JP7542489B2 - ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT METHOD - Google Patents

Description

The technology disclosed in this specification relates to energy management.

In recent years, distributed energy resources are becoming more widespread with the aim of reducing energy operating costs or reducing _CO2 emissions. Distributed energy resources installed at a site are often operated based on an optimal operation plan aimed at reducing operating costs or reducing _CO2 emissions within a range that meets heat demand and power demand. On the other hand, when a distributed energy resource installed at a site has a power generation surplus, it is considered that the power generated by the distributed energy resource can be transferred to other sites where the power supply is insufficient, which can contribute to reducing operating costs or reducing _CO2 emissions for each site and the site as a whole. For this reason, there is a need for power interchange between businesses or consumers.

For example, the energy management system disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes multiple sites including energy storage resources, and a central management unit for managing the multiple sites. In this energy management system, the central management unit notifies each site of value information on power exchange between the multiple sites, and each site calculates a power exchange amount, which is the amount of power that each site can exchange, based on the power exchange value information, and notifies the central management unit of the power exchange amount. Then, the central management unit updates the power exchange value information based on the power exchange amount so that the power demand and power supply across the multiple sites are matched.

This energy management system can determine the appropriate amount of power interchange and value information for the entire site of multiple sites that are composed of distributed energy resources including energy storage resources.

JP 2020-190924 A

In the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1, the amount of power interchange is calculated by calculating the minimization problem of an objective function expressed as a combination of at least one additive term of the energy operating cost of each site and a penalty term.

However, with this method, when electricity is exchanged between sites across the areas under the jurisdiction of a general electricity transmission and distribution company, not only can the area price difference cause an overall site profit or loss, but it may not be possible to minimize the total energy cost, including the overall site profit or loss due to the area price difference.

This will be explained using the example of power exchange between two sites. Suppose there are sites A and B that do not belong to the same area. Suppose also that the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1 has determined that 5 kWh of power will be exchanged from site A to site B at a unit price of 8 yen/kWh.

When transferring electricity between sites across different areas, it is necessary to complete the sale or procurement of the amount of electricity that is desired to be transferred through JEPX (Japan Electric Power Exchange).

If market fragmentation occurs in JEPX (i.e., a difference in market prices occurs between areas due to congestion of interconnection lines between areas), and the area price for site A is 5 yen/kWh and the area price for site B is 10 yen/kWh, creating an area price difference, and if this is settled at the unit price of electricity interchange of 8 yen/kWh, the expenditure to site A will be 8 yen/kWh x 5kWh = 40 yen, the income from site B will be 8 yen/kWh x 5kWh = 40 yen, the income from JEPX for the sale of electricity interchanged by site A will be 5 yen/kWh x 5kWh = 25 yen, and the expenditure to JEPX for the procurement of electricity interchanged by site B will be 10 yen/kWh x 5kWh = 50 yen, and the sites as a whole will incur a loss of (10 yen/kWh - 5 yen/kWh) x 5kWh = 25 yen, which is the product of the area price difference and the amount of electricity interchanged.

In the above specific example, if market fragmentation does not occur, the price in the area to which site A belongs is 5 yen/kWh, and the price in the area to which site B belongs is 5 yen/kWh, so there is no area price difference, and this is settled at the unit price of electricity interchange of 8 yen/kWh, the expenditure to site A will be 8 yen/kWh x 5 kWh = 40 yen, the income from site B will be 8 yen/kWh x 5 kWh = 40 yen, the income from JEPX relating to the sale of the interchanged electricity volume of site A will be 5 yen/kWh x 5 kWh = 25 yen, and the expenditure to JEPX relating to the procurement of the interchanged electricity volume of site B will be 5 yen/kWh x 5 kWh = 25 yen, and the sites as a whole will not incur any profit or loss due to the area price difference.

As in the above example, the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1 does not calculate the amount of electricity interchange taking into account the profit and loss of the entire site due to area price differences. Therefore, in situations where area price differences occur, not only will the profit and loss of the entire site due to area price differences occur in most cases, but it may not be possible to minimize the total energy cost, including the profit and loss of the entire site due to area price differences, in most cases.

The technology disclosed in this specification has been developed in consideration of the problems described above, and is a technology for determining the amount of power to be exchanged and value information for power exchange across areas without solving the optimization problem for the entire site and without disclosing detailed facility information.

The energy management system, which is a first aspect of the technology disclosed in the present specification, includes a plurality of sites including energy storage resources and a centralized management unit for managing the plurality of sites, and the centralized management unit notifies each of the sites of value information of power exchange between the plurality of sites, and further includes a power exchange value information rewriting unit for rewriting the value information of the power exchange by adding the area price prediction value of each of the sites to the value information of the power exchange notified from the centralized management unit, and each of the sites calculates a power exchange amount, which is the amount of power that each of the sites can exchange, based on the value information of the power exchange rewritten by the power exchange value information rewriting unit, and notifies the centralized management unit of the power exchange amount, and the centralized management unit updates the value information of the power exchange based on the amount of power exchange so that the demand for power and the supply of power match across the plurality of sites, and notifies the centralized management unit of the updated value information of the power exchange.

According to at least the first aspect of the technology disclosed in the present specification, it is possible to determine an appropriate amount of power interchange and value information of power interchange for the entire site of multiple sites consisting of distributed energy resources including energy storage resources, without solving the optimization problem for the entire site and without disclosing detailed equipment information. Furthermore, in power interchange between sites within an area under the jurisdiction of a general electricity transmission and distribution company, or between sites across areas, it is possible to determine an appropriate amount of power interchange and value information of power interchange regardless of whether area price differences occur due to market fragmentation.

Furthermore, the objects, features, aspects and advantages associated with the technology disclosed in the present specification will become more apparent from the detailed description and accompanying drawings set forth below.

1 is a diagram illustrating an example of an overall configuration of a distributed energy management system according to an embodiment. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a modified example of the overall configuration of the distributed energy management system according to the embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a modified example of the overall configuration of the distributed energy management system according to the embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of energy flow within a site in a distributed energy management system according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a master EMS according to an embodiment. 11 is a diagram showing an example of data items handled by a parameter setting unit of a master EMS according to an embodiment; 11 is a diagram showing an example of data items handled by an input receiving unit of a master EMS according to an embodiment; 11 is a diagram showing an example of data items handled by an output unit of a master EMS according to an embodiment. FIG. FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a hardware configuration of a master EMS according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of an EMS according to an embodiment. 5 is a diagram showing an example of data items handled by a parameter setting unit of the EMS according to the embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of data items handled by an input receiving unit of an EMS according to an embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of data items handled by an output unit of an EMS according to an embodiment. FIG. FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a hardware configuration of an EMS according to an embodiment. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process flow of a control EMS and an EMS according to an embodiment. 13 is a diagram showing an example of an update result of a unit price of power interchange notified from a control EMS. FIG. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of an update result of the power interchange amount. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a compensation method when the main residual is insufficiently supplied at an arbitrary time cross section in the Nth trial. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a compensation method when the main residual is insufficiently supplied at an arbitrary time cross section in the Nth trial. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a compensation method when the main residual is in excess of supply at an arbitrary time cross section in the Nth trial. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a compensation method when the main residual is in excess of supply at an arbitrary time cross section in the Nth trial. 11 is a diagram showing an example of data items handled by a parameter setting unit of a master EMS according to an embodiment; 11 is a diagram showing an example of data items handled by an output unit of a master EMS according to an embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of data items handled by an input receiving unit of an EMS according to an embodiment. FIG.

