JP7528655B2 - Direct Contact Condenser - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a direct contact condenser that condenses exhaust steam by spraying cooling water.

Direct contact condensers receive exhaust steam that has finished its work in the steam turbine, and condense the exhaust steam by directly contacting it with cooling water, thereby lowering the internal pressure and improving the thermal efficiency of the steam turbine. One such direct contact condenser is disclosed in Patent Document 1.

The direct contact condenser of Patent Document 1 is equipped with a main body vessel into which exhaust steam flows, and multiple spray nozzles provided inside the main body vessel. Inside the main body vessel, fine cooling water is atomized and sprayed using the spray nozzles, and efficient cooling is achieved through heat exchange between the cooling water and the exhaust steam.

JP 2018-44703 A

In Patent Document 1, the spray nozzle and the piping group in which the spray nozzle is arranged are arranged in the center of the main body vessel. In such a structure, the cooling water spray from the spray nozzle and the piping group become resistance to the flow of exhaust steam. This causes the exhaust steam to avoid the center of the main body vessel and tend to flow biased toward the wall surface, reducing the contact efficiency between the exhaust steam and the cooling water, and ultimately reducing the cooling efficiency.

The present invention was made in consideration of these points, and aims to provide a direct contact condenser that can improve the cooling efficiency of the exhaust steam flowing inside.

The direct contact condenser of the present invention comprises a condensation chamber into which exhaust steam flows, a plurality of sprays which spray cooling water within the condensation chamber, and a cooling chamber which is connected to the condensation chamber and into which the exhaust steam cooled within the condensation chamber flows, the condensation chamber being formed by being surrounded by a predetermined wall, at least a portion of the sprays being wall-side sprays which are installed in the vicinity of or adjacent to the wall, the wall-side sprays spraying cooling water in a direction away from the wall on which they are installed, the condensation chamber and the cooling chamber being separated by a partition wall, the exhaust steam flowing from the condensation chamber into the cooling chamber is turned back at one end side of the partition wall, and the partition wall is curved and formed so as to bulge toward the cooling chamber while inclining in a direction which narrows the volume of the condensation chamber as it approaches the one end .

According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent the exhaust steam from flowing unevenly near the wall due to the spray from the wall side spray. This makes it possible to make the flow of exhaust steam uniform in the condensation chamber, and improves the cooling efficiency of the exhaust steam.

1 is a schematic partial vertical cross-sectional view of a direct contact condenser according to a first embodiment. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the spray on the wall side. 1, but showing a direct contact condenser according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 2 of a direct contact condenser according to a modified example.

The direct contact condenser (hereinafter simply referred to as "condenser") according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment, and can be modified as appropriate without departing from the gist of the invention. For the sake of convenience, some components may be omitted from the following figures. In the following description, unless otherwise specified, "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front" and "rear" refer to the directions indicated by the arrows in each figure. However, the orientation of each component in the following embodiment is merely an example, and can be changed to any orientation.

[First embodiment]
Fig. 1 is a schematic partial vertical cross-sectional view of a direct contact condenser according to a first embodiment, and Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in Fig. 1. The vertical cross-sectional view in Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B in Fig. 2.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the condenser 10 has a box-shaped main body 11. Inside the main body 11, the condenser 10 has a condensation chamber 14 in the center in the left-right direction and cooling chambers 15 on both the left and right sides, separated by a partition wall 12. In other words, the condensation chamber 14 and the cooling chamber 15 are separated by the partition wall 12. In this embodiment, the partition wall 12 is parallel to the up-down direction and the front-rear direction, and is formed in a flat plane perpendicular to the left-right direction.

The condensation chamber 14 is surrounded by the left and right partition walls 12, as well as the front wall 16, rear wall 17 (not shown in FIG. 1), top wall 18, and bottom wall 19 that form the main body 11. Each wall that forms the condensation chamber 14 is a specific wall body.

An intermediate body 20 is provided in communication with two positions, one at the front and one at the back, on the top wall 18 above the condensation chamber 14. Exhaust steam S (shown by the dotted arrow) is introduced into the intermediate body 20, and the introduced exhaust steam S flows from the top to the bottom of the condensation chamber 14. An example of the source of exhaust steam S is a steam turbine.

