JP7411880B2 - Dyeing materials derived from oil palm and dyeing methods using the same - Google Patents

Description

Application of Article 30, Paragraph 2 of the Patent Law February 1, 2019 Publication Published in "Kyoto Institute of Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science, Materials Engineering Course, 2018 Graduation Research Presentation Abstracts" (published by Kyoto Institute of Technology, a national university corporation) , February 12, 2019 Published at the 2018 Graduation Research Presentation of the Materials Engineering Course, Faculty of Industrial Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, sponsored by the National University Corporation Kyoto Institute of Technology, May 30, 2020, Publication "No. 72" Published in the 72nd Annual Conference of the Japan Textile Machinery Society (published by the Japan Textile Machinery Society) on May 30, 2020. Published in poster format, May 31, 2020 Published at the 72nd Annual Conference of the Japan Textile Machinery Society, sponsored by the Japan Textile Machinery Society

The present invention relates to a dyeing material derived from oil palm and a dyeing method using the same.

In the history of dyeing, which has been practiced since the beginning of human civilization, in addition to synthetic dyes that were discovered in the 1850s and are commonly used today, natural dyes have been used all over the world for over tens of thousands of years. has been used. There are many types of natural dyes depending on the animals and plants they are derived from, but they are generally superior to synthetic dyes in terms of fastness, quality control, production stability, production cost, and ease of use. is low. However, in the field of dyeing, the largest amount of water is consumed and waste liquid is discharged during production and processing in various industries, so reducing the burden on the environment is an important issue. In recent years, the problem of securing natural raw materials has become more and more a reality, and dyes made from naturally derived substances are becoming increasingly important. Furthermore, some bio-based materials obtained from naturally derived substances exhibit properties that synthetic materials do not have, and dyeing processes that take advantage of the characteristics of bio-based dyes are expected.

Palm oil produced from oil palm has a higher yield per planted area than other vegetable oils and is widely used in the industrial and food fields. Palm oil production has expanded rapidly in recent years, and it is currently the most consumed naturally occurring oil in the world.

On the other hand, as the production of palm oil increases, the problem of large amounts of waste from oil palms has also arisen. Therefore, from the viewpoint of effective use of biomass resources and improvement of environmental problems, it is desired to develop a method of using materials obtained from oil palm waste that takes advantage of its characteristics.

JP-A No. 2004-203848 discloses a composition containing a highly polar extract of the genus Elaeis (claim 1), which contains a type of pericarp, core, leaf, and stem of the genus Elaeis. Alternatively, a composition containing two or more highly polar extracts is disclosed (Claim 2). Pharmaceuticals, quasi-drugs, cosmetics, foods, and cleaning agents are disclosed as uses of the composition ([0005]).

JP-A No. 2002-27921 discloses an intestinal flora improving agent containing a hydrolyzate obtained by decomposing palm kernel meal with an acid or an enzyme (claim 1), and the intestinal flora improving agent is blended with the intestinal flora improving agent. Disclosed is a feed that does this (Claim 2). Palm kernel meal is the crushed residue after extracting palm kernel oil from the palm kernel of oil palm seeds ([0005]).

JP-A No. 2002-60343 discloses a manure deodorizer containing a hydrolyzate obtained by decomposing palm kernel meal with an acid or an enzyme as an active ingredient (Claim 1), which contains the intestinal flora improving agent. Disclosed is a feed that does this (Claim 2). Palm kernel meal is the crushed residue after extracting palm kernel oil from the palm kernel of oil palm seeds ([0007]).

Japanese Patent Publication No. 2011-514347 discloses a composition containing an extract from oil palm leaves, wherein the extract contains (-)-catechin gallate, ferulic acid, and phenolic acids such as gallic acid and protocatechuic acid. A composition is disclosed (claim 1). The composition is used to reduce or prevent oxidative stress in mammals and poultry (Claim 2, [0001]).

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-533169 discloses a cooked composition that promotes cardiovascular health management of an individual, which contains an extract from the leaves of a palm plant using a polar extraction solvent (claims 1) It is disclosed that the plant of the palm family is any one or a combination of Guinea oil palm, American oil palm, date palm, and coconut palm (Claim 3).

Japanese Patent Publication No. 2005-521649 discloses a method for producing cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical active ingredients obtained by fermenting plant components and/or plant extracts (claim 2), and the plant is Guinea oil palm. Plant starting materials and protein concentrates selected from the group consisting of seeds, nodules, roots, leaves, fruits disclosed (claim 4) and in reduced size and/or pressed and/or extracted form. , a hydrolyzate or an isolate is disclosed as a plant component (claim 5).

None of the above-mentioned publications discloses the characteristics regarding the dyeing use of oil palm waste after palm oil has been extracted.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2004-203848 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2002-27921 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2002-60343 Special Publication No. 2011-514347 Special Publication No. 2010-533169 Special Publication No. 2005-521649

As mentioned above, there is the problem of disposing of large amounts of oil palm waste after palm oil is extracted. There is also the issue of reducing the burden on the environment as much as possible with respect to the large amount of waste liquid generated during the dyeing process. Furthermore, there is also the problem of securing sustainable raw materials for synthetic dyes made from petroleum and other sources. On the other hand, dyeing processes that take advantage of the characteristics of bio-based dyes obtained from naturally derived substances that are not found in synthetic dyes are also expected.

An object of the present invention is to provide a dyed processed material from oil palm waste. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing dyed materials from oil palm waste. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a dyeing method using a dyeing material obtained from oil palm waste. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a dyed product dyed with a dyed material obtained from oil palm waste.

As a result of extensive research, the present inventors discovered that a dyed material can be obtained by extraction from oil palm waste after palm oil has been extracted, leading to the present invention.

The present invention includes the following inventions.

(1) A dyed processed material containing an extract from at least one part selected from the group consisting of the seed shell, mesocarp, fruit bunch, stem, and leaf of a plant of the genus Elaeis of the Arecaceae family.

(2) The dyed material according to (1) above, which contains an extract from the seed shell of a plant of the genus Elaeis.

(3) The oil palm (Elaeis) genus plant is from the group consisting of Guinea oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), American oil palm (Elaeis oleifera), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), and coconut palm (Cocos nucifera). Selected (1) above or The dyed material described in (2).

(4) A method for producing a dyed material from a plant of the genus Elaeis of the Arecaceae family, comprising:
A step of obtaining a crushed product by crushing at least one part selected from the group consisting of the seed shell, mesocarp, fruit bunch, stem, and leaf of a plant of the genus Elaeis of the family Arecaceae;
mixing the pulverized material with an extraction solvent selected from the group consisting of water, a polar organic solvent, and a mixed solvent thereof to extract the dye component;
a step of concentrating the extracted dye component;
A method for producing dyed processed materials, including:

(5) The method for producing a dyed material according to (4) above, wherein the polar organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and acetone.

