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JP7535789B2 - Composition for controlling soil-borne disease of plants and method for controlling soil-borne disease - Google Patents
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JP7535789B2 - Composition for controlling soil-borne disease of plants and method for controlling soil-borne disease - Google Patents

Composition for controlling soil-borne disease of plants and method for controlling soil-borne disease Download PDF

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JP7535789B2
JP7535789B2 JP2021036743A JP2021036743A JP7535789B2 JP 7535789 B2 JP7535789 B2 JP 7535789B2 JP 2021036743 A JP2021036743 A JP 2021036743A JP 2021036743 A JP2021036743 A JP 2021036743A JP 7535789 B2 JP7535789 B2 JP 7535789B2
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伊織 今▲崎▼
千仁 山口
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本発明は、アルカリ性組成物等を用いた、植物の土壌伝染病防除用組成物及び土壌伝染病防除方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a composition for controlling soil-borne diseases of plants and a method for controlling soil-borne diseases using an alkaline composition, etc.

植物の病気の大部分は微生物が主因となる伝染病である。特に、土壌生息性の病原微生物によって引き起こされる病害(土壌伝染病)は、植物の地下部から病原微生物が感染するため、化学薬剤の散布によって病原微生物を十分に殺菌し防除することが難しい。 The majority of plant diseases are infectious diseases caused primarily by microorganisms. In particular, diseases caused by soil-dwelling pathogenic microorganisms (soil-borne diseases) are difficult to control by spraying chemicals to sufficiently sterilize the pathogenic microorganisms, because the pathogenic microorganisms infect the plant from underground.

そのため、燻蒸剤によって土壌中の病原菌を殺菌する方法(土壌消毒)が実施されている。しかし、土壌消毒には、10アール当たり6万円以上の経費を要すること、更に、土壌の表面をビニールで被覆する必要があることから、コストや労力を要する。更に、作用対象となる生物の選択性が低く、病原菌以外の生物にも作用することから、周辺生物への影響も懸念されている。また、環境負荷を解消するため、有機物施用と灌水によって圃場土を還元化して殺菌する方法(土壌還元消毒)も考案されているものの、その効果は不安定である。更に、これらの方法では、燻蒸や還化による土壌消毒の実施期間中は作付できないことも経営上のデメリットとなっている。 For this reason, a method of sterilizing pathogens in the soil using fumigants (soil disinfection) is being implemented. However, soil disinfection requires costs of more than 60,000 yen per 10 ares, and the soil surface must be covered with vinyl, which is costly and labor-intensive. Furthermore, the selectivity of the target organisms is low, and the agent also acts on organisms other than pathogens, raising concerns about its impact on surrounding organisms. In addition, to eliminate the environmental burden, a method of sterilizing field soil by reducing it through the application of organic matter and irrigation (soil reduction disinfection) has been devised, but its effectiveness is unstable. Another disadvantage of these methods is that crops cannot be planted during the period when soil disinfection by fumigation or reduction is being carried out, which is a management disadvantage.

一方、病害抵抗性品種の利用は理想的な防除手段ではあるが、そのような品種が利用できる病害は一部に過ぎない。また、抵抗性を打破する新しい病原性系統が出現すればその効果は低下・消滅する。更に、病害抵抗性品種を台木として利用する場合には、接ぎ木の手間、あるいはそのための外注経費が余分に掛かる。 On the other hand, while the use of disease-resistant varieties is an ideal means of control, such varieties can only be used for a limited number of diseases. Furthermore, if a new pathogenic strain that overcomes the resistance appears, the effectiveness of such varieties will decrease or disappear. Furthermore, when using disease-resistant varieties as rootstocks, the labor of grafting or the cost of outsourcing for this purpose will be extra.

したがって、環境に調和し、高品質な野菜の安定生産を実現するために、これらの問題を克服する新たな土壌伝染病の防除技術の開発が求められている。 Therefore, in order to achieve stable production of high-quality vegetables in harmony with the environment, it is necessary to develop new soil-borne disease control technologies that overcome these problems.

このような技術の1つとして、下記非特許文献1,2,3には、肥料用の転炉スラグを土壌pHが7.5程度となるように多量に施用することにより、土壌伝染病の被害を複数年間に渡って軽減できることが報告されている。 As one such technique, the following non-patent documents 1, 2, and 3 report that applying large amounts of fertilizer converter slag to soil so that the soil pH is around 7.5 can reduce damage from soil-borne diseases for several years.

また、下記非特許文献4には、呼吸に関わるユビキノン還元酵素のQi部位に作用し、殺菌効果を示すQi阻害物質を用いた土壌用殺菌剤アミスルブロム(商品名「オラクル顆粒水和剤」、日産化学工業株式会社製)のアブラナ科野菜根こぶ病に対する効果が確認されている。下記非特許文献5には、植物に作用し、病害抵抗性を誘起することによって発病軽減効果を示す抵抗性誘導物質を用いた薬剤アシベンゾラルS-メチル(商品名「Bion(バイオン)」、シンジェンタ製)のアブラナ科野菜根こぶ病に対する効果が確認されている。 In addition, the following non-patent literature 4 confirms the effectiveness of the soil fungicide amisulbrom (trade name "Oracle Water Dispersible Granule", manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.), which uses a Qi inhibitor that acts on the Qi site of ubiquinone reductase involved in respiration and shows a bactericidal effect, against clubroot disease of cruciferous vegetables. The following non-patent literature 5 confirms the effectiveness of the drug acibenzolar-S-methyl (trade name "Bion", manufactured by Syngenta), which uses a resistance inducer that acts on plants and shows a disease-reducing effect by inducing disease resistance.

更に、下記非特許文献6には、海藻粉末による野菜類根こぶ病、立枯病の発病抑制効果が報告されている。 Furthermore, the following non-patent document 6 reports that seaweed powder is effective in suppressing the onset of clubroot and damping-off disease in vegetables.

「転炉スラグを用いた土壌pH 改良と抵抗性台木を用いたキュウリホモプシス根腐病の被害軽減」、岩舘康哉、植物防疫第68巻第9号(2014)、p.523-530"Improvement of soil pH with converter slag and reduction of damage caused by cucumber root rot disease using resistant rootstocks", Yasunari Iwadate, Plant Protection, Vol. 68, No. 9 (2014), p. 523-530 「転炉スラグによる土壌pH矯正が野菜の細菌性病害に与える影響」、門田育生・今▲崎▼伊織、植物防疫第70巻第4号 (2016)、P.215-219"Effect of soil pH correction with converter slag on bacterial diseases in vegetables", Ikuo Kadota and Iori Imazaki, Plant Protection, Vol. 70, No. 4 (2016), pp. 215-219 「転炉スラグによるブロッコリー根こぶ病の防除対策」、村上圭一・篠田英史・丸田里江・後藤逸男、 日本土壌肥料学雑誌75巻1号、P.53-58、2004年2月"Control of Broccoli Clubroot Disease Using Converter Slag", Keiichi Murakami, Hidefumi Shinoda, Rie Maruta and Itsuo Goto, Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Vol. 75, No. 1, pp. 53-58, February 2004 「新規土壌用殺菌剤アミスルブロム(オラクルR粉剤・顆粒水和剤)の特徴と使い方」、若山健二 、植物防疫 第66巻 第10号、2012年、p.573-581"Characteristics and usage of the new soil fungicide Amisulbrom (Oracle R powder and granular water dispersible agent)", Kenji Wakayama, Plant Protection, Vol. 66, No. 10, 2012, p. 573-581 「Control of light leaf spot and clubroot in brassica cropsusing defence elicitors」、Graham R. D. McGrann・Tracy Yoxall・Linda J. Paterson・Jeanette M.G. Taylor・Ioannis G. Birmpilis・Dale R. Walters・Neil D. Havis、European Journal of Plant Pathology 第148巻、2017年、p.447-461"Control of light leaf spot and clubroot in brassica crops using defense elicitors", Graham R. D. McGrann, Tracy Yoxall, Linda J. Paterson, Jeanette M.G. Taylor, Ioannis G. Birmpilis, Dale R. Walters, Neil D. Havis, European Journal of Plant Pathology Volume 148, 2017, p.447-461 「海藻粉末による野菜類根こぶ病、立枯病の発病抑制」、辻 元人, 石田 理子, 道家 章生, 杉山 暁史, 木村 重光, 久保 中央、環境微生物系学会合同大会、2017年、ポスター要旨"Suppression of clubroot and damping-off disease in vegetables by seaweed powder", Tsuji, Motohito; Ishida, Riko; Michika, Akio; Sugiyama, Akifumi; Kimura, Shigemitsu; Kubo, Chuo, Joint Meeting of the Environmental Microbiology Societies, 2017, Poster Abstract

上記従来技術に示されるように、アルカリ性肥料を土壌に混和し、pHを矯正することでアブラナ科野菜等の土壌伝染病を防除できる。しかしながら、多量に施用しなければ十分な効果を得ることはできない。 As shown in the above-mentioned prior art, soil-borne diseases of cruciferous vegetables can be controlled by mixing alkaline fertilizer into the soil and correcting the pH. However, a sufficient effect cannot be obtained unless a large amount is applied.

また、Qi阻害物質を用いた土壌用殺菌剤は、育苗期施用のみでは効果が不安定になることが予想されている。抵抗性誘導物質を用いた薬剤は、土壌伝染病に対する実用化事例は乏しい。 Furthermore, it is predicted that the effectiveness of soil fungicides that use Qi inhibitors will be unstable if they are only applied during the seedling stage. There are few examples of pesticides that use resistance inducers being put to practical use against soil-borne diseases.

更に、海藻資材については、化学農薬と比較するとアブラナ科野菜根こぶ病の防除効果は劣っている。 Furthermore, seaweed materials are less effective at controlling clubroot disease in cruciferous vegetables than chemical pesticides.

したがって、本発明の目的は、植物の土壌伝染病を、より効果的に防除できるようにした、植物の土壌伝染病防除用組成物及び土壌伝染病防除方法を提供することにある。 Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a composition for controlling soil-borne plant diseases and a method for controlling soil-borne plant diseases that can more effectively control soil-borne plant diseases.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明の植物の土壌伝染病防除用組成物は、下記に示す(1)アルカリ性組成物、(2)Qi阻害物質及び抵抗性誘導物質から選ばれた少なくとも1種、(3)海藻資材のうち、2種以上の組合せを含有することを特徴とする。 To achieve the above object, the composition for controlling soil-borne plant diseases of the present invention is characterized by containing a combination of two or more of the following: (1) an alkaline composition; (2) at least one selected from Qi inhibitors and resistance inducers; and (3) seaweed materials.

