JP7543696B2 - Mud prevention material and water impermeable layer construction method - Google Patents
Mud prevention material and water impermeable layer construction method Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
本発明は、地盤上で層状に敷設されるベントナイト混合土の泥濘化を防止する泥濘化防止材、及び泥濘化防止材を利用した遮水層の施工方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a muddy soil prevention material that prevents bentonite mixed soil laid in layers on the ground from becoming muddy, and a construction method for a water-impermeable layer that uses the muddy soil prevention material.
従来より、地盤中に構築される廃棄物処分場には、降雨が廃棄物層を介して有害物質を含んだ浸出水となり、周辺地盤に拡散して土壌を汚染することを防止するため、周辺地盤との間に遮水層が設けられている。なかでも、廃棄物処分場の底盤部には、土質遮水が採用される場合が多い。 Traditionally, waste disposal sites constructed underground have had a water shielding layer between them and the surrounding ground to prevent rain from seeping through the waste layer and becoming leachate containing harmful substances, which then spreads to the surrounding ground and contaminates the soil. In particular, soil water shielding is often used at the base of waste disposal sites.
土質遮水とは、ベントナイト混合土を用いた遮水工であり、ベントナイト混合土は、現地発生土もしくは購入砂を母材とし、この母材に室内試験等の結果に基づいて設計した配合量のベントナイトを混合し加水調整したものである。そして、ベントナイト混合土は、地盤上に撒き出して転圧・締固めを行って層状に敷設することで、前述した有害物質を含んだ浸出水を封じ込める程度の高い遮水性能が得られる。 Soil waterproofing is a waterproofing work that uses bentonite-mixed soil, which uses locally generated soil or purchased sand as the base material, and mixes this base material with bentonite in a ratio designed based on the results of laboratory tests, etc., and then adjusts the amount of water added. The bentonite-mixed soil is then spread on the ground, compacted, and laid in layers, resulting in a high level of waterproofing performance that can contain leachate containing the aforementioned harmful substances.
このような遮水層は一般に、次のような手順で施工されている。まず、所望の遮水性能が確保できるよう設計したベントナイト混合土を製造し、地盤上の対象領域に対して層状に敷設する。敷設が完了したのち、層状に敷設されたベントナイト混合土の表面を、土木シートやビニールシート等の防水シート等を用いて被覆し、養生する。 Such waterproof layers are generally constructed in the following procedure. First, a bentonite mixed soil designed to ensure the desired waterproof performance is manufactured and laid in layers in the target area on the ground. After laying is completed, the surface of the laid layer of bentonite mixed soil is covered with a waterproof sheet such as a civil engineering sheet or vinyl sheet, and then cured.
防水シートによる養生は、ベントナイト混合土の表面に遮水シートが敷設されるまでの期間中、ベントナイト混合土が降雨等の水と接触することにより膨潤して泥濘化を生じるといった、品質低下を抑制するために行う。しかし、防水シートを用いた被覆作業は煩雑であるだけでなく、雨水が防水シートの隙間から漏水しやすい。漏水した場合には泥濘化した部分を剥ぎ取って、再度ベントナイト混合土を敷設するなど、多大な手間を要していた。 The waterproof sheet is used to prevent deterioration in quality, such as swelling and turning muddy when the bentonite mixed soil comes into contact with water, such as rain, during the period until the waterproof sheet is laid on the surface of the bentonite mixed soil. However, not only is the covering process using a waterproof sheet cumbersome, but rainwater is prone to leaking through the gaps in the waterproof sheet. When water leaks, it is necessary to peel off the muddy parts and lay the bentonite mixed soil again, which requires a lot of work.
このような中、例えば特許文献１では、層状に敷設されたベントナイト混合土の表面を、防水シートで被覆し養生する作業に変えて、アスファルト皮膜を形成する方法が開示されている。具体的には、ベントナイト混合土を所定の厚さに敷き均し、フィニッシャーを用いてほぼ均一な厚さに敷設したのち、アスファルト乳剤等の遮水シート形成材をベントナイト混合土の表面に吹き付けて、アスファルト皮膜よりなる遮水シートを形成する。 In this situation, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method of forming an asphalt film by replacing the work of covering the surface of bentonite mixed soil laid in layers with a waterproof sheet and curing it. Specifically, the bentonite mixed soil is spread evenly to a specified thickness, and a finisher is used to lay it to a nearly uniform thickness, and then a waterproof sheet forming material such as an asphalt emulsion is sprayed onto the surface of the bentonite mixed soil to form a waterproof sheet made of an asphalt film.
特許文献１の方法によれば、ベントナイト混合土の表面に遮水シート形成材を直接散布するのみで、アスファルト皮膜よりなる遮水シートを形成できるため、防水シートで被覆養生する場合と比較して作業性を大幅に向上できる。 According to the method of Patent Document 1, a waterproof sheet made of an asphalt film can be formed simply by spraying a waterproof sheet forming material directly onto the surface of the bentonite mixed soil, which significantly improves workability compared to covering and curing with a waterproof sheet.
このような遮水シート形成材として採用するアスファルト乳剤は、ベントナイト混合土の表面に吹き付ける際、水で希釈して使用する。ところが、水で希釈したアスファルト乳剤は一部が沈降するなど、水中で均質に分散されない場合が多い。 The asphalt emulsion used as a material for forming such waterproof sheets is diluted with water before being sprayed onto the surface of the bentonite-mixed soil. However, when diluted with water, asphalt emulsion often does not disperse homogeneously in the water, with some of it settling.
すると、ベントナイト混合土の表面に散布することにより形成されるアスファルト皮膜は、膜厚が一様にならずに薄い部分が発生するから、この薄い部分を介してベントナイト混合土に降雨が漏出し、泥濘化を招くことになりかねない。このような現象を防止するには、水に対するアスファルト乳剤の添加量を増量せざるを得ず、経済性に劣っていた。 The asphalt film formed by spraying it on the surface of the bentonite mixed soil is not uniform in thickness and has thin areas, which can allow rain to leak through the thin areas into the bentonite mixed soil, causing it to turn into mud. To prevent this phenomenon, the amount of asphalt emulsion added to the water must be increased, which is not economical.
本発明は、かかる課題に鑑みなされたものであって、その主な目的は、地盤上で層状に敷設されるベントナイト混合土の泥濘化を、経済的に防止することの可能な、泥濘化防止材、及び泥濘化防止材を用いた遮水層の施工方法を提供することである。 The present invention has been made in consideration of these problems, and its main objective is to provide a muddying prevention material that can economically prevent muddying of bentonite mixed soil laid in layers on the ground, and a construction method for a water-impermeable layer that uses the muddying prevention material.
かかる目的を達成するため、本発明の泥濘化防止材は、地盤上に撒き出したベントナイト混合土を転圧締固めて敷設したベントナイト層の泥濘化を防止する泥濘化防止材であって、アスファルト乳剤と、該アスファルト乳剤を希釈する乳剤希釈溶液と、を備え、前記アスファルト乳剤は、カオチン系乳剤であり、前記乳剤希釈溶液が、グァーガムを水に添加し、溶解したものであることを特徴とする。
In order to achieve this object, the muddy soil prevention material of the present invention is a muddy soil prevention material that prevents the bentonite layer that is laid by compacting and rolling bentonite mixed soil spread on the ground from becoming muddy, and is characterized in that it comprises an asphalt emulsion and an emulsion dilution solution for diluting the asphalt emulsion, the asphalt emulsion being a cationic emulsion , and the emulsion dilution solution being obtained by adding and dissolving guar gum in water.
本発明の泥濘化防止材は、前記アスファルト乳剤を希釈する前の前記乳剤希釈溶液の溶液濃度が、０．３重量％以上２．０重量％以下であることを特徴とする。
The muddy water prevention material of the present invention is characterized in that the solution concentration of the diluted emulsion before diluting the asphalt emulsion is 0.3% by weight or more and 2.0% by weight or less .
本発明の泥濘化防止材によれば、非イオン性の沈降抑制材を水に添加し溶解した乳剤希釈溶液で、アスファルト乳剤を希釈することにより作成される。これにより、アスファルト乳剤にカチオン系乳剤を採用した場合にも、アスファルト分が分解されて固化する、といった現象を生じることがなく、アスファルト乳剤が一様に分散された均質な状態を維持することが可能となる。 The muddying prevention material of the present invention is prepared by diluting an asphalt emulsion with a diluted emulsion solution in which a non-ionic settling inhibitor is added and dissolved in water. This prevents the asphalt component from decomposing and solidifying, even when a cationic emulsion is used in the asphalt emulsion, and allows the asphalt emulsion to be maintained in a homogeneous state with the emulsion uniformly dispersed.
このため、泥濘化防止材をベントナイト層の表面に散布すると、ムラのない略均一のな層厚を有する高品質な泥濘化防止膜を形成できる。したがって、施工対象領域１ｍ2当たりの散布量を少量に抑えながら、ベントナイト層に対して高い泥濘防止効果を発揮することが可能となる。 Therefore, when the muddy water prevention material is sprayed on the surface of the bentonite layer, a high-quality muddy water prevention film with a uniform thickness can be formed. Therefore, it is possible to achieve a high muddy water prevention effect on the bentonite layer while keeping the amount sprayed per square meter of the target area small.
また、沈降抑制材が水に粘性を付与する性質を有することから、アスファルト乳剤の沈降を抑制できるだけでなく、泥濘化防止材に粘性を付与できる。これにより、泥濘化防止材をベントナイト層の表面に散布した際、ベントナイト層となじみよく密着し、両者の隙間に漏水を生じる現象を抑制することが可能となる。 In addition, because the settling-inhibiting material has the property of imparting viscosity to water, it can not only inhibit the settling of the asphalt emulsion, but also impart viscosity to the muddying prevention material. As a result, when the muddying prevention material is sprayed on the surface of the bentonite layer, it adheres well to the bentonite layer and can prevent water leakage from the gap between the two.
さらに、沈降抑制材に、増粘材として一般に使用されているグァーガムを使用すれば、安価かつ少ない添加量で泥濘化防止膜を形成でき、工費を大幅に低減することが可能となる。 Furthermore, if guar gum, which is commonly used as a thickening agent, is used as the sedimentation inhibitor, a muddy water prevention film can be formed at low cost with only a small amount of additive, making it possible to significantly reduce construction costs.
本発明の遮水層の施工方法は、本発明の泥濘化防止材を用いた遮水層の施工方法であって、地盤上にベントナイト混合土を撒き出し、転圧締固めてベントナイト層を敷設する工程と、前記ベントナイト層の表面を、前記泥濘化防止材により形成される泥濘化防止膜で皮膜する工程と、を備えることを特徴とする。 The construction method of the water shielding layer of the present invention is a construction method of the water shielding layer using the muddy water prevention material of the present invention, and is characterized by comprising the steps of spreading bentonite mixed soil on the ground, compacting it by rolling, and laying a bentonite layer, and coating the surface of the bentonite layer with a muddy water prevention film formed by the muddy water prevention material.
本発明の泥濘化遮水層の施工方法によれば、特別な装置を必要とせず、また煩雑な作業も発生しないため、施工性を向上し工期短縮及び工費削減を図りながら、ベントナイト層の泥濘化を防止し、高品質な遮水層を設けることが可能となる。 The construction method for the muddy water shielding layer of the present invention does not require special equipment or complicated work, so it is possible to prevent the bentonite layer from becoming muddy and provide a high-quality water shielding layer while improving workability, shortening construction time, and reducing construction costs.
本発明によれば、地盤上で層状に敷設されるベントナイト混合土の泥濘化を、経済的に防止することが可能となる。 The present invention makes it possible to economically prevent bentonite mixed soil laid in layers on the ground from becoming muddy.
本発明の泥濘化防止材及び遮水層の施工方法について、廃棄物処分場と地盤との間に設ける遮水層を事例に挙げ、以下に図１～図６を参照しつつその詳細を説明する。これに先立ち、まず、廃棄物処分場及び遮水層について説明する。 The construction method of the muddy soil prevention material and water impermeable layer of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to Figures 1 to 6, taking as an example a water impermeable layer installed between a waste disposal site and the ground. Prior to this, the waste disposal site and the water impermeable layer will first be described.
図１で示すように、地盤中に構築される廃棄物処分場１は、地盤Ｇの掘削部における底盤と側面に土質遮水を採用した遮水層２が構築され、この遮水層２に囲まれた内側に廃棄物３が収納されている。 As shown in Figure 1, a waste disposal site 1 constructed underground has a waterproof layer 2 that uses soil waterproofing constructed on the bottom and sides of the excavated part of the ground G, and waste 3 is stored inside this waterproof layer 2.
土質遮水を採用した遮水層２は、地盤Ｇ上に敷設したベントナイト混合土層２１と、ベントナイト混合土層２１の表面を被覆する泥濘化防止膜２２とを有し、ベントナイト混合土層２１は、図２（ａ）（ｂ）で示すように、地盤上に撒き出したベントナイト混合土２１１を、均一な厚さとなるよう、転圧し締め固めたものである。 The water shielding layer 2, which uses soil water shielding, has a bentonite mixed soil layer 21 laid on the ground G and a muddying prevention film 22 that covers the surface of the bentonite mixed soil layer 21. As shown in Figures 2(a) and (b), the bentonite mixed soil layer 21 is formed by rolling and compacting the bentonite mixed soil 211 spread on the ground to a uniform thickness.
ベントナイト混合土２１１は、例えば施工現場で、現地発生土等の土砂にベントナイトを添加し混合することにより製造される。また、ベントナイトの配合量は、遮水層２に求められる遮水性能を実現可能な量を、室内試験で確認したうえで設計される。なお、ベントナイト混合土２１１を製造する際には、この設計値を超える配合量のベントナイトを添加している。 The bentonite mixed soil 211 is produced, for example, at the construction site by adding bentonite to soil and sand generated on-site and mixing it. The amount of bentonite to be mixed is designed after confirming in a laboratory test that the amount capable of realizing the water-blocking performance required for the water-blocking layer 2 is an amount that exceeds this design value when producing the bentonite mixed soil 211.
泥濘化防止膜２２は、ベントナイト混合土層２１が例えば、降雨等により給水を生じて泥濘化することを防止するために設けるものであり、アスファルト皮膜よりなる。アスファルト皮膜は、図２（ｃ）で示すように、ベントナイト混合土層２１の表面に散布した泥濘化防止材２２１のアスファルト乳剤Ａｓが分解してアスファルト分が固化することにより形成される。 The muddy soil prevention film 22 is provided to prevent the bentonite-mixed soil layer 21 from becoming muddy due to water supply caused by rainfall, etc., and is made of an asphalt film. As shown in Figure 2 (c), the asphalt film is formed when the asphalt emulsion As of the muddy soil prevention material 221 spread on the surface of the bentonite-mixed soil layer 21 decomposes and the asphalt solidifies.
≪泥濘化防止材≫
泥濘化防止材２２１は、図１で示すように、アスファルト乳剤Ａｓを乳剤希釈溶液４で希釈することにより作成される。
<Mud prevention material>
The muddy water prevention material 221 is prepared by diluting the asphalt emulsion As with the emulsion dilution solution 4 as shown in FIG.
アスファルト乳剤Ａｓは、乳剤を含む水中にアスファルトを微粒子状に分散させて乳化させたもので、様々な種類があるが本実施の形態では、カチオン系乳剤を採用している。カチオン系乳剤は、例えば、アスファルト舗装の各層を接着するタックコート等に使用されるもので、散布すると水分が蒸発する前に水分とアスファルト分とに分解し、速やかにアスファルト皮膜を形成することで知られている。 Asphalt emulsion As is an emulsion in which asphalt is dispersed in fine particles in water containing the emulsion, and there are various types, but in this embodiment, a cationic emulsion is used. Cationic emulsions are used, for example, in tack coats that bond each layer of asphalt pavement together, and are known to break down into water and asphalt when sprayed before the water evaporates, quickly forming an asphalt film.
このようなカチオン系乳剤は、水で希釈することも可能であるが、水中では沈降しやすく一様に分散されない場合が多い。このため、泥濘化防止材２２１ではアスファルト乳剤Ａｓを希釈するにあたり、水ではなく乳剤希釈溶液４を用いている。 Although such cationic emulsions can be diluted with water, they tend to settle in water and are often not uniformly dispersed. For this reason, in the muddying prevention material 221, emulsion dilution solution 4 is used instead of water to dilute the asphalt emulsion As.
乳剤希釈溶液４は、アスファルト乳剤Ａｓの沈降を抑制できるだけでなく、泥濘化防止材２２１に対して、ベントナイト混合土層２１の表面に散布もしくは噴射した際になじみよく密着させるよう、粘性を付与できるものが好ましい。また、アスファルト乳剤Ａｓにカチオン系乳剤を採用した場合にも、これを沈降させることなく均一に分散することのできるものが好ましい。 It is preferable that the diluted emulsion solution 4 not only suppresses the settling of the asphalt emulsion As, but also imparts viscosity to the muddying prevention material 221 so that it adheres well to the surface of the bentonite mixed soil layer 21 when it is spread or sprayed on the surface. In addition, when a cationic emulsion is used for the asphalt emulsion As, it is preferable that the diluted emulsion solution 4 can be uniformly dispersed without settling.
そして、アスファルト乳剤Ａｓとして採用するカチオン系乳剤は、プラスイオン（カチオン）性である。したがって、乳剤希釈溶液４は、水に溶解して粘性を付与することが可能であり、かつ、水に溶解したときにイオン化しない非イオン性の材料を沈降抑制材５として採用し、これを水に添加し溶解することにより作液している。 The cationic emulsion used as the asphalt emulsion As is positively ion (cationic). Therefore, the diluted emulsion solution 4 can be dissolved in water to impart viscosity, and a non-ionic material that does not ionize when dissolved in water is used as the settling inhibitor 5, which is added to and dissolved in water to create the solution.
沈降抑制材５としては、例えば、エチレングリコール、ポリビニルアルコール、グアガム等が挙げられる。なお、グァーガムは、一年生植物グアーの種子から得られる非イオン性の中性多糖類であり、様々な分野で増粘材として使用されている。 Examples of the settling inhibitor 5 include ethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, and guar gum. Guar gum is a non-ionic neutral polysaccharide obtained from the seeds of the annual plant guar, and is used as a thickening material in various fields.
これら３種類の材料を沈降抑制材５に採用して泥濘化防止材２２１を作成した場合の、アスファルト乳剤Ａｓの安定性を評価するべく、以下の実験を行った。 The following experiment was conducted to evaluate the stability of asphalt emulsion As when these three types of materials were used as the settlement suppression material 5 to create the muddy mud prevention material 221.
＜アスファルト乳剤の安定性に関する評価実験＞
まず、上記の３種類の材料をそれぞれ沈降抑制材５として採用し、水に溶解混合して乳剤希釈溶液４を作液した。この乳剤希釈溶液４とアスファルト乳剤Ａｓとを、アスファルト乳剤Ａｓが１６倍相当で希釈されるよう、１００ｍｌの共栓付きメスシリンダーに投入して上下に攪拌し、泥濘化防止材２２１を作成した。
<Evaluation experiment on the stability of asphalt emulsion>
First, each of the above three types of materials was used as the settling-inhibiting material 5, and was dissolved and mixed in water to prepare the diluted emulsion solution 4. This diluted emulsion solution 4 and asphalt emulsion As were poured into a 100 ml measuring cylinder with a stopper and stirred up and down so that the asphalt emulsion As was diluted 16 times, to prepare the muddying prevention material 221.
本実験では図３で示すように、乳剤希釈溶液４の溶液濃度を変えて作成した泥濘化防止材２２１を、エチレングリコールで２種類、ポリビニルアルコールで４種類、グアガムで５種類、それぞれ用意し、合計１１種類の乳剤希釈溶液４を作成した。 In this experiment, as shown in Figure 3, muddying prevention materials 221 were prepared by changing the solution concentration of the diluted emulsion solution 4. Two types were prepared using ethylene glycol, four types using polyvinyl alcohol, and five types using guar gum, resulting in a total of 11 types of diluted emulsion solution 4.
また、比較例として、沈降抑制材５に替えて、アニオン系の材料であるキサンタンガム、ＣＭＣ（Carboxy Methyl Cellulose）を採用し、これを水に添加して比較用乳剤希釈溶液を作液した。また、この比較用乳剤希釈溶液にアスファルト乳剤Ａｓを投入して攪拌し、比較用泥濘化防止材を作成した。 As a comparative example, instead of the settling-inhibiting material 5, anionic materials such as xanthan gum and CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose) were used and added to water to prepare a comparative diluted emulsion solution. In addition, asphalt emulsion As was added to this comparative diluted emulsion solution and stirred to prepare a comparative muddying prevention material.
これら比較用泥濘化防止材も、図３で示すように、比較用乳剤希釈溶液の溶液濃度を変えて作成したものを、ＣＭＣで３種類、キサンタンガムで３種類それぞれ用意し、合計６種類作成した。こうして作成した１１種類の泥濘化防止材２２１及び６種類の比較用泥濘化防止材をそれぞれ７日間静置し、アスファルト分の分離状態や上澄水の様子を目視で観察した。 As shown in Figure 3, these comparative muddying prevention materials were also created by changing the solution concentration of the comparative emulsion dilution solution, with three types prepared using CMC and three types prepared using xanthan gum, for a total of six types. The 11 types of muddying prevention materials 221 and the six types of comparative muddying prevention materials created in this way were each left to stand for seven days, and the state of separation of the asphalt components and the state of the supernatant water were visually observed.
図３を見ると、比較用泥濘化防止材ではいずれも沈降物が存在している。これは、キサンタンガム及びＣＭＣがいずれもアニオン系の材料であるため、水に溶解したときに疎水基のついている部分がマイナス（負）イオンに電離する。これが、アスファルト乳剤Ａｓとして採用したカチオン系乳剤のプラス（陽）イオンと反応し、アスファルト分が分解されて固化し、沈降したものと推定できる。 As can be seen from Figure 3, sediment was present in both of the comparative muddying prevention materials. This is because xanthan gum and CMC are both anionic materials, and when dissolved in water, the parts with hydrophobic groups ionize into negative ions. It can be assumed that these react with the positive ions of the cationic emulsion used as asphalt emulsion As, causing the asphalt components to break down, solidify, and settle.
一方、沈降抑制材５としてエチレングリコールを採用した場合には溶液濃度２０体積％以上、ポリビニルアルコールでは溶液濃度０．１重量％以上、グアァーガムでは溶液濃度０．３重量％以上の場合に、アスファルト乳剤Ａｓが乳剤希釈溶液４中で安定して分散している。したがって、エチレングリコール、ポリビニルアルコール、及びグアガムはいずれも、沈降抑制材５として採用可能な材料であるといえる。 On the other hand, when ethylene glycol is used as the settling-inhibiting material 5, the asphalt emulsion As is stably dispersed in the diluted emulsion solution 4 when the solution concentration is 20% by volume or more, when polyvinyl alcohol is used, the solution concentration is 0.1% by weight or more, and when guar gum is used, the solution concentration is 0.3% by weight or more. Therefore, it can be said that ethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, and guar gum are all materials that can be used as the settling-inhibiting material 5.
しかし、ポリビニルアルコールは、水に溶解する作業時に加熱する必要があるため、施工性の面で劣る。また、エチレングリコールを使用する場合には、乳剤希釈溶液４の溶液濃度を２０体積％以上としなければならず、材料費の観点から経済性に劣る。 However, polyvinyl alcohol is inferior in terms of workability because it needs to be heated when dissolving in water. In addition, when ethylene glycol is used, the solution concentration of the diluted emulsion solution 4 must be 20% by volume or more, which is less economical in terms of material costs.
したがって、沈降抑制材５に採用する材料としては、冷水での完全溶解が可能であり、溶液濃度が少なくとも０．３重量％と少量でも乳剤希釈溶液４中でアスファルト乳剤Ａｓを分散させることの可能な、グァーガムが好適である。そこで、沈降抑制材５にグァーガムを採用して作成した泥濘化防止材２２１の泥濘化防止効果を確認するべく、次のようなの実験を行った。 Therefore, the material suitable for use as the settling-inhibiting material 5 is guar gum, which can be completely dissolved in cold water and can disperse the asphalt emulsion As in the diluted emulsion solution 4 even with a small solution concentration of at least 0.3% by weight. Therefore, the following experiment was conducted to confirm the muddying prevention effect of the muddying prevention material 221 created by using guar gum as the settling-inhibiting material 5.
＜泥濘化防止効果の確認実験＞
実験は、まず、グァーガムを採用した沈降抑制材５を水に添加し、溶液濃度が０．５重量％の乳剤希釈溶液４を作液する。次に、この乳剤希釈溶液４とアスファルト乳剤Ａｓとを混合攪拌し、アスファルト乳剤Ａｓの希釈率が２倍の泥濘化防止材２２１を作成しておく。
<Test to confirm effectiveness in preventing muddy conditions>
In the experiment, the settling-inhibiting material 5 using guar gum is first added to water to prepare a diluted emulsion solution 4 with a solution concentration of 0.5% by weight. Next, this diluted emulsion solution 4 is mixed and stirred with asphalt emulsion As to prepare a muddying prevention material 221 with a dilution rate of twice that of asphalt emulsion As.
その一方で、模擬母材を作製し、ベントナイトと模擬母材が乾燥重量比で１５：８５となるように混合攪拌して模擬ベントナイト混合土２１１’を作製する。模擬母材には珪砂を採用することとし、図４で示す配合で３号珪砂から９号珪砂までを混合し、粒度調整を行った。作成した模擬ベントナイト混合土２１１’に対して、最適含水比１２％となるように加水を行い、均質になるまで混合した。 Meanwhile, a simulated base material was prepared, and the bentonite and the simulated base material were mixed and stirred so that the dry weight ratio was 15:85 to prepare a simulated bentonite mixed soil 211'. Silica sand was used as the simulated base material, and silica sand No. 3 to No. 9 was mixed in the proportions shown in Figure 4, and particle size adjustment was performed. Water was added to the prepared simulated bentonite mixed soil 211' so that the optimal moisture content was 12%, and it was mixed until it became homogeneous.
この加水した模擬ベントナイト混合土２１１’を、図５（ａ）で示すように、円筒状のアクリルモールド６内に投下し、締固め度が９０％相当（乾燥密度１．６１９ｇ/ｃｍ3）となるように突き固めた。模擬ベントナイト混合土２１１’をアクリルモールド６に投下し突き固める作業は複数回に分けて行い、模擬ベントナイト混合土２１１’の高さが、アクリルモールド６の上面高さと一致するよう調整した。 This hydrated simulated bentonite mixed soil 211' was dropped into a cylindrical acrylic mold 6 as shown in Figure 5 (a) and tamped to a compaction degree equivalent to 90% (dry density 1.619 g/ cm3 ). The work of dropping the simulated bentonite mixed soil 211' into the acrylic mold 6 and tamping it was carried out in several steps, and the height of the simulated bentonite mixed soil 211' was adjusted to match the height of the upper surface of the acrylic mold 6.
こうして作成したアクリルモールド６を充填する模擬ベントナイト混合土２１１’の表面に、図５（ｂ）で示すように、あらかじめ作成した泥濘化防止材２２１を均一に塗布し、供試体を作成した。本実験では、図６で示すように、泥濘化防止材２２１の塗布量が異なる３種類の供試体を作成した。 The surface of the simulated bentonite mixed soil 211' used to fill the acrylic mold 6 thus created was uniformly coated with the muddy soil prevention material 221, as shown in FIG. 5(b), to create a test specimen. In this experiment, three types of test specimens were created with different amounts of the muddy soil prevention material 221 applied, as shown in FIG. 6.
また、比較例として、水でアスファルト乳剤Ａｓを２倍に希釈した比較用泥濘化防止材を作成した。これを上記の要領で作成した模擬ベントナイト混合土２１１’の表面に均一に塗布した供試体を作成した。この場合も図６で示すように、比較用泥濘化防止材の塗布量が異なる３種類の供試体を作成した。 As a comparative example, a comparative muddy soil prevention material was created by diluting the asphalt emulsion As twice with water. This was applied evenly to the surface of the simulated bentonite mixed soil 211' created in the above manner to create a test specimen. In this case, too, three types of test specimens were created with different amounts of the comparative muddy soil prevention material applied, as shown in Figure 6.
上記のとおり作成した合計６種類の供試体に各々について、図５（ｃ）で示すように、アクリルモールド６と同一の内径を有し、底部が設けられていない筒状の水槽７をアクリルモールド６の上部に設置し、水槽７内に水道水Ｗ’を注入した。これにより、泥濘化防止材２２１及び比較用泥濘化防止材の表面はそれぞれ、水槽７内の水道水Ｗ’が接触する状態となる。 For each of the six types of test specimens created as described above, a cylindrical water tank 7 with the same inner diameter as the acrylic mold 6 and no bottom was placed on top of the acrylic mold 6, as shown in FIG. 5(c), and tap water W' was poured into the water tank 7. As a result, the surfaces of the muddy water prevention material 221 and the comparative muddy water prevention material were in contact with the tap water W' in the water tank 7.
この状態で２週間静置養生したのち、図５（ｄ）で示すように、水槽７内の水道水ｗ’を排水するとともに水槽７を撤去し、アクリルモールド６内の模擬ベントナイト混合土２１１’の膨潤量ｈを測定した。膨潤量ｈは、アクリルモールド６の上面から模擬ベントナイト混合土２１１’が盛り上がった高さｈを計測することにより把握した。 After leaving it to cure for two weeks in this state, the tap water w' in the water tank 7 was drained and the water tank 7 was removed, as shown in FIG. 5(d), and the swelling amount h of the simulated bentonite mixed soil 211' in the acrylic mold 6 was measured. The swelling amount h was determined by measuring the height h of the simulated bentonite mixed soil 211' raised from the top surface of the acrylic mold 6.
図６をみると、水でアスファルト乳剤Ａｓを希釈した比較用泥濘化防止材を塗布したすべての供試体で、模擬ベントナイト混合土２１１’に膨潤が見られた。特に、塗布量の最も少ない０．６５Ｌ/ｍ2（比較例１）では、２ｍｍ程度の膨潤が見られる。 As shown in Fig. 6, swelling was observed in the simulated bentonite mixed soil 211' in all test specimens to which the comparative muddy soil prevention material, which was made by diluting asphalt emulsion As with water, was applied. In particular, swelling of about 2 mm was observed in the test specimen with the smallest application amount of 0.65 L/ m2 (Comparative Example 1).
これは、水による希釈では、アスファルト乳剤Ａｓが均質に分散されず、図６のイメージで示すように、比較用泥濘化防止材の塗布後に形成される比較用泥濘化防止膜２２’の層厚にムラを生じやすい。このため、層厚の薄い部分から水道水ｗ’の漏れが生じて、模擬ベントナイト混合土２１１’に膨潤を生じさせたものと推定できる。 This is because dilution with water does not allow the asphalt emulsion As to be dispersed homogeneously, and as shown in the image in Figure 6, the thickness of the comparative muddy water prevention film 22' formed after application of the comparative muddy water prevention material is likely to become uneven. For this reason, it can be assumed that tap water w' leaks from the thinner parts of the layer, causing the simulated bentonite mixed soil 211' to swell.
一方、沈降抑制材５にグァーガムを採用して作成した泥濘化防止材２２１は、塗布量にかかわらず模擬ベントナイト混合土２１１’の膨潤が生じていない。特に、０．６Ｌ/ｍ2程度の少ない塗布量（実施例１）であっても高い遮水性能を発揮し、模擬ベントナイト混合土２１１’の泥濘化を防止している様子がわかる。 On the other hand, the muddying prevention material 221 created by using guar gum as the settling-suppressing material 5 did not cause swelling of the simulated bentonite mixed soil 211' regardless of the amount applied. In particular, it can be seen that even a small amount applied (of about 0.6 L/ m2) (Example 1) exhibits high water-proofing performance and prevents the simulated bentonite mixed soil 211' from becoming muddy.
これは、乳剤希釈溶液４を採用して希釈することにより、アスファルト乳剤Ａｓが均質に分散された一様な状態となり、図６のイメージで示すように、泥濘化防止材２２１を塗布することで形成された泥濘化防止膜２２は、凹凸の少ない一様な層厚が形成されたことによるものと推定できる。 This is presumably because, by diluting the asphalt emulsion As using the diluted emulsion solution 4, the asphalt emulsion As becomes homogeneously dispersed and uniform, and as shown in the image in Figure 6, the muddying prevention film 22 formed by applying the muddying prevention material 221 has a uniform layer thickness with few irregularities.
≪遮水層の施工方法≫
上記の沈降抑制材５にグァーガムを採用した泥濘化防止材２２１を用いた遮水層２の施工方法を、図２を参照しつつ以下に説明する。
<Construction method of waterproofing layer>
A method for constructing the water shield layer 2 using the muddy water prevention material 221 in which guar gum is used as the settling suppression material 5 will be described below with reference to FIG.
まず、施工現場で現地発生土等の土砂に、遮水層２に求められる遮水性能を実現可能な量のベントナイトを添加して混合し、ベントナイト混合土２１１を製造しておく。また、沈降抑制材５にグァーガムを採用して乳剤希釈溶液４を作液するとともに、この乳剤希釈溶液４でアスファルト乳剤Ａｓを希釈し、泥濘化防止材２２１を作成しておく。 First, bentonite is added to soil and sand generated at the construction site in an amount sufficient to achieve the waterproofing performance required for the waterproof layer 2, and mixed to produce bentonite-mixed soil 211. In addition, guar gum is used as the settling suppression material 5 to prepare a diluted emulsion solution 4, and asphalt emulsion As is diluted with this diluted emulsion solution 4 to produce a muddying prevention material 221.
このとき、乳剤希釈溶液４の溶液濃度は、０．３～２．０重量％程度が好ましく、アスファルト乳剤Ａｓの希釈率は、２～４倍程度が好ましい。なお、乳剤希釈溶液４の溶液濃度は、０．３重量％未満では、アスファルト乳剤Ａｓの沈降を生じる恐れがあり、２．０重量％を超えるとグァーガムの溶解性が劣るとともに、粘性が過剰となり泥濘化防止材２２１を散布する際の施工性に影響を及ぼす恐れが生じる。 At this time, the solution concentration of the diluted emulsion solution 4 is preferably about 0.3 to 2.0% by weight, and the dilution rate of the asphalt emulsion As is preferably about 2 to 4 times. If the solution concentration of the diluted emulsion solution 4 is less than 0.3% by weight, there is a risk of the asphalt emulsion As settling, and if it exceeds 2.0% by weight, the solubility of the guar gum will be poor and the viscosity will be excessive, which may affect the workability when spraying the muddy soil prevention material 221.
次に、図２（ａ）で示すように、施工対象領域の地盤Ｇ上にベントナイト混合土２１１を撒き出したのち、図２（ｂ）で示すように、ベントナイト混合土２１１の転圧・締固めを行う。これにより、ベントナイト混合土２１１は、均一な層厚を有する透水係数の小さい緻密なベントナイト混合土層２１を形成する。 Next, as shown in FIG. 2(a), the bentonite mixed soil 211 is spread on the ground G in the construction area, and then, as shown in FIG. 2(b), the bentonite mixed soil 211 is compacted. As a result, the bentonite mixed soil 211 forms a dense bentonite mixed soil layer 21 with a uniform layer thickness and a small hydraulic conductivity.
こののち、図２（ｃ）で示すように、ベントナイト混合土層２１の表面に泥濘化防止材２２１を散布もしくは噴射し、所定期間にわたり養生する。すると、泥濘化防止材２２１から分離したアスファルト分が固化し、ベントナイト混合土層２１の表面にアスファルト皮膜である泥濘化防止膜２２を形成する。これにより、地盤Ｇ上にベントナイト混合土層２１と泥濘化防止膜２２よりなる遮水層２が構築される。 After that, as shown in FIG. 2(c), the muddy soil prevention material 221 is spread or sprayed on the surface of the bentonite mixed soil layer 21 and cured for a predetermined period of time. Then, the asphalt portion separated from the muddy soil prevention material 221 solidifies, forming a muddy soil prevention film 22, which is an asphalt film, on the surface of the bentonite mixed soil layer 21. As a result, a water shielding layer 2 consisting of the bentonite mixed soil layer 21 and the muddy soil prevention film 22 is constructed on the ground G.
このとき、泥濘化防止材２２１のアスファルト乳剤Ａｓとして、カチオン系乳剤を採用すると、散布後には水分の蒸発を待たずにアスファルト分が速やかに分離し、半日程度の短期間で泥濘化防止膜２２が形成することができる。 In this case, if a cationic emulsion is used as the asphalt emulsion As of the muddying prevention material 221, the asphalt component will separate quickly after spraying without waiting for the water to evaporate, and the muddying prevention film 22 can be formed in a short period of time, such as about half a day.
上記のとおり、泥濘化防止材２２１を用いた遮水層２の施工方法は、特別な装置を必要とせず、また煩雑な作業も発生しないため、施工性を向上し工期短縮及び工費削減を図りながら、ベントナイト混合土層２１の泥濘化を防止し、高品質な遮水層２を設けることが可能となる。 As described above, the construction method of the waterproof layer 2 using the muddy soil prevention material 221 does not require special equipment and does not involve complicated work, so it is possible to prevent the bentonite mixed soil layer 21 from becoming muddy and provide a high-quality waterproof layer 2 while improving workability, shortening construction time, and reducing construction costs.
また、遮水層２の泥濘化防止膜２２を形成する泥濘化防止材２２１は、非イオン性の沈降抑制材５を水に添加し溶解した乳剤希釈溶液４で、アスファルト乳剤Ａｓを希釈することにより作成される。したがって、アスファルト乳剤Ａｓにカチオン系乳剤を採用した場合にも、アスファルト分が分解されされて固化する、といった現象を生じることがなく、泥濘化防止材２２１にアスファルト乳剤Ａｓが均質に分散された一様な状態を維持できる。 The muddying prevention material 221 that forms the muddying prevention film 22 of the water shielding layer 2 is made by diluting the asphalt emulsion As with a diluted emulsion solution 4 in which a non-ionic settling inhibitor 5 is added and dissolved in water. Therefore, even if a cationic emulsion is used for the asphalt emulsion As, the asphalt component does not decompose and solidify, and the asphalt emulsion As can be maintained in a uniform state in which it is homogeneously dispersed in the muddying prevention material 221.
このため、泥濘化防止材２２１をベントナイト混合土層２１の表面に散布した際、ムラのない略均一な層厚を有する高品質な泥濘化防止膜２２を形成できる。これにより、施工対象領域１ｍ2当たりの散布量を少量に抑えながら、高い遮水性能を発揮してベントナイト混合土層２１の泥濘化を防止することができる。 Therefore, when the muddy soil prevention material 221 is spread on the surface of the bentonite-mixed soil layer 21, a high-quality muddy soil prevention film 22 having a substantially uniform layer thickness without unevenness can be formed. This makes it possible to prevent the bentonite-mixed soil layer 21 from becoming muddy by exerting high water-proofing performance while keeping the amount spread per square meter of the construction area small.
また、沈降抑制材５が水に粘性を付与する性質を有することから、アスファルト乳剤Ａｓの沈降を抑制できるだけでなく、泥濘化防止材２２１に粘性を付与できる。したがって、泥濘化防止材２２１をベントナイト混合土層２１の表面に散布すると、ベントナイト混合土層２１となじみよく密着する泥濘化防止膜２２が形成されるため、両者の隙間にから漏水を生じる現象を抑制することが可能となる。 In addition, because the settling prevention material 5 has the property of imparting viscosity to water, it can not only inhibit the settling of the asphalt emulsion As, but also impart viscosity to the muddying prevention material 221. Therefore, when the muddying prevention material 221 is sprayed on the surface of the bentonite mixed soil layer 21, a muddying prevention film 22 that is intimately attached to the bentonite mixed soil layer 21 is formed, making it possible to suppress the phenomenon of water leakage from the gap between the two.
本発明の泥濘化防止材２２１および遮水層２の施工方法は、上記の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変更が可能である。 The construction method of the muddy water prevention material 221 and the water shielding layer 2 of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
例えば、本実施の形態では、廃棄物処分場１と地盤Ｇとの間に設ける遮水層２を事例に挙げたが、必ずしもこれに限定するものではなく、地盤Ｇ上に設ける遮水層２であれば、いずれの施設に採用してもよい。 For example, in this embodiment, a waterproof layer 2 is provided between a waste disposal site 1 and the ground G, but this is not necessarily limited to this, and any waterproof layer 2 provided on the ground G may be used in any facility.
また、泥濘化防止材２２１は、ベントナイト混合土層２１の表面で泥濘化防止膜２２を形成できれば、その施工方法は、散布、噴射、塗布等、いずれの手段を採用してもよい。 The muddy soil prevention material 221 may be applied by any method, such as spraying, spraying, or coating, as long as it can form a muddy soil prevention film 22 on the surface of the bentonite mixed soil layer 21.
１ 廃棄物処分場
２ 遮水層
２１ ベントナイト混合土層
２１１ ベントナイト混合土
２１１' 模擬ベントナイト混合土
２２ 泥濘化防止膜
２２’ 比較用泥濘化防止膜
２２１ 泥濘化防止材
３ 廃棄物
４ 乳剤希釈溶液
５ 沈降抑制材
６ アクリルモールド
７ 水槽
Ｇ 地盤
Ｗ 水
Ｗ’ 水道水
Ａｓ アスファルト乳剤
Reference Signs List 1 Waste disposal site 2 Water impermeable layer 21 Bentonite mixed soil layer 211 Bentonite mixed soil 211' Simulated bentonite mixed soil 22 Muddying prevention film 22' Comparative muddying prevention film 221 Muddying prevention material 3 Waste 4 Diluted emulsion solution 5 Settling suppression material 6 Acrylic mold 7 Water tank G Ground W Water W' Tap water As Asphalt emulsion
Claims (3)
アスファルト乳剤と、該アスファルト乳剤を希釈する乳剤希釈溶液と、を備え、
前記アスファルト乳剤は、カオチン系乳剤であり、
前記乳剤希釈溶液が、グァーガムを水に添加し、溶解したものであることを特徴とする泥濘化防止材。 A muddy soil prevention material that prevents a bentonite layer from becoming muddy after it is laid by compacting a bentonite-mixed soil spread on the ground,
An asphalt emulsion and an emulsion dilution solution for diluting the asphalt emulsion,
The asphalt emulsion is a cationic emulsion,
A muddy water prevention material, characterized in that the diluted emulsion solution is obtained by adding and dissolving guar gum in water.
前記アスファルト乳剤を希釈する前の前記乳剤希釈溶液の溶液濃度が、０．３重量％以上２．０重量％以下であることを特徴とする泥濘化防止材。 The mud prevention material according to claim 1,
A muddy water prevention material, characterized in that the solution concentration of the diluted emulsion solution before diluting the asphalt emulsion is 0.3% by weight or more and 2.0% by weight or less .
地盤上にベントナイト混合土を撒き出し、転圧締固めてベントナイト層を敷設する工程と、
前記ベントナイト層の表面を、前記泥濘化防止材により形成される泥濘化防止膜で皮膜する工程と、を備えることを特徴とする遮水層の施工方法。 A method for constructing a water shielding layer using the muddy water prevention material according to claim 1 or 2 ,
A process of spreading bentonite mixed soil on the ground, compacting it, and laying a bentonite layer;
and coating a surface of the bentonite layer with a muddy water prevention film formed from the muddy water prevention material.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2000212932A (en) | 1999-01-22 | 2000-08-02 | Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd | Impervious layer |
| JP2000328544A (en) | 1999-05-20 | 2000-11-28 | Seiichi Narishima | Laying of the impermeable layer at the bottom of the final disposal site, etc. |
| JP2004358297A (en) | 2003-06-02 | 2004-12-24 | Taisei Corp | Impervious layer and method of constructing the same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2000212932A (en) | 1999-01-22 | 2000-08-02 | Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd | Impervious layer |
| JP2000328544A (en) | 1999-05-20 | 2000-11-28 | Seiichi Narishima | Laying of the impermeable layer at the bottom of the final disposal site, etc. |
| JP2004358297A (en) | 2003-06-02 | 2004-12-24 | Taisei Corp | Impervious layer and method of constructing the same |
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