(6) Before the step of obtaining the pulverized material,
The dyeing according to (4) or (5) above, comprising the step of drying at least one part selected from the group consisting of the seed shell, mesocarp, fruit cluster, stem, and leaf of the plant of the genus Elaeis. Method of manufacturing processed materials.

(7) After the step of concentrating the dye component, further:
The method for producing a dyed material according to any one of (4) to (6) above, which includes a step of drying the concentrate.

(8) A dyeing method comprising the step of dyeing an object to be dyed using the dyeing material according to any one of (1) to (3) above.

(9) The dyeing method according to (8) above, wherein the dyeing step includes a step of immersing the object to be dyed in a dyeing liquid containing the dyeing processing material.

(10) Before the immersion step, at the same time as the immersion step, or after the immersion step,
The dyeing method according to (9) above, including the step of treating the object to be dyed with an aqueous solution containing metal ions.

(11) The dyeing method according to (10) above, wherein the metal ion is an ion of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, copper, aluminum, tin, and titanium.

(12) The dyeing method according to (8) above, wherein the dyeing step includes a step of printing a dyeing liquid containing the dyeing processing material and an auxiliary agent on the object to be dyed.

(13) The staining method according to (12) above, wherein the staining solution further contains or does not contain metal ions.

(14) The dyeing method according to (13) above, wherein the metal ion is an ion of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, copper, aluminum, tin, and titanium.

(15) A dyed product dyed with the dyed material according to any one of (1) to (3) above.

According to the present invention, a dyed material containing an extract from at least one part selected from the group consisting of the seed shell, mesocarp, fruit cluster, stem, and leaf of a plant of the genus Elaeis of the family Arecaceae. is provided. This makes it possible to effectively utilize oil palm waste after palm oil has been extracted, and is one way to solve the problem of processing large amounts of oil palm waste.

In addition, the dyeing material of the present invention is a bio-based dye obtained from naturally derived substances, and the large amount of waste liquid generated during dyeing processing can reduce the burden on the environment compared to when synthetic dyes are used. can. Furthermore, the dyed material of the present invention is a bio-based dye obtained from plants, which reduces the problem of sustainably securing raw materials for synthetic dyes.

Furthermore, the dyed material of the present invention is a bio-based dye obtained from naturally derived substances, and has features that synthetic dyes do not have, such as reducing properties and dye stabilization and color deepening due to oxidation.

Furthermore, it is clear that among the bio-based dyes obtained from naturally derived substances, the dyed material of the present invention exhibits a different dyeing behavior from dyes extracted from the Areca genus of the Arecaceae family. became. In the field of dyeing, there are various needs for dyes extracted from plants of the genus Oil Palm.

Figure 1 is a photograph showing each part of an oil palm. Figure 2 shows photographs and _colorimetric values (L ^* a ^* b ^* color system). Here, L ^* : lightness, a ^* : red-greenness, b ^* : yellow-blueness. FIG. 3 is a tone diagram of silk fabrics dyed at 60° C. for 180 minutes while changing x _f in Experimental Example 3. The horizontal axis represents saturation C ^* , and the vertical axis represents lightness L ^* . FIG. 4 shows that x_fThis is an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum when an aqueous solution of a seed husk extract having a concentration of 0.010 was treated under two heating conditions: 40°C for 180 minutes and 60°C for 180 minutes. The horizontal axis is the absorption wavelength λ [nm] , and the vertical axis represents absorbance A. FIG. 5 is a tone diagram of silk fabrics dyed in Experimental Example 3 using a dyeing solution of x _f =0.010 at 60° C. while changing the dyeing time. The horizontal axis represents saturation C ^* , and the vertical axis represents lightness L ^* . FIG. 6 is a tone diagram of the silk fabric when it was dyed for 180 minutes at varying dyeing temperatures using a dyeing solution of x _f =0.010 in Experimental Example 3. The horizontal axis represents saturation C ^* , and the vertical axis represents lightness L ^* . Figure 7 shows a photograph and colorimetric values (L ^* a ^* b ^* table) of a sample fabric dyed in Experimental Example 4 using a dyeing solution of x _f =0.010 in combination with metal ion-containing aqueous solution treatment. color system). Figure 8 shows photographs and colorimetric values (L ^* a ^* b ^* color representation) of each natural fiber fabric when dyed at 60°C for 180 minutes using a dyeing solution of x _f = 0.010 in Experimental Example 5. system). Figure 9 shows photographs and colorimetric values (L ^* a ^* b ^* color representation) of each synthetic fiber fabric when dyed at 60°C for 180 minutes using a dyeing solution of x _f = 0.010 in Experimental Example 6. system). FIG _. 10 shows photographs of each sample and colorimetric values (L ^* a ^* b ^* color system). FIG. 11 is a graph of colorimetric values of samples against the number of washes n (≦27) of silk fabrics dyed with oil palm seed husk extract dye and areca nut extract dye, respectively, in Experimental Example 7 and Comparative Experimental Example 1. FIG. 11(a) is a graph regarding L ^* , where the horizontal axis represents the number of washes n, and the vertical axis represents L ^* . FIG. 11(b) is a graph regarding a ^* , where the horizontal axis represents the number of washes n, and the vertical axis represents a ^* . FIG. 11(c) is a graph regarding b ^* , where the horizontal axis represents the number of washings n, and the vertical axis represents b ^* . FIG. 12 shows the color difference ΔE* of silk fabrics dyed with oil palm seed husk extract dye and areca nut extract dye, respectively, immediately after dyeing and after washing n times (≦27) in Experimental Example 7 and Comparative Experimental Example 1 ^. This is a graph in which the horizontal axis represents the number of washings n, and the vertical axis represents ΔE ^* . Figure 13 shows a silk fabric dyed with an oil palm seed husk extract dye, a silk fabric dyed with an oil palm seed husk extract dye and then treated with an aqueous sodium carbonate solution, and a silk fabric dyed with an areca nut extract dye in Experimental Example 7 and Comparative Experiment 1. 1 is a graph of changes in ΔE ^* versus n (≦10) for silk fabrics prepared by the present invention. Figure 14 shows silk fabric n (≦10) dyed with oil palm seed husk extract dye and silk fabric n (≦10) dyed with oil palm seed husk extract dye and treated with sodium carbonate aqueous solution in Experimental Example 7 and Comparative Experiment Example 1. 10) and a silk fabric n (≦7) treated with an aqueous sodium percarbonate solution after dyeing with an oil palm seed husk extract dye. ^FIG .