(1)アルカリ性組成物:(a)炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、苦土石灰及びケイ酸マグネシウムから選ばれた少なくとも1種、(b)微量要素、(c)二酸化ケイ素及び酸化鉄から選ばれた少なくとも1種のうち、(a)と(b)の組合せ、(a)と(c)の組合せ、又は(a)と(b)と(c)の組合せを含有するものである。 (1) Alkaline composition: (a) at least one selected from calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, dolomite, and magnesium silicate, (b) trace elements, and (c) at least one selected from silicon dioxide and iron oxide, the alkaline composition containing a combination of (a) and (b), a combination of (a) and (c), or a combination of (a), (b), and (c).

(2)Qi阻害物質:呼吸に関わるユビキノン還元酵素のQi部位に作用し、殺菌効果を示す物質である。
抵抗性誘導物質:病原菌に対する直接的な殺菌作用は示さないが、植物に作用して病害抵抗反応を誘起する物質である。
(2) Qi inhibitors: Substances that act on the Qi site of ubiquinone reductase, which is involved in respiration, and exhibit a bactericidal effect.
Resistance inducer: A substance that does not have a direct bactericidal effect on pathogens, but acts on plants to induce a disease resistance response.

(3)海藻資材:海水中で生育する緑藻、紅藻、褐藻から選ばれた1種以上の海藻そのもの、前記海藻の乾燥物、前記海藻の乾燥物を粉砕した物、前記海藻の乾燥物を高圧蒸気滅菌した物、又は前記海藻の乾燥物の粉砕物を高圧蒸気滅菌した物を含むものである。 (3) Seaweed material: one or more kinds of seaweed selected from green algae, red algae, and brown algae that grow in seawater, dried seaweed, crushed dried seaweed, autoclaved dried seaweed, or autoclaved crushed dried seaweed.

本発明の植物の土壌伝染病防除用組成物においては、A:(1)アルカリ性組成物と(2)Qi阻害物質及び抵抗性誘導物質から選ばれた少なくとも1種との組合せ、B:(1)アルカリ性組成物と(3)海藻資材との組合せ、C:(2)Qi阻害物質及び抵抗性誘導物質から選ばれた少なくとも1種と(3)海藻資材との組合せ、D:(1)アルカリ性組成物と(2)Qi阻害物質及び抵抗性誘導物質から選ばれた少なくとも1種と(3)海藻資材との組合せから選ばれたものを含有することが好ましい。 The composition for controlling soil-borne plant diseases of the present invention preferably contains a combination selected from A: (1) an alkaline composition and (2) at least one selected from a Qi inhibitor and a resistance inducer; B: (1) an alkaline composition and (3) a seaweed material; C: (2) a combination of at least one selected from a Qi inhibitor and a resistance inducer and (3) a seaweed material; and D: (1) an alkaline composition and (2) at least one selected from a Qi inhibitor and a resistance inducer and (3) a seaweed material.

本発明の植物の土壌伝染病防除用組成物において、前記(1)アルカリ性組成物は、前記(a)炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、苦土石灰及びケイ酸マグネシウムから選ばれた少なくとも1種、及び前記(c)二酸化ケイ素及び酸化鉄から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含有することが好ましい。 In the composition for controlling soil-borne plant diseases of the present invention, the alkaline composition (1) preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of (a) calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, dolomite, and magnesium silicate, and at least one selected from the group consisting of (c) silicon dioxide and iron oxide.

また、本発明の植物の土壌伝染病防除用組成物は、変形菌性又は細菌性又は真菌性の土壌伝染病に対する防除用組成物として特に有効である。 The composition for controlling soil-borne plant diseases of the present invention is particularly effective as a composition for controlling soil-borne myxomycete, bacterial, or fungal diseases.

また、植物の土壌伝染病防除方法は、上記に記載された土壌伝染病防除用組成物を、植物の播種から定植までの育苗期間に、育苗培土又は種子又は植物自体に付与することを特徴とする。 The method for controlling soil-borne infectious diseases in plants is characterized in that the above-described composition for controlling soil-borne infectious diseases is applied to seedling soil, seeds, or the plants themselves during the seedling raising period from sowing to transplanting.

本発明によれば、上述した(1)アルカリ性組成物、(2)Qi阻害物質及び抵抗性誘導物質から選ばれた少なくとも1種、(3)海藻資材のうち、2種以上の組合せからなる植物の土壌伝染病防除用組成物を土壌や植物に付与することにより、これらの成分が相乗的に作用して、植物の土壌伝染病を効果的に防除できる。また、植物の播種から定植までの育苗期間に、育苗培土又は種子又は植物自体に付与するだけで、定植される汚染圃場に土壌伝染病防除剤を付与しなくても、植物の土壌伝染病を効果的に防除できる。 According to the present invention, by applying to soil or plants a composition for controlling soil-borne plant diseases, which is a combination of two or more of the above-mentioned (1) alkaline composition, (2) at least one selected from Qi inhibitors and resistance inducers, and (3) seaweed materials, these components act synergistically to effectively control soil-borne plant diseases. In addition, by simply applying the composition to the seedling soil, seeds, or plants themselves during the seedling raising period from sowing to planting, soil-borne plant diseases can be effectively controlled without applying a soil-borne disease control agent to the contaminated field where the plants will be planted.

海藻資材の施用が植物の苗の生重量に与える影響を評価した結果を示す図表である。1 is a chart showing the results of an evaluation of the effect of application of seaweed materials on the fresh weight of plant seedlings. アルカリ性組成物と、海藻資材の各種施用量の組合せ施用が植物の苗の生重量に与える影響を評価した結果を示す図表である。1 is a chart showing the results of evaluating the effect of combined application of an alkaline composition and seaweed material at various application rates on the fresh weight of plant seedlings. アルカリ性組成物と、各種海藻資材と、抵抗性誘導物質との各種組合せの施用が土壌伝染病の発生程度に与える影響を評価した図表である。1 is a chart evaluating the effect of application of various combinations of an alkaline composition, various seaweed materials, and a resistance inducer on the incidence of soil-borne infectious diseases.

本発明の対象となる植物としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、カリフラワー、カブ、カラシナ、キャベツ、コマツナ、ダイコン、チンゲンサイ、ナタネ、ハクサイ、ブロッコリー、ミズナ、ワサビなどのアブラナ科野菜などが挙げられる。 Plants that are the subject of the present invention include, but are not limited to, cruciferous vegetables such as cauliflower, turnip, mustard, cabbage, komatsuna, radish, bok choy, rapeseed, Chinese cabbage, broccoli, mizuna, and wasabi.

本発明が適用される土壌伝染病としては、制限はないが、上記のアブラナ科野菜に発生するカリフラワー根こぶ病、カブ根こぶ病、カラシナ根こぶ病、キャベツ根こぶ病、コマツナ根こぶ病、ダイコン根こぶ病、チンゲンサイ根こぶ病、ナタネ根こぶ病、ハクサイ根こぶ病、ブロッコリー根こぶ病、ミズナ根こぶ病、ワサビ根こぶ病などが挙げられ、本発明は、これらの土壌伝染病に対して、特に有効である。 Soil-borne diseases to which the present invention can be applied include, but are not limited to, cauliflower clubroot, turnip clubroot, mustard clubroot, cabbage clubroot, komatsuna clubroot, radish clubroot, bok choy clubroot, rapeseed clubroot, Chinese cabbage clubroot, broccoli clubroot, mizuna clubroot, and wasabi clubroot, which occur in the above-mentioned cruciferous vegetables, and the present invention is particularly effective against these soil-borne diseases.

ここで、根こぶ病(ねこぶびょう、Club root disease)とは、ハクサイなどのアブラナ科野菜の根が、変形菌類に属する原始的な菌であるプラスモディオフォラ・ブラシケー(Plasmodiophora brassicae)の寄生を受け、こぶ状に著しく肥大する病気である。この病気にかかると、地上部の生育は悪くなり、葉は初期には日中萎凋(いちょう)する程度であるが、病勢が進むと黄変し落葉する。根こぶ病菌は、休眠胞子の状態で長期間生存するといわれており、感染した根はこぶを作り、膨大な数の休眠胞子が作られる。このこぶが腐敗すると、休眠胞子が土壌中に分散し、感染を繰り返す。 Club root disease is a disease in which the roots of cruciferous vegetables such as Chinese cabbage become infected with Plasmodiophora brassicae, a primitive fungus belonging to the slime fungus family, causing the roots to swell significantly into a knot-like shape. When infected with this disease, above-ground growth is stunted, and leaves initially only wilt during the day, but as the disease progresses they turn yellow and fall off. The clubroot fungus is said to survive for long periods in the form of dormant spores, and infected roots form galls that produce a huge number of dormant spores. When these galls rot, the dormant spores disperse into the soil, causing repeated infections.

このように、土壌伝染するアブラナ科野菜根こぶ病は、その原因微生物の根絶が難しく、土壌が土壌伝染病菌に感染すると、長期間に亘って植物の生育を阻害する傾向がある。本発明は、このような土壌伝染性の根こぶ病に侵された圃場において、植物の発病度を低減させる土壌伝染病防除用組成物及び土壌伝染病防除方法を提供するものである。 As described above, the soil-borne clubroot disease of cruciferous vegetables is difficult to eradicate, and once soil is infected with the soil-borne disease fungus, plant growth tends to be inhibited for a long period of time. The present invention provides a composition for controlling soil-borne diseases and a method for controlling soil-borne diseases that reduce the severity of disease in plants in fields infected with such soil-borne clubroot disease.

本発明の植物の土壌伝染病防除用組成物は、下記に示す(1)アルカリ性組成物、(2)Qi阻害物質及び抵抗性誘導物質から選ばれた少なくとも1種、(3)海藻資材のうち、2種以上の組合せを含有する。なお、ここで「2種以上の組合せを含有する」とは、2種以上の組合せ成分を1つの剤として含有することに限らず、それぞれの成分を別々に投与する態様をも含む意味である。 The composition for controlling soil-borne plant diseases of the present invention contains a combination of two or more of the following: (1) an alkaline composition; (2) at least one selected from Qi inhibitors and resistance inducers; and (3) seaweed materials. Note that "containing a combination of two or more" does not mean that two or more combined components are contained in one formulation, but also includes the case where each component is administered separately.

