JP7466364B2 - How to get bricks - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for extracting bricks.

The following Patent Document 1 shows a method for repairing the wall bricks of a coke oven carbonization chamber. In this repair method, a separately manufactured support brick is fitted into the area where the bricks at the repair location have been destroyed and removed.

JP 2003-231885 A

In the method of repairing coke oven carbonization chamber wall bricks described in Patent Document 1, new supporting bricks are fitted into the repaired areas, making the repaired areas conspicuous. When repairing bricks in buildings of high historical value or buildings located in areas with high levels of human traffic, it is preferable to make the repaired areas less conspicuous.

One way to make repaired bricks less noticeable is to use bricks made in a similar period to the bricks being repaired. With this method, when taking bricks from existing buildings, it is preferable to reduce the number of damaged bricks as much as possible, i.e. to take as many as possible.

Taking the above facts into consideration, the present invention aims to provide a brick harvesting method that can extract bricks from structures with a high yield.

The brick harvesting method of claim 1 is a brick harvesting method for extracting bricks from a wall of a building constructed by stacking bricks, in which a portion of the bricks constituting the wall are removed, and bricks adjacent laterally to the space from which the bricks were removed are chipped from the space and laterally.

In the brick harvesting method of claim 1, some of the bricks arranged on the surface of the structure's framework are removed to form a space. Then, the bricks adjacent to this space in the horizontal direction are chipped off from the side. This makes it easier to harvest the bricks while still retaining their original condition, compared to chipping off the bricks from the surface of the framework. In other words, it is easier to remove the bricks in a reusable state. Therefore, the bricks can be harvested with a good yield rate.

The brick harvesting method of claim 2 is the brick harvesting method of claim 1, in which bricks adjacent in the vertical direction to the space expanded by removing the horizontally adjacent bricks are chipped from the space from above and below.

In the brick harvesting method of claim 2, bricks adjacent in the vertical direction to the space expanded after horizontally adjacent bricks are removed are chipped from the expanded space. This makes the work easier than chipping bricks adjacent in the vertical direction without expanding the space. This allows the bricks to be harvested with a good yield rate.

The brick harvesting method of claim 3 is the brick harvesting method of claim 1 or claim 2, in which a cut is made in the joints of the bricks from the front side, and the bricks are chipped off.

In the brick harvesting method of claim 3, the bricks are chipped off after making cuts in the joints of the bricks from the front side. This makes it easier to chip off the bricks. This allows the bricks to be harvested with a good yield.
The brick harvesting method of claim 4 is the brick harvesting method of any one of claims 1 to 3, in which a tool is inserted laterally into the bottom surfaces of the laterally adjacent bricks to chip off the laterally adjacent bricks.

This invention allows bricks to be extracted from structures with a high yield.

1A is a perspective view partially showing a wall to which a brick harvesting method according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied, and FIG. 1B is a perspective view showing bricks that constitute the wall. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing a wall body to which a brick harvesting method according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied; 1A is an elevation view showing an example of a brick harvesting order in a brick harvesting method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is an elevation view showing another example. 1A is an elevational view showing the state in which notches have been made in the joints around the first brick to be removed in a brick harvesting method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. FIG. 1A is an elevation view showing the state in which small pieces are formed by making lattice-shaped cuts in the first brick to be removed in the brick harvesting method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1A is an elevational view showing the state in which small pieces have been crushed from the first brick to be removed in a brick harvesting method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1A. FIG. 1A is an elevation view showing the state in which the first brick to be removed and its surrounding joints are re-cut to form small pieces in a brick harvesting method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1A is an elevational view showing a state in which a space has been formed in an area where a brick has been removed in a brick harvesting method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1A. 1A is an elevation view showing a state in which a second brick is being removed from a space formed by removing a brick in a brick extraction method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. FIG. 1A is an elevation view showing the state in which the space formed by removing a brick is expanded by removing a second brick in a brick extracting method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view along line B-B of FIG. 1A is an elevation view showing the state in which a second layer of bricks is being removed from the expanded space created by removing bricks in a brick harvesting method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. FIG. 1A is an elevation view showing the state in which a second brick in a second layer is being removed from a space expanded by removing bricks in a brick harvesting method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view along line B-B of FIG. 1A is an elevation view showing the state in which a third layer of bricks is being removed from a space expanded by removing bricks in a brick harvesting method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. FIG. 1A is a perspective view showing a modified example of a wall structure to which the brick harvesting method according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied, the wall structure being English bonded, FIG. 1B is a perspective view showing a modified example of a French bonded wall, and FIG. 1C is a perspective view showing a modified example of a longitudinal bonded wall. FIG. 1 is an elevation view showing a state in which a brick with an exposed longitudinal surface is damaged in a wall to be repaired with bricks harvested by a brick harvesting method according to an embodiment of the present invention. (A) is a cross-sectional view showing a brick with its longitudinal surface exposed in a wall to which the brick repair method of an embodiment of the present invention is applied, (B) is a cross-sectional view showing the state after a damaged brick has been removed, (C) is a cross-sectional view showing the state after a sampled brick has been inserted into the space formed after the damaged brick has been removed, and (D) is a cross-sectional view showing the state after the sampled brick has been inserted into the space formed after the damaged brick has been removed. FIG. 1 is an elevation view showing a state in which a brick with an exposed end face is damaged in a wall to be repaired with bricks harvested by a brick harvesting method according to an embodiment of the present invention. (A) is a cross-sectional view showing a brick with an exposed end face of a wall to which a brick repair method according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied, (B) is a cross-sectional view showing the state after a damaged brick has been removed, (C) is a cross-sectional view showing the state after a sampled brick has been inserted into the space formed after the damaged brick has been removed, and (D) is a cross-sectional view showing the state after the sampled brick has been inserted into the space formed after the damaged brick has been removed.

