JP7501050B2 - Building and Design Law - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to buildings and design methods.

Patent document 1 discloses a structure for arranging a group of buildings in which a block of building land is divided into multiple plots and houses and other buildings are arranged adjacent to each other on each plot.

JP 2019-78142 A

In the case of a group of buildings such as that described in Patent Document 1, each building can be easily identified from the outside, but in the case of a large building such as a commercial facility, it is difficult to identify each individual space within it from the outside.

The present invention aims to provide a building and design method that allows multiple individual spaces within the building to be identified from outside the building.

A building according to a first aspect of the present invention is a building having multiple floors, comprising: a first individual space and a second individual space arranged consecutively along an outer peripheral wall on the same floor ; a third individual space arranged consecutively on the same floor as the floor comprising the first individual space and the second individual space and on the opposite side of the first individual space to the side on which the second individual space is located; a fourth individual space arranged adjacent to and vertically below the first individual space on the floor immediately below the floor comprising the first individual space and the second individual space; and a fifth individual space arranged adjacent to the fourth individual space on the same floor as the fourth individual space and adjacent to and vertically below the second individual space, and the outer surface of the outer peripheral wall is provided with markings that enable the position of the boundary between the first individual space and the second individual space to be identified. A step is provided, a step that makes the position of the boundary between the second individual space and the fifth individual space identifiable, a step that makes the position of the boundary between the fourth individual space and the fifth individual space identifiable, and a step that makes the position of the boundary between the first individual space and the fourth individual space identifiable, wherein the first individual space protrudes outwardly from the second individual space, the second individual space protrudes outwardly from the fifth individual space, the fifth individual space protrudes outwardly from the fourth individual space, and the first individual space protrudes outwardly from the fourth individual space, and when viewed directly from the outer side of the outer peripheral wall, the widths of the first individual space and the second individual space are different, the widths of the first individual space and the third individual space are different, and the widths of the second individual space and the third individual space are different .

In one embodiment of the present invention , a building has a first individual space that has a protruding corner portion at at least one of the steps provided at the boundary with the second individual space and the steps provided at the boundary with the third individual space.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the step that enables identification of the position of the boundary between the fourth individual space and the fifth individual space is in a different horizontal position from the step that enables identification of the position of the boundary between the first individual space and the second individual space.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the widths of the fourth individual space and the fifth individual space are different when viewed from the front, facing each other from the outer surface side of the outer peripheral wall.

A design method according to a third aspect of the present invention is a design method for a building having multiple floors, comprising the steps of: arranging a first individual space and a second individual space continuously along an outer peripheral wall on the same floor such that the widths of the first individual space and the second individual space are different when viewed from the front facing the outer peripheral wall from the outside ; arranging a third individual space continuously on the same floor as a floor having the first individual space and the second individual space, on the opposite side to the side on which the second individual space is located with respect to the first individual space, such that the widths of the first individual space and the third individual space are different when viewed from the front and the widths of the second individual space and the third individual space are different when viewed from the front; and arranging a fourth individual space adjacent to and vertically below the first individual space on the floor immediately below the floor having the first individual space and the second individual space. a fifth individual space is arranged adjacent to the fourth individual space on the same floor as the fourth individual space and adjacent to the second individual space vertically below, and the outer surface of the outer wall is provided with a step where the first individual space protrudes outwardly from the second individual space, making the position of the boundary between the first individual space and the second individual space identifiable , a step where the second individual space protrudes outwardly from the fifth individual space, making the position of the boundary between the second individual space and the fifth individual space identifiable, a step where the fifth individual space protrudes outwardly from the fourth individual space, making the position of the boundary between the fourth individual space and the fifth individual space identifiable, and a step where the first individual space protrudes outwardly from the fourth individual space, making the position of the boundary between the first individual space and the fourth individual space identifiable .

The present invention provides a building and design method that allows multiple individual spaces within the building to be identified from outside the building.

FIG. 1 is an elevation view of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the first and second floors of the building in FIG. 1 . This is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. This is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. This is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC in FIG. This is a cross-sectional view taken along the line D-D of FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line E-E of FIG. 2.

The building and design method according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The same reference numerals are used to designate the same components and parts in each drawing.