The cooling chamber 15 is connected to the condensation chamber 14 below the lower end (one end) of the partition wall 12, and the exhaust steam S that has passed through the condensation chamber 14 flows into the inside of the cooling chamber 15. Specifically, as shown by the dotted arrow of the exhaust steam S straddling the lower end of the partition wall 12 in FIG. 1, the exhaust steam S in the condensation chamber 14 flows from above toward the lower end side of the partition wall 12. Then, the exhaust steam S is turned around at the lower end side of the partition wall 12 and flows into the cooling chamber 15, and flows upward inside the cooling chamber 15. The exhaust steam S that has passed through the cooling chamber 15 is sent from the exhaust pipe 21 at the top of the cooling chamber 15 to a device downstream of the condenser 10.

The condenser 10 further comprises two cooling water pipes 23, one in the front and one in the rear, which extend in the left-right direction at the bottom side of the main body 11, a number of distribution pipes 24 that communicate with the cooling water pipes 23 within the condensation chamber 14 and extend upward, and a number of sprays 25 provided in the vertical direction on each distribution pipe 24.

Cooling water is supplied to the cooling water pipe 23, and this cooling water is sprayed in the form of droplets from the spray 25 via the distribution pipe 24. The cooling water sprayed from the spray 25 comes into contact with the exhaust steam S, condenses, and becomes condensed water, which flows into the hot well 27 below (not shown in Figure 2).

As shown in FIG. 2, the distribution pipes 24 are arranged in four rows in the front-to-rear direction, and the sprays 25 installed on the two rows of distribution pipes 24 in the center of the front-to-rear direction are arranged to spray cooling water in four directions, roughly left and right and front and rear.

The distribution pipes 24 in the front row are provided in a position along the front wall 16, and the distribution pipes 24 in the rear row are provided in a position along the rear wall 17. In FIG. 2, these distribution pipes 24 are provided so as to be partially embedded in the front wall 16 and the rear wall 17, but this is not limited to this. The distribution pipes 24 in the front row and the rear row may be in contact with the inner surface of the front wall 16 and the rear wall 17, or may be positioned slightly away from the inner surface of the front wall 16 and the rear wall 17.

Here, the sprays 25 provided on the front and rear distribution pipes 24 are wall-side sprays 25a, and the wall-side sprays 25a are part of the multiple sprays 25. The wall-side sprays 25a are installed in positions near the front wall 16 and the rear wall 17. The wall-side sprays 25a in positions near the front wall 16 spray cooling water in a direction away from the front wall 16, i.e., toward the rear. The wall-side sprays 25a in positions near the rear wall 17 spray cooling water in a direction away from the rear wall 17, i.e., toward the front.

Figure 3 is an explanatory diagram of the spraying of the wall-side spray. As shown in Figure 3, the wall-side spray 25a sprays cooling water so that it spreads vertically and also in a cone shape. In addition, the wall-side spray 25a sprays cooling water so that the central axis of the cone is oriented upward at a predetermined angle relative to the horizontal direction. Therefore, the wall-side spray 25a is set to spray more upward than downward relative to the horizontal direction.

Returning to FIG. 1, the condenser 10 further includes a plurality of first branch pipes 31 that communicate with the cooling water piping 23 within the cooling chamber 15 and extend upward, a second branch pipe 32 that extends horizontally from the upper end of the first branch pipe 31, and a plurality of downward sprays (cooling chamber sprays) 33 provided on the second branch pipe 32.

The downward spray 33 is supplied with cooling water supplied from the cooling water piping 23 via the first branch pipe 31 and the second branch pipe 32, and the cooling water is sprayed in the form of droplets from the downward spray 33. The cooling water sprayed from the downward spray 33 comes into contact with the exhaust steam S, condenses, and flows into the hot well 27 below.

In the condenser 10 of the first embodiment, when exhaust steam S is introduced into the intermediate body 20, the exhaust steam S flows from the top to the bottom of the condensation chamber 14. In the condensation chamber 14, cooling water is sprayed in droplets from the spray 25, and the exhaust steam S is cooled and condensed by heat exchange with the cooling water. The condensed exhaust steam S and the cooling water sprayed from the spray 25 flow into the hot well 27.

The exhaust steam S remaining in the condensation chamber 14 passes through the lower end of the partition wall 12 while turning around, and flows into the cooling chamber 15. In the cooling chamber 15, cooling water is sprayed from the downward spray 33, and the exhaust steam S that flows in is condensed and becomes condensed water. In the cooling chamber 15, the non-condensed exhaust steam S and the remaining exhaust steam S are sent from the exhaust pipe 21 to the equipment downstream of the condenser 10.

Here, as a first comparative structure, the flow of exhaust steam S was analyzed for a configuration in which the wall-side spray 25a was omitted from the first embodiment described above. In addition, under the same conditions as the above analysis, the flow of exhaust steam S in the first embodiment described above was also analyzed, and a comparison was made with the analysis results of the first comparative structure.