The following describes the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. In the following embodiments, detailed features are shown to explain the technology, but these are merely examples and are not necessarily all essential features for the embodiments to be feasible.

The drawings are schematic, and for ease of explanation, configurations may be omitted or simplified as appropriate. Furthermore, the size and positional relationships of the configurations shown in different drawings are not necessarily described accurately, and may be changed as appropriate. Furthermore, hatching may be used in drawings that are not cross-sectional views, such as plan views, to make it easier to understand the contents of the embodiments.

In addition, in the following description, similar components are illustrated with the same reference symbols, and their names and functions are also similar. Therefore, detailed descriptions of them may be omitted to avoid duplication.

In addition, in the description of this specification, when a certain component is described as "comprising," "including," or "having," unless otherwise specified, this is not an exclusive expression that excludes the presence of other components.

In addition, even if ordinal numbers such as "first" or "second" are used in the description of this specification, these terms are used for convenience to facilitate understanding of the contents of the embodiments, and the contents of the embodiments are not limited to the order that may result from these ordinal numbers.

First Embodiment
The energy management system and the energy management method according to the present embodiment will be described below.

In this embodiment, we will explain the distributed energy management system 101 in the case where a penalty parameter is introduced that encourages the total amount of power interchange on the supply side to match the total amount of power interchange on the demand side.

<Configuration of a distributed energy management system>
1 is a diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of a distributed energy management system 101 as an energy management system according to this embodiment. The distributed energy management system 101 includes a site 106a, a site 106b, and a site 106c, EMSs 103a, 103b, and 103c that manage the respective sites, and a master EMS 102 that cooperates with the EMSs 103a, 103b, and 103c via communication 105.

The control EMS 102 has a transaction calculation unit 107. In addition, EMS 103a, EMS 103b, and EMS 103c have an energy management unit 108a, an energy management unit 108b, and an energy management unit 108c, respectively.

Figure 2 shows a modified example of the overall configuration of the distributed energy management system 101a according to this embodiment.

As in the distributed energy management system 101a shown in FIG. 2, the transaction calculation unit 107 may be provided in one of the EMSs (103a in FIG. 2).

The method of allocating the transaction calculation unit 107 to one of the EMS may be a method in which it is fixedly allocated to one of the EMS, or a method in which the EMS to be allocated is changed for each transaction.

Specific methods for changing the EMS assigned for each transaction include a rotation method based on the business number, a rotation method that assigns EMS from the one that has been assigned the least number of times, a random method that generates an arbitrary random number and assigns EMS based on that random number, and a performance evaluation method that assigns EMS with the highest evaluation of past transaction calculation performance.

Figure 3 shows a modified example of the overall configuration of the distributed energy management system 101b according to this embodiment.

As in the distributed energy management system 101b shown in FIG. 3, a trade calculation unit 107a, a trade calculation unit 107b, and a trade calculation unit 107c may be provided corresponding to EMS 103a, EMS 103b, and EMS 103c, respectively.

The transaction calculation units in EMS 103a, EMS 103b, and EMS 103c each publish the value information of the power exchange to the corresponding energy management unit 108a, energy management unit 108b, and energy management unit 108c, update the value information of the power exchange, and finally calculate the amount of power exchange and the value information of the power exchange.

Then, the calculation results of the transaction calculation unit in each of EMS103a, EMS103b, and EMS103c are evaluated by an evaluation function that uses the main residual or the amount of electricity interchange as an argument, and the calculation result with the highest evaluation value is adopted.

The distributed energy management system for this embodiment may be any of the distributed energy management systems disclosed in Figures 1, 2, and 3, but in the following description, the configuration disclosed in Figure 1 will be used.

Electricity interchange 104 is possible between each site. Examples of methods of electricity interchange include electricity interchange between business establishments that use self-consignment, electricity interchange between consumers within an area where a specified-scale electricity supplier supplies electricity on its own lines, or electricity interchange between specified-scale electricity suppliers that own areas where they supply electricity on their own lines.

When the method of power interchange is power interchange between business establishments using self-transfer, sites 106a, 106b, and 106c can be considered as a business establishment group consisting of multiple business establishments located close to each other. Note that sites 106a, 106b, and 106c do not have to belong to the same area under the jurisdiction of a general electricity transmission and distribution business operator.

If the method of power interchange is to be power interchange between consumers within the area supplied by the specified-scale electricity utility's private lines, sites 106a, 106b, and 106c can be considered as a consumer group consisting of multiple consumers in close proximity. Note that sites 106a, 106b, and 106c must all belong to the area supplied by the specified-scale electricity utility's private lines.

When the method of power interchange is power interchange between specific-scale electricity suppliers that own independent line supply areas, sites 106a, 106b, and 106c can be regarded as specific-scale electricity suppliers. Note that sites 106a, 106b, and 106c do not need to belong to the same area under the jurisdiction of a general electricity transmission and distribution company.

In this embodiment, either method can be used, but in the following explanation, we will use power interchange between business establishments using self-transportation.

Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of energy flow within a site in a distributed energy management system according to this embodiment. In Figure 4, the flow of electricity 201, the flow of gas 202, and the flow of heat 203 are shown.

Site 106 corresponds to any of sites 106a, 106b, and 106c in FIG. 1.

Site 106 has distributed energy resources, heat demand 241, and power demand 242.

The distributed energy resource includes an electric water heater 224, a water electrolysis device 223, a storage battery 231, a gas turbine 221, a gas boiler 222, a hydrogen storage facility 232, a fuel cell 225, and a heat storage tank 233.

Of these components in the distributed energy resource, the energy storage resources are the storage battery 231, the hydrogen storage facility 232, and the heat storage tank 233.

The means by which the site 106 purchases energy from outside include purchasing electricity from a retail electricity supplier 211, purchasing electricity from JEPX 213, purchasing gas from a gas retail supplier 214, or receiving electricity from other sites using self-consignment 212.

In addition, the means for selling energy to the outside of the site 106 include selling electricity to JEPX 215 or transmitting electricity to other sites using self-consignment 216.

If the site 106 has solar power generation equipment or wind power generation equipment, the power generation output may be included in the power demand 242.

Figure 5 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a control EMS according to this embodiment. The control EMS 102 includes an input receiving unit 301 that acquires information from each EMS, a parameter setting unit 302 that sets parameters related to calculations, a calculation unit 303 that calculates the unit price of power exchange, which is mainly part of the value information of the power exchange, an information storage unit 306 that stores various information, an output unit 304 that publishes information to each EMS, and a display unit 305 that displays various information to the system owner.

The parameter setting unit 302 accepts input of the parameter 342 and further registers the parameter 342 in the information storage unit 306.

The input reception unit 301 receives information regarding the amount of power interchange 341 from each EMS, and further registers the information regarding the amount of power interchange 341 from each EMS in the information storage unit 306.

The calculation unit 303 obtains the information necessary for the calculation from the information storage unit 306, and further registers the calculation result in the information storage unit 306.

The output unit 304 acquires information such as the power exchange value information 343 to be disclosed to each EMS from the information storage unit 306, and further discloses the information such as the power exchange value information 343 to each EMS.

The display unit 305 displays to the system owner the information requested by the system owner.

