JP7557946B2 - Ceiling base structure and building construction method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a ceiling substructure and a building construction method.

The ceilings of buildings are sometimes made double ceilings to ensure space for placing electrical wires and to improve design. In a double ceiling structure, a ceiling base structure is provided at the bottom end of the ceiling slab (floor slab), and the ceiling finishing material is attached to the ceiling base structure. As disclosed in Patent Document 1, a typical ceiling base structure has a structure that includes a siding and a siding support that supports it. The siding support and the siding are arranged perpendicular to each other, and the siding support is fixed to the ceiling slab via a hanging stud.

Patent No. 5636218

The floor height per floor of a building can be restricted by various factors. In order to ensure interior height while adhering to such restrictions, it is effective to reduce the required height of the ceiling substructure.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a ceiling underlayment structure with a reduced height and a building construction method using the same.

The ceiling foundation structure of the present invention includes a fixing member supported by a ceiling slab and extending in a first direction, first and second sill supports attached to the fixing member on both sides of the fixing member and extending parallel to the fixing member, first and second sill supports whose ends are supported by the first and second sill supports and extend in opposite directions from the ends in a second direction intersecting the first direction to support a ceiling finishing material, a first plate member arranged on the upper surface of the fixing member, a stud fixed to an embedded metal fitting provided in the ceiling slab, and a lower nut screwed onto the stud. The fixing member, the first and second sill supports, and the first and second sill supports are arranged at the same height. The fixing member has a through hole through which the stud is inserted, the first plate member has a hole formed with a female thread that engages with the stud, and the lower nut screwed onto the stud below the fixing member. The first and second sill supports have lower horizontal portions, the fixing member has a horizontal portion with a through hole formed therein, and the lower horizontal portions of the first and second sill supports are fixed to the horizontal portion.

The construction method of the present invention for a building includes: supporting a fixing member extending in a first direction and having a through hole on a ceiling slab; attaching first and second sill supports extending parallel to the fixing member to the fixing member on both sides of the fixing member; attaching the first and second sill supports to the first and second sill supports so that the ends of the first and second sill supports are supported by the first and second sill supports and extend in opposite directions from the ends in a second direction intersecting the first direction; and attaching a ceiling finishing material to the first and second sills. Supporting the fixing member on the ceiling slab includes fixing a stud to an embedded metal fitting provided on the ceiling slab, engaging the stud with the female thread of a first plate member having a hole with a female thread formed therein, arranging the fixing member under the first plate member so that the stud passes through the through hole, and screwing a lower nut onto the stud from below the fixing member. The fixing member, the first and second sill support, and the first and second sills are arranged at the same height , and the dimension of the stud of the first plate member in the longitudinal direction is smaller than the dimension of the lower nut in the longitudinal direction .

According to the present invention, the fixing members, the first and second sill supports, and the first and second sills are positioned at the same height, making it possible to provide a ceiling underlayment structure with a reduced height and a building construction method using the same.

1 is an exploded perspective view of a ceiling foundation structure according to a first embodiment. FIG. FIG. 2 is a ceiling plan illustrating an example of an area to which the ceiling underlayment structure is applied. FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of the ceiling base structure shown in FIG. 1 . 1 is a diagram illustrating the effect of the ceiling foundation structure according to the first embodiment. FIG. A partially enlarged view of a ceiling foundation structure relating to a second embodiment. A partially enlarged view of a ceiling foundation structure relating to a third embodiment.

Below, an embodiment of the ceiling underlayment structure and building construction method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description and drawings, the X direction (first direction) is the direction in which the fixing members and siding supports extend, and the Y direction (second direction) is the direction in which the siding extends. The X and Y directions are horizontal directions that are parallel to the bottom end of the ceiling slab and perpendicular to each other. The Z direction is the vertical direction, and is perpendicular to the X and Y directions. This embodiment is intended for a slab-type apartment building.

First Embodiment
Fig. 1(a) is an exploded perspective view of the ceiling foundation structure 1 according to the first embodiment, and Fig. 1(b) is a partially enlarged view thereof. Fig. 2 is a ceiling plan illustrating an example of an area to which the ceiling foundation structure 1 of the present embodiment is applied. Fig. 3(a) is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in Fig. 2, and Fig. 3(b) is a cross-sectional view (plan view) taken along line B-B in Fig. 3(a).

The ceiling underlayment structure 1 has a number of sidings 2 that support the ceiling finishing material 6, and a number of siding supports 3 that support the sidings 2. The sidings 2 and the siding supports 3 extend in the Y and X directions, respectively. The sidings 2 are hollow beams with a square or rectangular cross section formed by bending a metal plate. Electric wires 13 for lighting are installed on the sidings 2. The siding supports 3 are beams with a U-shaped cross section formed by bending a metal plate. The siding supports 3 are composed of an upper horizontal section 31 with a horizontal upper surface, a lower horizontal section 32 with a horizontal lower surface, and a vertical section 33 that connects the upper horizontal section 31 and the lower horizontal section 32.