[Dyeing processing materials]
The dyed material of the present invention contains an extract from at least one part selected from the group consisting of the seed shell, mesocarp, fruit cluster, stem, and leaf of a plant of the genus Elaeis in the family Arecaceae. It may also contain extracts from more than one of the sites.

The plants of the genus Elaeis include Guinea oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), American oil palm (Elaeis oleifera), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), and coconut palm (Cocos nucifera). Guinea oil palm is native to West Africa and is cultivated on a large scale in Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and other countries. The American oil palm is native to tropical Central and South America.

Adult oil palm trees have a single trunk and grow up to 20 meters in height. The leaves (leaves or fronds) are pinnate and grow 3 to 5 meters long. Young trees grow about 30 new leaves a year, and trees over 10 years old grow about 20 new leaves a year. The flowers consist of three petals and three sepals, and although the individual flowers are small, they form dense clusters.

After pollination, it takes about 6 months for the fruit to ripen. The fruits are egg-sized, reddish, and grow in clusters in clusters. The fruit bunches can weigh between 10 and 50 kilograms. The fruit contains an oily, fleshy outer layer called the pulp (mesocarp) and has a single seed called the palm kernel. Seeds are covered with a seed coat.

Oil palms are cultivated primarily for the purpose of extracting palm oil. Palm oil extracted from oil palm fruits also contains carotenes, tocopherols, and tocotrienols in addition to fats and oils.

Palm oil is extracted from both the mesocarp and the seed. After palm oil is extracted, the seed shell, mesocarp fibers, and fruit bunch fibers remain as waste. In addition, leaves and trunks remain as waste. Reference is made to FIG.

In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for producing a dyed material from a plant of the genus Elaeis of the family Arecaceae includes the following steps:
A step of obtaining a crushed product by crushing at least one part selected from the group consisting of the seed shell, mesocarp, fruit bunch, stem, and leaf of a plant of the genus Elaeis of the family Arecaceae;
mixing the pulverized material with an extraction solvent selected from the group consisting of water, a polar organic solvent, and a mixed solvent thereof to extract the dye component;
a step of concentrating the extracted dye component;
including. Two or more of the above sites may be used. The above-mentioned portion may be in a state where it can be appropriately pulverized.

In the method for producing a dyed material of the present invention, before the step of obtaining the pulverized material, at least one member selected from the group consisting of the seed shell, mesocarp, fruit cluster, stem, and leaf of the plant of the genus Elaeis is prepared. The method may also include a step of drying the two parts.

Two or more of the parts may be dried, and a dried product containing two or more of the parts may be pulverized. Drying facilitates grinding of the parts.

The method for producing a dyed material of the present invention may further include, after the step of concentrating the dye component, a step of drying the concentrate.

In an embodiment of the present invention, at least one part selected from the group consisting of the seed shell, mesocarp, fruit cluster, stem, and leaf of the oil palm plant is dried. Usually after palm oil extraction, each part is often dried in the sun.

The obtained dried product is pulverized to obtain a pulverized product. For pulverization, a commonly used pulverizer may be used. For example, the obtained dried product is made into a fine powder using a high-speed mill. The powder is No. A size that passes through 20 mesh (nominal opening 850 μm) or less is suitable.

The resulting pulverized product is mixed with an extraction solvent selected from the group consisting of water, polar organic solvents, and mixed solvents thereof to extract the dye component. Examples of the polar organic solvent include, but are not limited to, lower alcohols having 1 to 3 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, and isopropyl alcohol, and acetone.

Extraction conditions, such as extraction temperature, extraction time, pH (or pH ^* ) of the extraction solution, and mixing ratio of the extracted parts of the oil palm plant and the extraction solvent, can be determined as appropriate by those skilled in the art, and there are no particular restrictions. do not have. For example, using a Soxhlet extractor, use about 1 L to 5 L, for example 2.25 L of water as an extraction solvent for 250 g of dried and crushed oil palm plant, set the extraction temperature to 100°C (boiling temperature), and set the extraction time to 250 g. The time can be about 1 hour to 20 hours. However, the powder may be dispersed in another container and extracted with water at a lower temperature or, depending on the extraction solvent used, at a lower temperature. For extraction, extractors known to those skilled in the art can be used.

Concentrate the extracted dye components. Although the extracted dye component can be used as it is as an extract or as a diluted solution for staining, the extract is usually concentrated to a desired concentration. For concentration, vacuum concentrators known to those skilled in the art can be used. For example, a vacuum concentrator, a plate-type concentration evaporator, a one-pass concentrator, a rotary evaporator, etc. are used. Concentration yields a concentrate having a desired concentration, such as a concentrated extract or a concentrated paste. Concentrating the extract reduces the volume and facilitates transportation. This concentrated state can be used for dyeing.

After concentrating the dye component, the concentrate may be further dried. For drying, drying equipment known to those skilled in the art can be used. For example, a vacuum dryer, a freeze dryer, a spray dryer, etc. are used. In this way, a dry powder (dry substance) is obtained as an extract from the oil palm plant.

In the manner described above, the dyed material of the present invention is obtained. In the present invention, the dyed material is an extract from each part of a plant of the genus Oil Palm, more preferably an extract from a seed husk.

[staining]
The dyeing material of the present invention can be used to dye various objects to be dyed. Examples of objects include fiber materials, human hair, wood, leather, feathers, resins, bioplastics, paper, porous ceramics, and the like.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the dyeing method includes the step of dyeing an object to be dyed using the dyeing material of the present invention. The dyeing method may be either a dyeing method or a printing method.

(Dyeing method)
In the dip dyeing method, the step of dyeing includes the step of immersing the object to be dyed in a dye solution containing the dyeing material.

The dyeing solution is prepared by mixing a concentrated extract, a concentrated paste, or a dry powder dyeing material with a solvent (or dispersion medium). The solvent or dispersion medium to be used is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include water and an aqueous solution containing a small amount of an organic solvent, and examples of the fluid include a supercritical fluid. Usually, it is better to use water. Furthermore, the dyeing solution contains various auxiliary agents normally used in dyeing (organic compounds, salts, surfactants, pH adjusters, oxidizing agents, dispersants, wetting agents, penetrants, leveling agents, slowing agents, suspending agents, etc.) may be added.

The concentration (amount) of the dyeing material in the dyeing liquid is not particularly limited and can be determined as appropriate. For example, when a dry powder is used as an extract from a plant belonging to the genus Oil Palm, the mixing ratio of the dry powder of the extract to the solvent in the staining solution x _f :
x _f =m _EP /m _W [g/g]
here,
m _EP : Mass of dry extract powder m _W : Mass of solvent (or dispersion medium)

For example, it may be 0.0001 to 0.05 [g/g], preferably 0.001 to 0.02 [g/g], and more preferably 0.005 to 0.01 [g/g]. These upper limit values and lower limit values can be set arbitrarily.