Figure 6 shows an example of data items handled by the parameter setting unit 302 of the master EMS in this embodiment.

The data items (parameters 342) handled by the parameter setting unit 302 include a convergence determination index (in FIG. 6, the value is 0.0001) used to determine the end of the value information update, and an upper limit on the number of trials (in FIG. 6, the value is 100). In addition, for example, the initial solicitation unit price set for each time slice when a day is divided into 48 equal intervals, used for updating the solicitation unit price (in FIG. 6, the value is 10.0 at 0:00-6:00, 9.0 at 6:00-12:00, 10.0 at 12:00-18:00, and 11.0 at 18:00-24:00), and an initial penalty parameter (in FIG. 6, the value is 2.0 at 0:00-6:00, 1.5 at 6:00-12:00, 2.0 at 12:00-18:00, and 2.5 at 18:00-24:00) are included. In the following explanation, for simplicity's sake, we will consider a day divided into four equal intervals.

The parameter setting unit 302 sets the data to be handled by the parameter setting unit 302, for example, by receiving input from the system owner.

Figure 7 shows an example of data items handled by the input reception unit 301 of the integrated EMS in this embodiment.

The data item (power interchange amount 341) handled by the input reception unit 301 includes the power interchange amount for each EMS at each time slice (the demand side is a positive value, and the supply side is a negative value).

In Figure 7, when the agent ID is #0001 (site A), the power interchange amount is shown to be 100 from 0:00 to 6:00, 150 from 6:00 to 12:00, 100 from 12:00 to 18:00, and 50 from 18:00 to 24:00.

In addition, in Figure 7, when the agent ID is #0002 (site B), the power interchange amount is -50 from 0:00 to 6:00, -100 from 6:00 to 12:00, -100 from 12:00 to 18:00, and -150 from 18:00 to 24:00.

In addition, in Figure 7, when the agent ID is #0003 (site C), the power interchange amount is shown to be -100 from 0:00 to 6:00, -200 from 6:00 to 12:00, -100 from 12:00 to 18:00, and -150 from 18:00 to 24:00.

Figure 8 shows an example of data items handled by the output unit 304 of the integrated EMS in this embodiment.

The data items handled by the output unit 304 (power interchange value information 343) include the unit price of power interchange for each time slice, the average amount of power interchange, and a penalty parameter.

In Figure 8, the unit price of power interchange is shown to be 20.0 from 0:00-6:00, 30.0 from 6:00-12:00, 25.0 from 12:00-18:00, and 15.0 from 18:00-24:00.

Figure 8 also shows that the average value of the power interchange amount is -5.0 from 0:00 to 6:00, 2.0 from 6:00 to 12:00, 2.5 from 12:00 to 18:00, and 12.0 from 18:00 to 24:00.

Figure 8 also shows that the penalty parameter has a value of 3.0 from 0:00-6:00, a value of 2.0 from 6:00-12:00, a value of 5.0 from 12:00-18:00, and a value of 2.5 from 18:00-24:00.

Figure 9 shows an example of the hardware configuration of the master EMS for this embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 9, the master EMS 102 includes an input device 315, an output device 316, a central processing unit (CPU) 313, a main memory device 312, a secondary memory device 311, and a communication device 314 for connecting to a network 317, such as an intranet.

The input receiving unit 301 and the output unit 304 in FIG. 5 are realized by the communication device 314. Also, the parameter setting unit 302 in FIG. 5 is realized by the input device 315.

The calculation unit 303 in FIG. 5 is realized by the CPU 313 storing data required for calculation in the secondary storage device 311, or by reading data required for calculation from the secondary storage device 311 while executing a software program stored in the main storage device 312.

The display unit 305 in FIG. 5 is realized by the output device 316. The information storage unit 306 in FIG. 5 is realized by the main storage device 312 or the secondary storage device 311.

Figure 10 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of an EMS according to this embodiment. The EMS 103 includes an input reception unit 321 that acquires information from the control EMS 102, a parameter setting unit 322 that sets parameters and prediction data related to calculations, a power exchange value information rewriting unit 327 that rewrites the value information of the power exchange notified from the control EMS 102, a calculation unit 323 that calculates the amount of power exchange based on the value information of the power exchange rewritten by the power exchange value information rewriting unit 327, an information storage unit 326 that stores various information, an output unit 324 that discloses information to the control EMS 102, and a display unit 325 that displays various information to the system owner.

The parameter setting unit 322 accepts input of the parameter 345 and further registers the parameter 342 in the information storage unit 326.

The input reception unit 321 receives value information 344 of power interchange from the control EMS 102, and further registers the information from the control EMS 102 in the information storage unit 326.

The calculation unit 323 obtains the information necessary for the calculation from the information storage unit 326, and further registers the calculation result in the information storage unit 326.

The output unit 324 obtains information such as the power interchange amount 347 to be presented to the control EMS 102 from the information storage unit 326, and further presents information such as the power interchange amount 347 to the control EMS 102.

The display unit 325 displays to the system owner the information requested by the system owner.

The power interchange value information rewriting unit 327 acquires and rewrites the power interchange value information registered in the information storage unit 326, and further registers the rewritten power interchange value information in the information storage unit 326.

Figure 11 shows an example of data items handled by the parameter setting unit 322 of the EMS in this embodiment.

The data items (parameters 345) handled by the parameter setting unit 322 include equipment information, the energy purchase price (commission price), and the energy purchase price (commission price) for each time slice.

The equipment information for equipment A includes, for example, an energy conversion coefficient (quadratic coefficient term; in FIG. 11, the value is 5) when the input/output relationship of the energy conversion is approximated by a quadratic polynomial, an energy conversion coefficient (linear coefficient term; in FIG. 11, the value is 4), an energy conversion coefficient (constant term; in FIG. 11, the value is 10), an upper output limit value (in FIG. 11, the value is 1000), and an output lower limit value (in FIG. 11, the value is 0).

The equipment information of equipment B, which is an energy storage resource, includes, for example, system efficiency (value 90 in FIG. 11), output upper limit value (value 500 in FIG. 11), output lower limit value (value -500 in FIG. 11), capacity upper limit value (value 1000 in FIG. 11), capacity lower limit value (value 0 in FIG. 11), initial capacity (value 500 in FIG. 11), and final capacity (value 500 in FIG. 11).

The energy purchase price (commission price) includes, for example, the gas price (value 30 in FIG. 11), the wheeling charge price (value 11.2 in FIG. 11), and the renewable energy surcharge price (value 2.7 in FIG. 11).

The energy purchase price (commission price) for each time slice includes, for example, the electricity rate price for the retail contract (in FIG. 11, the value is 12.0 from 0:00-6:00, 23.0 from 6:00-12:00, 23.0 from 12:00-18:00, and 12.0 from 18:00-24:00).

In addition, the data items (prediction data 346) handled by the parameter setting unit 322 include prediction data for each time slice.

The forecast data for each time slice may be, for example, the electricity demand forecast value (in FIG. 11, the value is 1000 from 0:00-6:00, 1100 from 6:00-12:00, 1000 from 12:00-18:00, and 900 from 18:00-24:00) and the heat demand forecast value (in FIG. 11, the value is 200 from 0:00-6:00, 200 from 6:00-12:00, and 900 from 12:00-18:00). This includes area price prediction values (in FIG. 11, the values are 8.0 from 0:00-6:00, 9.0 from 6:00-12:00, 8.0 from 12:00-18:00, and 10.0 from 18:00-24:00) and area price prediction values (in FIG. 11, the values are 8.0 from 0:00-6:00, 9.0 from 6:00-12:00, 8.0 from 12:00-18:00, and 10.0 from 18:00-24:00).