Referring to FIG. 2, the siding 2 is divided into four in the Y direction in the living/dining/kitchen area, and two siding supports 3 and one fixing member 4 are provided between each row of siding 2. The siding 2 is divided into two in the Y direction in the bedroom BR, and two siding supports 3 and one fixing member 4 are provided between the two rows of siding 2. The siding supports 3 on the wall side are directly supported on the wall 8 by metal fittings (not shown) embedded in the wall 8. The end 21 of the siding 2 is fitted into and supported by the opening 34 of the siding support 3. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the openings 34 of the two siding supports 3 supporting both ends 21 of the siding 2 face each other in the Y direction, and the siding 2 is supported by these two openings 34. The length of the siding 2 is shorter than the distance between the vertical parts 33 of the pair of siding supports 3 supporting the siding 2. This allows the siding 2 to be inserted into the openings 34 of the two siding receivers 3 while angled relative to the Y direction, and then the siding 2 can be rotated in the Y direction, making it easy to fix the siding 2 to the siding receivers 3. The siding 2 is fixed to the siding receivers 3 with screws (not shown). The finishing material 6 is made of gypsum board, and is fixed to the bottom surface 22 of the siding 2 with screws or adhesive. Vinyl cloth (not shown) is attached to the surface of the finishing material 6. The surface of the finishing material 6 can also be finished by painting, base finishing, etc.

The fixing member 4 is a beam that extends parallel to the siding support 3, i.e., in the X direction. The fixing member 4 is supported on the ceiling slab 7 via a plurality of studs 9 arranged at a fixed pitch. The fixing member 4 is a steel beam with a roughly U-shaped cross section, and is composed of a central horizontal section 41 and a pair of vertical sections 42 connected to both ends of the horizontal section 41. The horizontal section 41 is connected to the upper end of the vertical section 42, and the lower surface of the fixing member 4 is an opening 43. The horizontal section 41 has a through hole 44 through which the stud 9 is inserted. The through hole 44 is a long hole with a width (Y direction dimension) larger than the outer diameter of the stud 9 and a long axis in the X direction. By making it a long hole, it is easy to position the fixing member 4 in the X direction relative to the stud 9 or the ceiling slab 7. A pair of siding supports 3 are attached to both sides of the fixing member 4 in the Y direction, i.e., to a pair of vertical sections 42 of the fixing member 4. Hereinafter, these siding supports 3 will be referred to as the first siding support 3A and the second siding support 3B. The siding 2 supported by the first siding support 3A is called the first siding 2A, and the siding 2 supported by the second siding support 3B is called the second siding 2B. The first siding 2A and the second siding 2B have their respective ends 21 supported by the first siding support 3A and the second siding support 3B, and extend from their respective ends 21 in opposite directions in the Y direction. The opposing vertical portions 33 of the first and second siding supports 3A and 3B are fixed to a pair of vertical portions 42 of the fixing member 4 by screws 11.

The first plate member 5 is disposed on the upper surface of the horizontal portion 41 of the fixing member 4. The first plate member 5 has a female-threaded hole 51 that engages with the stud 9, and is used to adjust the level of the soffit support 3. The shape of the first plate member 5 is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected from a circle, a square, a polygon, etc. As shown by the dashed line in Figure 3, a nut (upper nut 5A) may be used instead of the plate member 5. In this case, the upper nut 5A and the lower nut 10 are disposed on both sides of the fixing member 4. Since general-purpose nuts can be used, costs can be reduced.

The stud 9 is screwed into the threaded hole of the embedded metal fitting 12 installed in the ceiling slab 7. The stud 9 engages with the female thread cut in the hole 51 of the first plate member 5, passes through the through hole 44 of the fixing member 4, and is screwed into the lower nut 10 below the fixing member 4, more precisely on the underside of the horizontal part 41.

In this embodiment, the fixing member 4, the first and second sill supports 3A, 3B, and the first and second sill supports 2A, 2B are arranged at the same height (Z direction position). This makes it possible to reduce the required height of the ceiling base structure 1. The advantages of this are explained with reference to Figure 4.