Figure 1 is an elevational view of a building 100 as an embodiment of the building according to the present invention. Figure 1 shows one side of the building 100 facing the road. The building 100 shown in Figure 1 has five floors, but the number of floors is not particularly limited as long as the building has multiple floors. Therefore, the building 100 may have two to four floors, or six or more floors. The building 100 of this embodiment is a commercial facility such as a department store. A commercial facility means, for example, a building that falls under the category of "department stores, markets, and other stores engaged in the sale of goods (excluding those listed in the previous paragraph and those that exclusively sell photographs and other goods that arouse sexual curiosity)" in the appendix to the Enforcement Regulations of the Building Standards Act. The building 100 may be a commercial complex that includes, for example, a hall, a movie theater, and an office.

Figure 2 shows the first and second floors of the elevation of the building 100 in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 2, the building 100 has a first floor (hereinafter simply referred to as the "first floor") as a first collective floor 101, and a second floor (hereinafter simply referred to as the "second floor") as a second collective floor 102 adjacent to the first collective floor 101 in the vertical direction. Here, the "collective floor" refers to a floor including multiple individual spaces arranged continuously in the horizontal direction along the outer wall 103. In addition, an "individual space" refers to an individual space with a different use, purpose, business entity, or tenant. For example, in the case of a department store, each store in the department store corresponds to an individual space.

3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B in FIG. 2. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C in FIG. 2. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line D-D in FIG. 2. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line E-E in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 3, the first floor as the first collective floor 101 includes a plurality of (four in this embodiment) individual spaces 1 arranged horizontally along the outer peripheral wall 103. As shown in FIG. 2, on the first floor of the building 100 of this embodiment, two individual spaces 1 are arranged horizontally and continuously along the outer peripheral wall 103 on each side of the central entrance passage 105. However, three or more individual spaces 1 may be arranged horizontally and continuously along the outer peripheral wall 103. Also, as shown in FIG. 4, the second floor as the second collective floor 102 includes a plurality of (three in this embodiment) individual spaces 2 arranged horizontally and continuously along the outer peripheral wall 103. However, two or four or more individual spaces 2 may be arranged horizontally and continuously along the outer peripheral wall 103. As shown in Figures 2 to 4, in this embodiment, the multiple (four in this embodiment) individual spaces 1 on the first floor and the multiple (three in this embodiment) individual spaces 2 on the second floor are arranged along the portion of the outer wall 103 that faces the road as shown in Figure 1.

As shown in FIG. 3, the outer surface of the outer peripheral wall 103 is provided with a step 11 that makes it possible to identify the boundaries between multiple (two in this embodiment) individual spaces 1 arranged continuously in the horizontal direction on the first floor as the first collective floor 101. Therefore, even when the first floor of the building 100 is viewed from the outside, each individual space 1 inside the first floor of the building 100 can be easily identified. For ease of explanation, the position of the outer surface of the outer peripheral wall 103 on the second floor is indicated by a dashed line in FIG. 3.

As shown in FIG. 4, the outer surface of the outer peripheral wall 103 is provided with a step 12 that makes it possible to identify the boundaries between multiple (three in this embodiment) individual spaces 1 that are arranged consecutively in the horizontal direction on the second floor as the second collective floor 102. Therefore, even when the second floor of the building 100 is viewed from the outside, each individual space 2 inside the second floor of the building 100 can be easily identified.

Furthermore, as shown in Figures 5 to 7, a step 13 is provided on the outer surface of the outer peripheral wall 103, which makes it possible to distinguish the boundary between an individual space 1 on the first floor as the first collective level 101 and an individual space 2 on the second floor as the second collective level 102, which are adjacent in the vertical direction. Therefore, even when viewed from outside the building 100, each individual space 2 inside the first and second floors of the building 100 can be easily distinguished.