There are no particular limitations on the dyeing time (the time the object is immersed in the dyeing solution) and the dyeing temperature (the temperature of the dyeing solution in which the object is immersed). It can be determined as appropriate, taking into consideration the nature of the object, the purpose of use, etc. The staining time may be, for example, 1 minute to 24 hours, or 1 minute to 6 hours, preferably 10 minutes to 3 hours, and more preferably 15 minutes to 60 minutes. These upper limit values and lower limit values can be set arbitrarily. The dyeing temperature may be, for example, 30°C to 100°C, preferably 40°C to 80°C. These upper limit values and lower limit values can be set arbitrarily.

When textile products are to be dyed, it can be applied to either yarn dyeing [cotton dyeing (loose wool, sliver, top, tow), yarn dyeing] or piece dyeing (reverse dyeing, product dyeing).

In the dyeing method, mordanting with metal ions may be performed. In this case, the object to be dyed may be immersed in the dyeing liquid before the process (first mordant method), simultaneously with the immersion process (same bath mordant method), or after the immersion process (post-mordant method). ), it is preferable to perform a step of treating the object to be dyed with a solution containing metal ions.

Examples of metal ions include metal ions such as iron, vanadium, copper, aluminum, tin, and titanium. These are commonly used as mordants, and may be appropriately selected in consideration of the properties of the object, purpose of use, preferred color tone, etc.

As for the aluminum ion, for example, potassium aluminum sulfate (alum), aluminum acetate, aluminum chloride, etc. may be used. As for iron ions, for example, iron(II) chloride, iron(III) chloride, iron acetate, iron lactate, iron citrate, iron(II) sulfate, etc. may be used. As for the copper ion, for example, copper(II) chloride, copper(II) acetate, etc. may be used. As for the tin ion, for example, tin (II) chloride or the like may be used. As for the titanium ion, for example, tetrabutyl orthotitanate, titanium sulfate, etc. may be used. As for the vanadium ion, for example, vanadium oxide sulfate or the like may be used.

Mordant treatment can be performed by immersing the object in a metal ion solution. Regarding the immersion time and immersion temperature of the object in the metal ion solution, the above-mentioned dyeing time and dyeing temperature can be referred to and may be determined as appropriate. The mordant makes it easier for the dye component to adhere to the object, and the metal ions cause a change in color tone.

(Printing method)
In the textile printing method, the step of dyeing includes the step of printing a dye solution containing the dyeing processing material and necessary auxiliary agents onto the object to be dyed.

As the auxiliary agent, a sizing agent, a dye dissolving agent, a dye accelerator, an antifoaming agent, etc. which are commonly used in textile printing methods can be used.

In the textile printing method, mordanting may be performed by combining printing with a solution containing metal ions in addition to printing with the dyeing solution. As the metal ion, the same ions as mentioned above can be used.

The printing method is not particularly limited, and various known methods may be employed. Direct printing methods, resist dyeing methods, discharge printing methods, resist discharge printing methods, molded dyeing methods, inkjet printing methods, flock printing methods, spray printing methods, multicolor printing methods, etc. are included.

As described above, a dyed product dyed with the oil palm-derived dyed material of the present invention is obtained.

In the present invention, the object to be dyed is not limited. Natural fibers, chemical fibers, natural resin materials, synthetic resin materials, human hair, paper, leather, feathers, pericarp, nonwoven fabrics, plant materials (reed, rush, tow, etc.), wood, materials made from wood pulp, resins, It can be applied to various materials such as bioplastics and porous ceramics.

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

[Experimental Example 1: Preparation of oil palm extract dye]
Sun-dried oil palm seed husks (collection location: Chonburi, Thailand, variety: Elaeis guineensis-Tenera, age: 10 years, provided by Suksomboom Palm Oil) were ground into powder using a high-speed mill. 250 g of the obtained powder was extracted with 2.25 L of boiling water using a Soxhlet extractor (boiling temperature: 100°C, extraction time: 14 hours). The obtained extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator, and then dried under reduced pressure and powdered. 5.50 g of powder (yield: 2.20%) as a seed husk extract was obtained.

Similarly, extracts from the trunk, fruit cluster, and mesocarp of oil palm (collection location: Chonburi, Thailand, variety: Elaeis guineensis-Tenera, age: 10 years, provided by Suksomboom Palm Oil) Each powder was obtained.

[Experiment Example 2: Dyeing of silk fabric with oil palm extract dye]
In this example, we investigated which part of the oil palm extract is better as a dye.

(Preparation of silk fabric)
Silk fabric (Shirosensha, Habutae, 14 momme) was washed with a 0.50 wt% Marcel soap aqueous solution at a bath ratio of 1:100 and a temperature of 30°C for 3 minutes, then rinsed with distilled water and dried. . This was used as the object to be dyed. In the following experimental examples as well, washed and dried silk fabrics were used as objects to be dyed.

(Staining: Seed shell, stem, fruit bunch, and mesocarp extract staining)
2 g of the powdered seed husk extract obtained in Experimental Example 1 was mixed with 98 g of distilled water and stirred well to prepare a staining solution.
Similarly, 2 g of each powder of the stem, fruit cluster, and mesocarp extracts obtained in Experimental Example 1 was mixed with 98 g of distilled water to prepare each staining solution.

The prepared silk fabric was immersed in each dyeing solution at a bath ratio of 1:100 and shaken at a temperature of 50° C. for 180 minutes (shaking speed: 100 rpm). After this treatment, the silk fabric was washed in 50 mL of a 2.0 wt% Marcel soap aqueous solution at 40°C for 5 minutes, then rinsed twice with 100 mL of distilled water at 40°C for 5 minutes, and air-dried.

(result)
Silk fabrics were dyed with extracts from any of the seed shell, stem, fruit cluster, and mesocarp. Among these, oil palm seed husk extract makes silk fabric visually brown to orange (in L ^* a ^* b ^* color system, L ^* = 59.4, a ^* = 17.4, b ^* = 45.8 ) was found to have the highest stainability.
In the following examples, seed husk extracts were considered.

[Experimental Example 3: Dyeing of silk fabric with oil palm seed husk extract dye]
In this example, silk fabric was dyed using oil palm seed husk extract, and the relationship between dyeing conditions such as the amount of extract powder, dyeing time, and dyeing temperature, and dyeability was investigated.