Figure 4(a) is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a part of a conventional apartment house. The ceiling slab 107 of the apartment house is at different levels depending on the location, and for example, there is a step between the balcony BAL and the living/dining/kitchen area. The ceiling slab 107 of the living/dining/kitchen area (which becomes a floor slab on the upper floors) is a double floor, so the floor surface 14 of the living/dining/kitchen area is slightly higher than the balcony BAL. The ceiling is provided with a finishing material 6 supported by a conventional ceiling base structure, and the interior height H1 of the dwelling unit is determined by the distance between the floor surface 14 and the finishing material 6. On the other hand, there are drain pipes 15 connected to the kitchen, toilet, etc. under the floor, and the drain pipe 15 from the bathroom in particular has a large diameter. For this reason, it is necessary to partially lower the ceiling slab 107 to accommodate these drain pipes 15 (part A in the figure). However, since the level of the floor surface 14 needs to be as constant as possible within the dwelling unit, a lowered ceiling is generated and the interior height H1 of the dwelling unit is partially reduced. This not only impairs the comfort of the dwelling unit, but also leads to a complication of the building structure and a decrease in workability. This problem can be solved by increasing the floor height H per floor, but the floor height H is subject to various constraints and cannot be easily changed.

Figure 4 (b) is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a part of a dwelling unit of an apartment house to which the ceiling base structure 1 of this embodiment is applied. The floor height H of the floor is the same as that of Figure 4 (a). However, since the height of the ceiling base structure 1 is reduced, the height from the bottom end of the ceiling slab 7 to the bottom end of the finishing material 6 (height of the double ceiling part) h is reduced. As a result, the floor surface 14 can be raised while maintaining the same indoor height H1 as before. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a step in the ceiling slab 7 while maintaining the underfloor height to accommodate the drain pipe 15, or the height of the step is reduced. The conventional ceiling base structure is a two-stage structure in which a siding support is provided on the upper surface of the siding, and the siding and the siding support intersect three-dimensionally. In this embodiment, the conventional siding support is divided into two, and the siding support 3 is passed between them, so that the siding 2 and the siding support 3 can intersect at a level. In addition, the fixing member 4 for fixing the siding support 3 to the ceiling slab 7 is also provided on the side of the siding support 3, so that the fixing member 4 does not affect the height of the ceiling base structure 1. In conventional ceiling foundation structures, the height h of the double ceiling section must be at least 100 mm, but in this embodiment, this can be reduced to about 50 mm. If the reduction of 50 mm is entirely redirected to an increase in the underfloor space, sufficient space can be obtained to accommodate the drain pipe 15 without creating a step in the ceiling slab 7.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, the fixing member 4 and the lower nut 10 are positioned between the first sill support 3A and the second sill support 3B and do not protrude downward. Therefore, the underside of the ceiling substructure 1 is substantially flat, making it possible to make the ceiling surface flat when viewed from inside the room.

The ceiling base structure 1 of this embodiment is constructed as follows. In the following description, it is assumed that the first plate member 5 is provided, but the same construction is possible when the upper nut 5A is provided. First, the fixing member 4 extending in the Y direction is supported by the ceiling slab 7. Specifically, the first plate member 5 is rotated and passed through the stud 9, and the hole 51 of the first plate member 5 is screwed into the stud 9. As shown in FIG. 1, since the ceiling base structure 1 is suspended by a plurality of studs 9, the holes 51 of the other first plate members 5 are similarly screwed into the stud 9. Next, these studs 9 are passed through the corresponding through holes 44 of the fixing member 4. The order in which the through holes 44 and the holes 51 are passed through the studs 9 does not matter. The fixing member 4 and the plurality of first plate members 5 are temporarily fixed by the lower nut 10. Next, in this state, the studs 9 are screwed into the screw holes of the plurality of embedded metal fittings 12, respectively. Next, each first plate member 5 is rotated to adjust the distance between the ceiling slab 7 and the first plate members 5 to a specified value. The distance between the ceiling slab 7 and the first plate members 5 can be adjusted by a general method such as using a tape measure. The fixing member 4 is brought into close contact with the first plate members 5, and the lower nuts 10 are fully tightened to fix each siding support 3 at a specified height. The installation of the siding support 3 along the wall 8 is carried out prior to or in parallel with the above work.

Next, the first and second sill supports 3A, 3B extending parallel to the fixing member 4 are attached to the fixing member 4 on both sides of the fixing member 4. The screws 11 are fastened from the openings 34 of the first and second sill supports 3A, 3B toward the fixing member 4, but may also be fastened from the openings 43 of the fixing member 4 toward the first and second sill supports 3A, 3B. Alternatively, the first and second sill supports 3A, 3B can be attached to the fixing member 4 by a method such as heat fusion. Next, the first and second sill supports 2A, 2B are attached to the first and second sill supports 3A, 3B. As described above, the sill 2 is once tilted with respect to the Y direction and inserted into the openings 34 of the first and second sill supports 3A, 3B, then rotated in the Y direction and fixed to the first and second sill supports 3A, 3B with screws (not shown). Finally, the ceiling finishing material 6 is attached to the sill 2.