In this way, all of the above-mentioned steps 11, 12, and 13 are provided on the outer surface of the outer peripheral wall 103 of the building 100 of this embodiment, but this is not limited to this configuration, and only one of the steps may be provided. However, it is preferable that the outer surface of the outer peripheral wall 103 is provided with the above-mentioned three types of steps 11, 12, and 13, as in the building 100 of this embodiment. In this way, the individual spaces 1 and 2 inside the building 100 can be identified from the outside. The shapes of the steps 11, 12, and 13 provided on the outer surface of the outer peripheral wall 103 are not particularly limited. Therefore, the steps 11, 12, and 13 provided on the outer surface of the outer peripheral wall 103 may be, for example, a configuration in which a bottom joint extending vertically is formed (see Figures 3 and 4), a configuration in which a bottom joint extending horizontally is formed (see Figures 5 to 7, etc.), or a configuration in which such a bottom joint is not formed.

The outer surface of the outer peripheral wall 103 is formed of an exterior material of the outer peripheral wall 103, such as an exterior panel, but the material is not particularly limited.

The multiple individual spaces 1, 2 of this embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to Figures 2 to 6. For ease of explanation, of the three individual spaces 2 on the second floor shown in Figure 2, the central individual space 2 will be referred to as the "first individual space 2a," the right-hand individual space 2 will be referred to as the "second individual space 2b," and the left-hand individual space 2 will be referred to as the "third individual space 2c." Also, for ease of explanation, of the four individual spaces 1 on the first floor shown in Figure 2, the left-hand side of the two individual spaces 1 located to the right of the entrance passage 105 will be referred to as the "fourth individual space 1a," and the right-hand side will be referred to as the "fifth individual space 1b."

First, we will explain the details of the first individual space 2a, the second individual space 2b, and the third individual space 2c located on the second floor.

As shown in FIG. 4, the first individual space 2a and the second individual space 2b are arranged continuously along the outer wall 103 on the second floor, which is the same level. As shown in FIG. 4, the outer surface of the outer wall 103 is provided with a step 12a that makes it possible to identify the position of the boundary between the first individual space 2a and the second individual space 2b. As a result, the first individual space 2a and the second individual space 2b inside the second floor of the building 100 can be easily and separately identified from the outside of the building 100. In other words, by designing the building 100 in this manner, a building 100 can be realized in which the first individual space 2a and the second individual space 2b can be easily identified from the outside. More specifically, in this embodiment, the step 12a is formed so that the first individual space 2a protrudes further toward the road side than the second individual space 2b. Therefore, the first individual space 2a has a protruding corner portion 32a at the position of the step 12a provided at the boundary with the second individual space 2b. Providing the protruding corner portion 32a in this manner makes it easier to recognize the first individual space 2a from outside the building 100, thereby improving the identifiability of the first individual space 2a from outside the building 100.

As shown in FIG. 4, the third individual space 2c is arranged on the second floor, which is the same floor as the floor including the first individual space 2a and the second individual space 2b. The third individual space 2c is arranged continuously with the first individual space 2a on the opposite side to the side where the second individual space 2b is located. As shown in FIG. 4, the outer surface of the outer peripheral wall 103 is provided with a step 12b that makes it possible to identify the position of the boundary between the first individual space 2a and the third individual space 2c. As a result, the first individual space 2a and the third individual space 2c inside the second floor of the building 100 can be easily and separately identified from the outside of the building 100. More specifically, in this embodiment, the step 12b is formed so that the first individual space 2a protrudes further toward the road side than the third individual space 2c. Therefore, the first individual space 2a has a protruding corner portion 32b at the position of the step 12b provided at the boundary with the third individual space 2c. Providing the protruding corner portion 32b in this manner makes it easier to recognize the first individual space 2a from outside the building 100, thereby improving the identifiability of the first individual space 2a from outside the building 100.

In this embodiment, the first individual space 2a has corners 32a and 32b at both the step 12a at the boundary with the second individual space 2b and the step 12b at the boundary with the third individual space 2c, but is not limited to this configuration. The first individual space 2a may have corners 32a or 32b at only one of the steps 12a and 12b, or may have no corners at either the step 12a or the step 12b. However, as described above, in order to improve the distinguishability of the building 100 from the outside, it is preferable that the first individual space 2a has at least one corner 32a, 32b, and it is more preferable that the first individual space 2a has two corners 32a and 32b on both sides, as in this embodiment.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, the second individual space 2b also has a protruding corner 32c at a position opposite the step 12a adjacent to the first individual space 2a. Also, in this embodiment, the third individual space 2c also has a protruding corner 32d at a position opposite the step 12b adjacent to the first individual space 2a. In other words, in the building 100 of this embodiment, all three individual spaces 2 provided on the second floor have at least one protruding corner. In this way, it is possible to improve the distinguishability from the outside of the building 100 for all individual spaces 2 provided on the second floor.