Comparing the first comparative structure with the first embodiment, the analysis results showed that in the first comparative structure, the flow velocity of the exhaust steam S was higher near the front wall 16 and rear wall 17, and a large amount of exhaust steam S flowed near the front wall 16 and rear wall 17.

In contrast, in the first embodiment, cooling water is sprayed from the wall-side spray 25a, so the flow of exhaust steam S spreads to the center of the condensation chamber 14, and the flow rate of exhaust steam S near the front wall 16 and rear wall 17 can be suppressed. As a result, in the first embodiment, it is possible to suppress the exhaust steam S from flowing unevenly near the front wall 16 and rear wall 17, and to uniform the flow of exhaust steam S within the condensation chamber 14. As a result, the cooling effect of exhaust steam S within the condensation chamber 14 can be improved.

In addition, in the first embodiment, by suppressing the flow velocity of the exhaust steam S near the front wall 16 and rear wall 17, it is possible to lengthen the time it takes for the water droplets sprayed from each spray 25, including the wall-side spray 25a, to adhere to the wall surface of the condensation chamber 14, including the front wall 16 and rear wall 17. In other words, the time that the water droplets sprayed from each spray 25 remain in the condensation chamber 14 can be lengthened, thereby improving the cooling effect of the exhaust steam S.

In addition, in comparing the first comparative structure with the first embodiment, the first embodiment was able to improve the condensation rate of the entire condenser 10 and reduce the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the condenser 10. This resulted in improved performance of the condenser 10.

In the first embodiment, spraying from the wall-side spray 25a can prevent water droplets sprayed from each spray 25, including the wall-side spray 25a, from adhering to the front wall 16 and rear wall 17. This makes it possible to maintain a large amount of water droplets that contribute to cooling the exhaust steam S, and also maintain a good cooling effect.

In addition, in the first embodiment described above, the wall-side spray 25a is set in the direction shown in FIG. 3, which increases the flight distance of the sprayed water droplets and allows the flow of exhaust steam S to spread to the center of the condensation chamber 14.

[Second embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 4. In the following description, the same reference numerals may be used for components that are the same as or equivalent to those in the first embodiment, and descriptions thereof may be omitted or simplified.

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a condenser according to a second embodiment, similar to Figure 1. As shown in Figure 4, in the second embodiment, the lower end side (one end side) of the partition wall 12 is curved. Specifically, the partition wall 12 is curved so as to bulge slightly toward the cooling chamber 15 while inclining in a direction that narrows the volume of the condensation chamber 14 as it approaches the lower end.

Here, as a second comparative structure, the flow of exhaust steam S around the partition wall 12 was analyzed for a configuration in which the partition wall 12 was made flat in comparison with the second embodiment described above. In addition, under the same conditions as the analysis, the flow of exhaust steam S in the second embodiment described above was also analyzed, and the results were compared with the analysis results of the second comparative structure.

Comparing the second comparative structure with the second embodiment, the analysis result showed that in the second comparative structure, separation occurs in the flow of exhaust steam S in the space along the surface on the cooling chamber 15 side in the lower region of the partition wall 12. Furthermore, while the flow of exhaust steam S turns at the lower end side of the partition wall 12, in the second comparative structure, the flow does not turn sufficiently due to separation and flows into the cooling chamber 15, so the analysis result showed that the flow of exhaust steam S in the cooling chamber 15 is biased toward the wall surface opposite the partition wall 12.

In contrast, in the second embodiment, the lower end of the partition wall 12 is curved, which makes it possible to suppress the peeling that occurred in the second comparative structure. This redirects the exhaust steam S to flow toward the cooling chamber 15 in the lower region of the partition wall 12, and also makes it possible to suppress the exhaust steam S from being biased toward the wall surface opposite the partition wall 12. As a result, the flow of exhaust steam S in the cooling chamber 15 can be made uniform, and the cooling effect of the exhaust steam S in the cooling chamber 15 can be improved.

In addition, in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, when steam flows from the main body container to the gas cooling container, the flow of steam is redirected, causing separation.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be modified in various ways. In the above-described embodiments, the size, shape, orientation, etc. shown in the attached drawings are not limited to these, and can be modified as appropriate within the scope of the effects of the present invention. In addition, the present invention can be modified as appropriate without departing from the scope of the purpose of the present invention.

For example, the shape of the main body shell 11 is not particularly limited, and various modifications are possible as long as it can function as a condenser 10.

