JP7459848B2 - ガス拡散型電解フローセル用のカソード電極、及びガス拡散型電解フローセル - Google Patents
ガス拡散型電解フローセル用のカソード電極、及びガス拡散型電解フローセル Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7459848B2 JP7459848B2 JP2021121815A JP2021121815A JP7459848B2 JP 7459848 B2 JP7459848 B2 JP 7459848B2 JP 2021121815 A JP2021121815 A JP 2021121815A JP 2021121815 A JP2021121815 A JP 2021121815A JP 7459848 B2 JP7459848 B2 JP 7459848B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- gas diffusion
- carbon dioxide
- cathode electrode
- flow cell
- anode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
- C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
- C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
- C25B11/031—Porous electrodes
- C25B11/032—Gas diffusion electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/052—Electrodes comprising one or more electrocatalytic coatings on a substrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
- C25B11/095—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds at least one of the compounds being organic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/20—Processes
- C25B3/25—Reduction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/20—Processes
- C25B3/25—Reduction
- C25B3/26—Reduction of carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/23—Carbon monoxide or syngas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/01—Products
- C25B3/03—Acyclic or carbocyclic hydrocarbons
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Description
2H2O → 4H++O2+4e- ・・・(1)
CO2+2H++2e- → CO+H2O ・・・(2)
2H++2e- → H2 ・・・(3)
2CO2+2H2O+4e- → 2CO+4OH- ・・・(4)
2H2O+2e- → H2+2OH- ・・・(5)
4OH- → 2H2O+O2+4e- ・・・(6)
[カソード電極]
上記式(1)の化学構造を有するコバルトフタロシアニン錯体触媒(cobalt-tetrapyridino-porphyrazine、以下Co(PyPc)と称する)1mgを、カーボン材料(VULCAN(登録商標)XC-72)30mgと混合した後、ジメチルフォルムアミド溶液中で超音波分散を行った。その後、その溶液を一晩撹拌した後に、ろ過を行い、Co(PyPc)を担持したカーボン材料を作製した(以後、Co(PyPc)/Cと称する)。Co(PyPc)/C10mgと、アルカリ金属塩であるカリウムトリフレート塩(以下、KOtfと称する)5mgをエタノール/Nafion混合溶液に分散し、その溶液300μLを、ガス拡散層として用いた1.13cm2のマイクロポーラス層付カーボンペーパー(Avcarb社製、GDS3250)の上に塗布し、60℃で乾燥した。
50mMのFeCl3水溶液に、発泡ニッケルを浸漬させた後、マッフル炉で空気中300℃で加熱することにより、ニッケルフォームにFeを担持した。その後、1MのKOH水溶液で1時間電解した後、1.13cm3に切り取った。これをアノード電極とした。
陰イオン伝導性樹脂(Sustainion(登録商標) X37-50 Grade)を、アノード電極とカソード電極とで挟持した。カソード電極は、Co(PyPc)が陰イオン伝導性樹脂に接触するように配置した。この膜/電極接合体を、ガス流路が形成されたステンレス製のカソードガス集電板とアノード溶液流路が形成されたチタン製のアノード集電板とで挟持した。カソード集電板及びアノード集電板は、ガス流路及びアノード溶液流路が膜/電極接合体に接するように配置した。これをガス拡散型電解フローセルとした。
上記ガス拡散型電解フローセルを用いて、二酸化炭素電解を行った。具体的には、ガス流路に二酸化炭素ガスを100mL/min、アノード溶液流路に1Mの水酸化カリウム水溶液を100mL/minの流速で供給し、ポテンショスタットを2極方式でアノード側及びカソード側に接続し、定電流電解を行い、二酸化炭素電解を行った。二酸化炭素電解は、電流密度を10、50、若しくは100mA/cm2に設定し、電圧-時間を測定した。
Co(PyPc)に代えて、上記式(2)の化学構造を有するコバルトフタロシアニン錯体触媒(cobalt phthalocyanine、以下Co(Pc))を用いたこと、アノード電極として発泡ニッケルを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に試験した。
KOtfに代えて、ナトリウムトリフレート塩(以下、NaOtfと称する)を用いたこと、電流密度50mA/cm2で定電流電解を行ったこと以外は、実施例1と同様に試験した。
KOtfに代えて、ノナフルオロブタン酸カリウム(K(C4F9SO3))を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして試験した。
[カソード電極]
上記式(3)の化学構造を有する錯体触媒[Mn{4,4’-di(1H-pyrrolyl-3-propyl carbonate)-2,2’-bipyridine}(CO)3(CH3CN)](PF6)11.6mg(14.7mmol)を、1.58mLのアセトニトリルに溶解させ、そこに0.5vol%ピロールアセトニトリル溶液33μL、0.2MFeCl3エタノール溶液154μLを加え、金属錯体ポリマー溶液を調製した。この溶液に、カーボン材料(VULCAN(登録商標)XC-72)16.5mNafion117アルコール-水混合溶液(Aldrich社製)68.8μL、KOtf5mgを加えた後、超音波分散を行った。この懸濁液を、ガス拡散層として用いた1.13cm2のマイクロポーラス層付カーボンペーパー(Avcarb社製、GDS3250)の上に、41μL滴下し、60℃で乾燥させる操作を10回繰り返した。そして、12時間以上暗所下で静置した後、水で洗浄した。
KOtfを使用しなかったこと以外は実施例1と同様にカソード電極を作製し、実施例1と同様に試験した。
Co(PyPc)を使用しなかったこと以外は実施例1と同様にカソード電極を作製したこと、セル電圧を-1.9Vに設定したこと以外は、実施例1と同様に試験した。
KOtfを使用しなかったこと以外は、実施例2と同様に試験した。
KOtfを使用しなかったこと以外は、実施例5と同様に試験した。
Claims (4)
- 二酸化炭素を還元して二酸化炭素還元生成物を生成するガス拡散型電解フローセル用のカソード電極であって、
