JP7524940B2 - Solar radiation estimation system, air conditioning control system, air conditioning device, vehicle, building, solar radiation estimation method, air conditioning control method, and solar radiation estimation program - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a solar radiation estimation system, an air conditioning control system, an air conditioning device, a vehicle, a building, a solar radiation estimation method, an air conditioning control method, and a solar radiation estimation program.

Conventionally, there has been an air conditioner control device that is installed in a vehicle equipped with a navigation device and controls the vehicle air conditioner. The air conditioner control device includes a solar radiation sensor disposed in front of the vehicle, a solar radiation direction calculation means that calculates the presence or absence of solar radiation and the direction of entry of the solar radiation on the vehicle based on sun position information obtained from a sun position search map and road information including information on buildings around the road, and a solar radiation amount calculation means that calculates the amount of solar radiation based on the calculation result of the solar radiation direction calculation means and the detection value of the solar radiation sensor. The solar radiation amount calculation means corrects the amount of solar radiation based on information unique to the vehicle (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2002-362129 A

However, conventional air conditioner control devices do not take into account the amount of solar radiation in the sky, so the final solar radiation amount calculated differs significantly from the actual global solar radiation amount, resulting in low accuracy.

Therefore, the objective is to provide a solar radiation estimation system, air conditioning control system, air conditioning equipment, vehicle, building, solar radiation estimation method, air conditioning control method, and solar radiation estimation program that can estimate the amount of global solar radiation entering the interior of a vehicle, ship, aircraft, or building with high accuracy.

The solar radiation estimation system of an embodiment of the present invention includes an acquisition unit that acquires a first global solar radiation received on a reference surface on the outer surface of an object; a calculation unit that calculates a second global solar radiation on the reference surface at the time the first global solar radiation is acquired based on a solar constant, an atmospheric transmittance, a sky solar radiation transmittance, and a first relational value related to the orientation of the reference surface; a correction unit that corrects the atmospheric transmittance and the sky solar radiation transmittance, respectively, to obtain a corrected atmospheric transmittance and a corrected sky solar radiation transmittance so that the second global solar radiation is equal to the first global solar radiation; and an estimation unit that calculates an estimated global solar radiation, which is an estimated value of the global solar radiation on the specified outer surface at the time the first global solar radiation is acquired, based on the solar constant, the corrected atmospheric transmittance, the corrected sky solar radiation transmittance, and a second relational value related to the orientation of a specified outer surface among the outer surfaces of the object.

It is possible to provide a solar radiation estimation system, air conditioning control system, air conditioning equipment, vehicle, building, solar radiation estimation method, air conditioning control method, and solar radiation estimation program that can estimate the global amount of solar radiation entering the interior of a vehicle, ship, aircraft, or building with high accuracy.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining direct solar radiation, sky solar radiation, and ground reflected solar radiation used in the embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the arrangement of a roof and window glass of a vehicle. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the arrangement of a roof and window glass of a vehicle. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a solar azimuth angle and a solar altitude angle. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the incidence angle θ of direct solar radiation. FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the form factor _VFS . FIG. 1 is a diagram showing solar radiation incident on a window glass. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration in which a solar radiation estimation system according to an embodiment is mounted on a vehicle. 4 is a flowchart showing a process implemented by a solar radiation estimation program. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing experimental results of the solar radiation estimation system. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing experimental results of the solar radiation estimation system. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing experimental results of the solar radiation estimation system. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing experimental results of the solar radiation estimation system. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing experimental results of the solar radiation estimation system. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing experimental results of the solar radiation estimation system. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing experimental results of the solar radiation estimation system. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing experimental results of the solar radiation estimation system. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing experimental results of the solar radiation estimation system. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing experimental results of the solar radiation estimation system. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing experimental results of the solar radiation estimation system. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing experimental results of the solar radiation estimation system. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing experimental results of the solar radiation estimation system. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing experimental results of the solar radiation estimation system. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration in which a solar radiation estimation system according to a modified example of an embodiment is mounted on a vehicle. 1 is a diagram showing buildings, aircraft, and ships.

Below, we will explain embodiments that apply the solar radiation estimation system, air conditioning control system, air conditioning equipment, vehicle, building, solar radiation estimation method, air conditioning control method, and solar radiation estimation program of the present invention.

<Embodiment>
Fig. 1 is a diagram for explaining direct solar radiation, sky solar radiation, and ground reflected solar radiation used in the embodiment. In Fig. 1, the ground 1 is considered as a plane, and the sky 2 is considered as a hemispherical space. Direct solar radiation is the component of solar radiation (solar radiation) emitted from the sun S that directly reaches the ground. Sky solar radiation is the component of solar radiation that reaches outside the Earth's atmosphere and is scattered by molecules and suspended particles in the atmosphere before reaching the ground. Ground reflected solar radiation is the component of direct solar radiation and sky solar radiation that is reflected by the ground.

In the following, the amounts of solar radiation due to direct solar radiation, sky solar radiation, and ground reflected solar radiation are respectively referred to as direct solar radiation J _D , sky solar radiation J _S , and ground reflected solar radiation J _G. As shown in Fig. 1, for example, when calculating the amount of solar radiation entering the interior of a vehicle 10 through a window, the direct solar radiation J _D , sky solar radiation J _S , and ground reflected solar radiation J _G are taken into consideration. Of the total solar radiation, which is the sum of all the solar radiation that reaches the ground, the direct solar radiation J _D is about 70%, the sky solar radiation J _S is about 30%, and the ground reflected solar radiation J _G is about a few percent.

Figures 2 and 3 are diagrams showing the arrangement of the roof 11 and window panes 12WS, 12FR, 12RR, 12FL, 12RL, and 12RG (hereinafter referred to as window panes 12WS to 12RG) of the vehicle 10. Each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG is an example of a transparent wall that transmits solar radiation. Figure 2 shows the roof 11 and window panes 12WS, 12FL, 12RL, and 12RG in three dimensions from the diagonally forward left of the vehicle 10, while Figure 3 shows the roof 11 and window panes 12WS to 12RG in two dimensions.

Here, we define an XYZ coordinate system as the coordinate system of vehicle 10. The X direction is the front-to-rear direction (length direction) of vehicle 10, and the rearward direction is the +X direction. The Y direction is the lateral direction (width direction) of vehicle 10, and the rightward direction is the +Y direction. The Z direction is the up-down direction of vehicle 10, and the upward direction is the +Z direction.

The roof 11 is the roof of the vehicle 10, the window glass 12WS (Windshield) is the vehicle's windshield, the window glass 12FR is the right front side glass of the vehicle 10, and the window glass 12RR is the right rear side glass of the vehicle 10. The window glass 12FL is the left front side glass of the vehicle 10, the window glass 12RL is the left rear side glass of the vehicle 10, and the window glass 12RG is the rear glass of the vehicle 10. In Figure 2, the window glasses 12FR and 12RR are not visible due to the roof 11, but each arrow indicates a normal vector. As an example, the normal vectors of the roof 11 and the window glasses 12WS to 12RG are normal vectors at the center points of the outer surfaces of the roof 11 and the window glasses 12WS to 12RG, respectively. The vehicle 10 has data that expresses the coordinates and directions of the normal vectors of the roof 11 and the window glasses 12WS to 12RG in the XYZ coordinate system of the vehicle 10.

Figure 4 is a diagram showing solar azimuth angle A and solar altitude angle h. When defining north, south, east and west as shown in Figure 4, solar azimuth angle A (degrees) represents the azimuth angle of the sun S at a certain time on a certain date (year, month, day, hour, minute, second), with the east side relative to the south represented as a positive value and the west side as a negative value. Solar altitude angle h (degrees) is the altitude angle in the direction in which the sun S is located.

Figure 5 is a diagram showing the incidence angle θ of direct solar radiation on surface 20. Like Figure 4, Figure 5 also shows the solar azimuth angle A and solar altitude angle h. The inclination angle of surface 20 is β (degrees) and the azimuth angle is A'. The incidence angle θ (degrees) of direct solar radiation on surface 20 is the angle between the direction of the normal vector n of surface 20 and the direction specified by the solar azimuth angle A and the solar altitude angle h.

Fig. 6 is a diagram for explaining the view factor VF _S. The view factor VF _S represents the proportion of solar radiation reaching the surface 20 from the sky 2, and takes values between 0 and 1.0. As shown in Fig. 6(A), when the surface 20 is horizontal and the inclination angle β is 0 degrees, the view factor VF _S is 1.0. As shown in Fig. 6(B), when the inclination angle β is 90 degrees and the surface 20 is perpendicular to the ground 1, the view factor VF _S is 0.5.

Figure 7 shows the solar radiation (total of direct solar radiation, sky solar radiation, and ground reflected solar radiation) incident on the window glass 30. Solar radiation incident on the window glass 30 is divided into the portion that passes through the window glass 30 (transmitted amount), the portion that is reflected by the surface of the window glass 30 (reflected amount), and the portion that is absorbed by the window glass 30 (absorbed amount). The absorbed amount increases the temperature of the window glass 30, and is re-dissipated from the window glass 30 to the outside and inside.

Here, we will explain the calculation of the total solar radiation on the roof 11 using the solar radiation estimation method of the embodiment, and the calculation of the solar heat gain on the window panes 12WS to 12RG. Here, as an example, the roof 11 is taken as the reference surface. The vehicle 10 is an example of an object, and the roof 11 is an example of a reference surface on the outer surface of the object. Furthermore, each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG is an example of a specified outer surface of the outer surface of the object.

In the solar radiation estimation method of the embodiment, the global solar radiation on the roof 11, which is the reference surface, is calculated before calculating the amount of solar heat gained by the window panes 12WS to 12RG. When calculating the global solar radiation, the sky solar radiation is considered in addition to the direct solar radiation and the ground reflected solar radiation. In this case, the sky solar radiation is not added directly to the direct solar radiation and the ground reflected solar radiation, but rather the value obtained by multiplying the sky solar radiation by the sky solar transmittance SRT is added.

Sky solar radiation transmittance SRT is the proportion (transmittance) of sky solar radiation that passes through the atmosphere and reaches the ground 1. The proportion of sky solar radiation that reaches the ground 1 differs between a clear, blue sky and a cloudy sky. Sky solar radiation transmittance SRT represents the transmittance of such sky solar radiation, and takes values between 0 and 1.0.

Then, a convergent calculation is performed so that the global solar radiation calculated for the roof 11 approximately matches the global solar radiation obtained by the pyranometer. In the convergent calculation, the sky solar radiation transmittance SRT and the atmospheric transmittance P are corrected to obtain a corrected sky solar radiation transmittance CSRT and a corrected atmospheric transmittance CP that provide an accurate global solar radiation that approximately matches the global solar radiation obtained by the pyranometer. Note that the atmospheric transmittance P represents the proportion of solar radiation that passes through the atmosphere before entering the atmosphere.

The corrected sky solar transmittance CSRT and corrected atmospheric transmittance CP determined for the roof 11, which is the reference surface, are then used to calculate the global solar radiation for each of the window panes 12WS-12RG. Because the roof 11 and the window panes 12WS-12RG, which are the surfaces to be measured, are located very close to each other, it is considered appropriate to use a common corrected sky solar transmittance CSRT and corrected atmospheric transmittance CP. Using the corrected sky solar transmittance CSRT and corrected atmospheric transmittance CP, an accurate global solar radiation amount for each of the window panes 12WS-12RG is determined, taking into account factors such as differences in the direction of the normal vectors between the roof 11 and the window panes 12WS-12RG.