In addition, when viewed head-on from the outer surface side of the outer peripheral wall 103 (see Figures 1 and 2), the first individual space 2a and the second individual space 2b have different widths. The first individual space 2a and the third individual space 2c may also have different widths, or the first individual space 2a, the second individual space 2b, and the third individual space 2c may all have different widths. In this way, by making the widths of the individual spaces 2 that are arranged consecutively different, it is possible to further improve the distinguishability of each individual space 2 from the outside of the building 100.

Next, the fourth individual space 1a and the fifth individual space 1b will be described in detail. The fourth individual space 1a and the fifth individual space 1b are provided on the first floor, which is the floor immediately below the second floor, which is the floor including the first individual space 2a, the second individual space 2b, and the third individual space 2c.

As shown in FIG. 3, the fourth individual space 1a and the fifth individual space 1b are arranged continuously along the outer wall 103 on the first floor, which is the same level. As shown in FIG. 3, the outer surface of the outer wall 103 is provided with a step 11a that makes it possible to identify the position of the boundary between the fourth individual space 1a and the fifth individual space 1b. As a result, the fourth individual space 1a and the fifth individual space 1b inside the first floor of the building 100 can be easily and separately identified from the outside of the building 100. More specifically, in this embodiment, the step 11a is formed so that the fifth individual space 1b protrudes further toward the road side than the fourth individual space 1a. Therefore, the fifth individual space 1b has a protruding corner portion 31a at the position of the step 11a provided at the boundary with the fourth individual space 1a. By providing the protruding corner portion 31a in this way, it becomes easier to recognize the fifth individual space 1b from the outside of the building 100, so that the distinguishability of the fifth individual space 1b from the outside of the building 100 can be improved.

In addition, the fifth individual space 1b of this embodiment also has a corner 31b on the opposite side to the step 11a. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the fourth individual space 1a also has a corner 31c on the entrance passage 105 side opposite the step 11a side adjacent to the fifth individual space 1b. In addition, in this embodiment, each of the two individual spaces 1 provided on the opposite side of the entrance passage 105 from the side where the fourth individual space 1a and the fifth individual space 1b are located has at least one corner. In other words, in the building 100 of this embodiment, all four individual spaces 1 provided on the first floor have at least one corner. In this way, it is possible to increase the identifiability from the outside of the building 100 for all individual spaces 1 provided on the first floor.

In addition, when viewed head-on from the outer surface side of the outer peripheral wall 103 (see Figures 1 and 2), the widths of the fourth individual space 1a and the fifth individual space 1b are different. By making the widths of the individual spaces 1 arranged consecutively different in this way, it is possible to further improve the distinguishability of each individual space 1 from the outside of the building 100.

Furthermore, the fourth individual space 1a is disposed adjacent to and vertically below the first individual space 2a and the second individual space 2b. As shown in FIG. 5, the outer surface of the outer peripheral wall 103 is provided with a step 13a that allows the position of the boundary between the first individual space 2a and the fourth individual space 1a to be identified. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 6, the outer surface of the outer peripheral wall 103 is provided with a step 13b that allows the position of the boundary between the second individual space 2b and the fourth individual space 1a to be identified.

As described above, the fifth individual space 1b is adjacent to the fourth individual space 1a, and is disposed adjacent to and vertically below the second individual space 2b. As shown in FIG. 7, the outer surface of the outer peripheral wall 103 is provided with a step 13c that allows the position of the boundary between the second individual space 2b and the fifth individual space 1b to be identified.

Although details are omitted, in this embodiment, there is also a step between the third individual space 2c and each of the two individual spaces 1 on the first floor adjacent to and vertically below the third individual space 2c.