Also, the cooling chamber 15 may be configured with either the left or right chamber omitted.

The positional relationship between the wall-side spray 25a and the front wall 16 or rear wall 17 is not limited to a position where they are close to each other while being separated from each other. The wall-side spray 25a may be adjacent to the inner surface of the front wall 16 or rear wall 17 by being in contact with or embedded therein. Such a positional relationship can be changed as long as the effect of the wall-side spray 25a described above can be obtained.

In addition, if the volume of the condensation chamber 14 is small, the spray 25 in the condensation chamber 14 may be limited to the wall-side spray 25a.

In addition, in each of the above embodiments, the cooling chamber spray that sprays cooling water inside the cooling chamber 15 is only the downward spray 33, but this is not limited to this, and the configuration shown in Figure 5 may also be used. Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view similar to Figure 2 of a direct contact condenser according to a modified example.

The modified example shown in FIG. 5 has a distribution pipe 41 that is connected to the cooling water pipe 23 and extends upward at a position along the front wall 16 and rear wall 17 in the cooling chamber 15. Each distribution pipe 41 has a plurality of cooling chamber wall side sprays 42 arranged in the vertical direction (perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 5), and the cooling chamber wall side sprays 42 are part of the plurality of cooling chamber sprays.

The cooling chamber 15 is surrounded by the partition wall 12, the front wall 16, rear wall 17, top wall 18 (not shown in FIG. 1), and bottom wall 19 that form the main body 11, and one of the side walls 44 arranged on either the left or right side of these walls 16 to 19. Each wall that forms the condensation chamber 14 is a designated cooling chamber wall.

The cooling chamber wall-side sprays 42 are installed in the vicinity of the front wall 16 and the rear wall 17. The cooling chamber wall-side sprays 42 in the vicinity of the front wall 16 spray cooling water in a direction away from the front wall 16, i.e., toward the rear. The cooling chamber wall-side sprays 42 in the vicinity of the rear wall 17 spray cooling water in a direction away from the rear wall 17, i.e., toward the front.

The positional relationship between the cooling chamber wall side spray 42 and the front wall 16 or rear wall 17 is not limited to a position where they are close to each other while being separated from each other. The cooling chamber wall side spray 42 may be adjacent to the inner surface of the front wall 16 or rear wall 17 by being in contact with or embedded therein. Furthermore, if the volume of the cooling chamber 15 is small, the cooling chamber spray in the cooling chamber 15 may be limited to the cooling chamber wall side spray 42 only.

In the modified configuration of FIG. 5, in the cooling chamber 15 as in the condensation chamber 14, the exhaust steam S can be prevented from flowing unevenly near the front wall 16 and rear wall 17, and the flow of the exhaust steam S in the cooling chamber 15 can be made uniform. This further enhances the cooling effect of the exhaust steam S.

10. Condenser (direct contact condenser)
12 Partition wall 14 Condensation chamber 15 Cooling chamber 16 Front wall (wall, wall for cooling chamber)
17 Rear wall (wall, wall for cooling room)
25 Spray 25a Wall side spray 32 Downward spray (cooling chamber spray)
42 Cooling chamber wall side spray S Exhaust steam

Claims (3)

a condensation chamber into which exhaust steam flows;
A plurality of sprays for spraying cooling water within the condensation chamber;
a cooling chamber communicating with the condensation chamber and into which the exhaust steam cooled in the condensation chamber flows,
The condensation chamber is surrounded by a predetermined wall body,
At least a portion of the sprays are wall-side sprays that are installed near the wall or adjacent to the wall, and the wall-side sprays spray cooling water in a direction away from the wall on which they are installed ;
The condensation chamber and the cooling chamber are separated by a partition wall, and exhaust steam flowing from the condensation chamber into the cooling chamber is turned back at one end side of the partition wall,
2. A direct contact condenser comprising : a partition wall that is curved and inclined toward one end so as to narrow the volume of the condensation chamber and bulge toward the cooling chamber . 2. The direct contact condenser according to claim 1 , wherein the wall-side spray is set so that an amount of spray upward with respect to the horizontal direction is greater than an amount of spray downward. Further comprising a plurality of cooling chamber sprays for spraying cooling water within the cooling chamber;
The cooling chamber is surrounded by a predetermined cooling chamber wall,
3. The direct contact condenser according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the cooling chamber sprays are cooling chamber wall side sprays installed in the vicinity of the cooling chamber wall or at a position adjacent to the cooling chamber wall, and the cooling chamber wall side sprays spray cooling water in a direction away from the cooling chamber wall on which they are installed.

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