Then, the total solar heat gain, which is the sum of the solar heat gains for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG, is calculated using the global solar radiation calculated for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG. This is explained in detail below.

The amount of global solar radiation _JTS on the roof 11, which is the reference surface, is expressed by the following equation (1).

The amount of direct solar radiation _JD on the roof 11 can be calculated by the following formula (2).

In formula (2), _I0 is the solar constant, R is the radius vector of the Earth, P is the atmospheric transmittance of direct solar radiation, and h is the solar altitude angle. θ is the angle of incidence of direct solar radiation on the roof 11, and can be considered by replacing the surface 20 shown in Fig. 5 with the roof 11. As the solar constant _I0 , a value listed in the Science Almanac or the like can be used, for example. The value of the solar constant _I0 may be updated, so when it is updated, the updated value can be used.

The calculation method of the radius R of the earth and the solar altitude angle h may be used, for example, as described in document (1) "Calculation of the solar position, by Matsumoto Shinichi, Technical Commentary, Meteorological Data System Co., Ltd., 2016." The atmospheric transmittance P may be calculated, for example, as described in document (2) "Separation of direct and diffuse radiation and calculation of inclined surface solar radiation, by Akasaka Yutaka, Technical Commentary, Meteorological Data System Co., Ltd., 2017." Here, however, an appropriate initial value is set as an example. An appropriate initial value of the atmospheric transmittance P is 0.7, for example. Cosθ may be calculated using equation (5) described later.

The amount of sky radiation J _S on the roof 11 can be calculated using the sky radiation transmittance SRT according to the following formula (3). When calculating the amount of sky radiation J _S for the roof 11 as a reference surface, the sky radiation transmittance SRT can be set to an appropriate initial value. As an example, an appropriate initial value for the sky radiation transmittance SRT is 1.0.

In formula (3), the view factor VF _S is the view factor VF _S of the roof 11 with respect to the entire sky (the entire sky 2), and as an example, it may be determined by formula (6) described below using the inclination angle β of the roof 11. In addition, the solar constant I ₀ , the radius vector R of the earth, and the solar altitude angle h may be calculated using, for example, a calculation method similar to that of formula (2).

The amount of solar radiation reflected from the ground _JG on the roof 11 can be calculated by the following formula (4).

In formula (4), the view factor _VFG is the view factor _VFG of the roof 11 with respect to the ground 1, and can be calculated by formula (7) described later using the inclination angle β of the roof 11. In formula (4), ρ is the ground reflectance. The ground reflectance ρ can be calculated, for example, by the method described in document (3) "Latest Architectural Environmental Engineering [Revised 3rd Edition], Inoue Shoin, 2006. Written by Tanaka Shunroku, Takeda Hitoshi, Adachi Tetsuo, Tsuchiya Takao, and Terao Michihito."

In addition, in formula (4), the sky radiation J _S may use the value calculated by formula (3). The view factor VF _S is the view factor VF _S of the roof 11 with respect to the entire sky (the entire sky 2), and may be calculated, for example, by formula (6) described below using the inclination angle β of the roof 11. In addition, the solar constant I ₀ , the radius vector R of the earth, and the solar altitude angle h may use, for example, the same values as those in formula (2).

The cosine (cos θ) of the incidence angle θ of direct solar radiation on roof 11 can be calculated using the solar altitude angle h, the inclination angle β of roof 11, the azimuth angle A of the sun, and the azimuth angle A' of roof 11 using the following equation (5).

The view factor _VFS of the roof 11 with respect to the entire sky (the entire sky 2) can be calculated using the inclination angle β of the roof 11 by the following equation (6).

The view factor _VFG of the roof 11 with respect to the ground 1 can be calculated using the inclination angle β of the roof 11 by the following equation (7).

The amount of direct solar radiation _JD calculated based on equations (2) and (5), the amount of sky solar radiation _JS calculated based on equations (3) and (6), and the amount of ground-reflected solar radiation _JG calculated based on equations (4), (6), and (7) are added together in accordance with equation (1), so that the amount of global solar radiation _JTS on the roof 11, which is the reference surface, can be calculated.

Next, a convergent calculation is performed so that the global solar radiation _JTS calculated for the roof 11, which is the reference surface, substantially coincides with the global solar radiation obtained by the pyranometer, and a corrected sky solar radiation transmittance CSRT and a corrected atmospheric transmittance CP that provide an accurate global solar radiation substantially coincident with the global solar radiation obtained by the pyranometer are calculated. As an example of the convergent calculation, a bisection method can be used.

Next, the corrected sky solar transmittance CSRT and the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP are used to determine the total solar radiation _JTS for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG.

The amount of global solar radiation _JTS on each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG is expressed by the following formula (8): Formula (8) is the same as formula (1) for the roof 11, which is the reference surface.

The amount of direct solar radiation _JD on each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG can be calculated separately using the following formula (9).

In equation (9), CP is the corrected atmospheric transmittance calculated by the convergence calculation described above. θ is the angle of incidence of direct solar radiation on each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG, and can be calculated by replacing the surface 20 shown in FIG. 5 with the window panes 12WS to 12RG. cos θ can be calculated for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG in the same way as for the roof 11. Note that the solar constant I ₀ , the radius vector R of the earth, and the solar altitude angle h can use the same values as in equation (2).

The amount of solar radiation J _S at each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG can be calculated by the following formula (10).

In formula (10), CP is the corrected atmospheric transmittance obtained by the convergence calculation described above, and CSRT is the corrected sky solar transmittance obtained by the convergence calculation described above. In formula (10), the view factor VF _S is the view factor VF _S of each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG with respect to the entire sky (the entire sky 2), and may be obtained, for example, by formula (13) described below using the inclination angle β of each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG. In addition, the values of the solar constant I ₀ , the radius vector R of the earth, and the solar altitude angle h may be, for example, the same values as those in formula (2).

The amount of solar radiation reflected from the ground _JG at each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG can be calculated using the following formula (11).

In formula (11), CP is the corrected atmospheric transmittance calculated by the convergence calculation described above. The view factor _VFG is the view factor _VFG of each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG with respect to the ground 1, and can be calculated by formula (14) described later using the inclination angle β of each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG. The ground reflectance ρ may be the same value as that used in formula (4).

Furthermore, when calculating the ground-reflected solar radiation _JG for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG using formula (11), the sky solar radiation J _S calculated using formula (10) for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG can be used. The view factor VF _S for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG is the view factor VF _S for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG with respect to the entire sky (the entire sky 2), and can be calculated, for example, using formula (13) described below using the inclination angle β of each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG. The values of the solar constant I ₀ , the radius vector R of the earth, and the solar altitude angle h can be, for example, the same as those in formula (2).

The incidence angle θ of direct solar radiation on each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG can be calculated using the solar altitude angle h, the solar azimuth angle A, and the inclination angle β and azimuth angle A' for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG using the following equation (12).

The view factor VF _S of each of the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG with respect to the entire sky (the entire sky 2) can be calculated using the inclination angle β of each of the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG according to the following formula (13).

Moreover, the view factor _VFG of each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG with respect to the ground 1 can be calculated by the following formula (14) using the inclination angle β of each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG.

For each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG, by adding together the direct solar radiation _JD calculated based on equations (9) and (12), the sky solar radiation _JS calculated based on equations (10) and (13), and the ground reflected solar radiation _JG calculated based on equations (11), (13), and (14) in accordance with equation (8), it is possible to separately calculate the global solar radiation _JTS for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG.

That is, by performing the calculations using equations (8) to (14) separately for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG, the global solar radiation _JTS can be calculated separately for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG.

Next, the total solar radiation _JTS calculated for each of the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG is multiplied by the solar heat gain coefficient _TTS for each of the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG to calculate the solar heat gain _QTS (W/ ^m2 ) for each of the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG. The solar heat gain _QTS (W/ ^m2 ) is a value per unit area. The solar heat gain _QTS for each of the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG represents the amount of heat (W/ ^m2 ) that enters the interior of the vehicle 10 (gained by the vehicle compartment) through each of the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG due to solar radiation. The solar heat gain _QTS can be calculated according to the following formula (15).

Here, the solar heat gain coefficient _TTS is expressed by the following equation (16), and the coefficient _qi included in equation (16) is given by the following equation (17). The solar heat gain coefficient _TTS and the coefficient qi are determined separately for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG.

When determining the solar heat gain coefficient _TTS for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG, the solar transmittance _TDS in equation (16) and the solar absorptance α, the outdoor heat transfer coefficient h _e , and the indoor heat transfer coefficient h _i in equation (17) may be derived, for example, in accordance with the method described in document (4) “Road vehicles—Safety glazing materials—Method for the determination of solar transmittance, ISO13837,2008.”

The total solar heat gain _CQTS (W), which represents the amount of heat entering the passenger compartment of the vehicle 10, is calculated as the sum of the products obtained by multiplying the solar heat gain _QTS determined for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG by the area S of each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG, as shown in the following equation (18).

In addition, when the solar transmittance _TDS and solar absorptance α of each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG have incident angle characteristics that change depending on the incident angle of solar radiation to each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG, calculations can be performed taking into account the incident angle characteristics in accordance with the calculation method described in document (5) “Thermal performance of windows and doors - Calculation of solar heat gain coefficient, JIS A 2103, 2014.”

Figure 8 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration in which the solar radiation estimation system 100 of the embodiment is mounted on a vehicle 10. Figure 8 shows components mounted on the vehicle 10, including an HVAC (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning)-ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 200, a powertrain ECU 300A, a navigation ECU 300B, and an ECU 300C, a communication unit 300D, an actinometer 101, an outside air temperature sensor 410, a room temperature sensor 420, a humidity sensor 430, a vehicle speed sensor 440, a GPS (Global Positioning System) unit 450, an acceleration sensor 460, and an HVAC unit 470. The powertrain ECU 300A is an example of an electronic control unit, the navigation ECU 300B is an example of a navigation control unit, the ECU 300C is an example of an electronic control unit, and the communication unit 300D is an example of a communication unit, an example of a receiving unit, and an example of an acquiring unit.

Here, the HVAC-ECU 200, the powertrain ECU 300A, the navigation ECU 300B, and the ECU 300C are realized by a computer including a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), an input/output interface, and an internal bus. The communication unit 300D is, for example, a communication device that performs wireless communication via a public communication line such as 4G (Fourth Generation), LTE (Long Term Evolution), or 5G (Fifth Generation). The HVAC-ECU 200, the powertrain ECU 300A, the navigation ECU 300B, the ECU 300C, and the communication unit 300D are connected to each other via a CAN (Controller Area Network) bus 50 so that they can communicate with each other.

The HVAC-ECU 200 is an ECU that controls the HVAC unit 470 of the vehicle 10. The HVAC unit 470 is an example of an air conditioning device, and includes a heater, a ventilation device, an air conditioning device, etc. The HVAC-ECU 200 is connected to a solar pyranometer 101, an outside air temperature sensor 410, a room temperature sensor 420, and a humidity sensor 430.

The HVAC-ECU 200 has a main control unit 110, a calculation unit 120, a correction unit 130, an estimation unit 140, a calculation unit 150, a memory 160, a control unit 210, and a memory 220. The main control unit 110, the calculation unit 120, the correction unit 130, the estimation unit 140, the calculation unit 150, and the control unit 210 are functional blocks showing the functions of the programs executed by the HVAC-ECU 200. Furthermore, the memories 160 and 220 are functional representations of the memory of the HVAC-ECU 200.