As shown in FIG. 5, in this embodiment, a step 13a is formed so that the first individual space 2a protrudes further toward the road than the fourth individual space 1a. Therefore, the first individual space 2a has a protruding corner portion 33a at the position of the step 13a provided at the boundary with the fourth individual space 1a. By providing the protruding corner portion 33a in this manner, it becomes easier to recognize the first individual space 2a and the fourth individual space 1a separately from outside the building 100, and therefore the distinguishability of the first individual space 2a and the fourth individual space 1a from outside the building 100 can be improved.

As shown in FIG. 6, in this embodiment, a step 13b is formed so that the second individual space 2b protrudes further toward the road than the fourth individual space 1a. Therefore, the second individual space 2b has a protruding corner portion 33b at the position of the step 13b provided at the boundary with the fourth individual space 1a. By providing the protruding corner portion 33b in this manner, it becomes easier to recognize the second individual space 2b and the fourth individual space 1a separately from outside the building 100, and therefore the distinguishability of the second individual space 2b and the fourth individual space 1a from outside the building 100 can be improved.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 7, in this embodiment, a step 13c is formed so that the second individual space 2b protrudes further toward the road side than the fifth individual space 1b. Therefore, the second individual space 2b has a protruding corner portion 33c at the position of the step 13c provided at the boundary with the fifth individual space 1b. By providing the protruding corner portion 33c in this manner, it becomes easier to recognize the second individual space 2b and the fifth individual space 1b separately from outside the building 100, and therefore the distinguishability of the second individual space 2b and the fifth individual space 1b from outside the building 100 can be improved.

As described above, in this embodiment, steps 11a, 12a, 12b, 13a, 13b, and 13c are formed on the outer surface of the outer peripheral wall 103 at the boundaries between the first individual space 2a, the second individual space 2b, and the third individual space 2c on the second floor, and the fourth individual space 1a and the fifth individual space 1b on the first floor. Therefore, the first individual space 2a, the second individual space 2b, and the third individual space 2c on the second floor, and the fourth individual space 1a and the fifth individual space 1b on the first floor can be easily identified from outside the building 100.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, the step 11a that makes it possible to identify the position of the boundary between the fourth individual space 1a and the fifth individual space 1b is in a different horizontal position from the step 12a that makes it possible to identify the position of the boundary between the first individual space 2a and the second individual space 2b. In this way, by making the position of the step that is the boundary between individual spaces on the same floor different from the position of the step that is the boundary between individual spaces on a different floor, it is possible to further increase the identifiability of each individual space on each floor from the outside of the building 100.

The building and design method according to the present invention are not limited to the specific configuration and process of the above-mentioned embodiment, and various modifications and changes are possible as long as they do not deviate from the scope of the claims. In the building 100 of the above-mentioned embodiment, the three individual spaces 2 on the second floor are exemplified as the first individual space 2a, the second individual space 2b, and the third individual space 2c, but any three individual spaces that have a similar relationship may be used, and are not limited to the first individual space 2a, the second individual space 2b, and the third individual space 2c of this embodiment. Therefore, as long as a similar relationship is established, the three individual spaces may be located on another floor. In addition, the fourth individual space 1a and the fifth individual space 1b of the building 100 of the above-mentioned embodiment are configured to be adjacent to each other vertically below the floor on which the first individual space 2a and the second individual space 2b are arranged, but are not limited to this configuration. The fourth individual space and the fifth individual space may be adjacent to each other vertically above the floor on which the first individual space 2a and the second individual space 2b are arranged. Therefore, the first individual space, the second individual space, and the third individual space may be located, for example, on the first floor, and the fourth individual space and the fifth individual space may be located on the second floor. Furthermore, among the multiple individual spaces 1 and 2 arranged along the outer wall 103, any individual space 1 and 2 may not correspond to any of the first individual space 2a, the second individual space 2b, the third individual space 2c, the fourth individual space 1a, and the fifth individual space 1b shown in the above embodiment. In other words, the building according to the present invention may include individual spaces not specified in the claims.

The present invention relates to buildings and design methods.