Second Embodiment
FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 3 of the ceiling foundation structure 1 according to the second embodiment. Here, differences from the first embodiment will be described. Points that are omitted are the same as those in the first embodiment. The fixing member 4 is composed of a horizontal portion 45 provided with a through hole 44 similar to that in the first embodiment. The fixing member 4 is a long plate extending in the X direction. The fixing member 4 has a width (Y direction dimension) that overlaps with the lower horizontal portion 32 of the first and second furring beam receivers 3A and 3B when viewed from the Z direction, and the lower surface of the lower horizontal portion 32 of the first and second furring beam receivers 3A and 3B is fixed to the horizontal portion 45 with a screw 11. Therefore, it is possible to provide the first and second furring beam receivers 3A and 3B higher than in the first embodiment. The Z-direction positions of the first and second sill supports 3A, 3B can be determined by the arrangement space of the electric wires 13 installed on the first and second sills 2A, 2B, the space required for the construction of the first and second sills 2A, 2B, etc., so the height of the ceiling base structure 1 can be further reduced compared to the first embodiment. Furthermore, the work of fixing the first and second sill supports 3A, 3B to the fixing member 4 with the screws 11 can be performed from below, improving workability. In this embodiment, the tip of the stud 9 and the lower nut 10 protrude below the horizontal part 45, so the finishing material 6 also partially lowers accordingly. However, only a localized protrusion of the ceiling surface occurs, and the impact on habitability is limited. In addition, it is possible to thicken the finishing material 6 to match this protrusion, which can also provide secondary effects such as improved soundproofing.

Third Embodiment
FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 3 of the ceiling foundation structure 1 according to the third embodiment. Here, differences from the second embodiment will be described. The points omitted are the same as those in the second embodiment. In this embodiment, a first plate member 52 having the same configuration as the plate member 5 in the second embodiment and a second plate member 53 having a hole 54 with a female thread formed therein to engage with a stud 9 are provided. The second plate member 53 engages with the upper surface of the upper horizontal portion 31 of the first and second sill supports 3A, 3B. The first and second sill supports 3A, 3B are not only supported from below by the horizontal portion 45 of the fixing member 4, but are also held from above by the second plate member 53, improving stability. As shown by the dashed line, the first plate member 52 and the second plate member 53 may be integrated with a connecting member 55. This fixes the distance between the first plate member 52 and the second plate member 53, improving the effect of fixing the first and second sill supports 3A, 3B. Furthermore, by rotating the first plate member 52, the second plate member 53 also moves up and down together, which improves workability.

Although the present invention has been described above using several embodiments, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. For example, in each of the above-mentioned embodiments, the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, but may intersect at an angle other than 90 degrees. Buildings to which the present invention can be applied are not limited to slab-type apartment buildings, but also include any buildings to which a ceiling underlayment structure can be applied, such as other homes and offices.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 Ceiling underlayment structure 2 Rafter 2A First rafter 2B Second rafter 3 Rafter support 3A First rafter support 3B Second rafter support 4 Fixing member 5 Plate member 5A Upper nut 6 Finishing material 7 Ceiling slab 9 Stud 10 Lower nut 31 Upper horizontal portion 32 Lower horizontal portion 33 Vertical portion 41, 45 Horizontal portion 44 Through hole 51 Hole 52 First plate member 53 Second plate member X First direction Y Second direction

Claims (3)

A fixing member supported by the ceiling slab and extending in a first direction;
First and second sill supports attached to the fixing member on both sides of the fixing member and extending parallel to the fixing member;
A first and a second siding are supported at their ends by the first and the second siding supports, and extend from the ends in opposite directions to each other in a second direction intersecting the first direction to support a finishing material of a ceiling;
a first plate member disposed on an upper surface of the fixing member;
A stud fixed to an embedded metal fitting provided in the ceiling slab;
a lower nut that threadably engages the stud;
The fixing member, the first and second sill supports, and the first and second sills are arranged at the same height,
the fixing member has a through hole through which the stud is inserted, the first plate member has a hole formed with an internal thread that engages with the stud, and the lower nut is screwed onto the stud below the fixing member;
The first and second sill supports have lower horizontal portions,
the fixing member has a horizontal portion in which the through hole is provided,
A ceiling substructure, in which the lower horizontal portions of the first and second soffit supports are fixed to the horizontal portion. a second plate member having an internally threaded hole for engaging said stud;
The ceiling substructure according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second soffit supports have upper horizontal portions, and the upper horizontal portions of the first and second soffit supports engage with the second plate member. The ceiling substructure according to claim 2 , wherein the first plate member and the second plate member are integrated together.

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