Here, the main control unit 110, the calculation unit 120, the correction unit 130, the estimation unit 140, the calculation unit 150, the memory 160, and the actinometer 101 constitute the solar radiation estimation system 100, so these reference numerals are indicated with the reference numeral 100 in parentheses. The solar radiation estimation method of the embodiment is performed by the actinometer 101, the main control unit 110, the calculation unit 120, the correction unit 130, the estimation unit 140, and the calculation unit 150. More specifically, the solar radiation estimation method of the embodiment is realized by the acquisition of the total solar radiation by the actinometer 101 and the processing executed by the main control unit 110, the calculation unit 120, the correction unit 130, the estimation unit 140, and the calculation unit 150.

Furthermore, among the components of the solar radiation estimation system 100, the main control unit 110, the calculation unit 120, the correction unit 130, the estimation unit 140, the calculation unit 150, and the memory 160 are functional blocks that realize the solar radiation estimation program of the embodiment, and are included in the HVAC-ECU 200, as an example. The main control unit 110, the calculation unit 120, the correction unit 130, the estimation unit 140, the calculation unit 150, and the memory 160 are included in the HVAC-ECU 200 because, as an example, the solar radiation estimation program of the embodiment is installed in the HVAC-ECU 200. However, the main control unit 110, the calculation unit 120, the correction unit 130, the estimation unit 140, the calculation unit 150, and the memory 160 may be installed in a unique ECU (solar radiation estimation ECU) different from the HVAC-ECU 200. In this case, the solar radiation estimation ECU can be connected to the HVAC-ECU 200, the powertrain ECU 300A, the navigation ECU 300B, the ECU 300C, and the communication unit 300D via the CAN bus 50.

The main control unit 110, the calculation unit 120, the correction unit 130, the estimation unit 140, and the calculation unit 150 perform processing to realize the solar radiation estimation program of the embodiment, and the memory 160 stores data used to realize the solar radiation estimation program of the embodiment. Before describing the main control unit 110, the calculation unit 120, the correction unit 130, the estimation unit 140, the calculation unit 150, and the memory 160, other components mounted on the vehicle 10 will first be described.

The control unit 210 is an example of an air conditioning control unit, and controls the HVAC unit 470 using the total solar radiation heat gain CQ _TS calculated by the calculation unit 150. The memory 220 stores programs, data, and the like used to adjust the temperature and humidity inside the vehicle 10 by the HVAC unit 470. Here, the solar radiation estimation system 100, the control unit 210, and the HVAC unit 470 constitute an air conditioning control system of the embodiment. Furthermore, the HVAC-ECU 200 having the calculation unit 120, the correction unit 130, and the estimation unit 140, and the HVAC unit 470 constitute an air conditioning device of the embodiment. The HVAC-ECU 200 of this air conditioning device may further include a calculation unit 150. Furthermore, the air conditioning control system of the embodiment and the control method of the HVAC unit 470 in the air conditioning device of the embodiment are air conditioning control methods of the embodiment.

The powertrain ECU 300A controls the powertrain of the vehicle 10. When the vehicle 10 is an EV (Electric Vehicle), the powertrain controls the motor as the power source, the inverter used to drive the motor, and the charging and discharging of the battery. When the vehicle 10 is an HV (Hybrid Vehicle) or a plug-in HV, the powertrain ECU 300A controls the engine ignition timing, fuel injection amount, etc. in addition to controlling the motor, inverter, and battery charging and discharging. When the vehicle 10 is powered by an engine, the powertrain ECU 300A controls the engine ignition timing, fuel injection amount, etc.

A vehicle speed sensor 440 is connected to the powertrain ECU 300A. The powertrain ECU 300A transmits vehicle speed data acquired from the vehicle speed sensor 440 to the HVAC-ECU 200 and the navigation ECU 300B via the CAN bus 50. The vehicle speed data may also be transmitted to the ECU 300C and the communication unit 300D.

A GPS unit 450 is connected to the navigation ECU 300B. The navigation ECU 300B performs processes such as route search, route guidance, and arrival time prediction using position data acquired from the GPS unit 450. The position data is transmitted from the navigation ECU 300B to the HVAC-ECU 200 via the CAN bus 50. The navigation ECU 300B is an example of a navigation control unit, and the GPS unit 450 is an example of a position data acquisition unit.

ECU 300C refers to an ECU other than powertrain ECU 300A and navigation ECU 300B that is mounted on vehicle 10. As an example, an acceleration sensor 460 is connected to ECU 300, and acceleration data acquired by ECU 300 from the acceleration sensor is transmitted to HVAC-ECU 200 via CAN bus 50. The acceleration data indicates the traveling direction of vehicle 10 and the inclination in the longitudinal and lateral directions.

The communication unit 300D downloads various data from a server or the like external to the vehicle 10 via the Internet, and uploads data of the vehicle 10 to the server. The communication unit 300D outputs the received data to the CAN bus 50. The communication unit 300D may be a receiving unit that receives a beacon signal or the like.

The outside air temperature sensor 410, the room temperature sensor 420, and the humidity sensor 430 acquire data representing the air temperature outside the vehicle 10 (outside air temperature), the temperature inside the vehicle 10, and the humidity inside the vehicle 10, respectively, and transmit these to the HVAC-ECU 200. The vehicle speed sensor 440 and the GPS unit 450 detect the vehicle speed and position (latitude, longitude), respectively, and transmit the vehicle speed data and position data to the powertrain ECU 300A and the navigation ECU 300B. The position data includes time data representing the date and time (year, month, day, hour, minute, second) when the position data was acquired.

The actinometer 101 is an example of an acquisition unit, and as an example, is disposed on the roof 11 (see Figures 2 and 3), which is a reference surface on the outer surface of the vehicle 10, and acquires the amount of solar radiation on the roof 11. The amount of solar radiation acquired by the actinometer 101 includes all of the direct solar radiation, sky solar radiation, and ground reflected solar radiation on the roof 11, and is therefore an actual measured value of the total solar radiation on the roof 11. The actual measured value of the total solar radiation acquired by the actinometer 101 is an example of a first total solar radiation. The outer surface of the vehicle 10 is a surface that is on the outside of the vehicle 10 and receives solar radiation.

The main control unit 110 is a processing unit that controls the processing of the solar radiation estimation program, and performs processing other than the processing performed by the calculation unit 120, the correction unit 130, the estimation unit 140, and the calculation unit 150. For example, the main control unit 110 obtains the amount of global solar radiation from the pyranometer 101 and stores it in the memory 160.

The calculation unit 120 calculates the amount of global solar radiation _JTS on the roof 11 using the formulas (1) to (7) when the actinometer 101 acquires the amount of global solar radiation (actual measurement value). The amount of global solar radiation _JTS calculated by the calculation unit 120 for the roof 11 is an example of a second amount of global solar radiation. The calculation unit 120 calculates the amount of global solar radiation _JTS on the roof 11 at the time the actual measurement value is acquired in order to compare the actual measurement value with a calculated value calculated under conditions at the same time as when the actual measurement value was acquired.

The calculation unit 120 calculates the amount of global solar radiation _JTS on the roof 11 in accordance with equation (1) as follows:

When calculating the amount of direct solar radiation _JD using equation (2), the calculation unit 120 uses the following data as the solar constant I ₀ , the Earth's radius R, the atmospheric transmittance P, the solar altitude angle h, and cos θ.

The calculation unit 120 uses, as the solar constant _I0 , a value recorded in the Scientific Almanac or the like, as an example, but if the value is updated, the updated value may be used. Furthermore, for the atmospheric transmittance, the calculation unit 120 uses an appropriate initial value of the atmospheric transmittance P. As an example, the appropriate initial value is 1.0.

Furthermore, for the Earth's radius R and solar altitude angle h, the calculation unit 120 may use values corresponding to the date and time (year, month, day, hour, minute, second) when the actinometer 101 acquired the amount of global solar radiation. The time data used to determine the Earth's radius R and solar altitude angle h may be the time data included in the position data acquired from the navigation ECU 300B, or the time data used by the HVAC-ECU 200. Table data that associates the Earth's radius R and solar altitude angle h with the date and time (year, month, day, hour, minute, second) is stored in the memory 160, and the Earth's radius R and solar altitude angle h can be determined using the time data.

Furthermore, for cos θ, the calculation unit 120 uses the value for the roof 11 at the time when the actinometer 101 obtained the amount of global solar radiation. This is because cos θ changes depending on the date and time. For the position data (including time data) used when calculating cos θ, it is sufficient to use the time data included in the position data obtained from the navigation ECU 300B, or the time data used by the HVAC-ECU 200.

Of the solar altitude angle h, inclination angle β, solar azimuth angle A, and azimuth angle A' used to calculate cosθ based on equation (5), the solar altitude angle h can be calculated using the value calculated as described above. The inclination angle β and azimuth angle A' are values for the roof 11.

The inclination angle β of the roof 11 can be determined based on the acceleration data acquired by the acceleration sensor 460 and data representing the normal vector of the roof 11 in the XYZ coordinate system of the vehicle 10. The inclination angle β of the roof 11 is an example of a first relational value related to the orientation of the reference plane.

The acceleration data represents the direction of travel of the vehicle 10 and the inclination in the longitudinal and lateral directions. Data representing the normal vector of the roof 11 in the XYZ coordinate system of the vehicle 10, which is used to calculate the inclination angle β, may be stored in memory 160.

For the solar azimuth angle A, a value corresponding to the date and time (year, month, day, hour, minute, second) when the pyranometer 101 acquired the amount of global solar radiation may be used. The time data used to determine the solar azimuth angle A may be the time data used to determine the Earth's radius R and the solar altitude angle h. Table data relating the solar azimuth angle A to the date and time (year, month, day, hour, minute, second) may be stored in memory 160, and the solar azimuth angle A may be determined using the time data.

The azimuth angle A' of the roof 11 can be determined based on the acceleration data acquired by the acceleration sensor 460 and data representing the normal vector of the roof 11 in the XYZ coordinate system of the vehicle 10.

The calculation unit 120 uses the values obtained as described above and equations (2) and (5) to calculate the amount of direct solar radiation _JD on the roof 11. The amount of direct solar radiation _JD on the roof 11 calculated by the calculation unit 120 is an example of a first amount of direct solar radiation.

The calculation unit 120 also calculates the amount of sky solar radiation J _S for the roof 11 according to formula (3). At this time, the values used for calculating the amount of direct solar radiation J _D may be used for the solar constant I ₀ , the radius vector R of the earth, the solar altitude angle h, and the atmospheric transmittance P. The view factor VF _S may be calculated according to formula (6) using the inclination angle β of the roof 11 used for calculating the amount of direct solar radiation J _D. The sky solar radiation transmittance SRT may be set to an appropriate initial value. An appropriate initial value for the sky solar radiation transmittance SRT is 1.0, for example. The sky solar radiation J _S calculated by the calculation unit 120 is an example of a first sky solar radiation.

The calculation unit 120 also calculates the ground reflected solar radiation _JG for the roof 11 according to formula (4). At this time, the values used when calculating the sky solar radiation _JS may be used for the solar constant _I0 , the radius vector R of the earth, the solar altitude angle h, the atmospheric transmittance P, and the view factor VF _S. The view factor VF _G may be calculated according to formula (7) using the inclination angle β of the roof 11 used when calculating the direct solar radiation _JD . The ground reflectance ρ may be calculated by the method described in the above-mentioned document (3). The ground reflected solar radiation _JG calculated by the calculation unit 120 is an example of a first ground reflected solar radiation.