(1)アルカリ性組成物:(a)炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、苦土石灰及びケイ酸マグネシウムから選ばれた少なくとも1種、(b)微量要素、(c)二酸化ケイ素及び酸化鉄から選ばれた少なくとも1種のうち、(a)と(b)の組合せ、(a)と(c)の組合せ、又は(a)と(b)と(c)の組合せを含有するものである。 (1) Alkaline composition: (a) at least one selected from calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, dolomite, and magnesium silicate, (b) trace elements, and (c) at least one selected from silicon dioxide and iron oxide, the alkaline composition containing a combination of (a) and (b), a combination of (a) and (c), or a combination of (a), (b), and (c).

(2)Qi阻害物質:呼吸に関わるユビキノン還元酵素のQi部位に作用し、殺菌効果を示す物質である。
抵抗性誘導物質:病原菌に対する直接的な殺菌作用は示さないが、植物に作用して病害抵抗反応を誘起する物質である。
(2) Qi inhibitors: Substances that act on the Qi site of ubiquinone reductase, which is involved in respiration, and exhibit a bactericidal effect.
Resistance inducer: A substance that does not have a direct bactericidal effect on pathogens, but acts on plants to induce a disease resistance response.

(3)海藻資材:海水中で生育する緑藻、紅藻、褐藻から選ばれた1種以上の海藻そのもの、前記海藻の乾燥物、前記海藻の乾燥物を粉砕した物、前記海藻の乾燥物を高圧蒸気滅菌した物、又は前記海藻の乾燥物の粉砕物を高圧蒸気滅菌した物を含むものである。 (3) Seaweed material: one or more kinds of seaweed selected from green algae, red algae, and brown algae that grow in seawater, dried seaweed, crushed dried seaweed, autoclaved dried seaweed, or autoclaved crushed dried seaweed.

上記(1)~(3)成分の組合せとして、具体的には、A:(1)アルカリ性組成物と(2)Qi阻害物質及び抵抗性誘導物質から選ばれた少なくとも1種との組合せ、B:(1)アルカリ性組成物と(3)海藻資材との組合せ、C:(2)Qi阻害物質と(3)海藻資材との組合せ、D:(1)アルカリ性組成物と(2)Qi阻害物質及び抵抗性誘導物質から選ばれた少なくとも1種と(3)海藻資材との組合せ、などが挙げられる。 Specific examples of combinations of the above (1) to (3) components include A: a combination of (1) an alkaline composition and (2) at least one selected from a Qi inhibitor and a resistance inducer, B: a combination of (1) an alkaline composition and (3) a seaweed material, C: a combination of (2) a Qi inhibitor and (3) a seaweed material, and D: a combination of (1) an alkaline composition and (2) at least one selected from a Qi inhibitor and a resistance inducer and (3) a seaweed material.

特には、D:(1)アルカリ性組成物と(2)Qi阻害物質及び抵抗性誘導物質から選ばれた少なくとも1種と(3)海藻資材との組合せからなることが好ましい。 In particular, D: (1) is preferably a combination of an alkaline composition, (2) at least one selected from Qi inhibitors and resistance inducers, and (3) seaweed materials.

まず、(1)アルカリ性組成物について説明する。アルカリ組成物は、(a)炭酸カルシウム(CaCO3)、炭酸マグネシウム(MgCO3)、苦土石灰(CaCO3とMgCO3の複合物)及びケイ酸マグネシウム(Mg2Si3O8・5H2O)から選ばれた少なくとも1種、(b)微量要素、(c)二酸化ケイ素(SiO2)及び酸化鉄(Fe2O3)から選ばれた少なくとも1種のうち、(a)と(b)の組み合わせ、(a)と(c)の組み合わせ、又は(a)と(b)と(c)の組み合わせを含有する。 First, (1) the alkaline composition will be described. The alkaline composition contains at least one selected from (a) calcium carbonate ( CaCO3 ), magnesium carbonate ( MgCO3 ), dolomite ( a compound of CaCO3 and MgCO3 ) and magnesium silicate ( Mg2Si3O8.5H2O ), (b) trace elements, and (c) at least one selected from silicon dioxide ( SiO2 ) and iron oxide ( Fe2O3 ), and contains a combination of (a) and ( b ), a combination of (a) and (c), or a combination of (a), (b) and (c).

(a)成分の炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、苦土石灰、ケイ酸マグネシウムは、土壌のpHを上昇させるためのアルカリ性無機物として作用するものである。アルカリ性無機物としては、各種のものが知られているが、本発明者らは、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、苦土石灰及びケイ酸マグネシウムが、土壌伝染病に対する効果が高いことを見いだした。炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、苦土石灰及びケイ酸マグネシウムは、それぞれ単独で使用してもよいが、併用してもよい。 The (a) components calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, dolomite, and magnesium silicate act as alkaline minerals to raise the soil pH. Various alkaline minerals are known, but the inventors have found that calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, dolomite, and magnesium silicate are highly effective against soil-borne diseases. Calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, dolomite, and magnesium silicate may be used alone or in combination.

炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム及びケイ酸マグネシウムから選ばれた少なくとも1種の育苗培土に対する付与量は、付与後の育苗培土中における濃度が1~1,000 mMとなるようにすることが好ましく、1~500 mMとなるようにすることがより好ましく、1~250 mMとなるようにすることが最も好ましい。上記付与量が1 mM未満では、土壌pHの上昇効果が乏しくなり、土壌伝染病防除効果が弱められる傾向がある。ここで、育苗培土中における濃度mMは、育苗培土1 L中に含まれる当該化合物の分子数に基づいた量(mol)を表し、mM = mmol / Lの意味である。苦土石灰の育苗培土に対する付与量は、付与後の育苗培土中の濃度が1~100 g/Lとなるようにすることが好ましく、5~20 g/Lとなるようにすることがより好ましい。 The amount of at least one of calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and magnesium silicate added to the seedling soil is preferably such that the concentration in the seedling soil after addition is 1 to 1,000 mM, more preferably 1 to 500 mM, and most preferably 1 to 250 mM. If the amount added is less than 1 mM, the effect of increasing the soil pH is poor, and the effect of preventing soil-borne infectious diseases tends to be weakened. Here, the concentration in the seedling soil, mM, represents the amount (mol) based on the number of molecules of the compound contained in 1 L of seedling soil, and mM = mmol/L. The amount of dolomite added to the seedling soil is preferably such that the concentration in the seedling soil after addition is 1 to 100 g/L, and more preferably 5 to 20 g/L.

(b)成分の微量要素は、土壌pH矯正に伴って欠乏しやすくなるため、微量要素欠乏症を回避するために添加される。微量要素としては、マンガンとホウ素が特に必要である。
マンガンの育苗培土に対する付与量は、施用後の育苗培土中における濃度が0.08~20 mMとなるようにすることが好ましい。ホウ素の育苗培土に対する付与量は、施用後の育苗培土中における濃度が0.04~10 mMとなるようにすることが好ましい。
The trace elements in component (b) are added to avoid trace element deficiencies, which can easily occur when soil pH is corrected. Manganese and boron are particularly necessary trace elements.
The amount of manganese added to the seedling soil is preferably such that the concentration in the seedling soil after application is 0.08 to 20 mM.The amount of boron added to the seedling soil is preferably such that the concentration in the seedling soil after application is 0.04 to 10 mM.

(c)成分の1つである二酸化ケイ素は、植物の必須要素ではないものの、転炉スラグに豊富に含まれており、植物によっては生長促進効果や発病軽減効果を付与する効果がある。
二酸化ケイ素の育苗培土に対する付与量は、付与後の育苗培土中における濃度が120~3,000 mMとなるようにすることが好ましい。
(c) Silicon dioxide, one of the components, is not an essential element for plants, but is found in abundance in converter slag and has the effect of promoting growth and reducing disease in some plants.
The amount of silicon dioxide added to the seedling soil is preferably such that the concentration in the seedling soil after addition is 120 to 3,000 mM.

(c)成分のもう1つである酸化鉄としては、酸化第二鉄(Fe2O3)が好ましく用いられる。鉄は、転炉スラグに豊富に含まれており、転炉スラグの実績から、土壌伝染病防除効果を高める作用を有していると考えられる。
酸化鉄の育苗培土に対する付与量は、施用後の育苗培土中における濃度が2~50 mMとなるようにすることが好ましい。
As the iron oxide, which is the other component ( c ), ferric oxide ( Fe2O3 ) is preferably used. Iron is abundantly contained in converter slag, and based on the track record of converter slag, it is believed to have the effect of enhancing the effectiveness of soil-borne infectious diseases control.
The amount of iron oxide applied to the seedling soil is preferably such that the concentration in the seedling soil after application is 2 to 50 mM.

(1)アルカリ性組成物としては、(a)炭酸カルシウム(CaCO3)、炭酸マグネシウム(MgCO3)、苦土石灰(CaCO3とMgCO3の複合物)及びケイ酸マグネシウム(Mg2Si3O8・5H2O)から選ばれた少なくとも1種と、(c)二酸化ケイ素(SiO2)及び酸化鉄(Fe2O3)から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含有することがより好ましい。 (1) It is more preferable that the alkaline composition contains (a) at least one selected from calcium carbonate ( CaCO3 ), magnesium carbonate ( MgCO3 ), dolomite (a composite of CaCO3 and MgCO3), and magnesium silicate (Mg2Si3O8.5H2O), and (c) at least one selected from silicon dioxide (SiO2 ) and iron oxide ( Fe2O3 ) .

次に、(2)Qi阻害物質について説明すると、Qi阻害物質とは、呼吸に関わるユビキノン還元酵素のQi部位に作用し、殺菌効果を示す物質である。Qi阻害物質として具体的には、アミスルブロム、ジアゾファミドなどが挙げられ、これらの化合物から選ばれた少なくとも1種が好ましく用いられる。Qi阻害物質としては、例えば、アミスルブロム水和剤(商品名「オラクル顆粒水和剤」、日産化学工業株式会社製)や、ジアゾファミド水和剤(商品名「ランマンフロアブル」、石原産業株式会社製)などの市販品を用いることもできる。 Next, (2) Qi inhibitors will be explained. Qi inhibitors are substances that act on the Qi site of ubiquinone reductase, which is involved in respiration, and exhibit a bactericidal effect. Specific examples of Qi inhibitors include amisulbrom and diazofamid, and at least one selected from these compounds is preferably used. As Qi inhibitors, for example, commercially available products such as amisulbrom wettable powder (product name "Oracle granular wettable powder", manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and diazofamid wettable powder (product name "Ranman flowable", manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd.) can also be used.

