, it becomes easier to handle during construction. Here, it is considered preferable that the distance L at a position where the amount of displacement is small is about five times the amount of displacement at that position. For example, L from the T2 position to the T3 position in FIG. 6 is preferably about 40 mm, which is five times the displacement amount D2 (8.3 mm) at T2, and L from the T3 position to the T4 position in FIG. It is considered preferable that L = about 20 mm, which is five times the displacement amount D3 (4.2 mm) at T3. As a result, the displacement of the support part 72 in the upward direction Z at each position does not exceed 1.3 mm, which is the displacement amount of the support part 72 in the upward direction Z at the maximum displacement D1 = 12.5 mm at the position T1. There is no risk that the support portion 72 will be bent or the mortar layer 40 will be damaged.

Therefore, in a modification of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, support metal fittings 70 of different sizes are used depending on the height at which the support metal fittings 70 are attached. Specifically, the distance L between the swing hole 73 and the support part 72 was made longer as the position was higher and lower. Note that at the top and bottom where the amount of displacement is the largest, the support fittings 70 of the size shown in FIG. 7 were used. On the other hand, at the position where the amount of displacement is the smallest, a support fitting 70 with a distance L of 20 mm was used. However, this is just an example, and it is preferable to use the support fitting 70 with a distance L of 20 mm to 65 mm at the position where the displacement is the smallest. With such a configuration, displacement of the pillar can be sufficiently absorbed at high and low positions, and by using the small supporting metal fitting 70, it is possible to reduce costs.

The embodiments and modifications according to the present invention have been described above, but the specific configurations shown in each of these embodiments and modifications are shown as examples, and the technical scope of the present invention is limited thereto. That is not intended. Those skilled in the art should understand that these disclosed embodiments may be modified as appropriate, and that the technical scope of the invention disclosed herein includes such modifications.

10 Base plate, 20 Waterproof paper, 30 Lath, 40 Mortar layer, 70 Support metal fittings, 71 Plate portion, 72 Support portion, 73 Swing hole, 74 Hole, 80 Screw, 90 Staple, 100 Lath mortar structure, 111,112 Pillar.

Claims (13)

mortar layer,
a lath attached to a building frame and embedded in the mortar layer;
a support fitting that supports the lath and is embedded in the mortar layer;
has
The supporting metal fittings are
a plate portion having a swing hole formed therein, which is inserted into the swing hole and supported by the fixture so as to be swingable about the fixture fixed to the building frame ;
a support part that protrudes from the plate part and supports the lath;
including,
lath mortar structure. The plate portion is planar,
The swing hole and the support portion are provided at a predetermined distance apart from each other in the plate portion;
The lath mortar structure according to claim 1. The predetermined distance is 20 mm to 100 mm.
The lath mortar structure according to claim 2. The predetermined distance is 20 mm to 65 mm.
The lath mortar structure according to claim 2. The predetermined distance is 60 mm to 65 mm.
The lath mortar structure according to claim 2. having a plurality of the supporting metal fittings,
Among the plurality of support metal fittings, a second support metal fitting is provided closer to the center in the vertical direction than the first support metal fitting provided on the end side in the vertical direction of the building frame. The predetermined distance is shorter.
The lath mortar structure according to any one of claims 2 to 5. The predetermined distance in the second support fitting is 20 mm to 65 mm.
The lath mortar structure according to claim 6. The support portion has a peripheral surface at least on an upper portion in a state where the plate portion is attached to the building frame.
The lath mortar structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7. a plate portion having a swing hole formed therein and supported by the fixture so as to be swingable about the fixture that is inserted into the swing hole and fixed to the building frame ;
a support part that protrudes from the plate part and supports a lath that is attached to the building frame;
has,
Support metal fittings. The plate portion is planar,
The swing hole and the support portion are provided at a predetermined distance apart from each other in the plate portion.
The support fitting according to claim 9. The predetermined distance is 20 mm to 100 mm.
The support fitting according to claim 10. The predetermined distance is 20 mm to 65 mm.
The support fitting according to claim 10. The predetermined distance is 60 mm to 65 mm.
The support fitting according to claim 10.

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