The calculation unit 120 adds the amount of direct solar radiation _JD , the amount of sky solar radiation _JS , and the amount of ground reflected solar radiation _JG calculated as described above according to formula (1) to calculate the amount of global solar radiation _JTS on the roof 11. The amount of global solar radiation _JTS calculated by the calculation unit 120 for the roof 11 is an example of a second global solar radiation.

The correction unit 130 performs a convergence calculation so that the global solar radiation J _TS (calculated value) calculated by the calculation unit 120 approximately matches the global solar radiation (actual measured value) acquired by the pyranometer 101. In the convergence calculation, the sky solar radiation transmittance SRT and the atmospheric transmittance P are corrected to obtain a corrected sky solar radiation transmittance CSRT and a corrected atmospheric transmittance CP that provide an accurate global solar radiation J _TS that approximately matches the global solar radiation acquired by the pyranometer 101. As an example of the convergence calculation, a bisection method is used. Furthermore, approximately matching means, for example, that the error of the calculated value with respect to the actual measured value is ±1% or less. It is to be noted that a convergence calculation method other than the bisection method may be used.

The estimation unit 140 calculates the global solar radiation _JTS for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG according to equations (8) to (14) using the corrected sky solar transmittance CSRT and the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP obtained by the correction unit 130. The global solar radiation _JTS calculated by the estimation unit 140 for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG is an example of an estimated global solar radiation.

The estimation unit 140 calculates the amount of global solar radiation _JTS on each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG in accordance with equation (8) as follows:

When calculating the direct solar radiation _JD using equation (9), the estimation unit 140 uses the following data as the solar constant _I0 , the Earth's radius R, the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP, the solar altitude angle h, and cos θ. The direct solar radiation _JD calculated by the estimation unit 140 is an example of a second direct solar radiation, and is an estimated value obtained using the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP.

The estimation unit 140 may use, as the solar constant _I0 , the same value as that used by the calculation unit 120 when calculating the global solar radiation _JTS on the roof 11. Furthermore, as for the atmospheric transmittance, the estimation unit 140 uses the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP calculated by the correction unit 130.

Furthermore, the estimation unit 140 may use the same values for the earth's radius R and the solar altitude angle h as those used by the calculation unit 120 when calculating the global solar radiation _JTS on the roof 11 .

Furthermore, for cos θ, the estimation unit 140 uses a unique value for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG at the time when the actinometer 101 acquires the amount of global solar radiation. This is because cos θ changes depending on the date and time, and the window panes 12WS to 12RG have different orientations (different directions of normal vectors).

The position data (including time data) used when calculating cos θ can be the time data contained in the position data obtained from the navigation ECU 300B, or the time data used by the HVAC-ECU 200.

Of the solar altitude angle h, inclination angle β, solar azimuth angle A, and azimuth angle A' used when calculating cos θ based on equation (12), the solar altitude angle h may be the same as the value used by the calculation unit 120 when calculating the global solar radiation _JTS on the roof 11. The inclination angle β and the azimuth angle A' are different for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG.

The inclination angle β of each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG can be determined based on the acceleration data acquired by the acceleration sensor 460 and data representing the normal vector of each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG in the XYZ coordinate system of the vehicle 10. The inclination angle β of the window panes 12WS to 12RG is an example of a second relational value related to the orientation of a predetermined outer surface among the outer surfaces of the object.

Data representing the normal vectors of each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG in the XYZ coordinate system of the vehicle 10 may be stored in the memory 160. For the solar azimuth angle A, the same value as that used by the calculation unit 120 when calculating the global solar radiation _JTS on the roof 11 may be used.

The azimuth angle A' of each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG can be determined based on the acceleration data acquired by the acceleration sensor 460 and data representing the normal vectors of each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG in the XYZ coordinate system of the vehicle 10.

The estimation unit 140 uses the values obtained as described above to calculate the amount of direct solar radiation _JD for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG using equations (9) and (12).

The estimation unit 140 also calculates the amount of sky radiation J _S for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG according to formula (10). The amount of sky radiation J _S calculated by the estimation unit 140 is an example of a second sky radiation, and is an estimated value obtained using the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP and the corrected sky solar transmittance CSRT.

The estimation unit 140 may use the values of the solar constant I ₀ , the earth's radius R, and the solar altitude angle h when calculating the direct solar radiation J _D for each of the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG. The solar constant I ₀ , the earth's radius R, and the solar altitude angle h are common values for the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG. Furthermore, the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP may be used for the atmospheric transmittance.

The view factor _VFS can be calculated according to formula (13) using the inclination angle β of each of the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG when calculating the amount of direct solar radiation _JD for each of the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG. Also, the corrected sky solar transmittance CSRT corrected by the correction unit 130 can be used.

The estimation unit 140 also calculates the ground reflected solar radiation _{JG for each of the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG according to formula (11). At this time, the values of the solar constant I0, the earth's radius R, the solar altitude angle h, the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP, and the view factor VF S used when calculating the sky solar radiation J S for each of} the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG may be used. The solar constant _I0 , the earth's radius R, the solar altitude angle h, and the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP are common values for the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG, while the view factor VF _S is a different value for each of the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG. This is because the inclination angle β is different for each of the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG.

The view factor _VFG can be calculated according to formula (14) using the inclination angle β for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG. The ground reflectance ρ can be calculated using the value used by the calculation unit 120 to calculate the ground reflected solar radiation _JG for the roof 11. The ground reflected solar radiation _JG calculated by the estimation unit 140 is an example of a second ground reflected solar radiation.

The estimation unit 140 calculates the global solar radiation JTS for each of the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG by adding the direct solar radiation _JD , the sky solar radiation _JS , and the ground reflected solar radiation _JG calculated as described above according to formula (8). The global solar radiation _JTS calculated by the estimation unit 140 for each of the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG is an example of an estimated global solar radiation, and is an estimated value obtained using the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP and the corrected sky solar transmittance CSRT. The estimation unit 140 calculates six global solar radiation _{amounts JTS} for the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG.

The calculation unit 150 performs the following calculation process when calculating the solar heat gain amount _QTS of each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG according to equation (15): First, the calculation unit 150 obtains the solar heat gain coefficient _TTS of each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG according to equation (16).

When calculating the solar heat gain coefficient _TTS , the solar transmittance _TDS and the coefficient _qi expressed by the formula (17) are used. To calculate the coefficient _qi , the values of the solar absorptance α, the outdoor heat transfer coefficient h _e , and the indoor heat transfer coefficient h _i are used. The values of the solar transmittance _TDS and the solar absorptance α are predetermined for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG, so they may be stored in the memory 160.

The indoor heat transfer coefficient h _i and the outdoor heat transfer coefficient h _e for the window panes 12WS to 12RG can be calculated by the calculation method described in the document (4). The glass temperature of each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG can be calculated based on the outside air temperature acquired by the outside air temperature sensor 410 and the room temperature acquired by the room temperature sensor 420.

The calculation unit 150 calculates the coefficient qi according to equation (17) using the solar absorptance α read from the memory 160 and the indoor heat transfer coefficient h _i and the outdoor heat transfer coefficient h _e calculated as described above. The calculation unit 150 then calculates the solar heat gain _{coefficient TTS} according to equation (16) using the solar transmittance _TDS read from the memory 160 and the coefficient _qi .

The calculation unit 150 multiplies the total solar radiation _JTS calculated for each of the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG by the solar heat gain coefficient _TTS of each of the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG in accordance with formula (15) to calculate the solar heat gain amount _QTS of each of the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG. In this manner, the solar heat gain amount _QTS of each of the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG is calculated.

The calculation unit 150 calculates the total amount of solar heat gain _CQTS in the interior of the vehicle 10 by multiplying the amount of solar heat gain QTS calculated for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG by the area S of each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG in accordance with formula (18). Data representing the area S of each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG may be stored in the memory 160. In this manner, the total amount of solar heat gain _CQTS entering the interior of the vehicle ₁₀ due to solar radiation is calculated.

Figure 9 is a flowchart showing the processing performed by the solar radiation estimation program. The solar radiation estimation program executes the processing from start to end shown in Figure 9 repeatedly every second, as an example.

When processing starts, the main control unit 110 obtains the current time (date and time (year, month, day, hour, minute, second)), the position of the vehicle 10 (latitude, longitude), the azimuth angle of the vehicle 10's direction of travel, and the inclination angle of the vehicle 10 (step S1). The current time and the position of the vehicle 10 (latitude, longitude) may be obtained from the position data (including time data) obtained by the GPS unit 450. Note that the current time may be determined using the time data used by the HVAC-ECU 200. The azimuth angle of the vehicle 10's direction of travel may be obtained based on the position data and the acceleration data obtained by the acceleration sensor 460. As for the inclination angle of the vehicle 10, the longitudinal inclination angle and lateral inclination angle represented by the acceleration data may be obtained.

The main control unit 110 reads out the normal vector data for each of the roof 11 and the window panes 12WS to 12RG from the memory 160, and converts the coordinates of all normal vectors into coordinates of normal vectors in an absolute coordinate system using the position, azimuth, and tilt angle of the vehicle 10 (step S2). Here, the absolute coordinate system is a coordinate system that represents positions and directions on the earth, and as an example, the coordinates of the positioning system used in GPS can be used.

The main control unit 110 uses table data for calculating the solar azimuth angle A and the solar altitude angle h stored in the memory 160 to determine the solar azimuth angle A and the solar altitude angle h at the current time (step S3).

The calculation unit 120 calculates the total solar radiation _JTS on the roof 11 according to equation (1) (step S4). More specifically, the calculation unit 120 calculates the direct solar radiation _JD , the sky solar radiation _JS , and the ground reflected solar radiation _JG on the roof 11 according to equations (2) to (7), and adds them together according to equation (1) to calculate the total solar radiation _JTS .

The correction unit 130 performs convergence calculations to correct the sky solar radiation transmittance SRT and the atmospheric transmittance P, and obtains the corrected sky solar radiation transmittance CSRT and the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP that provide an accurate global solar radiation _JTS that approximately matches the global solar radiation obtained by the pyranometer 101 (step S5).

The estimation unit 140 calculates the global solar radiation _JTS for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG according to equations (8) to (14) using the corrected sky solar radiation transmittance CSRT and the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP (step S6). More specifically, the estimation unit 140 calculates the direct solar radiation _JD , sky solar radiation _JS , and ground reflected solar radiation _JG for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG according to equations (9) to (14), and adds them up separately for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG according to equation (8) to calculate the global solar radiation _JTS for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG.

The calculation unit 150 calculates the amount of solar heat gain _QTS of each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG in accordance with equation (15) (step S7). The solar heat gain coefficient _TTS can be found in accordance with equation (16).

The calculation unit 150 calculates the total solar heat gain CQ _TS in the interior of the vehicle 10 according to the formula (18) (step S8). The calculation unit 150 stores the calculated total solar heat gain CQ _TS in the memory 160.

This completes the series of processes performed by the solar radiation estimation program (END). The main control unit 110 reads out the total solar heat gain CQ _TS from the memory 160 and transmits it to the control unit 210. The control unit 210 stores the total solar heat gain CQ _TS in the memory 220 and uses it to control the HVAC unit 470.