Qi阻害物質の育苗培土に対する付与量は、施用後の育苗培土中における濃度が10~1700 mg/Lとなるようにすることが好ましい。 It is preferable to apply the Qi inhibitor to the seedling soil so that the concentration in the seedling soil after application is 10 to 1700 mg/L.

抵抗性誘導物質について説明すると、抵抗性誘導物質とは、病原菌に対する直接的な殺菌効果を示さないが、植物に作用して病害に対する抵抗反応を誘起する物質である。抵抗性誘導物質として具体的には、プロベナゾール、アシベンゾラルS-メチル、イソチアニル、チアジニルなどが挙げられ、これらの化合物から選ばれた少なくとも1種が好ましく用いられる。抵抗性誘導物質としては、例えば、プロベナゾール水和剤(商品名「オリゼメート顆粒水和剤」、Meiji Seikaファルマ株式会社製)、アシベンゾラルS-メチル水和剤(商品名「アクティガード顆粒水和剤」、シンジェンタジャパン株式会社製)、イソチアニル水和剤(商品名「ルーチンフロアブル」、バイエルクロップサイエンス株式会社製)、チアジニル水和剤(商品名「ブイゲットフロアブル」、日本農薬株式会社製)などの市販品を用いることもできる。 Regarding resistance inducers, they are substances that do not have a direct bactericidal effect against pathogens, but act on plants to induce a resistance response against diseases. Specific examples of resistance inducers include probenazole, acibenzolar S-methyl, isotianil, and thiadinil, and at least one selected from these compounds is preferably used. Resistance inducers that can be used include commercially available products such as probenazole wettable powder (trade name "Oryzemate Granule Wettable Powder", manufactured by Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.), acibenzolar S-methyl wettable powder (trade name "Actiguard Granule Wettable Powder", manufactured by Syngenta Japan Co., Ltd.), isotianil wettable powder (trade name "Routine Flowable", manufactured by Bayer CropScience Co., Ltd.), and thiadinil wettable powder (trade name "V-Get Flowable", manufactured by Nippon Nohyaku Co., Ltd.).

抵抗性誘導物質の育苗培土に対する付与量は、施用後の育苗培土中における濃度が10~1700 mg/Lとなるようにすることが好ましい。 It is preferable to apply the resistance inducer to the seedling soil so that the concentration in the seedling soil after application is 10 to 1700 mg/L.

次に、(3)海藻資材について説明すると、海藻資材としては、海水中で生育する緑藻(Dictyosphaeria cavernosa、Enteromorpha spp.、Ulvaspp.)、紅藻(Ahnfeltia plicata、Gracilaria spp.、Gracilaria chilensis、Halymenia venusta、Laurencia papillosa、Lithothamnion corallioides、Phymtolithon calcareum)、褐藻(Alaria fitulosa、Ascophyllum nodosum、Ecklonia maxima、Fucus gardneri、Hydroclathrus clathratus、Laminaria schinzii、Macrocystis pyrifera、Nereocystis luetkaena、Durvillea potatorum、Sargassum spp.、Turbinaria spp.)などから選ばれた海藻そのもの、又は海藻の乾燥物、又は当該乾燥物を粉砕したもの、又は当該乾燥物を高圧蒸気滅菌したもの、又は当該粉砕物を高圧蒸気滅菌したものなどが使用できる。 Next, (3) seaweed materials will be explained. Seaweed materials include green algae (Dictyosphaeria cavernosa, Enteromorpha spp., Ulvas pp.), red algae (Ahnfeltia plicata, Gracilaria spp., Gracilaria chilensis, Halymenia venusta, Laurencia papillosa, Lithothamnion corallioides, Phymtolithon calcareum), brown algae (Alaria fitulosa, Ascophyllum nodosum, Ecklonia maxima, Fucus gardneri, Hydroclathrus clathratus, Laminaria schinzii, Macrocystis pyrifera, Nereocystis luetkaena, Durvillea potatorum, Sargassum spp., Turbinaria spp.), or dried seaweed, or crushed dried seaweed, or autoclaved steam sterilized dried seaweed, or autoclaved steam sterilized crushed seaweed, etc. can be used.

前記非特許文献6によれば、根こぶ病菌汚染土壌における発病抑制効果は、北欧産褐藻アスコフィラム ノドサムが最も高く、褐藻アカモクにも発病抑制効果が認められたことが記載されている。また、立枯病菌に対しても効果があったことが記載されている。 According to the above-mentioned non-patent document 6, the disease suppression effect in soil contaminated with Plasmodiophora root-knot fungus was the highest with the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum from Northern Europe, and the disease suppression effect was also observed with the brown alga Sargassum horneri. It is also described that it was effective against damping-off fungus.

(3)海藻資材の育苗培土に対する付与量は、海藻の乾燥物換算で、1~50 g/Lであることが好ましく、1~12 g/Lであることがより好ましく、1~9 g/Lであることが更に好ましい。 (3) The amount of seaweed material added to the seedling soil is preferably 1 to 50 g/L, more preferably 1 to 12 g/L, and even more preferably 1 to 9 g/L, calculated as the dry matter of the seaweed.

本発明の植物の土壌伝染病防除用組成物は、(1)アルカリ性組成物、(2)Qi阻害物質及び抵抗性誘導物質から選ばれた少なくとも1種、(3)海藻資材を、予め混合して調製した組成物であってもよく、個々の成分を個別に付与するようにした組合せの組成物であってもよい。 The composition for controlling soil-borne plant diseases of the present invention may be a composition prepared by mixing in advance (1) an alkaline composition, (2) at least one selected from Qi inhibitors and resistance inducers, and (3) seaweed materials, or may be a combination composition in which each component is applied individually.

本発明の植物の土壌伝染病防除剤の土壌への付与方法は、粉体混合物としてそのまま、育苗培土や植物自体に付与することもできるが、適当量の水に溶解分散させて溶液又は懸濁液として付与することもできる。この場合、本発明の土壌伝染病防除用組成物を水に溶解分散させた溶液又は懸濁液(以下単に「溶液」とする)中のそれぞれの成分の濃度は、下記のような濃度とすることが好ましい。 The method of applying the soil-borne disease control agent for plants of the present invention to soil is to apply it as a powder mixture directly to the seedling soil or to the plant itself, or to apply it as a solution or suspension by dissolving and dispersing it in an appropriate amount of water. In this case, the concentration of each component in the solution or suspension (hereinafter simply referred to as "solution") in which the soil-borne disease control composition of the present invention is dissolved and dispersed in water is preferably as follows:

(1)アルカリ性組成物における(a)炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム及びケイ酸マグネシウムから選ばれた少なくとも1種の上記溶液中の濃度は、1~5,000 mMが好ましい。アルカリ性組成物における(a)苦土石灰の上記溶液中の濃度は、1 g/L~500 g/Lが好ましい。 (1) In the alkaline composition, the concentration of (a) at least one selected from calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and magnesium silicate in the solution is preferably 1 to 5,000 mM. In the alkaline composition, the concentration of (a) dolomite in the solution is preferably 1 g/L to 500 g/L.

同アルカリ性組成物における(b)微量要素のうち、マンガンの上記溶液中の濃度は、0.08~100 mMが好ましい。ホウ素の上記溶液中の濃度は、0.04~50 mMが好ましい。 Among the trace elements (b) in the alkaline composition, the concentration of manganese in the solution is preferably 0.08 to 100 mM. The concentration of boron in the solution is preferably 0.04 to 50 mM.

同アルカリ性組成物における(c)成分のうち、二酸化ケイ素の上記溶液中の濃度は、120~15,000 mMが好ましい。また、酸化鉄の上記溶液中の濃度は、2~250 mMが好ましい。 Of the components (c) in the alkaline composition, the concentration of silicon dioxide in the solution is preferably 120 to 15,000 mM. The concentration of iron oxide in the solution is preferably 2 to 250 mM.

(2)Qi阻害物質と抵抗性誘導物質の上記溶液中の濃度は、各々0.01~1%(質量 / 体積)が好ましい。 (2) The concentrations of the Qi inhibitor and resistance inducer in the above solution are preferably 0.01 to 1% (mass/volume) each.

(3)海藻資材の上記溶液中の濃度は、0.1 ~ 25%(質量 / 体積)が好ましい。 (3) The concentration of the seaweed material in the above solution is preferably 0.1 to 25% (mass/volume).

本発明の植物の土壌伝染病防除用組成物は、植物の播種から定植までの育苗期間に、育苗培土又は種子又は植物自体に付与することが好ましい。本発明の植物の土壌伝染病防除用組成物を、植物の播種から定植までの育苗期間に、育苗培土又は種子又は植物自体に付与することにより、その後に土壌伝染病に汚染された圃場に定植しても、土壌伝染病の発病度を低減することができる。このため、圃場全体に土壌伝染病防除用組成物を施用しなくても、土壌伝染病防除効果が期待できる。勿論、本発明の植物の土壌伝染病防除用組成物は、定植する圃場にも付与することができ、それによって、土壌伝染病防除効果をより高めることができる。 The composition for controlling soil-borne infectious diseases of plants of the present invention is preferably applied to the seedling soil, seeds, or the plants themselves during the seedling raising period from sowing to planting. By applying the composition for controlling soil-borne infectious diseases of plants of the present invention to the seedling soil, seeds, or the plants themselves during the seedling raising period from sowing to planting, the severity of the soil-borne infectious disease can be reduced even if the plants are subsequently planted in a field contaminated with a soil-borne infectious disease. Therefore, the soil-borne infectious disease control effect can be expected even without applying the composition for controlling soil-borne infectious diseases to the entire field. Of course, the composition for controlling soil-borne infectious diseases of plants of the present invention can also be applied to the field where the plants are planted, thereby further enhancing the soil-borne infectious disease control effect.

以下に実施例を挙げて本発明の詳細を説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。 The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

<実験例1>
海藻資材の施用が植物の苗の生重量に与える影響を評価した。海藻資材としては、アスコフィルム ノドサム粉末(商品名「アスコ・シーグリーン」、アンデス貿易株式会社販売)を用いた。
<Experimental Example 1>
The effect of applying seaweed materials on the fresh weight of plant seedlings was evaluated. As the seaweed material, Ascophyllum nodosum powder (product name "Asco Sea Green", sold by Andes Trading Co., Ltd.) was used.