1: Individual space 1a on the 1st floor (first collective floor): 4th individual space 1b: 5th individual space 2: Individual space 2a on the 2nd floor (second collective floor): 1st individual space 2b: 2nd individual space 2c: 3rd individual space 11: Step 11a on the 1st floor (first collective floor): Step between the 4th individual space and the 5th individual space 12: Step 12a on the 2nd floor (second collective floor): Step between the 1st individual space and the 2nd individual space 12b: Step between the 1st individual space and the 3rd individual space 13: Step 13a between the 1st floor (first collective floor) and the 2nd floor (second collective floor): 1st Step 13b between another space and the fourth individual space: Step 13c between the second individual space and the fourth individual space: Steps 31a, 31b between the second individual space and the fifth individual space: Corner 31c of the fifth individual space: Corner 32a, 32b of the fourth individual space: Corner 32c of the first individual space: Corner 32d of the second individual space: Corner 33a of the third individual space: Corner 33b, 33c of the first individual space: Corner 100 of the second individual space: Building 101: First collective floor 102: Second collective floor 103: Outer peripheral wall 105: Entrance passage

Claims (5)

A multi-storey building,
A first individual space and a second individual space are disposed consecutively along the outer peripheral wall on the same floor;
a third individual space that is disposed on the same floor as the floor including the first individual space and the second individual space and is disposed adjacent to the first individual space on the opposite side to the side where the second individual space is located;
a fourth individual space disposed adjacent to and vertically below the first individual space in a floor immediately below the floor including the first individual space and the second individual space;
a fifth individual space that is adjacent to the fourth individual space on the same floor as the fourth individual space and is disposed adjacent to the second individual space below in the vertical direction,
an outer surface of the outer peripheral wall is provided with a step that enables a position of a boundary between the first individual space and the second individual space to be identified, a step that enables a position of a boundary between the second individual space and the fifth individual space to be identified, a step that enables a position of a boundary between the fourth individual space and the fifth individual space to be identified, and a step that enables a position of a boundary between the first individual space and the fourth individual space to be identified;
the first individual space extends outwardly beyond the second individual space, the second individual space extends outwardly beyond the fifth individual space, the fifth individual space extends outwardly beyond the fourth individual space, and the first individual space extends outwardly beyond the fourth individual space,
A building in which, when viewed from the front on the outer peripheral wall, the widths of the first individual space and the second individual space are different, the widths of the first individual space and the third individual space are different, and the widths of the second individual space and the third individual space are different. The building described in claim 1, wherein the first individual space has a corner portion at at least one of the steps provided at the boundary with the second individual space and the steps provided at the boundary with the third individual space. The building described in claim 1 or 2, wherein a step that makes it possible to identify the position of the boundary between the fourth individual space and the fifth individual space has a different horizontal position than a step that makes it possible to identify the position of the boundary between the first individual space and the second individual space. The building according to claim 1 , wherein the fourth individual space and the fifth individual space have different widths when viewed from the front and facing each other from the outer surface side of the outer peripheral wall. A method for designing a multi-storey building, comprising the steps of:
A first individual space and a second individual space are continuously arranged along an outer peripheral wall in the same story such that the widths of the first individual space and the second individual space are different when viewed from the front in a facing relationship with the outer peripheral wall ,
a third individual space is disposed on the same floor as the floor including the first individual space and the second individual space, on an opposite side to the side on which the second individual space is disposed with respect to the first individual space, so that the first individual space and the third individual space have different widths and the second individual space and the third individual space have different widths when viewed from the front;
a fourth individual space is disposed adjacent to and below the first individual space in a vertical direction on a floor immediately below the floor including the first individual space and the second individual space;
A fifth individual space is disposed adjacent to the fourth individual space on the same floor as the fourth individual space and adjacent to a lower side of the second individual space in a vertical direction;
A building design method comprising the steps of: on the outer surface of the outer peripheral wall, a step in which the first individual space protrudes outwardly beyond the second individual space, making it possible to identify the position of the boundary between the first individual space and the second individual space; a step in which the second individual space protrudes outwardly beyond the fifth individual space, making it possible to identify the position of the boundary between the second individual space and the fifth individual space; a step in which the fifth individual space protrudes outwardly beyond the fourth individual space, making it possible to identify the position of the boundary between the fourth individual space and the fifth individual space; and a step in which the first individual space protrudes outwardly beyond the fourth individual space, making it possible to identify the position of the boundary between the first individual space and the fourth individual space .

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