金属錯体触媒と、カーボン材料と、アルカリ金属塩と、を有する触媒層と、前記触媒層上に配置されるガス拡散層と、を備えることを特徴とするガス拡散型電解フローセル用のカソード電極。 - 前記アルカリ金属塩は、カリウム塩を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガス拡散型電解フローセル用のカソード電極。
- 水又は水酸化物イオンを酸化して酸素を生成するアノード電極と、二酸化炭素を還元して二酸化炭素還元生成物を生成するカソード電極と、前記アノード電極と前記カソード電極により挟持されるイオン伝導性ポリマー膜と、を備えるガス拡散型電解フローセルであって、
前記カソード電極は、前記イオン伝導性ポリマー膜側から順に、触媒層と、ガス拡散層とを備え、
前記触媒層は、金属錯体触媒と、カーボン材料と、アルカリ金属塩と、を有することを特徴とするガス拡散型電解フローセル。 - 前記アルカリ金属塩は、カリウム塩を含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載のガス拡散型電解フローセル。
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2021121815A JP7459848B2 (ja) | 2021-07-26 | 2021-07-26 | ガス拡散型電解フローセル用のカソード電極、及びガス拡散型電解フローセル |
| US17/869,020 US20230027171A1 (en) | 2021-07-26 | 2022-07-20 | Cathode electrode for gas diffusion electrolytic flow cell, and gas diffusion electrolytic flow cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2021121815A JP7459848B2 (ja) | 2021-07-26 | 2021-07-26 | ガス拡散型電解フローセル用のカソード電極、及びガス拡散型電解フローセル |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2023017501A JP2023017501A (ja) | 2023-02-07 |
| JP7459848B2 true JP7459848B2 (ja) | 2024-04-02 |
Family
ID=84975932
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2021121815A Active JP7459848B2 (ja) | 2021-07-26 | 2021-07-26 | ガス拡散型電解フローセル用のカソード電極、及びガス拡散型電解フローセル |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20230027171A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP7459848B2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20240052116A1 (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2024-02-15 | Dioxycle | Electrolysis using membrane with acrylamide moiety |
| JP2024117064A (ja) * | 2023-02-16 | 2024-08-28 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 電気化学反応器、カソード触媒の製造方法及び分散液 |
| GB202303796D0 (en) * | 2023-03-15 | 2023-04-26 | Univ Liverpool | Electrochemical cells for the reduction of carbon dioxide |
| CN116640247B (zh) * | 2023-05-29 | 2024-11-26 | 上海交通大学 | 一种薁基金属酞菁聚合物的制备方法及其应用 |
| KR20250014059A (ko) * | 2023-07-19 | 2025-02-03 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 니켈-철 이원자 금속을 포함하는 전기화학적 하이브리드 촉매 및 이를 이용한 이산화탄소 전환 시스템 |
| CN117966181A (zh) * | 2024-01-31 | 2024-05-03 | 华东理工大学 | 一种阴阳两极无膜电解共制甲酸系统 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007070645A (ja) | 2005-09-02 | 2007-03-22 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | ガス拡散電極の製造方法 |
| JP2018510262A (ja) | 2015-02-09 | 2018-04-12 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフトSiemens Aktiengesellschaft | 二酸化炭素の電気化学的利用のための還元方法及び電気分解システム |
| US20200248324A1 (en) | 2019-01-31 | 2020-08-06 | Dimartech Fabrication Inc. | Metal-carbon nanostructures and method of manufacturing thereof |
| CN111841641A (zh) | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-30 | 浙江大学 | 氮杂环卡宾修饰镍铱双原子碳基催化剂的制备方法及应用 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01205088A (ja) * | 1988-02-10 | 1989-08-17 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | 二酸化炭素の電解還元方法 |
| US20230416933A1 (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2023-12-28 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Carbon Dioxide Gas Phase Reduction Apparatus and Method for Manufacturing a Porous Reducing Electrode-Supported Electrolyte Membrane |
-
2021
- 2021-07-26 JP JP2021121815A patent/JP7459848B2/ja active Active
-
2022
- 2022-07-20 US US17/869,020 patent/US20230027171A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007070645A (ja) | 2005-09-02 | 2007-03-22 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | ガス拡散電極の製造方法 |
| JP2018510262A (ja) | 2015-02-09 | 2018-04-12 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフトSiemens Aktiengesellschaft | 二酸化炭素の電気化学的利用のための還元方法及び電気分解システム |
| US20200248324A1 (en) | 2019-01-31 | 2020-08-06 | Dimartech Fabrication Inc. | Metal-carbon nanostructures and method of manufacturing thereof |