The brick harvesting method and brick repair method according to this embodiment will be described below with reference to the drawings. Components indicated with the same reference numerals in each drawing are the same components. However, unless otherwise specified in the specification, each component is not limited to one, and there may be multiple components. Also, explanations of configurations and reference numerals that are duplicated in each drawing may be omitted. Note that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment, and can be implemented with appropriate modifications, such as omitting configurations or replacing them with different configurations, within the scope of the purpose of the present invention.

<Purpose of brick mining>
1A shows a corner (an intersection of a wall portion 10X along the X direction and a wall portion 10Y along the Y direction) of a wall 10 formed by stacking bricks B. As an example, the wall 10 is formed by stacking bricks B in a manner (so-called Dutch bonding) in which layers in which only the longitudinal faces BA (end faces along the long sides) of the bricks B are exposed and layers in which only the end faces BB (end faces along the short sides) of the bricks B are exposed are alternately arranged on the surface.

The wall 10 is an example of a skeleton. The wall 10 is also a skeleton that constitutes part of a building, which is an example of a structure.

Brick B is harvested from wall 10 for the purpose of reuse. In this embodiment, part of brick B is chipped off from the surface of wall 10, and the rest of wall 10 is left in place. In this specification, the removal of part or all of brick B from wall 10 in a reusable state is referred to as "recovering" or "harvesting."

This method of harvesting bricks is used for the purpose of replacing a damaged part of a wall formed by stacking bricks. As an example, when a wall in a conspicuous place in a building is damaged, brick B is harvested from a wall 10 in an inconspicuous place in the same building. The brick in the damaged part is then replaced with the harvested brick B.

Here, a "conspicuous location" means a "location that is easily visible to an unspecified number of people," and is, for example, at least one of the following: a location with a certain number of people passing through in a certain period of time, a location used by visitors to a building, or a location facing an outdoor space.

In addition, an "inconspicuous location" means a location that is "hardly visible to the general public," such as a location with less than a certain number of foot traffic in a specified period of time, a location used only by the building owner or tenants, or a location facing an indoor space.

"A place where a certain number of people pass through in a certain period of time" is, for example, a place where 500 people or more pass through in a day. This number can be the average number obtained by dividing the total number of people passing through in a month or week. Or, it can be the number of people on a specific day (for example, Saturday, Sunday, or public holiday). The number 500 people can be set as appropriate. For example, it could be 50 people or 5,000 people.

A "visitor to a building" is someone who visits the building with the intent of obtaining goods or services, such as a customer at a commercial facility or a user at a public facility.

<Brick and wall structure>
1B, the brick B has a dimension W1 in the long side direction that is approximately twice the dimension W2 in the short side direction (W1 ≈ 2 × W2). The wall 10 formed by stacking the bricks B has a thickness D that is approximately 1.5 times the dimension W1 in the long side direction of the brick B (D ≈ W1 × 1.5 ≈ W2 × 3).

As shown in FIG. 2, the wall 10 is constructed by stacking layers 10A to 10G, which are formed by combining bricks B, in order from the bottom up. Note that the number of stacked bricks B in the wall 10 is not particularly limited. In other words, any number of layers can be stacked below layer 10A and above layer 10G.