Figures 10 to 23 show experimental results using the solar radiation estimation system 100. Here, the vehicle 10 was parked at a location in Japan, and comparison results between calculated values and measured values of global solar radiation, etc. are explained. The vehicle 10 was placed on a horizontal plane facing due south. In other words, the vehicle 10 was placed so that the -X direction of the XYZ coordinate system of the vehicle 10 shown in Figures 2 and 3 faces due south, and the XY plane was parallel to the horizontal plane.

10 to 20 and 23, the horizontal axis indicates the time from morning to afternoon on a certain day in 2019 in a 24-hour format, and the vertical axis indicates the global solar radiation (FIGS. 10, 12 to 14, 18, 20, 23), the solar radiation (FIGS. 15 to 17), or the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP and the corrected sky solar transmittance CSRT (FIGS. 11 and 19). The calculation of the global solar radiation _JTS by the solar radiation estimation system 100 was performed every 2 seconds, as an example.

10 shows the global solar radiation J _TS (calculated value) for the roof 11 calculated by the solar radiation estimation system 100 and the actual measured value of the global solar radiation calculated by the pyranometer 101 on October 31, 2019. The calculated value and the actual measured value are in perfect agreement, and it was confirmed that a calculated value of the global solar radiation J _TS equal to the actual measured value could be obtained. The weather on that day was sunny, and if no clouds had appeared, it would be expected that the calculated value (J _TS ) and the measured value of the global solar radiation would take continuous values, but in reality, clouds would appear from time to time, and so the characteristics showed changes from moment to moment.

Fig. 11 shows the calculated value ( _JTS ) of the total solar radiation shown in Fig. 10 and the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP and the corrected sky solar radiation transmittance CSRT when the measured values were obtained. For example, at around 10:51:06, the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP and the corrected sky solar radiation transmittance CSRT both decrease. In particular, the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP becomes zero. This indicates that the sun is hidden by clouds and the direct solar radiation becomes zero. Fig. 11 shows that the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP and the corrected sky solar radiation transmittance CSRT calculated by the solar radiation estimation system 100 change from moment to moment.

12 shows the global solar radiation J _TS (calculated value) calculated for the window glass 12WS by the solar radiation estimation system 100 on October 31, 2019, and the actual measured value of the global solar radiation calculated by a solarimeter placed on the window glass 12WS separately from the solarimeter 101. The calculated value shown in FIG. 12 is the global solar radiation J _TS (calculated value) calculated for the window glass 12WS by the solar radiation estimation system 100 using the measured value of the solarimeter 101.

Due to an error in the installation position of the pyranometer, there is a slight difference between the global solar radiation _JTS (calculated value) and the actual measured value of the global solar radiation obtained by the pyranometer, but it can be seen that the global solar radiation _JTS (calculated value) could be obtained for the window glass 12WS.

13 shows the global solar radiation J _TS (calculated value) calculated for the window glass 12FR by the solar radiation estimation system 100 on October 31, 2019, and the actual measured value of the global solar radiation calculated by a pyranometer placed on the window glass 12FR separately from the pyranometer 101. The calculated value shown in FIG. 13 is the global solar radiation J _TS (calculated value) calculated for the window glass 12FR by the solar radiation estimation system 100 using the measured value of the pyranometer 101.

Window glass 12FR is a right front side glass, and during the experiment, it is not exposed to sunlight in the morning, but is exposed to sunlight in the afternoon after the sun moves westward, so the calculated value _JTS and the actual measured value of the global solar radiation are low in the morning and increase in the afternoon. Since the window glass 12FR is not exposed to sunlight in the morning, it is considered that the global solar radiation obtained in the morning is mainly solar radiation due to sky radiation. In this way, it can be seen that the global solar radiation _JTS (calculated value) for window glass 12FR can be obtained.

14 shows the global solar radiation J _TS (calculated value) calculated for the window glass 12FL by the solar radiation estimation system 100 on October 31, 2019, and the actual measured value of the global solar radiation calculated by a solarimeter placed on the window glass 12FL separately from the solarimeter 101. The calculated value shown in FIG. 13 is the global solar radiation J _TS (calculated value) calculated for the window glass 12FL by the solar radiation estimation system 100 using the measured value of the solarimeter 101.

The window glass 12FL is a left front side glass, and during the experiment, it is exposed to sunlight (morning sun) in the morning and is in the shade in the afternoon, so that the calculated value _JTS and the measured value of the global solar radiation are high in the morning and gradually decrease toward the noon, becoming low in the afternoon. Since the window glass 12FL is not exposed to sunlight in the afternoon, it is considered that the global solar radiation obtained in the afternoon is mainly solar radiation due to sky radiation. In this way, it can be seen that the global solar radiation _JTS (calculated value) for the window glass 12FL can be obtained.

Fig. 15 shows, as the amount of solar radiation, the amount of direct solar radiation _JD (calculated value) calculated for the window glass 12WS by the solar radiation estimation system 100 on October 31, 2019, and the actual measured value of the global solar radiation calculated by a pyranometer placed on the window glass 12WS separately from the pyranometer 101. The actual measured value shown in Fig. 15 is the same as the actual measured value shown in Fig. 12. Fig. 15 compares the amount of direct solar radiation _JD (calculated value) with the actual measured value of the global solar radiation.

Since there is no difference between the amount of sky radiation JS and the amount of ground reflected solar radiation _JG , and only the amount of direct solar radiation _JD (calculated value), there is a difference from the actual measured value of global solar radiation. When the amount of direct solar radiation _JD (calculated value) is almost zero, such as in the section from 11:55:06 to 12:20:42, the actual measured value of global solar radiation is about 200 W or more. This indicates that the amount of sky radiation _JS is about 200 W/ ^m2 to about 300 W/ ^m2 .

Fig. 16 shows, as the amount of solar radiation, the amount of direct solar radiation _JD (calculated value) calculated for the window glass 12FR by the solar radiation estimation system 100 on October 31, 2019, and the actual measured value of the global solar radiation calculated by a pyranometer placed on the window glass 12FR separately from the pyranometer 101. The actual measured value shown in Fig. 16 is the same as the actual measured value shown in Fig. 13. Fig. 16 compares the amount of direct solar radiation _JD (calculated value) with the actual measured value of the global solar radiation.

Since there is no difference between the amount of sky radiation J _S and the amount of ground reflected sky radiation J _G , and only the amount of direct sky radiation J _D (calculated value), there is a difference from the actual measured value of the global sky radiation. In the morning when the window glass 12FR is hardly exposed to sunlight, the amount of direct sky radiation J _D (calculated value) is almost zero, and the actual measured value of the global sky radiation is about 100 W. Also, when the amount of direct sky radiation J _D (calculated value) is almost zero, such as in the section from 11:48:42 to 13:43:54, the actual measured value of the global sky radiation is about 200 W or more. In this way, it can be seen that the amount of sky radiation J _S is about 100 W/m ² to about 200 W/m ² , and it can be seen that it is important to take the amount of sky radiation J _S into consideration when calculating the global sky radiation J _TS .

Fig. 17 shows, as the amount of solar radiation, the amount of direct solar radiation _JD (calculated value) calculated for the window glass 12FL by the solar radiation estimation system 100 on October 31, 2019, and the actual measured value of the global solar radiation calculated by a pyranometer placed on the window glass 12FL separately from the pyranometer 101. The actual measured value shown in Fig. 17 is the same as the actual measured value shown in Fig. 14. Fig. 17 compares the amount of direct solar radiation _JD (calculated value) with the actual measured value of the global solar radiation.

Since there is no contribution from the amount of sky solar radiation J _S and the amount of ground reflected solar radiation J _G , and only the amount of direct solar radiation J _D (calculated value), there is a difference from the actual measured value of global solar radiation. Since the window pane 12FL is exposed to sunlight (morning sun) in the morning and is shaded in the afternoon and receives almost no sunlight, the amount of direct solar radiation J _D (calculated value) and the actual measured value of global solar radiation are high in the morning and gradually decrease toward the afternoon, with the amount of direct solar radiation J _D (calculated value) being almost zero in the afternoon and the calculated value of global solar radiation being low (approximately 100 W/m ² to 200 W/m ² ). Since the window pane 12FL is not exposed to sunlight in the afternoon, the amount of global solar radiation obtained in the afternoon is thought to be mainly sky solar radiation. In this way, it is clear that the amount of solar radiation J _S is between about 100 W/m ² and about 200 W/m ² , and it is clear that it is important to take the amount of solar radiation J _S into consideration when calculating the amount of global solar radiation J _TS .

Fig. 18 shows the global solar radiation _JTS (calculated value) for the roof 11 determined by the solar radiation estimation system 100 and the actual measured value of the global solar radiation determined by the pyranometer 101 on August 29, 2019. The calculated value shown in Fig. 18 is the global solar radiation _JTS (calculated value) for the roof 11 determined by the solar radiation estimation system 100 using the measured value of the pyranometer 101. The weather on August 29 was cloudy with occasional rain.

The total solar radiation J _TS (calculated value) and the actual measured value of the total solar radiation obtained by the pyranometer almost coincide with each other, and it is understood that the total solar radiation J _TS (calculated value) for the roof 11 can be obtained.

FIG. 19 shows the calculated value (J _TS ) of the total solar radiation shown in FIG. 18 and the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP and the corrected sky solar radiation transmittance CSRT when the measured value was obtained. From the start of measurement, for example, until around 12:27:06, the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP is zero, and the corrected sky solar radiation transmittance CSRT fluctuates between about 0.5 and about 1.0. At this time, there was no direct solar radiation. In addition, after 12:27:06, there was a time period with direct solar radiation, so the value of the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP sometimes increased partially, and the value of the corrected sky solar radiation transmittance CSRT became higher than the value before 12:27:06. In FIG. 19, it can be seen that the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP and the corrected sky solar radiation transmittance CSRT calculated by the solar radiation estimation system 100 change from moment to moment.

20 shows the global solar radiation _JTS (calculated value) calculated for the top surface of the dashboard of the vehicle 10 by the solar radiation estimation system 100 and the actual measured value of the global solar radiation calculated by the pyranometer 101 placed on the dashboard on August 29, 2019. The global solar radiation _JTS (calculated value) calculated for the top surface of the dashboard is a value calculated by the calculation unit 120 calculating the global solar radiation _JTS (calculated value) on the roof 11 using the roof 11 as a reference surface, the correction unit 130 calculating the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP and the corrected sky solar radiation transmittance CSRT, and the estimation unit 140 multiplying the global solar radiation _JTS calculated for the window glass 12WS by the transmittance of the window glass 12WS.

The global solar radiation _JTS (calculated value) found for the top surface of the dashboard was almost identical to the actual measured value of global solar radiation found by the actinometer 101 placed on the dashboard, and it was confirmed that even when the actinometer 101 is placed inside the vehicle 10, calculations can be performed in the same way as when it is placed on the roof 11.

21 shows the global solar radiation J _TS , direct solar radiation J _D , sky solar radiation J _S , ground reflected solar radiation J _G , and solar heat gain Q _TS ×S(W) calculated for each of the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG on October 31, 2019. The solar heat gain Q _TS ×S is calculated by multiplying the solar heat gain Q _TS of the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG by the area S of each of the windowpanes 12WS to 12RG.

21 also shows the global solar radiation J _TS , direct solar radiation J _D , sky solar radiation J _S , ground reflected solar radiation J _G , and total solar heat gain CQ _TS in the interior of the vehicle 10. The value calculated for the interior of the vehicle 10 is the sum of the values calculated for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG. The values shown in FIG 21 are the values at the time when the global solar radiation J _TS (calculated value) was the largest on October 31, 2019 (12:27:04).

21, the total solar radiation _JTS , the direct solar radiation _JD , and the sky solar radiation _JS tended to be the largest for the window glass 12WS, the second and third largest for the window glass 12FR, 12RR located on the right side of the vehicle 10, and the fourth to sixth largest for the window glass 12FL, 12RL, and 12RG. Also, the ground reflected solar radiation _JG was the smallest for the window glass 12WS close to the bonnet of the vehicle 10, and the other window glass 12FR, 12FL, 12RR, 12RL, and 12RG had larger values.

The solar radiation heat gain amount _QTS x S was the largest for the window glass 12WS, the second and third largest for the window glasses 12FR and 12RR located on the right side of the vehicle 10, and the fourth to sixth largest for the window glasses 12FL, 12RG, and 12RL. The total solar radiation heat gain amount _CQTS was 930.4 W. As described above, it was confirmed that the total solar radiation heat gain amount _CQTS , which is the amount of heat entering the interior of the vehicle 10, can be calculated.

FIG. 22 shows the global solar radiation J _TS , direct solar radiation J _D , sky solar radiation J _S , ground reflected solar radiation J _G , and solar heat gain Q _TS ×S calculated for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG on October 31, 2019.

22 also shows the global solar radiation _JTS , direct solar radiation _JD , sky solar radiation _JS , ground reflected solar radiation _JG , and total solar heat gain _CQTS in the interior of the vehicle 10. The value calculated for the interior of the vehicle 10 is the sum of the values calculated for each of the window panes 12WS to 12RG. The values shown in FIG. 22 are values obtained when the direct solar radiation _JD was 0.0 W (12:08:04) on October 31, 2019.

Even when the direct solar radiation _JD was 0.0W, the sky solar radiation _JS and the ground reflected solar radiation _JG were 56.7W to 332.2W and 1.9W to 4.4W, respectively, and it was confirmed that it is meaningful to consider the sky solar radiation _JS and the ground reflected solar radiation _JG in the global solar radiation _JTS . Furthermore, since there was no direct solar radiation, the values of the global solar radiation _JTS , sky solar radiation _JS , and ground reflected solar radiation _JG of the left and right front window panes 12FR and 12FL were approximately the same, and the values of the global solar radiation _JTS , sky solar radiation _JS , and ground reflected solar radiation _JG of the left and right rear window panes 12RR and 12RL were the same. The total solar radiation heat gain _CQTS was 409.8W. As described above, it has been confirmed that the total solar heat gain _CQTS, which is the amount of heat entering the interior of the vehicle 10, can be calculated.

FIG. 23 shows the global solar radiation J _TS (calculated value) calculated for the window glass 12WS by the solar radiation estimation system 100 on October 31, 2019, and the global solar radiation J _TS (0.74) calculated for the window glass 12WS using a fixed atmospheric transmittance (0.74) instead of the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP. The global solar radiation J _TS (calculated value) shown in FIG. 23 is the same as the value shown in FIG. 12. The atmospheric transmittance value of 0.74 is the value published in the Science Almanac in October 2019 and is the average value for the past 30 years. Such an atmospheric transmittance is considered to be the average value of values measured mainly on sunny days.

23, the total solar radiation J _TS (0.74) shows a characteristic of gradually increasing from the start of the measurement at 09:21:30, reaching a maximum value around 12:00, and gradually decreasing toward the end of the measurement at 13:56:42. In contrast, the solar radiation estimation system 100 takes into account the sky solar radiation J _S and calculates the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP and the corrected sky solar radiation transmittance CSRT every two seconds, thereby being able to calculate a total solar radiation that is substantially the same as the measurement value of the pyranometer 101, and it was found that the total solar radiation heat gain CQ _TS , which is the amount of heat entering the interior of the vehicle 10, can be accurately calculated.

As described above, the solar radiation estimation system 100 can accurately calculate the global solar radiation _JTS entering the interior of the vehicle 10. The global solar radiation _JTS is an estimated value calculated using the corrected atmospheric transmittance CP and the corrected sky solar transmittance CSRT.

Therefore, it is possible to provide a solar radiation estimation system 100, a solar radiation estimation method, and a solar radiation estimation program that can estimate the amount of global solar radiation entering the interior of the vehicle 10 with high accuracy.

In addition, since a single actinometer 101 can be used to calculate with high accuracy the total amount of solar heat gain entering the interior of the vehicle 10, the HVAC unit 470 can be controlled very precisely.

Furthermore, when controlling the HVAC unit 470 using the outside air temperature and room temperature of the vehicle 10, the HVAC unit 470 is operated after detecting an increase or decrease in the outside air temperature and room temperature. At this time, due to the influence of the window glass 12WS-12RG and the thermal capacity of the air in the room, there is a delay between when sunlight hits the interior of the vehicle 10 and when the room temperature rises. For this reason, when controlling the HVAC unit 470 using the outside air temperature and room temperature of the vehicle 10, there is a delay of about five minutes after sunlight hits the interior.

In contrast, by using the solar radiation estimation system 100, the total solar radiation heat gain amount in the vehicle 10 due to solar radiation can be instantly and accurately estimated, so that the HVAC unit 470 can be operated early, delays can be suppressed, and the room temperature can be quickly controlled to an appropriate temperature. In addition, by operating the HVAC unit 470 early, the room temperature can be controlled while the room temperature has not yet risen to a large degree, so the operation amount of the HVAC unit 470 can be reduced, which contributes to improving the fuel efficiency and cruising distance of the vehicle 10. In addition, if the vehicle 10 is an EV, the effect of ground-reflected solar radiation on the battery life can be more accurately understood.

In the above, a form has been described in which the amount of direct solar radiation _JD , the amount of sky solar radiation _JS , and the amount of ground reflected solar radiation _JG are added together to determine the amount of global solar radiation _JTS . However, since the proportion of the amount of ground reflected solar radiation _JG among the three amounts of solar radiation is approximately several percent to approximately 10%, the amount of global solar radiation _JTS may be determined by adding the amount of direct solar radiation _JD and the amount of sky solar radiation _JS without determining the amount of ground reflected solar radiation _JG .

In the above, the form in which the pyranometer 101 acquires the total solar radiation on the reference surface has been described, but instead of acquiring the total solar radiation from the pyranometer 101, data representing the total solar radiation may be acquired via the communication unit 300D. For example, if a weather station calculates the total solar radiation periodically (for example, every hour), the weather station may be accessed via the communication unit 300D, acquired from the weather station, and used as the total solar radiation on the reference surface. In this case, the total solar radiation calculated by the weather station may be multiplied by a predetermined coefficient or the like to convert it into the total solar radiation on the reference surface. In this case, the pyranometer 101 is not required, so the system configuration can be simplified. In addition, the accuracy of the calculation can be improved by using the total solar radiation calculated by the weather station. In this case, the communication unit 300D is an example of a receiving unit and an acquiring unit.

In addition, in the above, an example of a transparent wall body has been described as being window glass 12WS to 12RG, but the transparent wall body is not limited to being made of glass and may be made of a resin such as polycarbonate.

In the above description, the reference surface is the roof 11, the actinometer 101 is disposed on the roof 11, and the calculation unit 120 calculates the amount of global solar radiation _JST on the roof 11. However, the reference surface may be anywhere other than the roof 11 as long as it is an outer surface of the vehicle 10. The calculation unit 120 may calculate the amount of global solar radiation _JST on the reference surface of the vehicle 10.

In addition, the reference surface is the outer surface of the vehicle 10, but the actinometer 101 may be provided inside the vehicle 10 to measure the total solar radiation transmitted through any of the window panes 12WS to 12RG. For example, if the actinometer 101 is provided on the dashboard of the vehicle 10, the actinometer 101 measures the total solar radiation transmitted through the window pane 12WS. In such a case, the reference surface may be set to the outer surface of the window pane 12WS, and a conversion unit may be used that converts the total solar radiation measured by the actinometer 101 provided on the dashboard of the vehicle 10 into the total solar radiation measured on the outer surface of the window pane 12WS based on the optical characteristics of the window pane 12WS.

Figure 24 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration in which a solar radiation estimation system 100A according to a modified embodiment is mounted on a vehicle 10. The solar radiation estimation system 100A has a configuration in which a conversion unit 125 is added to the solar radiation estimation system 100 shown in Figure 8. The pyranometer 101 and the conversion unit 125 are examples of an acquisition unit. The memory 160 may store conversion rate data representing a conversion rate for converting the amount of global solar radiation measured by the pyranometer 101 into the amount of global solar radiation measured on the outer surface of the window glass 12WS. The conversion rate is an example of an optical characteristic.

The conversion rate data may be, for example, data that represents a conversion rate given by the reciprocal of the transmittance of the window glass 12WS. The transmittance of the window glass 12WS represents the ratio of the amount of transmittance to the amount of solar radiation on the outer surface of the window glass 12WS, and is similar to the ratio of the amount of transmittance to the amount of solar radiation on the outer surface of the window glass 30 shown in FIG. 7.

The conversion unit 125 determines the amount of global solar radiation by multiplying the amount of global solar radiation measured by the pyranometer 101 by the conversion rate represented by the conversion rate data, and the correction unit 130 compares the amount of global solar radiation multiplied by the conversion rate by the conversion unit 125 with the amount of global solar radiation _JST calculated by the calculation unit 120. In this case, the calculation unit 120 calculates the amount of global solar radiation _JTS on the outer surface of the window glass 12WS as the reference surface in accordance with formula (1). The estimation unit 140 calculates the global solar radiation _JTS for each of the window panes 12FR, 12RR, 12FL, 12RL, and 12RG, and the calculation unit 150 determines the total value of the products obtained by multiplying the global solar radiation _JTS for each of the window panes 12FR, 12RR, 12FL, 12RL, and 12RG by the area S of each of the window panes 12FR, 12RR, 12FL, 12RL, and 12RG as the total solar radiation heat gain _CQTS for the five window panes 12FR, 12RR, 12FL, 12RL, and 12RG. When calculating the total solar radiation heat gain of all the window panes in the vehicle 10, the total solar radiation heat gain _CQTS for the five window panes 12FR, 12RR, 12FL, 12RL, and 12RG is added to the product obtained by multiplying the global solar radiation _JTS for the window pane 12WS by the area S.

In addition, although the above describes a form in which the solar radiation estimation system 100 is mounted on a vehicle 10, the solar radiation estimation system 100 may be mounted on a building, an aircraft, or a ship instead of the vehicle 10. Figure 25 is a diagram showing a building 10A, an aircraft 10B, and a ship 10C.

A pyranometer 101 is placed on the roof of the building 10A shown in FIG. 25(A). An electronic control device having a main control unit 110, a calculation unit 120, a correction unit 130, an estimation unit 140, a calculation unit 150, and a memory 160 may be placed inside the building 10A, for example. As an example, a reference plane may be set on the surface of the roof of the building 10A, a solar radiation heat gain _QTS of the window glass 12A of the building 10A is obtained, and a total solar radiation heat gain _CQTS representing the amount of heat entering the building from the multiple window glass 12A is obtained and used to control the air conditioner of the building 10A. In addition to controlling the air conditioner, opening and closing control of electric blinds, etc. may be performed. Note that the building 10A is not limited to a building as shown in FIG. 25(A), but may be an apartment building, a detached house, a gymnasium, a warehouse, etc. Controlling the air conditioner based on the total solar heat gain _CQTS means controlling the air conditioner based on the global solar radiation _JTS for each of the multiple window panes 12A.

Here, the actinometer 101 is installed on the roof of the building 10A, but the actinometer 101 may be installed inside the building 10A. Using one actinometer 101, the total amount of solar radiation heat entering the interior of the building 10A can be calculated with high accuracy, allowing the air conditioning system to be controlled very precisely.

An actinometer 101 is disposed on the roof of the aircraft 10B shown in FIG. 25B. An electronic control device having a main control unit 110, a calculation unit 120, a correction unit 130, an estimation unit 140, a calculation unit 150, and a memory 160 may be disposed inside the aircraft 10B, for example. As an example, a reference plane may be set on the surface of the roof of the aircraft 10B, a solar radiation heat gain _QTS of the windowpanes 12B of the aircraft 10B may be obtained, and a total solar radiation heat gain _CQTS representing the amount of heat entering the interior from the multiple windowpanes 12B may be obtained and used to control the air conditioner of the aircraft 10B. Note that controlling the air conditioner based on the total solar radiation heat gain _CQTS is controlling the air conditioner based on the global solar radiation _JTS for each of the multiple windowpanes 12B.

Here, the actinometer 101 is described as being placed on the roof of the aircraft 10B, but the actinometer 101 may also be placed inside the aircraft 10B. Using one actinometer 101, the total amount of solar radiation heat gained entering the interior of the aircraft 10B can be calculated with high accuracy, allowing for very precise control of the air conditioning system.

An actinometer 101 is disposed on the roof of the ship 10C shown in Fig. 25(C). An electronic control device having a main control unit 110, a calculation unit 120, a correction unit 130, an estimation unit 140, a calculation unit 150, and a memory 160 may be disposed inside the ship 10C, for example. As an example, a reference plane may be set on the surface of the roof of the ship 10C, a solar radiation heat gain _QTS of a window glass 12C of the ship 10C may be obtained, and a total solar radiation heat gain _CQTS representing the amount of heat entering the inside from the multiple window glass 12C may be obtained and used to control the air conditioner of the ship 10C. Note that controlling the air conditioner based on the total solar radiation heat gain _CQTS is controlling the air conditioner based on the global solar radiation _JTS for each of the multiple window glass 12C.

Although the actinometer 101 is disposed on the roof of the vessel 10C, the actinometer 101 may be disposed inside the vessel 10C. Using one actinometer 101, the total amount of solar radiation heat entering the interior of the vessel 10C can be calculated with high accuracy, allowing the air conditioning system to be controlled very precisely.

The above describes exemplary embodiments of the solar radiation estimation system, air conditioning control system, air conditioning device, vehicle, building, solar radiation estimation method, air conditioning control method, and solar radiation estimation program of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the specifically disclosed embodiments, and various modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of the claims.

This international application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-057953, filed on March 27, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The following items will be disclosed:
(Item 1)
an acquisition unit that acquires a first global solar radiation amount of solar radiation received on a reference surface on an outer surface of the object;
a calculation unit that calculates a second amount of global solar radiation on the reference plane at the time when the first amount of global solar radiation is acquired based on a solar constant, an atmospheric transmittance, a sky solar radiation transmittance, and a first relation value related to an orientation of the reference plane;
a correction unit that corrects the atmospheric transmittance and the sky solar radiation transmittance, respectively, to obtain a corrected atmospheric transmittance and a corrected sky solar radiation transmittance so that the second global solar radiation amount is equal to the first global solar radiation amount;
an estimation unit that calculates an estimated global solar radiation, which is an estimated value of the global solar radiation at the specified outer surface at the time the first global solar radiation is acquired, based on the solar constant, the corrected atmospheric transmittance, the corrected sky solar radiation transmittance, and a second relational value related to an orientation of the specified outer surface among the outer surfaces of the object.
(Item 2)
The calculation unit is
calculating a first direct solar radiation based on the solar constant, the atmospheric transmittance, and the first relation value;
calculating a first amount of solar radiation based on the solar constant, the atmospheric transmittance, the solar radiation transmittance, and the first relation value;
calculating the second amount of global solar radiation by adding the first amount of direct solar radiation and the first amount of sky solar radiation;
The estimation unit is
calculating a second direct solar radiation based on the solar constant, the corrected atmospheric transmittance, and the second relation value;
calculating a second amount of sky radiation based on the solar constant, the corrected atmospheric transmittance, the corrected sky solar radiation transmittance, and the second relationship value;
calculating the estimated global solar radiation by adding the second direct solar radiation and the second sky solar radiation;
2. The solar radiation estimation system according to item 1.
(Item 3)
The first relation value used in calculating the first amount of direct solar radiation is a cosine of an angle of incidence of direct solar radiation on the reference plane,
3. The solar radiation estimation system according to item 2, wherein the second relational value used in calculating the second amount of direct solar radiation is a cosine of an angle of incidence of direct solar radiation on the specified exterior surface.
(Item 4)
The first relation value used in calculating the first amount of solar radiation is an inclination angle of the reference plane,
4. The solar radiation estimation system according to item 2 or 3, wherein the second relation value used in calculating the second amount of sky solar radiation is a tilt angle of the specified outer surface.
(Item 5)
the calculation unit further calculates a first ground reflected solar radiation at the reference plane based on the first direct solar radiation, the first sky solar radiation, the first relation value, and the ground reflectance, and calculates the second global solar radiation by adding up the first direct solar radiation, the first sky solar radiation, and the first ground reflected solar radiation;
The solar radiation estimation system according to any one of items 2 to 4, wherein the estimation unit further calculates a second ground reflected solar radiation at the specified exterior surface based on the first direct solar radiation, the second sky solar radiation, the second relation value, and the ground reflectance, and calculates the estimated global solar radiation by adding together the second direct solar radiation, the second sky solar radiation, and the second ground reflected solar radiation.
(Item 6)
the first relation value used in calculating the first ground reflected solar radiation is an inclination angle of the reference plane,
6. The solar radiation estimation system according to item 5, wherein the second relational value used in calculating the second ground reflected solar radiation amount is a tilt angle of the specified outer surface.
(Item 7)
7. The solar radiation estimation system according to any one of items 1 to 6, further comprising a calculation unit that calculates an amount of solar heat gain at the specified exterior surface by multiplying the estimated global solar radiation by a solar heat gain coefficient of the specified exterior surface.
(Item 8)
8. The solar radiation estimation system according to item 7, wherein the calculation unit calculates the solar heat gain for each of the plurality of specified exterior surfaces and calculates a total solar heat gain which is a sum of the plurality of solar heat gains.
(Item 9)
The acquisition unit is
(A) a pyranometer that measures the first global solar radiation on the reference plane;
(B) an acquisition unit having a pyranometer that measures a global amount of solar radiation that has passed through a transparent wall of the object, and a conversion unit that converts the global amount of solar radiation measured by the pyranometer into the first global amount of solar radiation based on optical properties of the transparent wall; and (C) a receiving unit that receives data representing the first global amount of solar radiation.
(Item 10)
10. The solar radiation estimation system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the object is one of a vehicle, a ship, an aircraft, and a building.
(Item 11)
A solar radiation estimation system according to any one of items 1 to 9,
An air conditioner;
an air conditioning control unit that performs air conditioning control of the air conditioner based on the estimated global solar radiation estimated by the solar radiation estimation system.
(Item 12)
the object is a vehicle,
Item 12. The air conditioning control system according to item 11, wherein the solar radiation estimation system acquires data from one or more of an electronic control device, a position data acquisition unit, a navigation control unit, and a communication unit mounted on the vehicle, and calculates the estimated global solar radiation using the acquired data.
(Item 13)
10. An air conditioner comprising: a control device having the calculation unit, the correction unit, and the estimation unit of the solar radiation estimation system according to any one of items 1 to 9.
(Item 14)
10. A vehicle comprising the solar radiation estimation system according to any one of items 1 to 9.
(Item 15)
10. A ship comprising the solar radiation estimation system according to any one of items 1 to 9.
(Item 16)
10. An aircraft comprising the solar radiation estimation system according to any one of items 1 to 9.
(Item 17)
10. A building comprising the solar radiation estimation system according to any one of items 1 to 9.
(Item 18)
A first global solar radiation amount of the solar radiation received on a reference surface on the outer surface of the object is obtained;
Calculating a second global solar radiation amount on the reference plane at the time of acquiring the first global solar radiation amount based on a solar constant, an atmospheric transmittance, a sky solar radiation transmittance, and a first relation value related to an orientation of the reference plane;
correcting the atmospheric transmittance and the sky solar radiation transmittance, respectively, to obtain a corrected atmospheric transmittance and a corrected sky solar radiation transmittance so that the second global solar radiation amount is equal to the first global solar radiation amount;
A solar radiation estimation method for calculating an estimated global solar radiation, which is an estimated value of the global solar radiation at the specified outer surface at the time the first global solar radiation is acquired, based on the solar constant, the corrected atmospheric transmittance, the corrected sky solar radiation transmittance, and a second relational value related to an orientation of the specified outer surface among the outer surfaces of the object.
(Item 19)
Calculating the second global solar radiation
calculating a first direct solar radiation based on the solar constant, the atmospheric transmittance, and the first relation value;
calculating a first amount of solar radiation based on the solar constant, the atmospheric transmittance, the solar radiation transmittance, and the first relation value;
calculating the second amount of global solar radiation by adding the first amount of direct solar radiation and the first amount of sky solar radiation;
Calculating the estimated global solar radiation
calculating a second direct solar radiation based on the solar constant, the corrected atmospheric transmittance, and the second relation value;
calculating a second amount of sky radiation based on the solar constant, the corrected atmospheric transmittance, the corrected sky solar radiation transmittance, and the second relationship value;
and calculating the estimated global solar radiation by adding the second direct solar radiation and the second sky solar radiation.
Item 19. The solar radiation estimation method according to item 18.
(Item 20)
The first relation value used in calculating the first amount of direct solar radiation is a cosine of an angle of incidence of direct solar radiation on the reference plane,
20. The solar radiation estimation method according to item 19, wherein the second relation value used in calculating the second amount of direct solar radiation is a cosine of an angle of incidence of direct solar radiation on the specified exterior surface.
(Item 21)
The first relation value used in calculating the first amount of solar radiation is an inclination angle of the reference plane,
21. The solar radiation estimation method according to item 19 or 20, wherein the second relation value used in calculating the second amount of sky solar radiation is a tilt angle of the specified outer surface.
(Item 22)
Calculating the second global solar radiation further includes calculating a first ground reflected solar radiation at the reference plane based on the first direct solar radiation, the first sky solar radiation, the first relation value, and a ground reflectance, and calculating the second global solar radiation by adding up the first direct solar radiation, the first sky solar radiation, and the first ground reflected solar radiation;
22. The solar radiation estimation method according to any one of items 13 to 21, wherein calculating the estimated global solar radiation further comprises calculating a second ground reflected solar radiation at the specified exterior surface based on the first direct solar radiation, the second sky solar radiation, the second relation value, and ground reflectance, and calculating the estimated global solar radiation by adding up the second direct solar radiation, the second sky solar radiation, and the second ground reflected solar radiation.
(Item 23)
the first relation value used in calculating the first ground reflected solar radiation is an inclination angle of the reference plane,
Item 23. The solar radiation estimation method according to item 22, wherein the second relation value used in calculating the second ground reflected solar radiation amount is a tilt angle of the specified outer surface.
(Item 24)
24. The solar radiation estimation method according to any one of items 18 to 23, further comprising multiplying the estimated global solar radiation by a solar heat gain coefficient of the specified exterior surface to calculate a solar heat gain at the specified exterior surface.
(Item 25)
25. The solar radiation estimation method according to item 24, wherein the calculating step calculates the solar heat gain for each of a plurality of the specified exterior surfaces, and calculates a total solar heat gain which is the sum of the plurality of the solar heat gains.
(Item 26)
Acquiring the first global solar radiation includes:
(A) acquiring a global solar radiation amount measured by a pyranometer provided on the reference surface as the first global solar radiation amount;
(B) obtaining the first global solar radiation by measuring a global solar radiation amount of solar radiation that has passed through a transparent wall of the object and converting the measured global solar radiation amount to the first global solar radiation amount based on the optical properties of the transparent wall; and (C) receiving data representing the first global solar radiation amount.
(Item 27)
27. The method for estimating solar radiation according to any one of items 18 to 26, wherein the object is one of a vehicle, a ship, an aircraft, and a building.
(Item 28)
27. An air conditioning control method, comprising: controlling air conditioning based on the estimated global solar radiation estimated by the solar radiation estimation method according to any one of items 18 to 26.
(Item 29)
the object is a vehicle,
29. The air conditioning control method according to item 28, further comprising acquiring data from one or more of an electronic control device, a position data acquisition unit, a navigation control unit, and a communication unit mounted on the vehicle, and calculating the estimated global solar radiation using the acquired data.
(Item 30)
Calculating a second global solar radiation amount on a reference surface on the outer surface of the object at the time of acquiring a first global solar radiation amount of solar radiation received on the reference surface based on a solar constant, an atmospheric transmittance, a sky solar radiation transmittance, and a first relational value related to an orientation of the reference surface;
Correcting the atmospheric transmittance and the sky solar radiation transmittance, respectively, to obtain a corrected atmospheric transmittance and a corrected sky solar radiation transmittance so that the second global solar radiation amount is equal to the first global solar radiation amount;
and calculating an estimated global solar radiation, which is an estimated value of the global solar radiation on the specified outer surface at the time the first global solar radiation was acquired, based on the solar constant, the corrected atmospheric transmittance, the corrected sky solar radiation transmittance, and a second relational value related to an orientation of the specified outer surface among the outer surfaces of the object.