令和元年9月28日に、育苗培土(商品名「くみあいセル専用N220」、三研ソイル株式会社製)を詰めた128穴セルトレーに、栽培植物としてキャベツ(品種「おきな」)を播種した。海藻資材を含む施用区では、育苗培土に海藻資材を0、3、6又は9 g/L混和して、施用区毎に調製した育苗培土をセルトレーに詰めた。播種30日後(同年10月28日)、子葉を含む子葉より上部の生重量を測定した。
各施用区の生重量の結果を図1に示す。
On September 28, 2019, cabbage (variety "Okina") was sown as a cultivated plant in a 128-hole cell tray filled with seedling soil (product name "Kumiai Cell Exclusive N220" manufactured by Sanken Soil Co., Ltd.). In the application area containing seaweed materials, 0, 3, 6 or 9 g/L of seaweed materials were mixed into the seedling soil, and the seedling soil prepared for each application area was packed into the cell tray. Thirty days after sowing (October 28, 2019), the fresh weight of the part above the cotyledons, including the cotyledons, was measured.
The fresh weight results for each application area are shown in FIG.

図1に示されるように、海藻資材の施用量が3、6、9 g/Lでは生重量に影響がなかった。
したがって、海藻資材の施用量が少なくとも9 g/L以下であれば生重量への影響はないことが明らかとなった。
As shown in Figure 1, there was no effect on fresh weight at application rates of 3, 6, and 9 g/L of seaweed material.
Therefore, it became clear that there was no effect on fresh weight as long as the application rate of seaweed material was at least 9 g/L or less.

<実験例2>
(1)アルカリ性組成物と(2)海藻資材の各種施用量の組合せ施用が植物の苗の生重量に与える影響を評価した。
(1)のアルカリ性組成物としては、(a)炭酸マグネシウム(商品名「炭酸マグネシウムTT」、ナイカイ塩業株式会社製)と(b)二酸化ケイ素(商品名「スーパーイネルギー」、片倉コープアグリ株式会社販売、富士シリシア化学株式会社製)の混合物、又は(a)苦土石灰(商品名「こがね苦土石灰」、日本肥料株式会社製)と(b)酸化鉄(Fe2O3、富士フィルム和光株式会社製)の混合物を使用した。
(2)の海藻資材としては、アスコフィルム ノドサム粉末(商品名「アスコ・シーグリーン」、アンデス貿易株式会社販売)を用いた。
これら(1)、(2)の物質を組合せて、キャベツ育苗実験を行った。
<Experimental Example 2>
The effect of the combined application of (1) an alkaline composition and (2) a seaweed material at various application rates on the fresh weight of plant seedlings was evaluated.
As the alkaline composition (1), a mixture of (a) magnesium carbonate (product name "Magnesium Carbonate TT", manufactured by Naikai Salt Co., Ltd.) and (b) silicon dioxide (product name "Super Energy", sold by Katakura Coop Agri Co., Ltd. and manufactured by Fuji Silysia Chemical Co., Ltd.), or a mixture of (a) dolomite (product name "Kogane Dolomite Lime", manufactured by Nippon Fertilizer Co., Ltd.) and (b) iron oxide ( Fe2O3 , manufactured by Fuji Film Wako Co., Ltd.) was used.
(2) As the seaweed material, Ascophyllum nodosum powder (product name "Asco Sea Green", sold by Andes Trading Co., Ltd.) was used.
These substances (1) and (2) were combined and used in a cabbage seedling raising experiment.

令和2年3月19日に、育苗培土(商品名「くみあいセル専用N220」、三研ソイル株式会社製)を詰めた128穴セルトレーに、栽培植物としてキャベツ(品種「おきな」)を播種した。アルカリ性組成物を含む施用区では、育苗培土に炭酸マグネシウムを1.5 g/L(約15 mM)と二酸化ケイ素を40 g/L(約600 mM)、又は、苦土石灰を10 g/Lと酸化鉄を1.7 g/L(約10 mM)混和し、海藻資材を含む施用区では、育苗培土に海藻資材を0、2、4、6又は8 g/L混和して、施用区毎に調製した育苗培土をセルトレーに詰めた。また、各施用区の育苗培土の一部を取り、pHを測定した。播種32日後(同年4月20日)、子葉節から最も長い本葉の先端までの長さと子葉を含む子葉より上部の生重量を測定した。
育苗培土pH、苗の長さ、苗の生重量の測定結果を図2に示す。
On March 19, 2020, cabbage (variety "Okina") was sown as a cultivated plant in a 128-hole cell tray filled with seedling soil (product name "Kumiai Cell Exclusive N220", manufactured by Sanken Soil Co., Ltd.). In the application area containing the alkaline composition, 1.5 g/L (about 15 mM) of magnesium carbonate and 40 g/L (about 600 mM) of silicon dioxide, or 10 g/L of dolomite and 1.7 g/L (about 10 mM) of iron oxide were mixed into the seedling soil, and in the application area containing seaweed materials, 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 g/L of seaweed materials were mixed into the seedling soil, and the seedling soil prepared for each application area was packed into the cell tray. In addition, a portion of the seedling soil from each application area was taken and the pH was measured. Thirty-two days after sowing (April 20 of the same year), the length from the cotyledonary node to the tip of the longest true leaf and the fresh weight of the part above the cotyledons, including the cotyledons, were measured.
The measurement results of the seedling soil pH, seedling length, and seedling fresh weight are shown in Figure 2.

図2に示されるように、海藻資材の施用によって育苗培土のpHは低下する傾向が認められたが、無施用以外は全てpH6.5以上であった。アルカリ性組成物として、炭酸マグネシウムと二酸化ケイ素の混合物を施用した場合には、海藻資材の施用量が2、4、6又は8 g/Lでは生重量に影響がなかった。また、アルカリ性組成物として、苦土石灰と酸化鉄の混合物を施用した場合には、海藻資材の施用量が2、4又は6 g/Lでは生重量に影響がなかった。 As shown in Figure 2, the application of seaweed materials tended to lower the pH of the seedling soil, but all were above pH 6.5 except for when no seaweed was applied. When a mixture of magnesium carbonate and silicon dioxide was applied as the alkaline composition, there was no effect on the fresh weight when the seaweed materials were applied at a rate of 2, 4, 6 or 8 g/L. Furthermore, when a mixture of dolomite and iron oxide was applied as the alkaline composition, there was no effect on the fresh weight when the seaweed materials were applied at a rate of 2, 4 or 6 g/L.

<実験例3>
(1)アルカリ性組成物、(2)海藻資材、(3)アルカリ性組成物と海藻資材の組合せ施用が土壌伝染病の発生程度に与える影響を評価した。
(1)のアルカリ性組成物としては、(a)炭酸カルシウム(商品名「53炭酸カルシウム肥料」、三陸石灰株式会社製)、(b)酸化鉄(Fe2O3、富士フィルム和光株式会社製)の混合物を使用した。
(2)の海藻資材としては、アスコフィルム ノドサム粉末(商品名「ハイケルプ(粉末)」、NCTフロンティア株式会社販売)を用いた。
これら(1)、(2)の物質を単独又は組合せて、キャベツ栽培の圃場実験を行った。
<Experimental Example 3>
The effects of (1) the application of an alkaline composition, (2) seaweed materials, and (3) the combined application of an alkaline composition and seaweed materials on the incidence of soil-borne infectious diseases were evaluated.
As the alkaline composition (1), a mixture of (a) calcium carbonate (product name "53 Calcium Carbonate Fertilizer", manufactured by Sanriku Lime Co., Ltd.) and (b) iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 , manufactured by Fuji Film Wako Co., Ltd.) was used.
(2) As the seaweed material, Ascophyllum nodosum powder (product name “High Kelp (powder)” sold by NCT Frontier Co., Ltd.) was used.
Field experiments were conducted on cabbage using these substances (1) and (2) either alone or in combination.

令和2年6月8日に、育苗培土(商品名「くみあいセル専用N170」、三研ソイル株式会社製)を詰めた128穴セルトレーに、栽培植物としてキャベツ(品種「おきな」)を播種した。アルカリ性組成物を含む施用区では、育苗培土に炭酸カルシウムを10 g/L(約100 mM)、酸化鉄を1.7 g/L(約10 mM)混和し、海藻資材を含む施用区では、育苗培土に海藻資材を2 g/L混和して、施用区毎に調製した育苗培土をセルトレーに詰めた。播種21日後(同年6月29日)、土壌病原菌としてアブラナ科野菜根こぶ病菌の汚染圃場に定植した。
定植58~59日後、キャベツ根こぶ病の発生程度に与える影響を評価する指標として、キャベツ根こぶ病の病徴の程度を示す発病指数を下記の評価基準で設け、各キャベツ株を発病程度に応じて区分した。なお、定植58日後には4種類の各処理区における半数の株(20株)、定植59日後には各区における残りの20株を評価・区分した。区分後、発病度を下記式1に基づいて算出し、更に発病度から同様に下記式1に基づいて防除価を算出した。
On June 8, 2020, cabbage (variety "Okina") was sown as a cultivated plant in a 128-hole cell tray filled with seedling soil (product name "Kumiai Cell Exclusive N170", manufactured by Sanken Soil Co., Ltd.). In the application area containing the alkaline composition, calcium carbonate was mixed with the seedling soil at 10 g/L (about 100 mM) and iron oxide was mixed with 1.7 g/L (about 10 mM), and in the application area containing seaweed materials, seaweed materials were mixed with the seedling soil at 2 g/L, and the seedling soil prepared for each application area was packed into the cell tray. 21 days after sowing (June 29, 2020), the plants were planted in a field contaminated with Plasmodiophora root knotweed as a soil pathogen.
58-59 days after planting, a disease index showing the severity of symptoms of cabbage clubroot was established according to the following evaluation criteria as an index for evaluating the effect on the severity of cabbage clubroot occurrence, and each cabbage plant was classified according to the severity of the disease. 58 days after planting, half the plants (20 plants) in each of the four treatment plots were evaluated and classified, and 59 days after planting, the remaining 20 plants in each plot were evaluated and classified. After classification, the severity of disease was calculated according to the following formula 1, and the control value was calculated from the severity of disease according to the following formula 1.

(発病指数の評価基準)
0:無発病、1:根こぶが根系全体の1/3未満の根に着生、2:根こぶが根系全体の1/3以上2/3未満の根に着生、3:根こぶが根系全体の2/3以上の根に着生(側根形成あり)、4:根こぶが根系全体の根に着生(側根の形成なし)
発病度={Σ(発病指数別株数×発病指数)/(全株数×4)}×100 ・・・(式1)
上記において、発病指数別株数とは、それぞれの発病指数を示した株数を意味する。また、式1において、Σ(発病指数別株数×発病指数)は、次のようにして計算した値を意味する。すなわち、発病指数「0(無病徴)」を示すキャベツ株数に発病指数「0」を掛算する。次に、発病指数「1(根こぶが根系全体の1/3未満の根に着生)」を示すキャベツ株に発病指数「1」を掛算する。他の発病指数でも同様に掛算し、それぞれで得られた数値を合算した値となる。
防除価=100-(処理区の発病度/無処理の発病度)×100 ・・・(式1)
(Evaluation criteria for disease incidence index)
0: No disease, 1: Root clubs grow on less than 1/3 of the roots in the entire root system, 2: Root clubs grow on 1/3 to 2/3 of the roots in the entire root system, 3: Root clubs grow on 2/3 or more of the roots in the entire root system (with lateral roots), 4: Root clubs grow on the entire root system (without lateral roots).
Severity of disease = {Σ (number of plants by disease index × disease index) / (total number of plants × 4)} × 100 ... (Formula 1)
In the above, the number of plants by disease index means the number of plants showing each disease index. In addition, in formula 1, Σ (number of plants by disease index × disease index) means a value calculated as follows. That is, the number of cabbage plants showing a disease index of "0 (no symptoms)" is multiplied by the disease index of "0". Next, the number of cabbage plants showing a disease index of "1 (root galls are attached to roots that account for less than 1/3 of the entire root system)" is multiplied by the disease index of "1". The same multiplication is carried out for the other disease indexes, and the values obtained for each are added together to obtain the value.
Control value = 100 - (disease severity in treated area/disease severity in untreated area) x 100 ... (Formula 1)

また、アルカリ性組成物と海藻資材の組み合わせ施用の予測防除価(EV)をColbyの理論(Colby, R. S. 1967 Weeds 15:20-22)に基づいた以下の式2を用いて算出し、これと実測される防除価(OV)と比べた。OVがEVより大きい場合には相乗作用があると判定した。
(2種類の組み合わせ処理の場合の予測防除価)
EV=X+Y-XY/100 ・・・(式2)
(上記式において、EVはAとBの2種類の要素を組合せて施用した際の予測防除価を示し、XはAを単独で施した際に実測される防除価を示し、YはBを単独で施した際に実測される防除価を示す)。
こうして求められた発病度、防除価、相乗効果の有無の判定結果を表1に示す。
In addition, the predicted control value (EV) of the combined application of the alkaline composition and the seaweed material was calculated using the following formula 2 based on Colby's theory (Colby, RS 1967 Weeds 15:20-22), and compared with the actual control value (OV). If the OV is greater than the EV, it is determined that there is a synergistic effect.
(Predicted control value when two types of combined treatment are performed)
EV=X+Y-XY/100...(Formula 2)
(In the above formula, EV represents the predicted control value when two elements, A and B, are applied in combination, X represents the control value actually measured when A is applied alone, and Y represents the control value actually measured when B is applied alone.)
The thus determined results of the disease severity, control value, and the presence or absence of synergistic effect are shown in Table 1.

Figure 0007535789000001
Figure 0007535789000001

表1の結果に示されるように、防除価の高さは、「アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材」、「アルカリ性組成物」、「海藻資材」の順となった。また、「アルカリ性組成物」と「海藻資材」と組合せに相乗効果が検出された。したがって、土壌に、「アルカリ性組成物」と「海藻資材」とを組合せて施せば、病害防除の作用効果が相乗的に得られることが明らかとなった。 As shown in the results in Table 1, the order of highest control value was "alkaline composition + seaweed material," "alkaline composition," and "seaweed material." Furthermore, a synergistic effect was detected in the combination of "alkaline composition" and "seaweed material." Therefore, it became clear that applying a combination of "alkaline composition" and "seaweed material" to soil can provide a synergistic disease control effect.

<実験例4>
(1)アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材(オートクレーブ処理無し)、(2)アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材(オートクレーブ処理有り)、(3)抵抗性誘導物質、(4)アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材(オートクレーブ処理無し)+抵抗性誘導物質、(5)アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材(オートクレーブ処理有り)+抵抗性誘導物質の施用が土壌伝染病の発生程度に与える影響を評価した。
<Experimental Example 4>
The effects of application of (1) alkaline composition + seaweed material (not autoclaved), (2) alkaline composition + seaweed material (autoclaved), (3) resistance inducer, (4) alkaline composition + seaweed material (not autoclaved) + resistance inducer, and (5) alkaline composition + seaweed material (autoclaved) + resistance inducer on the incidence of soil-borne infectious diseases were evaluated.

(1)のアルカリ性組成物としては、(a)炭酸カルシウム(商品名「53炭酸カルシウム肥料」、三陸石灰株式会社製)、(b)酸化鉄(Fe2O3、富士フィルム和光株式会社製)の混合物を使用した。また、海藻資材としては、アスコフィルム ノドサム粉末(商品名「ハイケルプ(粉末)」、NCTフロンティア株式会社販売)を用いた。 As the alkaline composition (1), a mixture of (a) calcium carbonate (product name "53 Calcium Carbonate Fertilizer", manufactured by Sanriku Lime Co., Ltd.) and (b) iron oxide ( Fe2O3 , manufactured by Fuji Film Wako Co., Ltd.) was used. As the seaweed material, Ascophyllum nodosum powder (product name "High Kelp (powder)", sold by NCT Frontier Co., Ltd.) was used.

(2)のアルカリ性組成物と海藻資材については(1)と同じ製品を用いた。なお、海藻資材については、2 kgを高圧蒸気滅菌(オートクレーブ)用の袋に入れて、121℃下で20分間オートクレーブ処理した。 (2) The alkaline composition and seaweed material were the same as those used in (1). 2 kg of the seaweed material was placed in a bag for high-pressure steam sterilization (autoclave) and autoclaved at 121°C for 20 minutes.

(3)の抵抗性誘導物質としてはプロベナゾール水和剤(商品名:「オリゼメート顆粒水和剤」、Meiji Seikaファルマ株式会社製)を用いた。
これら(1)、(2)、(3)の組合せにおいて、キャベツ栽培実験を行った。
(3) As the resistance inducer, probenazole wettable powder (trade name: Oryzemate wettable powder granules, manufactured by Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.) was used.
Cabbage cultivation experiments were conducted using these combinations (1), (2), and (3).

令和2年10月28日に、育苗培土(商品名「くみあいセル専用N220」、三研ソイル株式会社製)を詰めた128穴セルトレーに、栽培植物としてキャベツ(品種「おきな」)を播種した。アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材の施用区では、育苗培土に炭酸カルシウムを10 g/L(約100 mM)、酸化鉄を1.7 g/L(約10 mM)、海藻資材を2 g/L混和した後、セルトレーに詰めた。アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材+抵抗性誘導物質の施用区では、育苗培土にアルカリ性組成物と海藻資材を同様に混和した後、セルトレーに詰めた。播種後、無加温のガラス室内で栽培した。播種44日後(同年12月11日)、プロベナゾールを施用する試験群には、128穴セルトレー1枚当たり500 mLの0.24%プロベナゾールを含む懸濁液を灌注した。灌注後、土壌病原菌としてアブラナ科野菜根こぶ病菌で汚染した土を入れたポリポット(容量:約750 ml)に移植した。移植後は、人工気象器内で底面吸水しながら栽培した。なお、人工気象器は、12月28日(移植17日後)まで、明期25℃・16時間、暗期20℃・8時間とし、それ以降は発病を促すため器内温度を3℃高め、明期28℃・16時間、暗期23℃・8時間とした。 On October 28, 2020, cabbage (variety "Okina") was sown as a cultivated plant in a 128-hole cell tray filled with seedling soil (product name "Kumiai Cell Exclusive N220", manufactured by Sanken Soil Co., Ltd.). In the application area of the alkaline composition + seaweed material, 10 g/L (approximately 100 mM) of calcium carbonate, 1.7 g/L (approximately 10 mM) of iron oxide, and 2 g/L of seaweed material were mixed into the seedling soil and then packed into the cell tray. In the application area of the alkaline composition + seaweed material + resistance inducer, the alkaline composition and seaweed material were similarly mixed into the seedling soil and then packed into the cell tray. After sowing, the plants were cultivated in an unheated glasshouse. 44 days after sowing (December 11th of the same year), the test group treated with probenazole was irrigated with 500 mL of a 0.24% probenazole suspension per 128-well cell tray. After irrigation, the plants were transplanted into polypots (volume: approximately 750 mL) containing soil contaminated with Plasmodiophora root knotweed as a soil pathogen. After transplantation, the plants were grown in an artificial climate chamber with bottom water absorption. The artificial climate chamber was set at 25°C for 16 hours of light and 20°C for 8 hours of darkness until December 28th (17 days after transplantation), after which the temperature inside the chamber was increased by 3°C to promote disease development, and set to 28°C for 16 hours of light and 23°C for 8 hours of darkness.

定植32日後、キャベツの茎葉(地上部)と根部の生重量を測定した。なお、根部の生重量については、土を水で洗い流した後、濾紙上に約1時間置き水を切った後に測定した。キャベツ根こぶ病の発生程度に与える影響を評価する指標として、キャベツ根こぶ病の病徴の程度を示す発病指数を下記の評価基準で設け、各キャベツ株を発病程度に応じて区分した。区分後、発病度を前述の式1に基づいて算出し、更に発病度から同様に前述の式2に基づいて防除価を算出した。 Thirty-two days after planting, the fresh weights of the cabbage stems and leaves (above ground) and roots were measured. The fresh weight of the roots was measured after the soil had been washed off with water, and the plants were placed on filter paper for approximately one hour to drain the water. As an index for evaluating the effect on the incidence of cabbage clubroot disease, a disease index showing the severity of symptoms of cabbage clubroot disease was established according to the following evaluation criteria, and each cabbage plant was classified according to the severity of the disease. After classification, the severity of the disease was calculated based on the above-mentioned formula 1, and the control value was calculated from the severity of the disease based on the above-mentioned formula 2.

(発病指数の評価基準)
0:無発病、1:軽微な根こぶの着生、2:根の生育障害および(または)根こぶの着生、3:著しい根の生育障害
また、「アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材」又は「アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材(オートクレーブ処理済み)」と「抵抗性誘導物質」の組み合わせ施用の予測防除価(EV)を前述の式3を用いて算出し、これと実測される防除価(OV)と比べた。OVがEVより大きい場合には相乗作用があると判定した。
こうして求められた生重量を図3、発病度、防除価、相乗効果の有無の判定結果を表2に示す。
(Evaluation criteria for disease incidence index)
0: no disease, 1: slight root knot formation, 2: root growth disorder and/or root knot formation, 3: severe root growth disorder. In addition, the predicted control value (EV) of the combined application of the "alkaline composition + seaweed material" or the "alkaline composition + seaweed material (autoclaved)" and the "resistance inducer" was calculated using the above formula 3 and compared with the actual control value (OV). If the OV was greater than the EV, it was determined that there was a synergistic effect.
The fresh weight thus determined is shown in FIG. 3, and the disease severity, control value, and the results of the judgment of the presence or absence of synergistic effect are shown in Table 2.

Figure 0007535789000002
Figure 0007535789000002

図3の結果に示されるように、地上部の生重量の値は、無施用区に対して、「アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材」、「アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材(オートクレーブ済み)」、「アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材+抵抗性誘導物質」、「アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材(オートクレーブ済み)+抵抗性誘導物質」の施用区では有意に高くなった。一方、抵抗性誘導物質の単独施用区では、無施用区と有意差がなかった。また、根部の生重量の値は、無施用区に対して、「アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材(オートクレーブ済み)」、「アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材+抵抗性誘導物質」の施用区で優位に高くなった。一方、その他の区は、無施用区と有意差がなかった。 As shown in the results in Figure 3, the fresh weight of the aboveground parts was significantly higher in the areas where "alkaline composition + seaweed material", "alkaline composition + seaweed material (autoclaved)", "alkaline composition + seaweed material + resistance inducer", and "alkaline composition + seaweed material (autoclaved) + resistance inducer" were applied than in the unapplied area. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the area where only the resistance inducer was applied and the unapplied area. In addition, the fresh weight of the roots was significantly higher in the areas where "alkaline composition + seaweed material (autoclaved)" and "alkaline composition + seaweed material + resistance inducer" were applied than in the unapplied area. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the other areas and the unapplied area.

表2の結果に示されるように、防除価の高さは、「アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材+抵抗性誘導物質」、「アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材(オートクレーブ済み)」、「アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材」と「アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材(オートクレーブ済み)+抵抗性誘導物質」、「抵抗性誘導物質」の順となった。また、「アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材」と「抵抗性誘導物質」の組合せに相乗効果が検出された。 As shown in the results in Table 2, the order of highest control value was "alkaline composition + seaweed material + resistance inducer," "alkaline composition + seaweed material (autoclaved)," "alkaline composition + seaweed material," "alkaline composition + seaweed material (autoclaved) + resistance inducer," and "resistance inducer." Furthermore, a synergistic effect was detected in the combination of "alkaline composition + seaweed material" and "resistance inducer."

したがって、「アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材+抵抗性誘導物質」と「アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材(オートクレーブ済み)」の施用区では、根こぶ病の発病が抑制され、地上部と根部の生重量の値が高くなることが明らかとなった。さらに、土壌に、「アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材」と「抵抗性誘導物質」とを組合せて施せば、病害防除の作用効果が相乗的に得られることが明らかとなった。 Therefore, it was revealed that in the application areas of "alkaline composition + seaweed material + resistance inducer" and "alkaline composition + seaweed material (autoclaved)", the onset of clubroot was suppressed and the fresh weight of the above-ground parts and roots increased. Furthermore, it was revealed that if the "alkaline composition + seaweed material" and the "resistance inducer" were applied to the soil in combination, a synergistic disease control effect could be obtained.

<実験例5>
(1)アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材、(2)アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材+Qi阻害物質+抵抗性誘導物質の施用が土壌伝染病の発生程度に与える影響を評価した。
<Experimental Example 5>
The effects of application of (1) an alkaline composition + seaweed material, and (2) an alkaline composition + seaweed material + Qi inhibitor + resistance inducer on the incidence of soil-borne infectious diseases were evaluated.

(1)のアルカリ性組成物としては、(a)炭酸カルシウム(商品名「53炭酸カルシウム肥料」、三陸石灰株式会社製)、(b)酸化鉄(Fe2O3、富士フィルム和光株式会社製)の混合物を使用した。また、海藻資材としては、アスコフィルム ノドサム粉末(商品名「ハイケルプ(粉末)」、NCTフロンティア株式会社販売)を用いた。 As the alkaline composition (1), a mixture of (a) calcium carbonate (product name "53 Calcium Carbonate Fertilizer", manufactured by Sanriku Lime Co., Ltd.) and (b) iron oxide ( Fe2O3 , manufactured by Fuji Film Wako Co., Ltd.) was used. As the seaweed material, Ascophyllum nodosum powder (product name "High Kelp (powder)", sold by NCT Frontier Co., Ltd.) was used.

(2)のQi阻害物質としてはアミスルブロム水和剤(商品名「オラクル顆粒水和剤」、日産化学工業株式会社製)、抵抗性誘導物質としてはプロベナゾール水和剤(商品名:「オリゼメート顆粒水和剤」、Meiji Seikaファルマ株式会社製)をそれぞれ用いた。
これら(1)、(2)の組合せにおいて、キャベツ栽培の圃場実験を行った。
(2) As the Qi inhibitor, amisulbrom wettable powder (trade name: "Oracle Water Dispersible Granule", manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was used, and as the resistance inducer, probenazole wettable powder (trade name: "Oryzemate Water Dispersible Granule", manufactured by Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.) was used.
Field experiments were conducted on cabbage cultivation using these combinations (1) and (2).

令和2年6月1日に、育苗培土(商品名「くみあいセル専用N170」、三研ソイル株式会社製)を詰めた128穴セルトレーに、栽培植物としてキャベツ(品種「おきな」)を播種した。アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材の施用区では、育苗培土に炭酸カルシウムを10 g/L(約100 mM)、酸化鉄を1.7 g/L(約10 mM)、海藻資材を2 g/L混和した後、セルトレーに詰めた。アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材+Qi阻害物質+抵抗性誘導物質の施用区では、育苗培土にアルカリ性組成物と海藻資材を同様に混和した後、セルトレーに詰めた。播種22日後(同年6月23日)、アミスルブロムとプロベナゾールを施用する試験群には、128穴セルトレー1枚当たり500 mLの0.25%アミスルブロム及び0.24%プロベナゾールの各々を含む懸濁液を灌注した。播種23日後(同年6月24日)、土壌病原菌としてアブラナ科野菜根こぶ病菌の汚染圃場に定植した。 On June 1, 2020, cabbage (variety "Okina") was sown as a cultivated plant in a 128-hole cell tray filled with seedling soil (product name "Kumiai Cell Exclusive N170" manufactured by Sanken Soil Co., Ltd.). In the application area of the alkaline composition + seaweed material, 10 g/L (approximately 100 mM) of calcium carbonate, 1.7 g/L (approximately 10 mM) of iron oxide, and 2 g/L of seaweed material were mixed into the seedling soil and then packed into the cell tray. In the application area of the alkaline composition + seaweed material + Qi inhibitor + resistance inducer, the alkaline composition and seaweed material were similarly mixed into the seedling soil and then packed into the cell tray. 22 days after sowing (June 23rd of the same year), the test groups treated with amisulbrome and probenazole were irrigated with 500 mL of a suspension containing 0.25% amisulbrome and 0.24% probenazole per 128-hole cell tray. 23 days after sowing (June 24th of the same year), the plants were planted in a field contaminated with Plasmodiophora root-knot fungus, a soil pathogen.

定植56~57日後、キャベツ根こぶ病の発生程度に与える影響を評価する指標として、キャベツ根こぶ病の病徴の程度を示す発病指数を下記の評価基準で設け、各キャベツ株を発病程度に応じて区分した。なお、定植56日後には4種類の各処理区における2/3の株(80株)、定植57日後には各区における残りの40株を評価・区分した。区分後、発病度を前述の式1に基づいて算出し、更に発病度から同様に前述の式2に基づいて防除価を算出した。 56-57 days after planting, a disease index showing the severity of symptoms of cabbage clubroot was established using the following evaluation criteria as an index to evaluate the impact on the severity of cabbage clubroot disease, and each cabbage plant was classified according to the severity of disease. 56 days after planting, 2/3 of the plants (80 plants) in each of the four treatment plots were evaluated and classified, and 57 days after planting, the remaining 40 plants in each plot were evaluated and classified. After classification, the severity of disease was calculated based on the above-mentioned formula 1, and the control value was calculated from the severity of disease based on the above-mentioned formula 2.

(発病指数の評価基準)
0:無発病、1:根こぶが根系全体の1/3未満の根に着生、2:根こぶが根系全体の1/3以上2/3未満の根に着生、3:根こぶが根系全体の2/3以上の根に着生(側根形成あり)、4:根こぶが根系全体の根に着生(側根の形成なし)
こうして求められた発病度、防除価を表3に示す。
(Evaluation criteria for disease incidence index)
0: No disease, 1: Root clubs grow on less than 1/3 of the roots in the entire root system, 2: Root clubs grow on 1/3 to 2/3 of the roots in the entire root system, 3: Root clubs grow on 2/3 or more of the roots in the entire root system (with lateral roots), 4: Root clubs grow on the entire root system (without lateral roots).
The disease severity and control value thus determined are shown in Table 3.

Figure 0007535789000003
Figure 0007535789000003

表3の結果に示されるように、防除価の高さは、「アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材+Qi阻害物質+抵抗性誘導物質」、「アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材」の順となった。したがって、土壌に、「アルカリ性組成物+海藻資材」に加え、Qi阻害物質又は抵抗性誘導物質又はその両方を組合せて施せば、病害防除の作用効果が向上することが明らかとなった。 As shown in the results in Table 3, the order of highest control value was "alkaline composition + seaweed material + Qi inhibitor + resistance inducer", followed by "alkaline composition + seaweed material". Therefore, it was revealed that the disease control effect was improved by applying to the soil a combination of "alkaline composition + seaweed material" and either a Qi inhibitor or a resistance inducer, or both.

<実験例6>
(1)アルカリ性組成物、(2)Qi阻害物質、(3)海藻資材の組合せ施用が土壌伝染病の発生程度に与える影響を評価した。
<Experimental Example 6>
The effects of the combined application of (1) an alkaline composition, (2) a Qi inhibitor, and (3) seaweed materials on the incidence of soil-borne diseases were evaluated.

(1)のアルカリ性組成物としては、(a)炭酸マグネシウム(商品名「炭酸マグネシウムTT」、ナイカイ塩業株式会社製)、(b)微量要素(商品名「FTE1号」、東罐マテリアル・テクノロジー株式会社製)、(c)二酸化ケイ素(商品名「スーパーイネルギー」、片倉コープアグリ株式会社販売、富士シリシア化学株式会社製)の混合物を使用した。 As the alkaline composition (1), a mixture of (a) magnesium carbonate (product name "Magnesium Carbonate TT", manufactured by Naikai Salt Co., Ltd.), (b) trace elements (product name "FTE No. 1", manufactured by Tokan Material Technology Co., Ltd.), and (c) silicon dioxide (product name "Super Energy", sold by Katakura Coop Agri Co., Ltd. and manufactured by Fuji Silysia Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used.

(2)のQi阻害物質としては、アミスルブロム水和剤(商品名「オラクル顆粒水和剤」、日産化学工業株式会社製)を用いた。 (2) Amisulbrom wettable powder (product name "Oracle wettable powder granules", manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was used as the Qi inhibitor.

(3)の海藻資材としては、アスコフィルム ノドサム粉末(商品名「アスコ・シーグリーン」、アンデス貿易株式会社販売)を用いた。
これら(1)、(2)、(3)の物質を単独又は組合せて、キャベツ栽培の圃場実験を行った。
(3) As the seaweed material, Ascophyllum nodosum powder (product name "Asco Sea Green", sold by Andes Trading Co., Ltd.) was used.
Field experiments were conducted on cabbage using these substances (1), (2), and (3) either alone or in combination.

令和元年5月31日に、育苗培土(商品名「くみあいセル専用N220」、三研ソイル株式会社製)を詰めた128穴セルトレーに、栽培植物としてキャベツ(品種「おきな」)を播種した。アルカリ性組成物を含む施用区では、育苗培土に炭酸マグネシウムを19.4 g/L、二酸化ケイ素を40 g/L、微量要素を1.5 g/L混和し、海藻資材を含む施用区では、育苗培土に海藻資材を10 g/L混和して、施用区毎に調製した育苗培土をセルトレーに詰めた。播種31日後(同年7月1日)、アミスルブロムを施用する試験群には、128穴セルトレー1枚当たり500 mLの0.25%アミスルブロム懸濁液を灌注した。播種32日後(同年7月2日)、土壌病原菌としてアブラナ科野菜根こぶ病菌の汚染圃場に定植した。
定植63日後、キャベツ根こぶ病の発生程度に与える影響を評価する指標として、キャベツ根こぶ病の病徴の程度を示す発病指数を下記の評価基準で設け、各キャベツ株を発病程度に応じて区分した。区分後、発病度を前述の式1に基づいて算出し、更に発病度から前述の式2に基づいて防除価を算出した。
On May 31, 2019, cabbage (variety "Okina") was sown as a cultivated plant in a 128-hole cell tray filled with seedling soil (product name "Kumiai Cell Exclusive N220", manufactured by Sanken Soil Co., Ltd.). In the application area containing the alkaline composition, 19.4 g/L of magnesium carbonate, 40 g/L of silicon dioxide, and 1.5 g/L of trace elements were mixed into the seedling soil, and in the application area containing seaweed materials, 10 g/L of seaweed materials was mixed into the seedling soil, and the seedling soil prepared for each application area was packed into the cell tray. 31 days after sowing (July 1, 2019), the test group to which amisulbrom was applied was irrigated with 500 mL of 0.25% amisulbrom suspension per 128-hole cell tray. Thirty-two days after sowing (July 2nd of the same year), the plants were planted in a field contaminated with the soil pathogen Plasmodiophora root-knot rot fungus.
63 days after planting, a disease index showing the severity of symptoms of cabbage clubroot was established according to the following evaluation criteria as an index for evaluating the effect on the severity of cabbage clubroot disease, and each cabbage plant was classified according to the severity of disease. After classification, the severity of disease was calculated based on the above-mentioned formula 1, and the control value was calculated from the severity of disease based on the above-mentioned formula 2.

(発病指数の評価基準)
0:無発病、1:根こぶが根系全体の1%以上25%未満の根に着生、2:根こぶが根系全体の25%以上50%未満の根に着生、3:根こぶが根系全体の50%以上75%未満の根に着生、4:根こぶが根系全体の75%以上の根に着生
また、アルカリ性組成物+Qi阻害物質と海藻資材の組み合わせ施用の予測防除価(EV)を前述の式3を用いて算出し、これと実測される防除価(OV)と比べた。OVがEVより大きい場合には相乗作用があると判定した。
(Evaluation criteria for disease incidence index)
0: no disease, 1: root galls grow on 1% to less than 25% of the roots in the whole root system, 2: root galls grow on 25% to less than 50% of the roots in the whole root system, 3: root galls grow on 50% to less than 75% of the roots in the whole root system, 4: root galls grow on 75% or more of the roots in the whole root system. In addition, the predicted control value (EV) of the combined application of the alkaline composition + Qi inhibitor and seaweed material was calculated using the above formula 3, and compared with the actual control value (OV). If the OV is greater than the EV, it was determined that there was a synergistic effect.

(2種類の組み合わせ処理の場合の予測防除価)
こうして求められた発病度、防除価、相乗効果の有無の判定結果を表4に示す。
(Predicted control value when two types of combined treatment are performed)
The thus determined results of the disease severity, control value, and the presence or absence of synergistic effect are shown in Table 4.

Figure 0007535789000004
Figure 0007535789000004

表4に示されるように、定植63日後の判定結果から、「アルカリ性組成物+Qi阻害物質+海藻資材」、「アルカリ性組成物+Qi阻害物質」、「海藻資材」の順に高い防除価を示した。また、「アルカリ性組成物+Qi阻害物質」と「海藻資材」との組合せに相乗効果が検出された。 As shown in Table 4, the results of the evaluation 63 days after planting showed that the control values were highest in the order of "alkaline composition + Qi inhibitor + seaweed material," "alkaline composition + Qi inhibitor," and "seaweed material." In addition, a synergistic effect was detected in the combination of "alkaline composition + Qi inhibitor" and "seaweed material."

表4の結果に示されるように、「アルカリ性組成物+Qi阻害物質+海藻資材」、「アルカリ性組成物+Qi阻害物質」の組合せにより、高い防除価が得られた。また、「アルカリ性組成物+Qi阻害物質」と「海藻資材」との組合せにおいて、相乗効果が表れて防除効果が高まった。したがって、土壌に、(i)「アルカリ性組成物又はQi阻害物質、あるいは、アルカリ性組成物とQi阻害物質の両方」、(ii)「海藻資材」のうち、(i)と(ii)の組合せを施せば、病害防除の作用効果が相乗的に得られることが明らかとなった。 As shown in the results in Table 4, the combinations of "alkaline composition + Qi inhibitor + seaweed material" and "alkaline composition + Qi inhibitor" gave high control values. Furthermore, the combination of "alkaline composition + Qi inhibitor" and "seaweed material" produced a synergistic effect, enhancing the control effect. Therefore, it has become clear that by applying to soil a combination of (i) "alkaline composition or Qi inhibitor, or both alkaline composition and Qi inhibitor" and (ii) "seaweed material", a synergistic disease control effect can be obtained.

Claims (4)

下記に示す(1)アルカリ性組成物、(2)Qi阻害物質及び抵抗性誘導物質から選ばれた少なくとも1種、(3)海藻資材のうち、(1)アルカリ性組成物を含む2種以上の組合せを含有することを特徴とする、植物の土壌伝染病防除用組成物。
(1)アルカリ性組成物:(a)炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、苦土石灰及びケイ酸マグネシウムから選ばれた少なくとも1種、(b)マンガン及びホウ素、(c)二酸化ケイ素及び酸化鉄から選ばれた少なくとも1種のうち、(a)と(c)の組合せ、又は(a)と(b)と(c)の組合せを含有するものである。
(2)Qi阻害物質:呼吸に関わるユビキノン還元酵素のQiサイトに作用し、殺菌効果を示す物質である。
抵抗性誘導物質:病原菌に対する直接的な殺菌作用は示さないが、植物に作用して病害抵抗反応を誘起する物質である。
(3)海藻資材:海水中で生育する緑藻、紅藻、褐藻から選ばれた1種以上の海藻そのもの、前記海藻の乾燥物、前記海藻の乾燥物を粉砕した物、前記海藻の乾燥物を高圧蒸気滅菌した物、又は前記海藻の乾燥物の粉砕物を高圧蒸気滅菌した物である。
A composition for controlling soil-borne plant diseases, comprising a combination of two or more of the following: (1) an alkaline composition; (2) at least one selected from a Qi inhibitor and a resistance inducer; and (3) a seaweed material, including (1) an alkaline composition .
(1) Alkaline composition: (a) at least one selected from calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, dolomite, and magnesium silicate, (b) manganese and boron , and (c) at least one selected from silicon dioxide and iron oxide , and contains a combination of ( a) and (c), or a combination of (a), (b), and (c).
(2) Qi inhibitors: Substances that act on the Qi site of ubiquinone reductase, which is involved in respiration, and exhibit a bactericidal effect.
Resistance inducer: A substance that does not have a direct bactericidal effect on pathogens, but acts on plants to induce a disease resistance response.
(3) Seaweed material: one or more kinds of seaweed selected from green algae, red algae, and brown algae that grow in seawater, dried products of the seaweed, crushed products of the dried seaweed, products of the dried seaweed sterilized with high pressure steam, or crushed products of the dried seaweed sterilized with high pressure steam.
変形菌性又は細菌性又は真菌性の土壌伝染病に対する防除用組成物である、請求項に記載の植物の土壌伝染病防除用組成物。 The composition for controlling soil-borne diseases of plants according to claim 1 , which is a composition for controlling soil-borne diseases of myxomycetes, bacteria or fungi. アブラナ科野菜根こぶ病に対する防除用組成物である、請求項1に記載の植物の土壌伝染病防除用組成物。The composition for controlling soil-borne plant diseases according to claim 1, which is a composition for controlling clubroot of cruciferous vegetables. 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載された土壌伝染病防除用組成物を、植物の播種から定植までの育苗期間に、育苗培土又は種子又は植物自体に付与することを特徴とする植物の土壌伝染病防除方法。
A method for controlling soil-borne infectious diseases in plants, comprising applying the composition for controlling soil-borne infectious diseases according to any one of claims 1 to 3 to seedling soil, seeds, or the plants themselves during the seedling raising period from sowing to transplanting.
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