Predictive data can be created, for example, by making predictions outside the distributed energy management system.

The parameter setting unit 322 sets the data to be handled by the parameter setting unit 322, for example, by receiving input from the system owner.

Figure 12 shows an example of data items handled by the input reception unit 321 of the EMS in this embodiment.

The data items handled by the input reception unit 321 (power interchange value information 344) include the unit price of power interchange for each time slice, the average amount of power interchange, and a penalty parameter.

In Figure 12, the unit price of power interchange is shown to be 20.0 from 0:00-6:00, 30.0 from 6:00-12:00, 25.0 from 12:00-18:00, and 15.0 from 18:00-24:00.

Figure 12 also shows that the average value of the power interchange amount is -5.0 from 0:00 to 6:00, 2.0 from 6:00 to 12:00, 2.5 from 12:00 to 18:00, and 12.0 from 18:00 to 24:00.

Figure 12 also shows that the penalty parameter has a value of 3.0 from 0:00-6:00, a value of 2.0 from 6:00-12:00, a value of 5.0 from 12:00-18:00, and a value of 2.5 from 18:00-24:00.

Figure 13 shows an example of data items handled by the output unit 324 of the EMS in this embodiment.

The data item (electricity interchange amount 347) handled by the output unit 324 includes the amount of electricity interchange (a positive value on the demand side and a negative value on the supply side).

In Figure 13, when the agent ID is #0001 (site A), the power interchange amount is shown to be 100 from 0:00 to 6:00, 150 from 6:00 to 12:00, 100 from 12:00 to 18:00, and 50 from 18:00 to 24:00.

Figure 14 shows an example of the hardware configuration of an EMS for this embodiment.

As shown in the example of FIG. 14, the EMS includes an input device 335, an output device 336, a CPU 333, a main memory device 332, a secondary memory device 331, and a communication device 334 for connecting to a network 317 such as an intranet.

The input receiving unit 321 and the output unit 324 in FIG. 10 are realized by the communication device 334. Also, the parameter setting unit 322 in FIG. 10 is realized by the input device 335.

The calculation unit 323 in FIG. 10 is realized by the CPU 333 storing data required for calculation in the secondary storage device 331, or by reading data required for calculation from the secondary storage device 331 while executing a software program stored in the main storage device 332.

The display unit 325 in FIG. 10 is realized by the output device 336. The information storage unit 326 in FIG. 10 is realized by the main storage device 332 or the secondary storage device 331.

<About the operation of the distributed energy management system>
Next, the operation of the distributed energy management system according to this embodiment will be described with reference to Figs.

Figure 15 is a flowchart showing an example of the processing flow of the master EMS and the EMS in this embodiment.

First, the control EMS 102 publishes value information for power exchange (unit price of power exchange, penalty parameters, and average value of power exchange amount) to each EMS 103 (see step ST01 in FIG. 15).

Next, each EMS 103 rewrites the value information of the power exchange by adding the area price prediction value of the prediction data 346 input to the parameter setting unit 322 to the value information of the power exchange notified from the control EMS (see step ST11 in FIG. 15). Here, the area price prediction value is the predicted value of the power price (area price) in each area under the jurisdiction of the general electricity transmission and distribution company.

Next, the amount of power interchange with guaranteed full contract is calculated based on the unit price of power interchange rewritten by the power interchange value information rewriting unit 327 (see step ST02 in FIG. 15).

Next, each EMS 103 presents the amount of power interchange to the master EMS 102 (see step ST03 in FIG. 15).

Next, the master EMS 102 determines whether to end the update of the power exchange value information (unit price of power exchange) (see step ST04 in FIG. 15).

If the result of this determination is to end the update of the power exchange value information (unit price of power exchange), that is, if it corresponds to "YES" branching from step ST04 as shown in an example in FIG. 15, the end of updating the power exchange value information (unit price of power exchange) is declared to each EMS 103 (see step ST05 in FIG. 15).

On the other hand, if the result of the determination is not to end the update of the power exchange value information (unit price of power exchange), that is, if the result corresponds to "NO" branching from step ST04 as shown in FIG. 15, the power exchange value information (unit price of power exchange) is updated based on the power exchange amount obtained from each EMS 103 (see step ST06 in FIG. 15). Then, the process returns to step ST01.

The power exchange value information can be updated multiple times until the power demand and power supply across multiple sites are matched.

The unit price of power exchange is updated with the aim of matching the total amount of power exchange on the supply side across multiple sites with the total amount of power exchange on the demand side. For example, if the time is t, the number of iterations is n, the unit price of power exchange is TPC, the penalty parameter is ρ, and the average amount of power exchange is TPave, this is achieved by calculating the following formula (1).

The penalty parameters are updated to accelerate the reduction of the primal residual or the dual residual, and are realized by calculating the following equation (2) for example, where t is the time, n is the number of iterations, ρ is the penalty parameter, r is the primal residual, s is the dual residual, and μa, μb, and μc are coefficients.

The end of updating the power interchange unit price is determined based on whether the convergence criteria are met or the number of trials is reached.

The determination of whether the convergence criteria are met is realized by calculating the following formula (3), where t is the time, n is the number of iterations, r is the primal residual, s is the dual residual, and ε is the convergence criteria index.

The determination of whether the trial count condition is reached is realized by calculating the following formula (4), where the number of iterations is n and the upper limit of the trial count is nmax.

The calculation of the main residual is realized by calculating the following formula (5), for example, where the site is x, the time is t, the number of iterations is n, the amount of power interchange is TP, and the main residual is r.

The calculation of the dual residual is realized by calculating the following equation (6), for example, where t is the time, n is the number of iterations, ρ is the penalty parameter, r is the primal residual, and s is the dual residual.

The power exchange value information is rewritten by adding the area price prediction value of the prediction data 346 input to the parameter setting unit 322 to the power exchange value information notified from the supervising EMS 102. If the time is t, the number of iterative calculations is n, the area price prediction value is Ca, the unit price of power exchange notified from the supervising EMS 102 is TPC, and the unit price of power exchange rewritten by the power exchange value information rewriting unit 327 is TPCx, the rewritten unit price of power exchange can be expressed as in the following formula (13).

The calculation of the amount of electricity to be exchanged is realized, for example, by calculating the minimization problem of an objective function expressed in terms of a reduction in the energy operating costs of distributed energy resources on the site and a penalty term.

The profit and loss for the entire site due to the area price difference (i.e., the difference in area prices) is expressed as the sum of all electricity interchange patterns, which is the product of the amount of electricity interchange between sites and the area price difference, but cannot be broken down by site.

In this specification, we formulate the profit and loss of the entire site due to area price differences in a way that allows it to be broken down into individual sites.

If the time is t, the site is x, the area price prediction value is Ca, and the amount of electricity interchange is TP, the profit/loss B (positive values are losses, negative values are profits) of the entire site due to the area price difference can be expressed as the following formula (14). Note that the number of iterative calculations n is omitted.

Therefore, the total for all sites, which is the product of the unit price TPCx of power interchange rewritten by the power interchange value information rewriting unit 327 and the amount of power interchange, represents the total of the site's overall profit and loss due to area price differences and the site's overall energy operating costs.

The term for reducing the energy operating costs of distributed energy resources on the site can be expressed as in the following formula (7), for example, where t is the time, n is the number of iterations, BGC is the gas fee based on the gas retail contract, KBPC is the electricity fee based on the electricity retail supply contract, JBPC is the price for purchasing electricity from the Japan Electric Power Exchange, JSPC is the price for selling electricity to the Japan Electric Power Exchange, TPCx is the unit price of electricity interchange rewritten by the electricity interchange value information rewrite unit 327, and TP is the amount of electricity interchange. Note that the following formula ignores the renewable energy surcharge unit price or the wheeling charge unit price, but these can be appropriately taken into account in formula (7) as necessary.

The penalty term can be expressed as the following equation (8), for example, when the time is t, the number of iterative calculations is n, the average amount of power interchange is TPave, and the amount of power interchange is TP.

The relational equation for the input and output of the energy conversion equipment can be expressed as the following equation (9), for example, assuming that the time is t, the number of iterative calculations is n, the input is Gi, the output is Go, the energy conversion coefficient (quadratic coefficient term) is a, the energy conversion coefficient (linear coefficient term) is b, and the energy conversion coefficient (constant term) is c.

The remaining capacity of the energy storage resource can be expressed as the following formula (10), for example, when the time is t, the number of iterative calculations is n, the input is Hi, the output is Ho, the remaining capacity is S, and the system efficiency is ef.

Figure 16 is a diagram showing an example of the updated power interchange unit price notified from the supervisory EMS 102. In Figure 16, the vertical axis indicates the power interchange unit price, the horizontal axis indicates the number of attempts, and the depth indicates time, showing the time slots of 0:00-6:00, 6:00-12:00, 12:00-18:00, and 18:00-24:00.

Figure 17 is a diagram showing an example of the results of updating the amount of power interchange. In Figure 17, the vertical axis indicates the amount of power interchange, the horizontal axis indicates the number of attempts, and the depth indicates time, showing the time slots 0:00-6:00, 6:00-12:00, 12:00-18:00, and 18:00-24:00. Two columns of graphs are shown, one on the left and one on the right, for each number of attempts, with the left column corresponding to the total amount of power interchange on the supply side and the right column corresponding to the total amount of power interchange on the demand side.

As shown in the examples of FIG. 16 and FIG. 17, in the first trial from 0:00 to 6:00, the total amount of power interchange on the demand side (right side) is less than the total amount of power interchange on the supply side (left side), so the unit price of power interchange in the second trial is updated to a price lower than that in the first trial. In other words, the demand amount (purchase amount) of power interchange in the entire site is less than the supply amount (sales amount) of power interchange in the entire site, so the unit price of power interchange is updated to lower the value of the value information of power interchange. Then, when the value of the value information of power interchange is lower than the value of power purchase from the retail electricity supplier or the value of power purchase from the Japan Electric Power Exchange, the purchase amount of power interchange is increased, or when the value of the value information of power interchange is lower than the value of power sales to the Japan Electric Power Exchange, the sales amount of power interchange is decreased.

In addition, during the second trial from 0:00 to 6:00, the total amount of power interchange on the demand side (right side) is greater than the total amount of power interchange on the supply side (left side), so the unit price of power interchange in the third trial is updated to a higher price than in the second trial. In other words, the demand for power interchange (purchase amount) in the entire site is greater than the supply amount of power interchange (sales amount) in the entire site, so the unit price of power interchange is updated to increase the value of the power interchange value information. Then, when the value of the power interchange value information becomes higher than the value of power purchases from retail electricity suppliers or the value of power purchases from the Japan Electric Power Exchange, the purchase amount of power interchange is reduced, or when the value of the power interchange value information becomes higher than the value of power sales to the Japan Electric Power Exchange, the sales amount of the power interchange is increased.

The Nth attempt refers to the number of attempts at the end of updating the unit price of power interchange. In the example shown in Figures 16 and 17, at the Nth attempt, the total amount of power interchange on the demand side (right side) and the total amount of power interchange on the supply side (left side) match at all time slices. Therefore, the control EMS 102 declares the end of updating the unit price of power interchange to each EMS 103, and ends the processing flow normally.

If, in the Nth trial, the total amount of power interchange on the demand side (right side) does not match the total amount of power interchange on the supply side (left side) in at least one or more time slices, the control EMS 102 compensates for the main residual for the time slices where the totals do not match.

Figures 18 and 19 show examples of compensation methods when the main residual is insufficiently supplied at an arbitrary time cross section in the Nth trial.

There are two ways to match the total amount of power interchange on the demand side (right side) with the total amount of power interchange on the supply side (left side): reducing the amount of power interchange on the demand side (corresponding to Figure 18) and increasing the amount of power interchange on the supply side (corresponding to Figure 19).

As a method for reducing the amount of power interchange on the demand side, as shown in FIG. 18, for example, the control EMS 102 notifies the EMS 103 that presented the amount of power interchange on the demand side of the desired reduction in power demand on a site-by-site basis together with a declaration of the end of updating the unit price of power interchange.

The desired reduction in electricity demand can be calculated by apportioning the main residual in proportion to the amount of electricity available on the demand side.

Sites that receive notification of the desired reduction in electricity demand will reduce the amount of electricity provided by the demand side by reviewing the operation plans of distributed energy resources or by increasing the amount of electricity purchased from retail electricity suppliers or the Japan Electric Power Exchange.

On the other hand, as a method of reducing the amount of power interchange on the supply side, as shown in the example of FIG. 19, for example, the control EMS 102 notifies the EMS 103 that presented the amount of power interchange on the supply side of the desired increase in the amount of power supply per site, together with a declaration of the end of updating the unit price of power interchange.

The desired increase in power supply can be calculated by dividing the main residual proportionately by the supply side's power interchange amount.

Sites that receive notification of the desired increase in power supply will increase the amount of power available on the supply side by reviewing the operation plans of their distributed energy resources or by reducing the amount of power they sell to the Japan Electric Power Exchange.

Figures 20 and 21 show examples of compensation methods when the main residual is oversupplied at an arbitrary time cross section in the Nth trial.

There are two ways to match the total amount of power interchange on the demand side (right side) with the total amount of power interchange on the supply side (left side): increasing the amount of power interchange on the demand side (corresponding to Figure 20) and decreasing the amount of power interchange on the supply side (corresponding to Figure 21).

As an example of a method for increasing the amount of power interchange on the demand side, as shown in FIG. 20, the control EMS 102 notifies the EMS 103 that has presented the amount of power interchange on the demand side of the desired increase in power demand on a site-by-site basis together with a declaration of the end of updating the unit price of power interchange.

The desired increase in electricity demand can be calculated by apportioning the main residual in proportion to the amount of electricity available on the demand side.

Sites that receive notification of the desired increase in electricity demand will increase the amount of electricity available to them on the demand side by reviewing the operation plans of their distributed energy resources or by reducing the amount of electricity they purchase from retail electricity suppliers or from the Japan Electric Power Exchange.

On the other hand, as a method for increasing the amount of power interchange on the supply side, as shown in the example of FIG. 21, for example, the control EMS 102 notifies the EMS 103 that has presented the amount of power interchange on the supply side of the desired reduction in the amount of power supply on a site-by-site basis together with a declaration of the end of updating the unit price of power interchange.

The desired reduction in power supply can be calculated by apportioning the main residual in proportion to the amount of power available from the supply side.

Sites that receive notification of the desired reduction in power supply will reduce the amount of power they supply by reviewing their distributed energy resource operation plans or by increasing the amount of power they sell to the Japan Electric Power Exchange.

In addition to the above example, the EMS that owns the master EMS 102 may compensate for all or part of the main residual.

The following provides an example of the process for operating and settling distributed energy resources outside of a distributed energy management system.

The operators of each site bid on the Japan Electric Power Exchange for the amount of electricity to be exchanged, as determined by the distributed energy management system, and the contract is completed.

After receiving notification of the results of the contract from the Japan Electric Power Exchange, operators at each site submit their plans for the day to the Organization for Cross-regional Coordination of Transmission Operators.

After submitting their daily plans, each site operator will operate their distributed energy resources based on the daily plan.

Then, settlement is made by calculating the price for the power exchange from the amount of power exchange and the rewritten unit price of the power exchange, which is calculated by adding the area price forecast value of each business to the unit price of the power exchange agreed upon in the distributed energy management system.

In addition, an EMS that responds to a request from the control EMS 102 to compensate for the main residual can receive from the control EMS 102 the costs incurred in increasing electricity demand, reducing electricity demand, changing the electricity supplier, or changing the electricity seller.

The distributed energy management system according to this embodiment can determine the appropriate amount of power interchange and the value information of the power interchange for the entire site of multiple sites that are composed of distributed energy resources including energy storage resources, without solving the optimization problem for the entire site of multiple sites that are composed of distributed energy resources including energy storage resources, and without disclosing detailed equipment information.

Furthermore, in power interchange between sites within an area under the jurisdiction of a general electricity transmission and distribution business operator, or between sites across different areas, regardless of whether or not an area price difference occurs due to market fragmentation, the amount of power interchange and value information of power interchange can be determined so as to realize a reduction in the energy operation costs of the entire site, including the profit and loss of the entire site due to the area price difference, or a reduction in CO ₂ emissions. Furthermore, if the accuracy of the area price prediction is sufficiently high, the amount of power interchange and value information of power interchange can be determined so as not to cause a profit and loss of the entire site due to the area price difference.

Second Embodiment
An energy management system and an energy management method according to the present embodiment will be described. In the following description, components similar to those described in the above embodiment are illustrated with the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

<Configuration of a distributed energy management system>
In this embodiment, a distributed energy management system as an energy management system in the case where a penalty parameter is not introduced will be described.

Figure 22 shows an example of data items handled by the parameter setting unit 302 of the master EMS in this embodiment.

The data items (parameters 342) handled by the parameter setting unit 302 include a price update coefficient used to update the offering price (in FIG. 22, the value is 5), a convergence determination index used to determine the end of the value information update (in FIG. 22, the value is 0.0001), and an upper limit on the number of trials (in FIG. 22, the value is 100). In addition, for example, the initial offering price used to update the offering price is included, which is set for each time slice when a day is divided into 48 equal intervals (in FIG. 22, the value is 10.0 from 0:00 to 6:00, 9.0 from 6:00 to 12:00, 10.0 from 12:00 to 18:00, and 11.0 from 18:00 to 24:00).

The parameter setting unit 302 sets the data to be handled by the parameter setting unit 302, for example, by receiving input from the system owner.

Figure 23 shows an example of data items handled by the output unit 304 of the integrated EMS in this embodiment.

The data items handled by the output unit 304 (power interchange value information 343) include the unit price of power interchange for each time slice.

In Figure 23, the unit price of power interchange is shown to be 20.0 from 0:00-6:00, 30.0 from 6:00-12:00, 25.0 from 12:00-18:00, and 15.0 from 18:00-24:00.

Figure 24 shows an example of data items handled by the input reception unit 321 of the EMS in this embodiment.

The data items handled by the input reception unit 321 (power interchange value information 344) include the unit price of power interchange for each time slice.

In Figure 24, the unit price of power interchange is shown to be 20.0 from 0:00-6:00, 30.0 from 6:00-12:00, 25.0 from 12:00-18:00, and 15.0 from 18:00-24:00.

<About the operation of the distributed energy management system>
The unit price of power interchange is updated with the aim of matching the total amount of power interchange on the supply side with the total amount of power interchange on the demand side, by calculating the following equation (11), for example, where t is the time, n is the number of iterative calculations, TPC is the unit price of power interchange, ψ is the coefficient for updating value information, and TPave is the average amount of power interchange.

The end of updating the unit price of power interchange is determined based on whether the convergence criteria are met and whether the trial count criteria are reached.

The determination of whether the convergence criteria are met is realized by calculating the following formula (12), where t is the time, n is the number of iterations, r is the main residual, and ε is the convergence criteria index.

The power exchange value information is rewritten by adding the area price prediction value of the prediction data 346 input to the parameter setting unit 322 to the power exchange value information notified from the general EMS 102. If the time is t, the number of iterative calculations is n, the area price prediction value is Ca, the unit price of power exchange notified from the general EMS is TPC, and the unit price of power exchange rewritten by the power exchange value information rewriting unit 327 is TPCx, the rewritten unit price of power exchange can be expressed as in the following formula (15).

The calculation of the amount of power to be exchanged is realized, for example, by calculating the minimization problem of an objective function expressed in terms of reducing the energy operating costs of distributed energy resources on the site.

The profit and loss for the entire site due to the area price difference is expressed as the sum of all electricity interchange patterns, which is the product of the amount of electricity interchange between sites and the area price difference, but cannot be broken down by site.

In this specification, we formulate the profit and loss of the entire site due to area price differences in a way that allows it to be broken down into individual sites.

If the time is t, the site is x, the area price prediction value is Ca, and the amount of electricity interchange is TP, the profit/loss B (positive values are losses, negative values are profits) of the entire site due to the area price difference can be expressed as the following formula (16). Note that the number of iterative calculations n is omitted.

Therefore, the total for all sites, which is the product of the unit price TPCx of power interchange rewritten by the power interchange value information rewriting unit 327 and the amount of power interchange, represents the total of the site's overall profit and loss due to area price differences and the site's overall energy operating costs.

Other operations are the same as those shown in the first embodiment, so a detailed explanation will be omitted here.

<Effects of the above-described embodiment>
Next, examples of effects obtained by the above-described embodiment will be described. Note that in the following description, the effects will be described based on the specific configurations exemplified in the above-described embodiment, but the effects may be replaced with other specific configurations exemplified in the present specification as long as the same effects are obtained.

The replacement may also be made across multiple embodiments. That is, configurations shown as examples in different embodiments may be combined to produce the same effect.

According to the embodiment described above, the energy management system includes a plurality of sites including energy storage resources, and a general management unit for managing the plurality of sites. Here, the plurality of sites correspond to, for example, sites 106a, 106b, and 106c. The general management unit corresponds to, for example, the general EMS 102. The general EMS 102 notifies each site of value information 344 of power exchange between the plurality of sites. Then, each site calculates a power exchange amount 347, which is the amount of power that each site can exchange, based on the power exchange value information 344 rewritten by adding the area price prediction value of each business establishment to the power exchange value information 344 notified from the general EMS 102, and notifies the general EMS 102 of the power exchange amount 347. Then, based on the power interchange amount 341, the control EMS 102 updates the power interchange value information 343 so that the power demand and power supply across the multiple sites match, and notifies the updated power interchange value information 343 from the control EMS 102.

According to such a configuration, it is possible to determine an appropriate amount of power interchange and value information of power interchange for the entire site of a plurality of sites configured with distributed energy resources including energy storage resources without solving an optimization problem for the entire site and without disclosing detailed facility information. Furthermore, in power interchange between sites within an area under the jurisdiction of a general electricity transmission and distribution company or between sites across different areas, it is possible to determine the amount of power interchange and the value information of power interchange so as to realize a reduction in the energy operation cost of the entire site, including the profit and loss of the entire site due to the area price difference, or a reduction in _CO2 emissions, regardless of whether or not an area price difference occurs due to market fragmentation. Furthermore, if the accuracy of the area price prediction is sufficiently high, it is possible to determine the amount of power interchange and the value information of power interchange so as to prevent the profit and loss of the entire site due to the area price difference.

The same effect can be achieved even if at least one of the other configurations whose examples are shown in this specification is appropriately added to the configuration described above, that is, even if another configuration whose examples are shown in this specification but not mentioned as a configuration described above is appropriately added.

In addition, according to the embodiment described above, the amount of power interchange 347 calculated by each site is an amount of power interchange 347 with a guaranteed full contract. With this configuration, the amount of power interchanged is guaranteed, so that power interchange can be performed reliably.

In addition, according to the embodiment described above, the power interchange amount 347 with guaranteed full contract is calculated by computing an optimization problem of an objective function expressed as a combination of the energy operation cost reduction term and the addition of at least one of the penalty terms of each site. With such a configuration, it is possible to determine an appropriate power interchange amount corresponding to the value information of the power interchange.

Furthermore, according to the embodiment described above, the penalty term is calculated by multiplying the power exchange amount and the average power exchange amount to a polynomial power by a penalty parameter, which is a parameter that encourages the power demand and power supply to match across multiple sites. With this configuration, the power exchange value information can be updated efficiently.

Furthermore, according to the embodiment described above, the manager EMS 102 updates the power exchange value information 343 multiple times until the power demand and power supply across the multiple sites match. With this configuration, the power exchange value information (specifically, the unit price of power exchange) can be brought closer to an optimal value through multiple updates, thereby improving the accuracy with which the power demand and power supply across the sites match.

Furthermore, according to the embodiment described above, the power interchange value information 343 includes the unit price of power interchange for each time slice, the average amount of power interchange, and a penalty parameter that is a parameter that encourages the matching of power demand and power supply across multiple sites. With this configuration, the power interchange value information can be updated efficiently.

Furthermore, according to the embodiment described above, the power interchange value information 343 is updated by multiplying the penalty parameter by the average power interchange amount and adding the result to the power interchange value information 343, or by multiplying the average power interchange amount by an arbitrary coefficient and adding the result to the power interchange value information 343. According to such a configuration, the power interchange value information can be updated efficiently.

Furthermore, according to the embodiment described above, the master EMS 102 updates the power exchange value information 343 so that the power demand and power supply at multiple time slices match. With this configuration, the power exchange value information is updated so that the power demand and power supply at multiple time slices match, improving the accuracy with which the power demand and power supply across the entire site match.

Furthermore, according to the embodiment described above, when the power demand and power supply across the multiple sites match, the manager EMS 102 notifies each site of the end of updating the power exchange value information 343. With this configuration, each site that has been notified of the end of updating can determine the state of its energy storage resource. Therefore, an optimal operation plan that includes the energy storage resource can be created.

Furthermore, according to the embodiment described above, the end of updating the power exchange value information 343 is determined based on at least one of the following criteria: the smaller of the primary residual or the dual residual, or the primary residual becoming smaller than a convergence determination index, or the number of updates of the power exchange value information becoming greater than a predetermined threshold value. With this configuration, the end of updating the power exchange value information can be appropriately performed.

Furthermore, according to the embodiment described above, the target of the power exchange after the control EMS 102 notifies each site of the power exchange value information 343 and until the control EMS 102 notifies the completion of updating the power exchange value information 343 is at least one time slice. With this configuration, a product consisting of at least one or more time slices can be handled in one power exchange transaction.

Furthermore, according to the embodiment described above, each site includes an energy management unit 108a, an energy management unit 108b, or an energy management unit 108c for managing the energy at each site. The energy management system is provided independently of the energy management unit, and includes a trade calculation unit 107, a trade calculation unit 107a, a trade calculation unit 107b, or a trade calculation unit 107c for calculating the power interchange amount 347. Here, the energy management system corresponds to, for example, the distributed energy management system 101, the distributed energy management system 101a, or the distributed energy management system 101b. With this configuration, even a department that plays a central role in an organization or an agent that does not conduct transactions, such as an exchange that operates a market, can have a trade calculation unit.

Furthermore, according to the embodiment described above, the transaction calculation unit 107 is provided at one of the sites. Such a configuration improves the degree of freedom in arranging the transaction calculation unit. Furthermore, even if there are no agents that do not trade, a market can be opened and operated.

Furthermore, according to the embodiment described above, the transaction calculation unit 107a is provided at the site 106a, the transaction calculation unit 107b is provided at the site 106b, and the transaction calculation unit 107c is provided at the site 106c. This configuration improves the degree of freedom in arranging the transaction calculation units. Furthermore, even if there are no agents that do not trade, it is possible to open and operate a market.

According to the embodiment described above, in the energy management method, value information 344 of power exchange between multiple sites including energy storage resources is notified to each site. Then, each site calculates a power exchange amount 347, which is the amount of power that each site can exchange, based on the power exchange value information 344 rewritten by adding the area price prediction value of each business establishment to the power exchange value information 344 notified from the control EMS 102. Then, based on the power exchange amount 341, the power exchange value information 343 is updated so that the power demand and power supply across the multiple sites match, and the updated power exchange value information 343 is notified from the control EMS 102.

According to such a configuration, it is possible to determine an appropriate amount of power interchange and value information of power interchange for the entire site of a plurality of sites configured with distributed energy resources including energy storage resources without solving an optimization problem for the entire site and without disclosing detailed facility information. Furthermore, in power interchange between sites within an area under the jurisdiction of a general electricity transmission and distribution company or between sites across different areas, it is possible to determine the amount of power interchange and the value information of power interchange so as to realize a reduction in the energy operation cost of the entire site, including the profit and loss of the entire site due to the area price difference, or a reduction in _CO2 emissions, regardless of whether or not an area price difference occurs due to market fragmentation. Furthermore, if the accuracy of the area price prediction is sufficiently high, it is possible to determine the amount of power interchange and the value information of power interchange so as to prevent the profit and loss of the entire site due to the area price difference.

The same effect can be achieved even if at least one of the other configurations whose examples are shown in this specification is appropriately added to the configuration described above, that is, even if another configuration whose examples are shown in this specification but not mentioned as a configuration described above is appropriately added.

In addition, unless there are special restrictions, the order in which each process is performed can be changed.

<Modifications of the above-described embodiments>
In the embodiments described above, the dimensions, shapes, relative positional relationships, and implementation conditions of each component may be described, but these are merely examples in all respects and are not limited to those described in the present specification.

Therefore, countless variations and equivalents not shown are contemplated within the scope of the technology disclosed in this specification. For example, this includes cases where at least one component is modified, added, or omitted, and even cases where at least one component in at least one embodiment is extracted and combined with a component in another embodiment.

In addition, unless a contradiction arises, any component described in the above embodiments as having "one" may be included in "one or more" units.

Furthermore, each component in the embodiments described above is a conceptual unit, and the scope of the technology disclosed in this specification includes cases where one component is made up of multiple structures, where one component corresponds to a part of a structure, and even where multiple components are provided in one structure.

Furthermore, each component in the embodiments described above includes structures having other structures or shapes as long as they perform the same function.

Furthermore, the descriptions in this specification are incorporated by reference for all purposes related to this technology, and none of them are admitted to be prior art.

Furthermore, each of the components described in the above embodiments is considered to be software or firmware, and also the corresponding hardware, and in both concepts, each component is referred to as a "unit" or "processing circuitry", etc.

The technology disclosed in this specification may also be implemented in a system-like configuration in which each component is distributed across multiple devices.

101, 101a, 101b Distributed energy management system, 102 General EMS, 103, 103a, 103b, 103c EMS, 104 Power exchange, 105 Communication, 106, 106a, 106b, 106c Site, 107, 107a, 107b, 107c Transaction calculation unit, 108a, 108b, 108c Energy management unit, 201 Electricity, 202 Gas, 203 Heat, 211, 213 Electricity purchase, 212 Electricity reception, 214 Gas purchase, 215 Electricity sale, 216 Electricity transmission, 221 Gas turbine, 222 Gas boiler, 223 Water electrolysis device, 224 Electric water heater, 225 Fuel cell, 231 Storage battery, 232 Hydrogen storage facility, 233 Heat storage tank, 241 heat demand, 242 power demand, 301, 321 input reception unit, 302, 322 parameter setting unit, 303, 323 calculation unit, 304, 324 output unit, 305, 325 display unit, 306, 326 information storage unit, 311, 331 secondary storage device, 312, 332 main storage device, 313, 333 CPU, 314, 334 communication device, 315, 335 input device, 316, 336 output device, 317 network, 327 power exchange value information rewriting unit, 341, 347 power exchange amount, 342, 345 parameters, 343, 344 value information, 346 forecast data.

Claims (17)

Multiple sites including energy storage resources;
a general management unit for managing a plurality of said sites,
The central management unit notifies each of the sites of value information of power interchange between the plurality of sites,
a power interchange value information rewriting unit for rewriting the power interchange value information by adding an area price prediction value of each of the sites to the power interchange value information notified from the general management unit,
Each of the sites calculates an amount of power interchange that is an amount of power that each of the sites can interchange based on the value information of the power interchange rewritten by the power interchange value information rewriting unit, and notifies the general management unit of the amount of power interchange;
the central management unit updates value information of the power interchange based on the amount of power interchange so that the demand for power and the supply of power across the plurality of sites match, and notifies the updated value information of the power interchange from the central management unit;
Energy management systems. The energy management system according to claim 1,
Each of the sites calculates the amount of power interchange using the value information of the power interchange rewritten by the power interchange value information rewriting unit as part of an input,
In the calculation, if the value information of the power interchange rewritten by the power interchange value information rewriting unit is lower than the value of the power purchase from the retail electricity supplier or the value of the power purchase from the Japan Electric Power Exchange, the purchase amount of the power interchange is increased, or if the value information of the power interchange is lower than the value of the power sale to the Japan Electric Power Exchange, the sales amount of the power interchange is decreased,
In the calculation, if the value information of the power interchange rewritten by the power interchange value information rewriting unit has a higher value than the value of the power purchase from the retail electricity supplier or the value of the power purchase from the Japan Electric Power Exchange, the purchase amount of the power interchange is reduced, or if the value information of the power interchange has a higher value than the value of the power sale to the Japan Electric Power Exchange, the sales amount of the power interchange is increased.
Energy management systems. 3. The energy management system according to claim 1,
The amount of power interchange calculated by each of the sites is the amount of power interchange with which the full amount is guaranteed.
Energy management systems. The energy management system according to claim 3,
The amount of power interchange with a guaranteed full contract is calculated by computing an optimization problem of an objective function expressed by an additive combination of at least one of an energy operation cost reduction term and a penalty term of each of the sites.
Energy management systems. The energy management system according to claim 4,
the penalty term is calculated by multiplying a polynomial power of the amount of power interchange and an average value of the amount of power interchange by a penalty parameter that is a parameter that promotes matching between the demand for power and the supply of power across the multiple sites;
Energy management systems. An energy management system according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
the central management unit updates the power interchange value information a plurality of times until the power demand and the power supply across the plurality of sites are matched;
Energy management systems. An energy management system according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The power interchange value information includes a unit price of power interchange for each time slice, an average value of the power interchange amount, and a penalty parameter that is a parameter for encouraging a match between the power demand and the power supply across the multiple sites.
Energy management systems. The energy management system according to claim 7,
The updating of the value information of the power interchange is performed by multiplying the penalty parameter by an average value of the power interchange amount and adding the value to the value information of the power interchange, or by multiplying the average value of the power interchange amount by an arbitrary coefficient and adding the value to the value information of the power interchange.
Energy management systems. An energy management system according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
the supervisory management unit updates the value information of the power interchange so that the demand for power and the supply of power at a plurality of time slices coincide with each other.
Energy management systems. 10. The energy management system according to claim 9,
when a purchase amount of the amount of power interchange in the entire site is greater than a sales amount of the amount of power interchange in the entire site, the supervision management unit updates the value information of the power interchange so as to increase a value of the value information of the power interchange,
when a purchase amount of the amount of power interchange in the entire site is smaller than a sales amount of the amount of power interchange in the entire site, the supervision management unit updates the value information of the power interchange so as to lower the value of the value information of the power interchange.
Energy management systems. An energy management system according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
when the demand for power and the supply of power match across all of the plurality of sites, the central management unit notifies each of the sites of the end of updating the value information of the power interchange;
Energy management systems. 12. The energy management system according to claim 11,
The end of updating the value information of the electric power interchange is determined based on at least one of the following criteria: either the smaller of the primary residual or the dual residual, or the primary residual becoming smaller than a convergence determination index, or the number of updates of the value information of the electric power interchange becoming larger than a predetermined threshold value.
Energy management systems. 13. The energy management system according to claim 11 or 12,
After the central management unit notifies each of the sites of the value information of the power interchange, the target of the power interchange during the period from when the central management unit notifies each of the sites of the end of updating the value information of the power interchange is at least one time slice.
Energy management systems. An energy management system according to any one of claims 1 to 13,
Each of the sites includes an energy management unit for managing energy at the respective sites;
The energy management system is provided independently of the energy management unit and includes a transaction calculation unit for calculating the amount of electric power interchange.
Energy management systems. 15. The energy management system of claim 14,
The transaction calculation unit is provided at any one of the sites.
Energy management systems. 15. The energy management system of claim 14,
The transaction calculation unit is provided at each of the two or more sites.
Energy management systems. notifying each of a plurality of sites including an energy storage resource of value information of electric power interchange among the plurality of sites;
Each of the sites rewrites the value information of the power exchange by adding the area price prediction value of each of the sites to the notified value information of the power exchange, and further calculates a power exchange amount, which is an amount of power that each of the sites can exchange, based on the rewritten value information of the power exchange;
updating value information of the power interchange based on the amount of power interchange so that the power demand and power supply across all of the plurality of sites match, and notifying the updated value information of the power interchange;
Energy management methods.

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