10. Vehicle (an example of an object)
10A Buildings (examples of objects)
10B Aircraft (an example of an object)
10C Ships (examples of objects)
11 Roof (an example of a reference surface)
12WS, 12FR, 12RR, 12FL, 12RL, 12RG, 12A, 12B, 12C Window glass (an example of a transparent wall)
100 Solar radiation estimation system 101 Solar radiation meter 120 Calculation unit 130 Correction unit 140 Estimation unit 150 Calculation unit 210 Control unit (an example of an air conditioning control unit)
300A Powertrain ECU (an example of an electronic control device)
300B Navigation ECU (an example of a navigation control unit)
300C ECU (an example of an electronic control unit)
300D Communication unit (an example of a communication unit, an example of a receiving unit)
470 HVAC unit (an example of an air conditioning unit)

Claims (22)

an acquisition unit that acquires a first global solar radiation amount of solar radiation received on a reference surface on an outer surface of the object;
a calculation unit that calculates a second amount of global solar radiation on the reference plane at the time of acquiring the first amount of global solar radiation based on a solar constant, an atmospheric transmittance, a sky solar radiation transmittance, and a first relation value related to an orientation of the reference plane;
a correction unit that corrects the atmospheric transmittance and the sky solar radiation transmittance, respectively, to obtain a corrected atmospheric transmittance and a corrected sky solar radiation transmittance so that the second global solar radiation amount is equal to the first global solar radiation amount;
an estimation unit that calculates an estimated global solar radiation, which is an estimated value of the global solar radiation at the specified outer surface at the time the first global solar radiation is acquired, based on the solar constant, the corrected atmospheric transmittance, the corrected sky solar radiation transmittance, and a second relational value related to an orientation of the specified outer surface among the outer surfaces of the object. The calculation unit is
calculating a first direct solar radiation based on the solar constant, the atmospheric transmittance, and the first relation value;
calculating a first amount of solar radiation based on the solar constant, the atmospheric transmittance, the solar radiation transmittance, and the first relation value;
calculating the second amount of global solar radiation by adding the first amount of direct solar radiation and the first amount of sky solar radiation;
The estimation unit is
calculating a second direct solar radiation based on the solar constant, the corrected atmospheric transmittance, and the second relation value;
calculating a second amount of sky radiation based on the solar constant, the corrected atmospheric transmittance, the corrected sky solar radiation transmittance, and the second relationship value;
calculating the estimated global solar radiation by adding the second direct solar radiation and the second sky solar radiation;
The solar radiation estimation system according to claim 1 . the calculation unit further calculates a first ground reflected solar radiation at the reference plane based on the first direct solar radiation, the first sky solar radiation, the first relation value, and the ground reflectance, and calculates the second global solar radiation by adding up the first direct solar radiation, the first sky solar radiation, and the first ground reflected solar radiation;
The solar radiation estimation system of claim 2, wherein the estimation unit further calculates a second ground reflected solar radiation at the specified exterior surface based on the first direct solar radiation, the second sky solar radiation, the second relationship value, and the ground reflectance, and calculates the estimated global solar radiation by adding together the second direct solar radiation, the second sky solar radiation, and the second ground reflected solar radiation. A solar radiation estimation system as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a calculation unit that calculates the amount of solar heat gain at the specified exterior surface by multiplying the estimated global solar radiation by the solar heat gain coefficient of the specified exterior surface. The solar radiation estimation system of claim 4, wherein the calculation unit calculates the solar heat gain for each of the plurality of specified external surfaces and calculates a total solar heat gain which is the sum of the plurality of solar heat gains. The acquisition unit is
(A) a pyranometer that measures the first global solar radiation on the reference plane;
6. The solar radiation estimation system according to claim 1 , wherein the solar radiation estimation system is any one of: (B) an acquisition unit having a pyranometer that measures a global amount of solar radiation that has passed through a transparent wall of the object, and a conversion unit that converts the global amount of solar radiation measured by the pyranometer into the first global amount of solar radiation based on optical characteristics of the transparent wall; and (C) a receiving unit that receives data representing the first global amount of solar radiation. A solar radiation estimation system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the object is one of a vehicle, a ship, an aircraft, and a building. A solar radiation estimation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
An air conditioner;
an air conditioning control unit that performs air conditioning control of the air conditioner based on the estimated global solar radiation estimated by the solar radiation estimation system. the object is a vehicle,
9. The air conditioning control system according to claim 8, wherein the solar radiation estimation system acquires data from one or more of an electronic control device, a position data acquisition unit, a navigation control unit, and a communication unit mounted on the vehicle, and calculates the estimated global solar radiation using the acquired data. An air conditioner including a control device having the calculation unit, the correction unit, and the estimation unit of the solar radiation estimation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6. A vehicle comprising a solar radiation estimation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6. A building comprising a solar radiation estimation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6. A first global solar radiation amount of the solar radiation received on a reference surface on the outer surface of the object is obtained;
Calculating a second global solar radiation amount on the reference plane at the time of acquiring the first global solar radiation amount based on a solar constant, an atmospheric transmittance, a sky solar radiation transmittance, and a first relation value related to an orientation of the reference plane;
correcting the atmospheric transmittance and the sky solar radiation transmittance, respectively, to obtain a corrected atmospheric transmittance and a corrected sky solar radiation transmittance so that the second global solar radiation amount is equal to the first global solar radiation amount;
A solar radiation estimation method for calculating an estimated global solar radiation, which is an estimated value of the global solar radiation at the specified outer surface at the time the first global solar radiation is acquired, based on the solar constant, the corrected atmospheric transmittance, the corrected sky solar radiation transmittance, and a second relational value related to an orientation of the specified outer surface among the outer surfaces of the object. Calculating the second global solar radiation
calculating a first direct solar radiation based on the solar constant, the atmospheric transmittance, and the first relation value;
calculating a first amount of solar radiation based on the solar constant, the atmospheric transmittance, the solar radiation transmittance, and the first relation value;
calculating the second amount of global solar radiation by adding the first amount of direct solar radiation and the first amount of sky solar radiation;
Calculating the estimated global solar radiation
calculating a second direct solar radiation based on the solar constant, the corrected atmospheric transmittance, and the second relation value;
calculating a second amount of sky radiation based on the solar constant, the corrected atmospheric transmittance, the corrected sky solar radiation transmittance, and the second relationship value;
and calculating the estimated global solar radiation by adding the second direct solar radiation and the second sky solar radiation.
The method for estimating solar radiation according to claim 13. Calculating the second global solar radiation further includes calculating a first ground reflected solar radiation at the reference plane based on the first direct solar radiation, the first sky solar radiation, the first relation value, and a ground reflectance, and calculating the second global solar radiation by adding up the first direct solar radiation, the first sky solar radiation, and the first ground reflected solar radiation;
The solar radiation estimation method according to claim 14, wherein calculating the estimated global solar radiation further comprises calculating a second ground reflected solar radiation at the specified exterior surface based on the first direct solar radiation, the second sky solar radiation, the second relationship value, and ground reflectance, and calculating the estimated global solar radiation by adding together the second direct solar radiation, the second sky solar radiation, and the second ground reflected solar radiation. The solar radiation estimation method according to claim 14 or 15, further comprising multiplying the estimated global solar radiation by the solar heat gain coefficient of the specified exterior surface to calculate the solar heat gain at the specified exterior surface. The solar radiation estimation method of claim 16, wherein the calculating step comprises calculating the solar heat gain for each of the plurality of specified external surfaces and calculating a total solar heat gain which is the sum of the plurality of solar heat gains. Acquiring the first global solar radiation includes:
(A) acquiring a global solar radiation amount measured by a pyranometer provided on the reference surface as the first global solar radiation amount;
18. The solar radiation estimation method according to claim 14, comprising one of the following steps: (B) obtaining the first global solar radiation by measuring a global solar radiation amount of solar radiation transmitted through a transparent wall of the object and converting the measured global solar radiation amount into the first global solar radiation amount based on the optical properties of the transparent wall; and (C) receiving data representing the first global solar radiation amount. A solar radiation estimation method as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein the object is one of a vehicle, a ship, an aircraft, and a building. An air conditioning control method for controlling air conditioning based on the estimated global solar radiation estimated by the solar radiation estimation method according to any one of claims 14 to 18. the object is a vehicle,
The air conditioning control method according to claim 20, further comprising acquiring data from one or more of an electronic control device, a position data acquisition unit, a navigation control unit, and a communication unit mounted on the vehicle, and calculating the estimated total solar radiation using the acquired data. Calculating a second global solar radiation amount on a reference surface on the outer surface of the object at the time of acquiring a first global solar radiation amount of solar radiation received on the reference surface based on a solar constant, an atmospheric transmittance, a sky solar radiation transmittance, and a first relational value related to an orientation of the reference surface;
Correcting the atmospheric transmittance and the sky solar radiation transmittance, respectively, to obtain a corrected atmospheric transmittance and a corrected sky solar radiation transmittance so that the second global solar radiation amount is equal to the first global solar radiation amount;
and calculating an estimated global solar radiation, which is an estimated value of the global solar radiation at the specified outer surface at the time the first global solar radiation was acquired, based on the solar constant, the corrected atmospheric transmittance, the corrected sky solar radiation transmittance, and a second relational value related to an orientation of the specified outer surface among the outer surfaces of the object.

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