(Staining I: Amount of seed husk extract powder and dyeability)
A predetermined mass [g] of the seed husk extract powder obtained in Experimental Example 1 was dissolved in distilled water to prepare eight types of staining solutions with varying amounts of the extract powder.

The amount of extract added to the staining solution is expressed by the mixing ratio x _f of the extract powder in the staining solution to water.
x _f =m _EP /m _W [g/g]
here,
m _EP : Mass of extract powder m _W : Represents mass of distilled water.

The prepared silk fabric was immersed in each dyeing solution at a bath ratio of 1:100 and shaken at a temperature of 60° C. for 180 minutes (shaking speed: 100 rpm). After this treatment, the silk fabric was washed in 50 mL of a 2.0 wt% Marcel soap aqueous solution at 40° C. for 5 minutes, then rinsed twice with 100 mL distilled water at 40° C. for 5 minutes, and air-dried.

The color of each dyed silk fabric sample was measured using a spectrophotometer (CM-2600d manufactured by Konica Minolta), and the brightness in the L ^* a ^* b ^* color system (CIE 1976): L ^* , chromaticity: a ^* , b ^* , and saturation: C ^* were calculated. Here, C ^* = [(a ^* ) ² + (b ^* ) ² ] ^1/2 .

In the L ^* a ^* b ^* color system, each physical quantity is
L ^* : (high) bright color, (low) dark color a ^* : (+) redness, (-) greenness b ^* : (+) yellowness, (-) blueness.

The above results are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
Figure 2 shows photographs and colorimetric values (L ^* a ^* b ^* table) of silk fabrics dyed at 60°C for 180 minutes by changing the mixing ratio _xf of seed husk extract powder to water in the dyeing solution. color system).
FIG. 3 is a tone diagram of silk fabrics dyed at 60° C. for 180 minutes while varying x _f . The horizontal axis represents saturation C ^* , and the vertical axis represents lightness L ^* .

When the mixing ratio _xf of the seed husk extract powder to water in the dyeing solution was increased, the color of the silk fabric changed from light brown to deep orange under 60°C dyeing conditions. When the mixing ratio reached x _f ≦0.0050, C ^* increased and L ^* decreased, but when x _f ≧0.010, both C ^* and L ^* increased. These changes suggest that the color was changed due to chemical changes in the dye substance during the dyeing process.

Therefore, an aqueous solution of seed husk extract powder with x _f = 0.010 was treated under two heating conditions: 40°C for 180 minutes and 60°C for 180 minutes, and its ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum was measured (self-recorded). Recording spectrophotometer, Hitachi U-3900H).

The results are shown in FIG.
Figure 4 shows x_f This is an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum when an aqueous solution of seed husk extract powder with a concentration of 0.010 was treated under two heating conditions: 40°C for 180 minutes or 60°C for 180 minutes. The horizontal axis is the absorption wavelength λ [nm] , and the vertical axis represents absorbance A.

From Figure 4, when heated at 40°C for 180 minutes, the absorbance increased in all wavelength ranges compared to the untreated case (denoted as before heating), and when heated at 60°C for 180 minutes, the absorbance increased from 430 to 500 nm. The absorbance in this range increased particularly greatly. This is because the structure of the conjugated system changes at the molecular level as a result of chemical changes (mainly oxidation reactions and multimer formation reactions) of pigments/dye components and their precursor substances due to heating, and the overall structure of the molecules that make up the pigment changes. It is presumed that this is due to changes in the composition and concentration of the pigment produced.

(Staining II: Staining time and stainability)
The staining solution of the seed husk extract powder with x _f =0.010 was used.
The prepared silk fabric was immersed in the dyeing solution at a bath ratio of 1:100 at a temperature of 60°C for each predetermined dyeing time t (30 minutes, 60 minutes, 120 minutes, 150 minutes, 180 minutes, 240 minutes, 300 minutes, 360 minutes) (shaking speed: 100 rpm). After this treatment, the silk fabric was washed in 50 mL of a 2.0 wt% Marcel soap aqueous solution at 40° C. for 5 minutes, then rinsed twice with 100 mL distilled water at 40° C. for 5 minutes, and air-dried.

The color of each dyed silk fabric sample was measured using a spectrophotometer (CM-2600d manufactured by Konica Minolta), and the brightness in the L ^* a ^* b ^* color system (CIE 1976): L ^* , chromaticity: a ^* , b ^* , and saturation: C ^* were calculated.

The above results are shown in FIG.
FIG. 5 is a color tone diagram of silk fabrics dyed using a dyeing solution of x _f =0.010 at 60° C. and varying the dyeing time. The horizontal axis represents saturation C ^* , and the vertical axis represents lightness L ^* .

From FIG. 5, as the staining time became longer, there was almost no change in C ^* , but L ^* decreased.

(Staining III: Dyeing temperature and dyeability)
The staining solution of the seed husk extract powder with x _f =0.010 was used.
The prepared silk fabric was immersed in the dyeing solution at a bath ratio of 1:100, and was shaken at each predetermined temperature (40°C, 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C) for 180 minutes (shaking Speed: 100 rpm). After this treatment, the silk fabric was washed in 50 mL of a 2.0 wt% Marcel soap aqueous solution at 40° C. for 5 minutes, then rinsed twice with 100 mL distilled water at 40° C. for 5 minutes, and air-dried.

The color of each dyed silk fabric sample was measured using a spectrophotometer (CM-2600d manufactured by Konica Minolta), and the brightness in the L ^* a ^* b ^* color system (CIE 1976): L ^* , chromaticity: a ^* , b ^* , and saturation: C ^* were calculated.

The above results are shown in FIG.
FIG. 6 is a color tone diagram of silk fabrics dyed for 180 minutes using a dyeing solution with x _f =0.010 and varying temperature conditions. The horizontal axis represents saturation C ^* , and the vertical axis represents lightness L ^* .

From FIG. 6, there was a tendency for L ^* to decrease considerably as the dyeing temperature increased. Regarding C ^* , when the temperature rose from 40°C to 50°C, the color became darker and the saturation increased, and the value increased, but when the temperature rose from 50°C, the color became even darker. The color became dull and decreased.

From the above, it was found that changing the dyeing conditions such as the amount of extract powder, dyeing time, and dyeing temperature changes the color of the dyed fabric. It can be said that the dyeing temperature has a large influence on the dyeability.

[Experimental Example 4: Mordant dyeing of oil palm seed husk extract dye on silk fabric]
In this example, the dyeability of silk fabric when mordanted with an aqueous solution of each metal compound using an oil palm seed husk extract was investigated.

(Metal ions)
The following metal ion solution was used as a mordant.
Fe ²⁺ : 0.10 molL ^-1 aqueous solution of FeCl ₂ Cu ²⁺ : 0.10 molL ^-1 aqueous solution of CuCl ₂ Al ³⁺ : 0.10 molL ^-1 aqueous solution of AlCl ₃ V ⁴⁺ : 0 .10 molL ^-1 aqueous solution of VOSO ₄

(Dyeing IV: Metal pretreatment and dyeability)
The staining solution of the seed husk extract powder with x _f =0.010 was used.
The prepared silk fabric was immersed in each of the metal ion solutions described above at a bath ratio of 1:100 and shaken at 50° C. for 60 minutes (shaking speed: 100 rpm). After this treatment, the silk fabric was air dried.

The metal-pretreated silk fabric was shaken in the dyeing solution at a bath ratio of 1:100 at 60° C. for 180 minutes (shaking speed: 100 rpm). After this treatment, the silk fabric was washed in 50 mL of a 2.0 wt% Marcel soap aqueous solution at 40° C. for 5 minutes, then rinsed twice with 100 mL distilled water at 40° C. for 5 minutes, and air-dried.

(Dyeing V: Metal post-treatment and dyeability)
The staining solution of the seed husk extract powder with x _f =0.010 was used.
The prepared silk fabric was immersed in the dyeing solution at a bath ratio of 1:100 and shaken at 60° C. for 180 minutes (shaking speed: 100 rpm). After this treatment, the silk fabric was air dried.

The dyed silk fabric was shaken in each of the above metal ion solutions at a bath ratio of 1:100 at 50° C. for 60 minutes (shaking speed: 100 rpm). After this treatment, the silk fabric was washed in 50 mL of a 2.0 wt% Marcel soap aqueous solution at 40° C. for 5 minutes, then rinsed twice with 100 mL distilled water at 40° C. for 5 minutes, and air-dried.

The color of each mordant-dyed silk fabric sample was measured using a spectrophotometer (CM-2600d manufactured by Konica Minolta), and the brightness in the L ^* a ^* b ^* color system (CIE 1976): L ^* , chromaticity: a ^* , b ^* , and color difference ΔE ^* were calculated.
ΔE ^* = (ΔL ^*2 + Δa ^*2 + Δb ^*2 ) ^1/2
ΔL ^* : Difference in L ^* before and after staining Δa ^* : Difference in a ^* before and after staining Δb ^* : Difference in b ^* before and after staining

The above results are shown in FIG.
FIG. 7 shows a photograph of a silk fabric subjected to metal treatment dyeing using a dyeing solution of x _f =0.010 and colorimetric values in the L ^* a ^* b ^* ) color system.

From Figure 7, compared to the case without metal treatment (denoted as untreated), when metal treatment is applied, the color of the dyed silk fabric becomes darker with iron, copper, and vanadium, and in particular, with iron, it becomes almost black. I understand. Furthermore, the color became darker in the metal post-treatment than in the metal pre-treatment. From these results, it can be said that the color obtained by dyeing with oil palm seed husk extract can be controlled to a deep color by combining it with metal treatment. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a desired color depending on the use of the dyed product.

[Experiment Example 5: Dyeing of natural fibers other than silk fabric with oil palm seed husk extract dye]
In this example, oil palm seed husk extract was used to dye natural fibers other than silk (cotton, linen, wool), and the dyeability of each fiber was examined.

(Preparation of each fabric)
The following cotton, linen, and wool fabrics were used.
Cotton: Irozomesha, Broad, Mercerized Hemp: Irozomesha, Ramie, Broad Wool: Irozomesha, Tropical

Each fabric was washed with a 0.50 wt % Marcel soap aqueous solution at a bath ratio of 1:100 and a temperature of 30° C. for 3 minutes, and then rinsed with distilled water and dried. This was used as the object to be dyed.

(Dyeing VI: Dyeing of cotton, linen, and wool)
The staining solution of the seed husk extract powder with x _f =0.010 was used.
Each of the prepared fabrics was immersed in the dyeing solution at a bath ratio of 1:100 and shaken at a temperature of 60° C. for 180 minutes (shaking speed: 100 rpm). After this treatment, each fabric was washed in 50 mL of a 2.0 wt% Marcel soap aqueous solution at 40°C for 5 minutes, then rinsed twice with 100 mL of distilled water at 40°C for 5 minutes, and air-dried.

The color of each dyed fabric sample was measured using a spectrophotometer (CM-2600d manufactured by Konica Minolta), and the lightness in the L ^* a ^* b ^* color system (CIE 1976): L ^* , chromaticity: a ^* , b ^* , and color difference ΔE ^* were calculated.

The above results are shown in FIG.
FIG. 8 shows photographs of each natural fiber fabric when dyed at 60° C. for 180 minutes using a dyeing solution of x _f =0.010 and colorimetric values in the L ^* a ^* b ^* color system.

From FIG. 8, it was confirmed that the cotton, linen, and wool fabrics were dyed.

[Experiment Example 6: Dyeing of synthetic fibers with oil palm seed husk extract dye]
In this example, synthetic fibers (acrylic, polyester, nylon) were dyed using oil palm seed husk extract, and the dyeability of each fiber was examined.

(Preparation of each fabric)
The following acrylic, polyester, and nylon fabrics were used.
Acrylic: Irozomesha, Muslin Polyester: Irozomesha, Taffeta Nylon: Irozomesha, Nylon 6, Taffeta

Each fabric was washed with a 0.50 wt % Marcel soap aqueous solution at a bath ratio of 1:100 and a temperature of 30° C. for 3 minutes, and then rinsed with distilled water and dried. This was used as the object to be dyed.

(Dyeing VII: Dyeing of synthetic fibers)
The staining solution of the seed husk extract powder with x _f =0.010 was used.
Each of the prepared fabrics was immersed in the dyeing solution at a bath ratio of 1:100 and shaken at a temperature of 60° C. for 180 minutes (shaking speed: 100 rpm). After this treatment, each fabric was washed in 50 mL of a 2.0 wt% Marcel soap aqueous solution at 40°C for 5 minutes, then rinsed twice with 100 mL of distilled water at 40°C for 5 minutes, and air-dried.

The color of each dyed fabric sample was measured using a spectrophotometer (CM-2600d manufactured by Konica Minolta), and the lightness in the L ^* a ^* b ^* color system (CIE 1976): L ^* , chromaticity: a ^* , b ^* , and color difference ΔE ^* were calculated.

The above results are shown in FIG.
FIG. 9 shows photographs of each synthetic fiber fabric and colorimetric values in the L ^* a ^* b ^* color system when dyed at 60° C. for 180 minutes using a dyeing solution of x _f =0.010.

From FIG. 9, it was found that acrylic and polyester were not dyed by the seed shell extract. This is because there is no interaction between the dye component molecules and the acrylic or polyester synthetic fibers, so they are not adsorbed onto the fibers. On the other hand, good dyeing results were obtained with nylon. In nylon, it is presumed that adsorption occurs due to interaction of electrolyte functional groups and amide bonds present in small amounts in nylon molecules with dye molecules.

[Experiment Example 7: Washing fastness test of oil palm seed husk extract dye]
In this example, washing fastness testing of silk fabrics dyed with oil palm seed husk extract was conducted.

(Staining VIII: Staining with oil palm seed husk extract dye)
The same staining solution of the seed husk extract powder with x _f =0.010 as in Experimental Example 2 was used.
The prepared silk fabric was immersed in the dyeing solution at a bath ratio of 1:100 and shaken at a temperature of 60° C. for 180 minutes (shaking speed: 100 rpm). After this treatment, the silk fabric was washed in 50 mL of a 2.0 wt% Marcel soap aqueous solution at 40°C for 5 minutes, then rinsed twice with 100 mL of distilled water at 40°C for 5 minutes, and air-dried.

The color of the dyed silk fabric sample was measured with a spectrophotometer (CM-2600d manufactured by Konica Minolta), and the brightness in the L ^* a ^* b ^* color system (CIE 1976): L ^* , chromaticity: a ^* , b ^* , and saturation: C ^* were calculated. Let n be the number of washing operations. Immediately after washing after dyeing (number of washes n=0), L ^* = 46.1, a ^* = 21.7, b ^* = 37.2.

(Washing fastness test)
The dyed silk fabric sample was washed in 50 mL of a 2.0 wt% Marcel soap aqueous solution at 40°C for 5 minutes, and then rinsed twice with 100 mL of distilled water at 40°C for 5 minutes to make the silk fabric natural. Dry. This washing operation was repeated. The color of the sample was measured after each washing operation, where n was the number of washing operations, and the color difference ΔE ^* between the numerical value of the L ^* a ^* b ^* color system and the color of n=0 was calculated.

The above results are shown in FIG.
Figure 10 shows photographs of the sample and measurements in the L ^* a ^* b ^* color system for the number of washings n regarding the washing fastness test of silk fabric when dyed using a dyeing solution of x _f = 0.010. Indicates color value.

[Comparative Experiment Example 1: Washing fastness of betel nut extract dye]
In this example, for comparison with Experimental Example 7, a washing fastness test was carried out on a silk fabric dyed using betel nut, a dye from betel nut (A. catechu) of the Areca genus in the Arecaceae family. Ta.

(Preparation of comparative dyeing material)
Betel nut (Tanaka Nakushiten 135-708-40) was ground into powder using a high-speed mill. 250 g of the obtained powder was extracted with 2.25 L of boiling water using a Soxhlet extractor (boiling temperature: 100°C, extraction time: 14 hours). The obtained extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator, and then dried under reduced pressure and powdered.

(Comparative staining: staining with betel nut dye)
1.0 g of the obtained areca nut extract powder was added to 100 g of distilled water to prepare a comparative staining solution with x _f =0.010.
The prepared silk fabric was immersed in the comparative dyeing solution at a bath ratio of 1:100 and shaken at a temperature of 60° C. for 180 minutes (shaking speed: 100 rpm). After this treatment, the silk fabric was washed in 50 mL of a 2.0 wt% Marcel soap aqueous solution at 40° C. for 5 minutes, then rinsed twice with 100 mL distilled water at 40° C. for 5 minutes, and air-dried.

The color of the dyed silk fabric sample was measured using a spectrophotometer (CM-2600d manufactured by Konica Minolta), and the brightness in the L ^* a ^* b ^* color system (CIE 1976): L ^* , chromaticity: a ^* , b ^* , and saturation: C ^* were calculated. Immediately after washing after dyeing (number of washes n=0), L ^* = 60.4, a ^* = 20.6, b ^* = 19.1.

(Washing fastness test)
In the same manner as in Experimental Example 7 above, a silk fabric sample dyed with betel nut was washed and air-dried. This washing operation was repeated. The color of the sample was measured after each washing operation, where n was the number of washing operations, and the color difference ΔE ^* between the numerical value of the L ^* a ^* b ^* color system and the color of n=0 was calculated.

[Comparison of washing fastness between oil palm seed husk extract dye and areca nut extract dye]
The washing fastness of the oil palm seed husk extract dye of Experimental Example 7 and the areca nut extract dye of Comparative Experimental Example 1 is compared.

FIG. 11 is a graph showing the contrast of changes in brightness and chromaticity of silk fabrics dyed with oil palm seed husk extract dye or areca nut extract dye depending on the number of washings n. FIG. 11(a) is a graph regarding L ^* , where the horizontal axis represents the number of washes n, and the vertical axis represents L ^* . FIG. 11(b) is a graph regarding a ^* , where the horizontal axis represents the number of washes n, and the vertical axis represents a ^* . FIG. 11(c) is a graph regarding b ^* , where the horizontal axis represents the number of washings n, and the vertical axis represents b ^* .

FIG. 12 is a graph of the color difference ΔE ^* between the color of a silk fabric dyed with oil palm seed husk extract dye or areca nut extract dye after washing n times and the color of the sample where n=0, and the horizontal axis is It represents the number of washings n, and the vertical axis represents ΔE ^* .

Figure 13 shows [1] silk fabric dyed with oil palm seed husk extract dye, [2] silk fabric dyed with areca nut extract dye, and [3] carbonic acid fabric at pH=11 after dyeing with oil palm seed husk extract dye. Regarding the color difference ΔE ^* between the color of a silk fabric treated with an aqueous sodium solution (bath ratio: 1:100, treatment temperature: 40°C, treatment time: 120 minutes) after washing n times and the color of the sample with n = 0 This is a graph, where the horizontal axis represents the number of washings n, and the vertical axis represents ΔE ^* .

Silk fabric dyed with oil palm seed husk extract (OPKSE) becomes darker as it is washed (Figure 13), and what is the normal behavior of fabrics dyed with dyes that are used in practical use to fade when washed? showed different behavior. As the number of washing operations n increased, L ^* decreased (FIG. 11(a)).

Even for silk fabrics dyed with betel nut extract (BNE), L ^* gradually decreased with the number of washing operations n (Figure 11(a)), and color changes, not fading, were observed due to washing (Figure 11 (a)-(c)).

As the number of washes increased, the redness increased very slightly in the BNE dye system. In the OPKSE staining system, the color became deep, and the saturation of the reddish component was greatly reduced (FIG. 11(b)). When the number of washing operations was up to 27 times (n≦27), it was observed that the color change of the OPKSE-dyed silk fabric due to washing was greater than the color change of the BNE dyeing system. In L ^* , the OPKSE staining system was greatly reduced (FIG. 11(a)). In a ^* , while it did not change much with the BNE staining system, it significantly decreased with the OPKSE staining system (FIG. 11(b)). For b ^* , there was a slight decrease in the BNE staining system, and a large decrease in the OPKSE staining system (FIG. 11(c)).

As described above, the color difference ΔE ^* represents the difference between the color of the fabric sample after washing immediately after dyeing (this is the number of washings n=0) and the color after each wash. It was confirmed that the increase in ΔE ^* of the OPKSE staining system was greater than that of the BNE staining system (FIG. 12).

These results indicate that the OPKSE adsorbed on the silk fabric contained a substance that changed into a pigment during the washing process and darkened the dyed fabric. This component is predicted to be a compound having a large number of phenolic hydroxyl groups (catechins, pyrogallol compounds, etc.). These substances, commonly called polyphenol compounds, exhibit reducing properties and are oxidized to become quinone substances with ortho-ketone groups, which are pigmented. In addition, quinone substances having an ortho-ketone group react with other polyphenol compounds to form dimers, trimers or higher polymers, and function as pigments. The oxidation reaction of such polyphenol compounds is promoted under basic conditions. Since the Marcel soap aqueous solution used in this test procedure is basic, it is thought that an oxidation reaction progressed during the washing process and dye was produced in the fabric, resulting in the darkening of the fabric. A part of this dye component or dye precursor was not completely stabilized on the adsorbed silk fabric even at the end of the dyeing process under the main dyeing conditions, and showed further reducing properties and proceeded with the oxidation reaction. I understand.

On the other hand, it can be seen that the BNE adsorbed on the silk fabric also contained a substance (reducing substance) that changed into a pigment during the washing process and darkened the dyed fabric. However, the amount of residual reducing substances was greater in the OPKSE dyed product than in the BNE dyed product, and it was observed that the OPKSE dyed product had a greater dark color change upon washing.

At the time of n=27, the ΔE ^* of the OPKSE staining system was 28.1, which was evaluated as inferior to grade 1 in the color difference evaluation of the fading gray scale, and the ΔE ^* of the BNE staining system was 12.2, which was approximately grade 1. Evaluated. When the color change of the OPKSE staining system at the time of n=27 was evaluated based on the color difference of the contamination gray scale, it was evaluated as inferior to grade 1, and the BNE staining system was evaluated as grade 2 to 3.

As shown in Figure 13, when treated with a sodium carbonate aqueous solution at pH=11 after staining with OPKSE (bath ratio: 1:100, treatment temperature: 40°C, treatment time: 120 minutes), no treatment with a sodium carbonate aqueous solution was performed. Compared to the case of , the color change of the silk fabric after washing was suppressed and the increase in ΔE ^* was smaller. The increase in ΔE ^* in this case was close to the change in ΔE ^* for the BNE system.

Figure 14 shows [1] Silk fabric dyed with OPKSE, [3] Silk fabric dyed with OPKSE and treated with an aqueous sodium carbonate solution at pH = 11 (bath ratio: 1:100, treatment temperature: 40°C, treatment time: 120 minutes). Silk fabric, [4] Silk fabric dyed with OPKSE and treated with 1.0 wt% sodium percarbonate aqueous solution (bath ratio: 1:50, treatment temperature: 40°C, treatment time: 60 minutes) after n times washing This is a graph regarding the color difference ΔE ^* between the color of the sample and the color of the sample with n=0, where the horizontal axis represents the number of washings n, and the vertical axis represents ΔE ^* .

As shown in Figure 14, when treated with an aqueous sodium percarbonate solution after dyeing with OPKSE, the color change after washing of the silk fabric was suppressed even more than when treated with an aqueous sodium carbonate solution, and the increase in ΔE ^* was minimal. Became. At n=7, ΔE ^* =1.31.

As mentioned above, oil palm seed husk extract dyes contain reducing substances as dye molecules and their precursor molecules, and when these substances are oxidized, they have the effect of stabilizing the dye and/or deepening the color. was recognized. It has also become clear that the degree of darkening can be adjusted by alkali treatment after dyeing. In the field of dyeing, there are various needs for dyes extracted from plants of the genus Oil Palm.

Claims (14)

A dyed processed material containing an extract from the seed shell of a plant of the genus Elaeis, belonging to the Arecaceae family. The oil palm (Elaeis) genus plant is selected from the group consisting of Guinea oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), American oil palm (Elaeis oleifera), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), and coconut palm (Cocos nucifera). Dyeing process according to claim 1 material. A method for producing a dyed material from a plant of the genus Elaeis of the family Arecaceae, comprising:
A step of obtaining a crushed product by crushing at least one part selected from the group consisting of the seed shell, mesocarp, fruit bunch, stem, and leaf of a plant of the genus Elaeis of the family Arecaceae;
mixing the pulverized material with an extraction solvent selected from the group consisting of water, a polar organic solvent, and a mixed solvent thereof to extract the dye component;
a step of concentrating the extracted dye component;
A method for producing dyed processed materials, including: The method for producing a dyed material according to claim 3 , wherein the polar organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and acetone. Before the step of obtaining the pulverized material,
The dyed material according to claim 3 or 4 , comprising the step of drying at least one part selected from the group consisting of the seed shell, mesocarp, fruit cluster, stem, and leaf of the plant of the genus Elaeis. Production method. After the step of concentrating the dye component, further:
The method for producing a dyed material according to any one of claims 3 to 5 , comprising a step of drying the concentrate. A dyeing method comprising the step of dyeing an object to be dyed using the dyeing material according to claim 1 or 2 . 8. The dyeing method according to claim 7 , wherein the step of dyeing includes a step of immersing the object to be dyed in a dyeing solution containing the dyeing material. Before the immersion step, simultaneously with the immersion step, or after the immersion step,
The dyeing method according to claim 8 , comprising the step of treating the object to be dyed with an aqueous solution containing metal ions. The dyeing method according to claim 9 , wherein the metal ion is an ion of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, copper, aluminum, tin, and titanium. 8. The dyeing method according to claim 7 , wherein the step of dyeing includes a step of printing a dyeing liquid containing the dyeing processing material and an auxiliary agent on the object to be dyed. The staining method according to claim 11 , wherein the staining solution further contains or does not contain metal ions. The dyeing method according to claim 12 , wherein the metal ion is an ion of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, vanadium, copper, aluminum, tin, and titanium. A dyed product dyed with the dyed material according to claim 1 or 2 .