| CN111841641A (zh) | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-30 | 浙江大学 | 氮杂环卡宾修饰镍铱双原子碳基催化剂的制备方法及应用 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20230027171A1 (en) | 2023-01-26 |
| JP2023017501A (ja) | 2023-02-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP7459848B2 (ja) | ガス拡散型電解フローセル用のカソード電極、及びガス拡散型電解フローセル | |
| Ju et al. | Unraveling mechanistic reaction pathways of the electrochemical CO2 reduction on Fe–N–C single-site catalysts | |
| Arshad et al. | Recent advances in electrocatalysts toward alcohol-assisted, energy-saving hydrogen production | |
| Zhu et al. | Electrocatalytic conversion of biomass-derived furan compounds: mechanisms, catalysts and perspectives | |
| Wang et al. | Gas phase electrochemical conversion of humidified CO2 to CO and H2 on proton-exchange and alkaline anion-exchange membrane fuel cell reactors | |
| Lee et al. | Coordination environment in single‐atom catalysts for high‐performance electrocatalytic CO2 reduction | |
| JP7501316B2 (ja) | 二酸化炭素還元装置、及び人工光合成装置 | |
| Yu et al. | Acidic conditions for efficient carbon dioxide electroreduction in flow and MEA cells | |
| Baltrusaitis et al. | Renewable energy based catalytic CH 4 conversion to fuels | |
| He et al. | Advances in electrolyzer design and development for electrochemical CO2 reduction | |
| KR20140009195A (ko) | 폴리옥소메탈레이트와 바나듐(iv)-화합물을 포함하는 캐소드액을 구비한 재생 연료 전지 | |
| Kaliyaperumal et al. | Recent progress and perspective of the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to alcohols | |
| Hu et al. | Mechanistic insights into C–C coupling in electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction reaction | |
| Ma et al. | Electrochemical reduction of CO2 in proton exchange membrane reactor: the function of buffer layer | |
| Sanlı | A possible future fuel cell: the peroxide/peroxide fuel cell | |
| Wang et al. | Microenvironment and nanoreactor engineering of single-site metal catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction | |
| dos Reis et al. | Revisiting electrocatalytic CO2 reduction in nonaqueous media: promoting CO2 recycling in organic molecules by controlling H2 evolution | |
| Samanta et al. | Review and perspective of Nickel and its derived catalysts for different Electrochemical synthesis reactions in Alkaline Media for Hydrogen Production | |
| Dong et al. | Recent advances in glycerol valorization through electrocatalytic methods: H.-H. Dong et al. | |
| Huo et al. | Electrodeposition of Ni on MWNTs as a promising catalyst for CO2RR | |
| Khalil et al. | Recent advancements in catalytic CO 2 conversion to methanol: strategies, innovations, and future directions | |
| Wang et al. | Design Principles of Metal Phthalocyanine for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: from Targeted Molecular Structures to Atomic‐Level Active Sites | |
| WO2015069352A1 (en) | Non-faradaic electrochemical promotion of catalytic methane reforming for methanol production | |
| Hong et al. | Hydrogen storage as liquid solar fuels | |
| Zia et al. | Earth-Abundant Metal Catalysts for Sustainable CO 2 Reduction: A Review of Strategies and Progress |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20221124 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20221124 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20230925 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20231003 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20240220 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20240304 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 7459848 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |