JP7538752B2 - building - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to buildings, and in particular to the structure of columns.

Reinforced concrete (RC) buildings are commonly used in apartment complexes and other buildings. In RC buildings, the side (outer) walls of the building are sometimes considered load-bearing walls.

JP 2019-173403 A

The design of the exterior is important in increasing the added value of a building. In conventional buildings, when load-bearing walls are installed, there are restrictions on the opening ratio (opening circumference ratio must be 0.4 or less, as per Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Notification No. 594, Article 1, 2007). For this reason, conventional reinforced concrete buildings are subject to significant restrictions on their design.

The aim of the present invention is to provide a building that is easy to plan and combines structural planning and aesthetic design.

The building of the present invention has a first floor and a second floor that is a floor directly above the first floor. The side of the building is divided into a plurality of sides in the circumferential direction of the building, and the plurality of sides includes a first side. The first floor and the second floor are each provided with a plurality of flat columns arranged along the first side. The central axis of each flat column provided on the first side of the second floor is offset from that of any of the plurality of flat columns provided on the first side of the first floor. The lower end of each flat column provided on the first side of the second floor partially overlaps with the upper end of at least one flat column provided on the first side of the first floor when viewed in the vertical direction.
In one embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the flattened pillar gradually decreases from the upper and lower ends toward the vertical center.
In another embodiment, the multiple sides include a second side, and the first floor and the second floor each have a multiple flat pillars arranged along the second side, each flat pillar on the second side of the second floor has a central axis that is offset from that of any of the multiple flat pillars on the second side of the first floor, the lower end of each flat pillar on the second side of the second floor partially overlaps, when viewed in the vertical direction, with the upper end of at least one flat pillar on the second side of the first floor, and the shape of the flat pillars on the second side is different from the shape of the flat pillars on the first side.
In another form, there is a third floor directly above the second floor, and a plurality of flat columns are arranged along a first side of the third floor, the central axis of each flat column on the first side of the third floor is offset from that of any of the plurality of flat columns on the first side of the second floor, the lower end of each flat column on the first side of the third floor partially overlaps, when viewed in the vertical direction, with the upper end of at least one flat column on the first side of the second floor, and the flat columns on the first sides of the first to third floors are arranged in a staggered pattern.
In another embodiment, a wall is provided between adjacent spaced apart flat posts, the flat posts projecting outwardly relative to the wall.
In another form, a plurality of intersecting beams and flat columns are provided inside the building, the flat columns inside the building are positioned to avoid the intersections between the beams, and the central axes of the first floor and the second floor are aligned.

The present invention makes it possible to provide a building that is easy to plan and combines structural planning with aesthetic appeal.

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention. A diagram showing the arrangement of flat columns on the side of a building. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of part A in FIG. 2 . FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of part B in FIG. 2 . FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a modified example of a flat cylinder. FIG. 1 shows the arrangement of flat columns inside a building. FIG. 1 shows the arrangement of flat columns inside a building. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the range in which the reinforcing material is attached. 11A to 11C are diagrams showing a method of attaching a reinforcing material.

Below, several embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The building of the present invention can be suitably applied to apartment buildings, particularly mid- to high-rise tower-shaped apartment buildings, and can also be used for a variety of purposes, such as public facilities, hotels, stores, hospitals, schools, libraries, and office buildings.

Figure 1 shows a plan view of a building 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The layout of the interior of the building 1, such as the layout of partition walls, corridors, and stairs, is omitted here because it is planned according to the actual use. The building 1 has a roughly square plan shape, and the sides of the building 1 are divided into four sides along the circumferential direction of the building 1. These four sides are called the first to fourth sides S1 to S4. The plan shape of the building 1 is not limited to a square, and may be a polygon (rectangle, hexagon, octagon, etc.). In this case, the part corresponding to each straight line becomes one side. The number of floors of the building 1 is not particularly limited, but in the following description, the three consecutive floors are called the first floor F1, the second floor F2, and the third floor F3. Here, the floor directly above the first floor F1 is called the second floor F2, and the floor directly above the second floor F2 is called the third floor F3.

Figure 2 is a side view showing the first to fourth sides S1 to S4. Figure 3(a) is an enlarged view of part A in Figure 2(a) showing the arrangement of the flat columns 2 on the first side S1, and Figure 4(a) is an enlarged view of part B in Figure 2(a) showing the arrangement of the flat columns 2 on the second side S2. Figure 3(b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in Figure 3(a), and Figures 4(b) and (c) are cross-sectional views taken along lines A-A and B-B in Figure 4(a), respectively. For convenience, Figures 3(b) and 4(c) show the flat columns of the second floor F2 and the third floor F3 shifted from one another.

A plurality of flat columns 2 are provided along each of the first to fourth side surfaces S1 to S4 (i.e., 5th street, Ath street, 1st street, E street). A plurality of flat columns 2 are also provided along B-D streets and 2-4 streets inside the building 1. In the following description, the flat columns 2 provided on the first to fourth side surfaces S1 to S4 are referred to as flat columns 21-24, respectively, and the flat column 2 provided inside the building 1 is referred to as flat column 25. When there is no need to distinguish between them, they are simply referred to as flat columns 2. The flat columns 2 have a rectangular cross section with long and short sides, and the side parallel to the side surface or street on which the flat columns 2 are provided is the long side. The ratio of the length of the long side to the length of the short side is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2.5 to 3.5, and more preferably about 3. The horizontal cross section of the flat column 2 cut at an arbitrary height position is rectangular. If necessary, exterior walls, windows, openings such as passages (not shown) are provided between adjacent flat columns 2 that are separated from each other in the horizontal direction.

Figure 2 shows the arrangement of the flat columns 2 on the first to fourth sides S1 to S4. Although not shown, the flat columns 2 are arranged in the same way on all or almost all floors including the first to third floors F1 to F3. On the first side S1 and the second side S2, the flat columns 21, 22 are arranged in a staggered manner. That is, the central axes C1 of the flat columns 21, 22 facing each other in the vertical direction Z on the first floor F1 and the third floor F3 (e.g., odd-numbered floors) are aligned. In contrast, the central axes C1 of each flat column 21 provided on the first side S1 of the second floor F2 (e.g., even-numbered floors) are offset from the central axes C1 of the multiple flat columns 21 provided on the first side S1 of the first floor F1 and the third floor F3. Similarly, the central axis C1 of each flat column 22 provided on the second side surface S2 of the second floor F2 is offset from that of the flat columns 22 provided on the second side surface S2 of the first floor F1 and the third floor F3. The central axes C1 of the flat columns 21, 22 on the second floor F2 are equidistant from the central axes C1 of the flat columns 21, 22 adjacent to each other on the first floor F1 and the third floor F3. In this way, the flat columns 21, 22 are arranged in a staggered pattern, which gives the building 1 a new design. In particular, by providing the flat columns 21, 22 so that they protrude outward from the load-bearing wall 3, which is the exterior wall, the flat columns 21, 22 appear to stand out like a relief, giving the building 1 a new look.

The cross-sectional area of the flat column 21 on the first side surface S1 is constant in the vertical direction Z. Therefore, the shape of the flat column 21 when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the first side surface S1 is rectangular. The flat column 22 on the second side surface S2 has a narrowed central portion 28 in the vertical direction, that is, the cross-sectional area gradually decreases from the upper end 26 and the lower end 27 of the flat column 22 toward the central portion 28 in the vertical direction. Note that the upper end 26 of the flat column 2 refers to the joint with the lower surface of the beam 4, and the lower end 27 of the flat column 2 refers to the joint with the upper surface of the beam 4. When viewed from a direction perpendicular to the second side surface S2, the flat column 22 has a shape in which the upper ends and lower ends of a hyperbola are connected by a horizontal straight line.

The lower end 27 of each flat column 21 provided on the first side surface S1 of the second floor F2 partially overlaps with the upper end 26 of at least one flat column 21 provided on the first side surface S1 of the first floor F1 in the vertical direction Z. Similarly, the lower end 27 of each flat column 22 provided on the second side surface S2 of the second floor F2 partially overlaps with the upper end 26 of at least one flat column 22 provided on the second side surface S2 of the first floor F1 in the vertical direction Z. Similarly, the lower end 27 of each flat column 21 provided on the first side surface S1 of the third floor F3 partially overlaps with the upper end 26 of at least one flat column 21 provided on the first side surface S1 of the second floor F2 in the vertical direction Z. Similarly, the lower end 27 of each flat column 22 provided on the second side surface S2 of the third floor F3 partially overlaps with the upper end 26 of at least one flat column 22 provided on the second side surface S2 of the second floor F2 when viewed in the vertical direction Z. This allows the load of the upper floor to be appropriately transmitted to the lower floor. The overlapping range of the flat columns 21, 22 of the upper and lower floors is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to set it so that at least the arrangement space of the reinforcing bar 6 and the necessary cover thickness are secured, and from a structural point of view, the wider the overlapping range, the more preferable. Considering the design, it is preferable that the lower end 27 of the flat columns 21, 22 of the upper floor and the upper end 26 of the flat columns 21, 22 of the lower floor overlap by about 10 to 50%. On the first side surface S1, the reinforcing bar 6 is arranged linearly along the side surface of the flat column 21 and is connected to the reinforcing bar 6 of the upper and lower floors by a joint (not shown). On the second side S2, the reinforcing bars 6 are arranged diagonally from the upper left end to the lower right end and from the upper right end to the lower left end of the flat column 22. Inside the beam 4, the reinforcing bars 6 extend diagonally and are connected to the reinforcing bars 6 arranged diagonally on the upper and lower floors by joints (not shown). The beam 4 is provided with reinforcing bars 7 extending horizontally as in the conventional case.

The central axes C1 of the flat columns 23, 24 provided on the third side S3 and the fourth side S4 coincide on the adjacent upper and lower floors. Therefore, the central axis C1 of each flat column 23 provided on the third side S3 of the second floor F2 coincides with that of any of the flat columns 23 provided on the third side S3 of the first floor F1 and the third floor F3, and the central axis C1 of each flat column 23 provided on the third side S3 of the first floor F1 and the third floor F3 coincides with that of any of the flat columns 23 provided on the third side S3 of the second floor F2. Similarly, the central axis C1 of each flat column 24 provided on the fourth side S4 of the second floor F2 coincides with that of one of the flat columns 24 provided on the fourth side S4 of the first floor F1 and the third floor F3, and the central axis C1 of each flat column 24 provided on the fourth side S4 of the first floor F1 and the third floor F3 coincides with that of one of the flat columns 24 provided on the fourth side S4 of the second floor F2.

In this way, by making the shape and arrangement of the flat columns 2 different for each side, the building 1 can be given an original appearance. In this embodiment, the shape of the flat columns 21 provided on the first side S1 and the shape of the flat columns 22 provided on the second side S2 are different from each other, but the staggered arrangement pattern is common. The flat columns 23 provided on the third side S3 have the same shape as the flat columns 21 provided on the first side S1, and the flat columns 24 provided on the fourth side S4 have the same shape as the flat columns 22 provided on the second side S2, but the arrangement pattern is a lattice pattern different from the first and second sides S1 and S2. For example, by arranging the first side S1 and the second side S2 facing a busy street, the side of the building 1 that is seen by many people can be made original. On the other hand, the side that is rarely seen by people can be made to have an orthodox appearance like the fourth side S4. From the viewpoint of building structure, it is preferable for the central axis of the columns to coincide on the upper and lower floors, so the design of each side S1 to S4 (the combination of the shape and arrangement of the flat column 2) can be selected according to the relationship between each side S1 to S4 and the surroundings of the building 1. Of course, it is possible for all sides S1 to S4 to have the same design, or it is also possible for two opposing sides (for example, the first side S1 and the third side S3) to have the same design. Furthermore, while the design and structural design of a building are usually done separately, in this embodiment it is preferable to do them together, making it possible to achieve a structural design that combines design with aesthetic appeal.

The shape of the flattened column 2 is not limited, and various shapes are possible as shown in FIG. 5. For example, as shown in FIG. 5(a), the flattened column 2 may be a shape in which trapezoids 11, each of which has the upper end 26 and the lower end 27 as its long sides, are connected by the short sides of the trapezoids 11. As shown in FIG. 5(b) to (d), the flattened column 2 may be a shape in which a rectangle 13 is sandwiched between a rectangle 12, each of which has the upper end 26 as one side, and a rectangle 12, each of which has the lower end 27 as one side (more precisely, a figure consisting of two opposing straight lines or curves and two parallel straight lines). In FIG. 5(b), the rectangle 12 is a trapezoid, each of which has the upper end 26 and the lower end 27 as its long sides, in FIG. 5(c), a figure consisting of two curves extending from the upper end 26 and the lower end 27 and two parallel straight lines, and in FIG. 5(d), another rectangle, the length of which in the long side direction is longer than that of the rectangle 13. It is preferable that the flat column 2 be mirror-symmetric with respect to the central axis C1 and the horizontal line C2 passing through the center in the vertical direction Z.

Referring again to FIG. 1, inside the building 1, a plurality of beams 4 are arranged in a lattice pattern and intersect (orthogonal to) each other. The area surrounded by the beams 4 is the floor slab 5. Flat columns 25 are provided between the beams 4 on the upper and lower floors. The flat columns 25 inside the building 1 have the same central axis from the bottom floor to the top floor. This is because the interior of the building 1 is not visible from the outside, and structural design is emphasized over design. However, as with the first and second sides S1 and S2, the flat columns 25 can also be installed offset between the upper and lower floors. The flat columns 25 are arranged to avoid the intersections between the beams 4 in order to facilitate the construction of the reinforcing material 8 described below. This increases the freedom of installation of the flat columns 25, and therefore the freedom of the dwelling unit layout. They may be installed at the intersections between the beams 4 as in the past, and in that case, they may be columns with a square or nearly square cross section. It is preferable that the planar arrangement of the flat columns 25 inside the building 1 be well-balanced so as not to increase the eccentricity of the building 1, but there are no major restrictions on the arrangement of the flat columns 25 on the same street (structural face).

Figure 6 shows the arrangement of flat columns 25 inside the building 1. Considering the balance of strength and rigidity of the entire building 1 (prevention of eccentricity), many flat columns 25 are arranged near the sides (D streets, 2 streets) where there are not many flat columns 21-24 and in the central area of the building 1 (C streets, 3 streets). In contrast, there are few flat columns 25 arranged near the sides (B streets, 4 streets) where there are many flat columns 21-24. As shown in Figures 6(b) and (c), multiple flat columns 25 are arranged adjacent to each other in the area where many flat columns 25 are arranged, but multiple flat columns 25 may be integrated into one column with a higher degree of flatness. In addition, as shown in Figure 7, flat columns 25 with a narrow central portion 28 in the vertical direction can be provided. When using such flat columns 25, even if the flat columns 25 are arranged adjacently, there is no significant hindrance to the construction of the flat columns 25 or the wrapping of the reinforcing material 8.

In order to ensure the structural strength of the building 1, at least one flat column 2 is wrapped with a reinforcing material 8. FIG. 8(a) shows a plan view showing the portion where the reinforcing material 8 is attached, and FIG. 8(b) shows a side view showing the portion where the reinforcing material 8 is attached. The thick line portion in FIG. 8(a) and the hatched portion in FIG. 8(b) are the portions where the reinforcing material 8 is attached. The reinforcing material 8 is a tape made of a highly ductile polyester material. As shown in FIG. 9(a), this tape is wound in a spiral shape around the flat column 2 and fixed with urethane adhesive (this construction method is also called the SRF construction method). In FIG. 9(a), the reinforcing material 8 is partially wrapped around the flat column 2 for convenience, but it is preferable to wrap the reinforcing material 8 from the upper end 26 to the lower end 27 of the flat column 2. The reinforcing method is not limited to this, and for example, a tape or sheet of carbon fiber, aramid fiber, etc. may be attached. The beam 4 can also be reinforced in a similar manner. As shown in FIG. 9(b), the reinforcing material 8 is attached horizontally to the side of the beam 4, partially overlapping the upper and lower parts. In this embodiment, the necessary strength of the building 1 is ensured by adjusting the number and arrangement of the flat columns 25 inside the building 1, and the insufficient strength is compensated for by the reinforcing material 8. Therefore, the reinforcement of the flat columns 2 and beams 4 can be performed mainly on the weak parts, and it is not necessary to attach the reinforcing material 8 to all the flat columns 2 and beams 4. The main targets for attaching the reinforcing material 8 are flat columns 2 with few other flat columns 2 around them and beams 4 with long spans. The reinforcing material 8 can be attached after the flat columns 2 and beams 4 are constructed, so the impact on the process is minimal. In addition, since the strength of each flat column 2 is increased by attaching the reinforcing material 8, it is possible to widen the interval between the flat columns 2 and reduce the cross section of the flat columns 2, and the degree of freedom of arrangement inside the building 1 can also be increased.

1 Building 2, 21-25 Flat column 3 Bearing wall 4 Beam 5 Floor slab 8 Reinforcement material F1-F3 1st to 3rd floors S1-S4 1st to 4th sides

Claims (9)

A building having a first floor and a second floor immediately above the first floor,
The side surface of the building is divided into a plurality of side surfaces in a circumferential direction of the building,
the plurality of sides includes a first side,
A plurality of flat columns are provided on each of the first floor and the second floor and are arranged along the first side surface,
The central axis of each flat column provided on the first side surface of the second floor is offset from that of any of the flat columns provided on the first side surface of the first floor,
The lower end of each flat column provided on the first side surface of the second floor partially overlaps with the upper end of at least one of the flat columns provided on the first side surface of the first floor when viewed in the vertical direction ,
A building in which the cross-sectional area of the flat column gradually decreases from the upper end and the lower end toward the center in the vertical direction . A building having a first floor and a second floor immediately above the first floor,
The side surface of the building is divided into a plurality of side surfaces in a circumferential direction of the building,
the plurality of sides includes a first side,
A plurality of flat columns are provided on each of the first floor and the second floor and are arranged along the first side surface,
The central axis of each flat column provided on the first side surface of the second floor is offset from that of any of the flat columns provided on the first side surface of the first floor,
The lower end of each flat column provided on the first side surface of the second floor partially overlaps with the upper end of at least one of the flat columns provided on the first side surface of the first floor when viewed in the vertical direction,
the plurality of sides includes a second side,
A plurality of flat columns are provided on each of the first floor and the second floor and are arranged along the second side surface,
The central axis of each flat column provided on the second side surface of the second floor is offset from that of any of the flat columns provided on the second side surface of the first floor,
The lower end of each flat column provided on the second side surface of the second floor partially overlaps with the upper end of at least one of the flat columns provided on the second side surface of the first floor when viewed in the vertical direction,
A building in which the shape of the flat pillars provided on the second side is different from the shape of the flat pillars provided on the first side. A building having a first floor and a second floor immediately above the first floor,
The side surface of the building is divided into a plurality of side surfaces in a circumferential direction of the building,
the plurality of sides includes a first side,
A plurality of flat columns are provided on each of the first floor and the second floor and are arranged along the first side surface,
The central axis of each flat column provided on the first side surface of the second floor is offset from that of any of the flat columns provided on the first side surface of the first floor,
The lower end of each flat column provided on the first side surface of the second floor partially overlaps with the upper end of at least one of the flat columns provided on the first side surface of the first floor when viewed in the vertical direction,
A third floor is a floor immediately above the second floor,
A plurality of flat columns are provided along the first side surface of the third floor,
The central axis of each flat column provided on the first side surface of the third floor is offset from that of any of the flat columns provided on the first side surface of the second floor,
The lower end of each flat column provided on the first side surface of the third floor partially overlaps with the upper end of at least one of the flat columns provided on the first side surface of the second floor when viewed in the vertical direction,
A building in which the flat columns provided on the first side surface of the first to third floors are arranged in a staggered pattern. A building having a first floor and a second floor immediately above the first floor,
The side surface of the building is divided into a plurality of side surfaces in a circumferential direction of the building,
the plurality of sides includes a first side,
A plurality of flat columns are provided on each of the first floor and the second floor and are arranged along the first side surface,
The central axis of each flat column provided on the first side surface of the second floor is offset from that of any of the flat columns provided on the first side surface of the first floor,
The lower end of each flat column provided on the first side surface of the second floor partially overlaps with the upper end of at least one of the flat columns provided on the first side surface of the first floor when viewed in the vertical direction,
A building in which walls are provided between adjacent flat columns spaced apart from each other, and the flat columns protrude outward from the walls. A building having a first floor and a second floor immediately above the first floor,
The side surface of the building is divided into a plurality of side surfaces in a circumferential direction of the building,
the plurality of sides includes a first side,
A plurality of flat columns are provided on each of the first floor and the second floor and are arranged along the first side surface,
The central axis of each flat column provided on the first side surface of the second floor is offset from that of any of the flat columns provided on the first side surface of the first floor,
The lower end of each flat column provided on the first side surface of the second floor partially overlaps with the upper end of at least one of the flat columns provided on the first side surface of the first floor when viewed in the vertical direction,
The building has a plurality of beams and flat columns that intersect with each other inside, the flat columns inside the building are positioned to avoid the intersections of the beams, and the central axes of the first floor and the second floor coincide. The building according to claim 5 , wherein a plurality of reinforcing members are attached to the side surfaces of the beams in a partially overlapping manner. the plurality of sides includes a third side,
A plurality of flat columns are provided on each of the first floor and the second floor and are arranged along the third side surface,
A building as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein each flat column provided on the third side surface of the second floor has a central axis that coincides with one of the multiple flat columns provided on the third side surface of the first floor. 8. The building according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the flat columns is wrapped with a reinforcement material. The building according to claim 2 , wherein the cross-sectional area of the flat pillar is constant in the vertical direction.

Images