In the wall portion 10X along the X direction, the end faces BB of brick B are exposed in layers 10A, 10C, 10E, and 10G. On the other hand, the longitudinal faces BA of brick B are exposed in layers 10B, 10D, and 10F.

On the other hand, in the wall portion 10Y along the Y direction, the longitudinal faces BA of the bricks B are exposed in layers 10A, 10C, 10E, and 10G. On the other hand, the end faces BB of the bricks B are exposed in layers 10B, 10D, and 10F.

<Outline of brick harvesting method>
The method for harvesting bricks B described below is a method for harvesting bricks B from the surface of the wall portion 10X of the wall body 10. Among these, in layers 10B, 10D, and 10F, the "whole" of each brick B with its longitudinal side BA exposed is harvested with good yield. On the other hand, in layers 10A, 10C, 10E, and 10G, "about half" of each brick B with its end face BB exposed (the portion on the surface side of the portion indicated by the dashed line) is harvested with good yield.

(Brick collection order)
3A shows bricks B1 to B37 that are to be removed from the wall body 10, among the bricks B that constitute the wall body 10. Brick B1 is to be removed before brick B2, which is to be removed before brick B3. In other words, the numbers in these symbols indicate the order in which they are removed from the wall body 10.

In FIG. 3(A), to simplify the illustration, the lead lines for bricks B1 to B37 have been omitted. These reference numbers indicate the brick B at the location where the reference number is written. The reference numbers and lead lines for brick B are the same for FIG. 3(B) described later.

In this specification, the term "removal" includes the concept of "removing (harvesting)." As described above, "removing (harvesting)" refers to removing part or all of brick B from wall 10 in a reusable state. "Removal" refers to removing part or all of brick B from wall 10, regardless of whether it is reusable or not.

In the example shown in Figure 3(A), first, multiple bricks B in layer 10D are removed starting from the left side (bricks B1 to B5).

Next, multiple bricks B from layer 10C adjacent to layer 10D downward are removed in order from the left side. It is preferable that the bricks B to be removed at this time are those whose entire upper edges, among the edges exposed on the surface of the wall 10, are adjacent to the space formed by removing the bricks B (bricks B1 to B5) from layer 10D (bricks B6 to B13).

Next, multiple bricks B from layer 10B adjacent to layer 10C downward are removed starting from the left side. It is preferable that the bricks B to be removed at this time are those bricks (bricks B14 to B16) whose entire upper edges are exposed on the surface of the wall 10 and adjacent to the space expanded by removing bricks B (bricks B6 to B13) from layer 10C.

Next, multiple bricks B from layer 10A adjacent to layer 10B downward are removed starting from the left side. It is preferable that the bricks B to be removed at this time are those whose entire upper edges, among those exposed on the surface of wall 10, are adjacent to the space expanded by removing bricks B (bricks B14 to B16) from layer 10B (bricks B17 to B21).

Next, multiple bricks B from layer 10E, which is adjacent to layer 10D in the upward direction, are removed in order from the left side. At this time, it is preferable that all of the lower edges of each brick B that are exposed on the surface of the wall 10 are adjacent to the space expanded by removing bricks B (bricks B1 to B5) from layer 10D (bricks B22 to B29).

Next, multiple bricks B from layer 10F, which is adjacent to layer 10E in the upward direction, are removed in order from the left side. At this time, it is preferable that the bricks B to be removed are those whose lower edges, among the edges exposed on the surface of the wall 10, are adjacent to the space expanded by removing the bricks B (bricks B22 to B29) from layer 10E (bricks B30 to B32).

Next, multiple bricks B from layer 10G, which is adjacent to layer 10F in the upward direction, are removed in order from the left side. At this time, it is preferable that the bricks B to be removed are those whose lower edges, among the edges exposed on the surface of the wall 10, are adjacent to the space expanded by removing bricks B (bricks B30 to B32) from layer 10F (bricks B33 to B37).

(Variations in the order of brick collection)
Although these bricks B1 to B37 are removed in order from the left side (left end) in each layer, they may be removed in order from the right side (right end). Alternatively, they may be removed from a brick B other than the left end or right end. However, two bricks B to be removed consecutively in each layer are horizontally adjacent to each other.

In the example shown in FIG. 3(A), after removing the brick B from layer 10D, the brick B from layers 10C, 10B, and 10A below layer 10D are removed, as well as the brick B from layers 10E, 10F, and 10G above layer 10D. However, the embodiment is not limited to this. For example, it is also possible to remove only the brick B from either the lower or upper side of layer 10D.

Furthermore, the layer from which brick B is removed first is not limited to layer 10D, and any layer can be selected. And regardless of which layer brick B is removed first, any number of bricks B to be removed from that layer can be selected.

For example, in the example shown in FIG. 3(B), the first layer from which bricks B are removed is layer 10F, and three bricks B (bricks B1 to B3) are removed from layer 10F. Next, four bricks B (bricks B4 to B7) are removed from layer 10E, which is adjacent to layer 10F below. Next, one brick B (brick B8) is removed from layer 10D, which is adjacent to layer 10E below.

The number of bricks to be removed is determined appropriately according to the number of bricks required. That is, in this embodiment, it is determined appropriately according to the extent of the damaged area of the wall to be repaired. For example, if the repair area is wide, the number of bricks to be removed is increased. In this case, it is preferable to increase the number of bricks to be removed in the layer from which brick B is removed first.

The number of bricks B to be removed is determined appropriately according to the yield of bricks B. "Yield" refers to the ratio of the number of reusable bricks B (the number of bricks B that were able to be used and removed) to the number of bricks B removed. The higher this ratio, the better the yield.

The yield of bricks B is affected by the quality of bricks B, the quality of the mortar that holds bricks B together, the number of days since the wall 10 was completed, the location of the wall 10, etc., but it is also affected by the method of harvesting the bricks. The brick harvesting method of this embodiment aims to improve the yield that is affected by the brick harvesting method.

<Specific method of collecting bricks>
A specific method for extracting the bricks B from the wall body 10 will be described with reference to Figs. 4(A) and (B) to 13(A) and (B).

When extracting bricks B from the wall 10, the first brick B1 to be removed is crushed and removed. Then, for the second and subsequent bricks B to be removed, as many bricks B as possible are extracted in a recyclable manner.

(First brick removal method)
To remove the brick B1, first, as shown in Figures 4(A) and (B), an incision V1 is made in the joint between the brick B1 and the brick B surrounding the brick B1 using a disk grinder, an electric cutter, an electric drill, or the like (hereinafter referred to as "electric cutter, etc."). That is, the mortar filled in the joint is scraped off using the electric cutter, etc. Note that the bricks B1, B2, etc. described in Figures 4(A), (B) to 13(A), (B) correspond to the bricks B1, B2, etc. in Figure 3(A).

Next, as shown in Figures 5(A) and (B), grid-shaped cuts V2 are made in the surface of the brick B1 using a disc grinder or the like. This divides the brick B1 into a number of small pieces P. The cuts V1 and V2 are formed so that their depth is, for example, approximately half the depth of the dimension W2 in the short side direction of the brick B1.

Then, these small pieces P are crushed using a chisel and a hammer, etc. As a result, as shown in Figures 6(A) and (B), the surface portion of the brick B1 is removed, and a space V3 is formed in the removed portion. The space V3 is a recess formed in the surface of the wall body 10.

Next, as shown in Figures 7(A) and (B), cuts V4 are made in the joints between the remaining brick B1 and the surrounding bricks B using a disc grinder or the like. Also, lattice-shaped cuts V5 are made in the surface of the remaining brick B1 using a disc grinder or the like. This causes the remaining brick B1 to be divided into a number of small pieces P. It is preferable that the depth of the cuts V4 and V5 (depth from the surface of the wall body 10) is equal to or greater than the depth of the dimension W2 in the short side direction of the brick B1, for example.

Then, these small pieces P are crushed using a chisel and a hammer, etc. As a result, all of the bricks B1 are removed, as shown in Figures 8(A) and (B), and a space V6 is formed. The space V6 is a recess formed in the surface of the wall body 10.

When crushing the small pieces P, it is preferable to remove the mortar adhering to the back surface of the brick B1. Similarly, it is preferable to remove the mortar adhering to the side surface of the brick B1 (the surface that intersects with the exposed surface) from the surrounding bricks B.

In this embodiment, in order to remove brick B1, incision V1 (see FIG. 5) and incision V4 (see FIG. 7) are made in two separate steps, and incision V2 (see FIG. 5) and incision V5 (see FIG. 7) are made in two separate steps. As a result, brick B1 is broken into small pieces P in two separate steps and crushed (see FIG. 6 and FIG. 8). This makes it easier to crush the small pieces P by making the depth of each cut shallower.

These cuts may be made in three or more steps, or in one step, depending on the short side dimension W2 of the brick B1.

(How to remove the second and subsequent bricks)
Following the first brick B1 that was removed, the second brick B (brick B2 shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B) is removed. The brick B2 is the brick B that is horizontally adjacent to the space V6 that is formed after the brick B1 is removed.

To remove brick B2, first make a cut V7 with a disc grinder or the like in the joint between brick B2 and brick B arranged in the layer above and below brick B2. It is preferable to make cut V7 over the portion of layer 10D from which brick B is to be removed. For example, cut V7 is made from the portion where brick B2 is arranged to the portion where brick B5 is arranged in FIG. 3.

In addition, a notch V8 is made in the joint between brick B2 and brick B (brick B3) adjacent to brick B2 in the horizontal direction using a disc grinder or the like. It is preferable that the depth of notches V7 and V8 is equal to or greater than the depth of dimension W2 in the short side direction of brick B.

Next, as shown in FIG. 9(A), a tool such as a chisel is inserted from the side into the bottom surface of brick B2 (the surface opposite the surface exposed on the surface of wall body 10) through space V6 formed by removing brick B1, and brick B2 is chipped off.

Brick B2 is separated from the surrounding bricks B by cuts V7 and V8. Also, by forming space V6, a tool can be inserted into the bottom surface of brick B2 from the side (from the left side of the page in FIG. 9(A) and from the front side of the page in FIG. 9(B)). This makes it easy to remove brick B2 without damaging it, as shown in FIG. 10(B). In other words, brick B2 can be easily removed (reused) in a reusable state.

The bricks in layer 10D (bricks B3, B4, and B5 in FIG. 3) that are the same as bricks B1 and B2 are chipped off in the same way as brick B2. In this way, by removing bricks B2, B3, B4, and B5, the space V6 that was formed by removing brick B1 is expanded horizontally, as shown in FIG. 10(A).

(How to remove the second layer of bricks)
After removing the bricks B of the first layer (layer 10D), the bricks B of the second layer are removed. This layer is vertically adjacent to the layer from which the bricks were removed first. In this embodiment, as described with reference to FIG. 3, the bricks B of the layer 10C, which is vertically adjacent to the layer 10D, are removed.

In layer 10C, any brick B adjacent to space V6 formed by removing brick B in layer 10D may be removed first. To remove the first brick B6 in layer 10C, first make a cut V9 in the joint between brick B6 and the brick B placed in the layer below brick B6 using a disc grinder or the like.

It is preferable to form the incision V9 in the layer 10C over the portion from which brick B is to be removed. For example, in FIG. 3, it is formed from the portion where brick B6 is located to the portion where brick B13 is located.

In addition, in layer 10C, cuts V10 are made between each pair of bricks B that are adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction. It is preferable that the depth of cuts V9 and V10 is equal to or greater than the depth of dimension W2 in the short side direction of brick B.

Next, as shown in FIG. 11(A), a tool such as a chisel is pressed against brick B6 from above through space V6 to break brick B6. This causes brick B6 to be chipped off.

Brick B6 is separated from the surrounding bricks B by cuts V9 and V10. Furthermore, by forming space V6, a tool can be pressed against the side of brick B6 (the surface that intersects with the surface exposed on the surface of wall body 10) from above (from the top of the paper in Figures 11 (A) and (B)). This makes it easy to remove "part" of brick B6 without damaging it, as shown in Figure 12 (B). In other words, it is easy to remove (remove) part of brick B6 in a reusable state.

Note that "removing a portion of brick B6 without damaging it" refers to removing at least a portion of brick B6 that includes the surface exposed on the surface of wall body 10 without damaging it. In this way, the brick harvesting method in this embodiment does not necessarily include a method of removing the "whole" of brick B in a reusable state, but also includes a method of removing only a "portion" of brick B, i.e., only the necessary portion, in a reusable state.

Next, the second brick B (brick B7 shown in Figures 12 (A) and (B)) is removed following brick B6, which was removed first in the second layer (layer 10C). Brick B7 is the brick B adjacent above and to the side to space V6, which has been expanded by removing brick B6.

To remove brick B7, as shown in FIG. 12(A), a tool such as a chisel is pressed against brick B7 from above from space V6 to break brick B7. Alternatively, a tool such as a chisel may be pressed against brick B7 from the side from space V6 to break brick B7. This causes brick B7 to be chipped off.

The bricks in layer 10C (bricks B8 to B13 in FIG. 3) that are the same as bricks B6 and B7 are removed in the same way as brick B7. In this way, the second and subsequent bricks B to be removed in the second layer (layer 10C) (bricks B7 to B13) are adjacent to space V6 horizontally and upwardly, and therefore can be easily removed.

(How to remove the third layer of bricks)
After removing the bricks of the second layer (layer 10C), the bricks B of the third layer are removed. This layer is adjacent to the layer 10D or the layer 10C in the vertical direction. In this embodiment, as described with reference to FIG. 3, the bricks B of the layer 10B adjacent to the layer 10C in the downward direction are removed.

In layer 10B, any brick B adjacent to space V6 formed by removing bricks B in layers 10D and 10C may be removed first. To remove the first brick B14 in layer 10B, as shown in Figures 13(A) and 13(B), first make a cut V11 with a disc grinder or the like in the joint between brick B14 and the brick B placed in the layer below brick B14.

It is preferable to form the incision V11 in the layer 10B over the portion from which brick B is to be removed. For example, in FIG. 3, it is formed from the portion where brick B14 is located to the portion where brick B16 is located.

In addition, in the layer 10B, a notch V12 is made between each brick B that is adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction. It is preferable that the notches V11 and V12 are formed so that their depth is equal to or greater than the depth of the dimension W2 in the short side direction of the brick B.

Next, as shown in FIG. 13(A), a tool such as a chisel is inserted into the bottom surface of brick B14 from above through space V6 to chip off brick B14.

Next, to remove brick B15 that is adjacent to brick B14 in the horizontal direction, a tool such as a chisel is inserted into the bottom surface of brick B15 from above through space V6 to chip away brick B15. Alternatively, a tool such as a chisel may be inserted into the bottom surface of brick B15 from the side through space V6 to chip away brick B15.

(Methods for removing bricks from other layers)
The method for removing bricks B from the fourth and subsequent layers is the same as the method for removing bricks B from the second or third layer, and therefore will not be described here. For the layers disposed above layer 10D, i.e., each brick B adjacent to space V6 downward, a tool such as a chisel can be inserted into the bottom surface of brick B from space V6 and downward to chip off brick B. Alternatively, a tool such as a chisel can be pressed against brick B6 to break it and chip it off.

<Cleaning bricks>
The bricks B collected by the above method are washed before being replaced with bricks from the repaired area. This washing refers to, for example, removing mortar adhering to the bricks B.

In order to remove the mortar, for example, the brick B with the mortar attached thereto is immersed in an acid solution. The mortar contains calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) ₂ ) or calcium carbonate ( _CaCO3 ). The calcium component of calcium hydroxide dissolves in the acid solution by a neutralization reaction. The calcium component of calcium carbonate dissolves in the acid solution by a release reaction of a weak acid.

The type of acid in the acid solution can be appropriately selected from those capable of reacting with at least some of the components of the mortar to dissolve the mortar. For example, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, citric acid, hydroiodic acid, perchloric acid, hydrobromic acid, chloric acid, bromic acid, iodic acid, perbromic acid, metaperiodic acid, permanganic acid, thiocyanic acid, aqua regia, malic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, phthalic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, tartaric acid, benzoic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, etc. can be selected.

The mortar adhering to brick B may be removed entirely or only partially. Even if only a portion of the mortar is removed, the contact surface with brick B can be weakened, making it easier to peel off the remaining mortar by hand (by striking it with a hammer, etc.).

After removing the mortar from brick B, remove the residual salt from the acid solution that is on brick B. To remove the residual salt, scrub brick B with a brush while exposing it to running water. Alternatively, immerse brick B in water.

As another example, to remove the mortar, the brick B with the mortar attached thereto is heated. The calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate contained in the mortar become calcium oxide when heated and shrink. This causes fine cracks to form in the mortar, weakening it. The heating temperature is preferably lower than the firing temperature of the brick B. Heating and immersion in an acid solution may be used in combination.

<Replacing bricks>
(Replacing bricks with exposed long sides)
The damaged brick is replaced with the brick B that has been harvested (recovered) and cleaned by the above method. Figure 15 shows a wall 20 formed by stacking bricks C. In the wall 20, a brick C1 is damaged. The brick C1 has the same shape as the brick B shown in Figure 1(B) and is placed on the surface of the wall 20 with its long side exposed. This brick C1 is removed, and a brick B is inserted in its place.

First, the damaged brick C1 shown in FIG. 16(A) is removed as shown in FIG. 16(B). Any method can be used for the removal, but the method for removing brick B1 described above can also be used. At this time, the mortar filled between brick C1 and the surrounding bricks C is also chipped off and removed. This forms space V13.

After removing the brick C1 and mortar, the exposed surface is moistened with water. Then, as shown in FIG. 16(C), the horizontal surface (the surface facing upward) of the exposed surface is applied with mortar M1. Then, the vertical surface (the surface not exposed on the surface of the wall body 20) of the collected brick B (as an example, brick B2 removed using the method shown in FIG. 9(A), (B), FIG. 10(A), (B)) is applied with mortar M2.

Next, brick B2 is inserted into space V13, and the joint is filled with joint mortar M3, as shown in FIG. 16(D). This repairs the wall body 20 and the bricks of the wall body 20.

(Replacing bricks with exposed ends)
Fig. 17 shows a damaged brick C2 in the wall body 20. Like the brick C1, the brick C2 has the same shape as the brick B shown in Fig. 1(B), but is placed with its end face exposed on the surface of the wall body 20. A part of the brick C2 is removed, and the brick B is inserted in its place.

First, the damaged brick C2 shown in FIG. 18(A) is removed as shown in FIG. 18(B). Any method can be used for the removal, but the above-mentioned method for removing brick B1 can also be used. At this time, the mortar filled between brick C2 and the surrounding bricks C is also chipped off and removed. This forms space V14.

In this case, brick C2 does not need to be removed entirely, but only a portion of it (the portion exposed on the surface of wall body 20). Specifically, brick C2 is removed so that the depth of space V14 is deep enough to insert the entire brick B6 removed by the method shown in Figures 12(A) and (B), for example.

After removing brick C2 and the mortar, the exposed surface is moistened with water. Then, as shown in FIG. 18(C), the horizontal surface (the surface facing upward) of the exposed surface is applied with mortar M1. Then, the vertical surface (the surface not exposed on the surface of wall body 20) of the extracted brick B (brick B6 as an example) is applied with mortar M2.

Next, brick B6 is inserted into space V14, and the joint is filled with joint mortar M3, as shown in FIG. 18(D). This repairs the wall body 20 and the bricks of the wall body 20.

<Action and Effects>
In the brick harvesting method according to this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8(A), a portion of the bricks B (brick B1, see FIG. 4(A)) arranged on the surface of a wall 10 serving as a structural body is removed to form a space V6.

Then, the brick B2 adjacent to this space V6 in the horizontal direction is chipped off from the side as shown in FIG. 9(A). This makes it easier to recover the brick B in a usable state compared to chipping off the brick B from the surface of the structure. In other words, it is easier to remove the brick B in a reusable state. Therefore, the brick B can be recovered with a good yield.

In addition, in the brick harvesting method according to this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11(A), horizontally adjacent bricks B (e.g., bricks B1 to B5 in FIG. 3) are removed to expand space V6, and then bricks B (e.g., bricks B6 to B13 in FIG. 3) that are vertically adjacent to this space V6 are chipped off.

This makes the work easier than chipping off adjacent bricks B in the vertical direction without expanding space V6. This allows bricks B to be removed with a good yield.

In addition, in the brick harvesting method according to this embodiment, as shown in Figures 9(A), 11(A), and 13(A), incisions (forming incisions V7 to V12) are made in the joints of brick B from the front side, and then brick B is chipped off. This makes it easy to chip off brick B. This allows brick B to be harvested with a good yield.

In addition, in the brick repair method according to this embodiment, brick B arranged in one part of a building (wall 10) is preserved and damaged brick C in another part of the building (wall 20) is replaced with the preserved brick B. In other words, brick C is repaired with brick B from the same building. Bricks from the same building have similar colors and textures. This makes it possible to make the repair area less noticeable.

In addition, in the brick repair method according to this embodiment, brick B is removed from at least one of the following locations: locations with less than a specified number of foot traffic in a specified period of time, locations used only by the building owner or tenants, and locations facing indoor spaces.

A place where the number of people passing through in a specified period of time is less than a specified number is a place with low foot traffic. A place that is used only by the building owner or tenants is a place that is not used by the general public. Furthermore, a place that faces an indoor space is a place that does not appear on the exterior of the building. This reduces the chances that the traces of brick B being removed will be visible to the general public.

In addition, the brick repair method according to this embodiment repairs damaged bricks C that are located in at least one of the following locations: a location with a certain number of people passing through in a certain period of time, a location used by visitors to the building, or a location facing an outdoor space.

A place where the number of people passing through in a specified period of time is equal to or exceeds a specified number is a place with high foot traffic. A place used by visitors to a building is a place used by an unspecified number of people. Furthermore, a place facing an outdoor space is a place that appears on the exterior of the building. This means that the repaired brick areas are visible to an unspecified number of people. However, because the repaired areas are not noticeable, damage to the design of the building can be prevented.

<Other embodiments>
In the above embodiment, the wall 10 from which the bricks B are harvested is a Dutch bond wall in which layers in which only the longitudinal faces BA of the bricks B are exposed and layers in which only the end faces BB of the bricks B are exposed are arranged alternately on the surface of the wall, as shown in Figures 1 (A) and (B). However, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.

For example, the brick harvesting method of this embodiment can be applied to the case where brick B is harvested from a wall body 12 of English bond, in which the corners are treated differently from Dutch bond, as shown in FIG. 14(A). Or, as shown in FIG. 14(B), it can be applied to the case where brick B is harvested from a wall body 14 of French bond, in which both the long side BA and the end face BB of brick B are exposed in one layer.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 14(C), it can also be applied to the case where brick B is collected from a longitudinally laid wall 16 where only the longitudinal face BA of brick B is exposed on the surface. In a longitudinally laid wall 16, brick B can be removed without breaking it. The configurations in FIG. 14(A) to (C) can also be applied to a wall 20 where brick C is to be repaired.

Furthermore, the wall from which brick B is harvested does not necessarily have to be formed by stacking bricks B. For example, it may be a wall made of reinforced concrete or the like, with bricks B attached to the surface. Furthermore, the structure from which brick B is harvested does not necessarily have to be a wall, but may be a pillar, beam, or frame of an opening. The same applies to the wall from which brick C is repaired.

In the examples shown in Fig. 1(A) and Fig. 14(A)-(C), the thickness D of each wall 10, 12, 14, 16 is approximately 1.5 times the dimension W1 of the long side of the brick B, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. The thickness of these walls may be greater than 1.5 times the dimension W1 of the long side of the brick B, or may be less than 1.5 times.

For example, if two bricks B are arranged in the long side direction and one in the short side direction along the thickness direction of the wall, the wall will have a thickness approximately 2.5 times the dimension W1 of the long side direction of brick B. Thus, in a wall to which the brick harvesting method in the above embodiment is applied, there are no limitations on the laying method of brick B or the thickness of the wall.

In the above embodiment, the first brick B1 to be removed is broken into small pieces P by making grid-shaped cuts V2 on its surface, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. For example, the cuts V2 may be omitted, and the brick B1 may be removed by inserting a chisel into the joint cuts V1. The method for removing the brick B1 may be selected as appropriate depending on the strength of the brick B1.

In the above embodiment, the bricks B are removed from the layer (layer 10D) from which the first bricks B were removed, followed by the bricks B from the adjacent layers above and below (layer 10C, etc.), but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. If it is possible to utilize the required number of bricks, it is also possible to remove only bricks B from one layer.

In addition, in the above embodiment, bricks B are removed from at least one of a location where the number of people passing through in a specified period of time is less than a specified number, a location used only by the building owner or tenants, and a location facing an indoor space; however, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
In other words, bricks B may be taken from places that do not satisfy these conditions. This can be determined appropriately depending on the purpose of the building and the intention of the owner of the building.

Similarly, in the above embodiment, bricks C in at least one of the locations where a certain number of people pass through in a certain period of time, locations used by visitors to the building, and locations facing outdoor spaces are replaced with preserved bricks B, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. This can also be determined appropriately depending on the purpose of the building and the intentions of the building owner.

In addition, in the above embodiment, the wall 10 from which the brick B is harvested and the wall 20 from which the brick C is repaired are in the same building, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. In other words, they may be in different buildings.

Specifically, the brick harvesting method of this embodiment may be used for the purpose of repairing bricks in a different building. For example, in a building that needs to have bricks repaired, if it is not possible to remove bricks from another location, bricks may be harvested from the other building. In this case, it is preferable that the bricks to be harvested are bricks that were made in a similar period to the bricks to be repaired. It is also preferable that the bricks be made in an area close to the bricks to be repaired.

10. Wall (structure)
B Brick V6 Space

Claims (4)

A brick harvesting method for extracting bricks from a wall of a building constructed by stacking bricks ,
removing a portion of the bricks constituting the wall;
chipping a brick laterally adjacent to the space from which the brick was removed from the space and laterally;
How to harvest bricks. The bricks adjacent to the space expanded by removing the bricks adjacent in the horizontal direction are chipped from the space in the vertical direction.
The method for extracting bricks according to claim 1. A cut is made in the joint of the brick from the front side, and the brick is chipped off.
3. The method for extracting bricks according to claim 1 or 2. The brick harvesting method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising the step of: inserting a tool laterally into bottom surfaces of the laterally adjacent bricks to chip off the laterally adjacent bricks.