JP7584885B2 - Natural Hydrocarbon/Ester Compositions with Improved Sensory Properties, Formulations, and Related Methods - Google Patents

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/637,129, filed March 1, 2018, entitled "Natural Hydrocarbon/Ester Compositions With Improved Sensory Properties, Formulations and Related Methods," the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Personal care and cosmetic products attract consumers not only due to concerns about beauty and hygiene, but also as a means of social integration and health. However, among all the attributes of such products, consumers mainly rely on the sensory aspects to decide whether to purchase the same product again. Most personal care and cosmetic carriers are compositions of both aqueous and oil phases stabilized according to the rules of emulsion technology, but all-oil, alcohol-based, or other solvent-based, or aqueous-based formulations are also options.

When water or any other volatile materials are present in a personal care product that is applied, for example, to the skin, those materials evaporate after application due to normal body heat. Non-volatile ingredients, such as emollient oils, are left behind. Emollient oils condition the skin, hair, or nails. Conditioning can mean refatting, lubricating, softening and smoothing, and/or reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

While many emollient oils are effective at conditioning the skin, many can leave the skin feeling uncomfortable, greasy, or undesirably shiny after application. Effective conditioning without the aforementioned negative attributes is often desired, and effective conditioning in a platform that provides an after-feel that can be described as "light" is highly desired by consumers.

One aspect that strongly influences the achievement of "lightness", in addition to the properties of the oils themselves, is the thickness of the residual oil layer left on the treated surface. The property of "spreadability" refers to the ability of a liquid substance to spread over a particular substrate surface, i.e., the speed at which the liquid travels from the applied area to the surrounding areas and the distance from the applied area. For example, in skin applications, the spreadability of a material influences its residual thickness and is related to the user's perception of "lightness". A material that is easier to spread is associated with a larger applied area and therefore leaves a thinner film behind.

Ease of application is also related to viscosity, the affinity of the liquid to the substrate (adhesion), and the affinity of the liquid to itself (stickiness). For this reason, low viscosity liquids may spread slower than higher viscosity liquids. As an example, water, a highly polar, very low viscosity liquid, does not spread at all on Teflon™ (polytetrafluoroethylene), a non-polar surface material. Water has a high affinity to itself and no affinity to Teflon™.

Fatty acid ester oils ("esters") are used as emollients and conditioning agents and are included in compositions for use on keratinized surfaces such as skin, hair, and nails. The ester bond in ester materials is polar. Keratinized surfaces such as skin, hair, and nails are also polar. This makes the esters adhesive to these substrates.

Esters adhere via polar-polar interactions, which is why they provide conditioning benefits, especially to the skin. This polar-polar interaction also causes the ester molecules to adhere to themselves, making them sticky and less easy to apply.

Traditional personal care products have relied on petrochemical-derived esters that are delivered to the skin or "silicone fluid"/hair/nails in a volatile carrier or solvent, such as silicone oils or fluids. Volatile silicone oils, such as cyclomethicone and low molecular weight dimethicones, are non-polar in nature and therefore have poor adhesion and poor tack. Silicone oils have low contact angles on hair and skin, which correlates with faster application, and are volatile, i.e., they evaporate from the surface at room temperature. Due to their volatility, silicone oils do not remain on the substrate, and therefore do not function as emollients or conditioning agents. However, silicone oils are useful for delivering other ingredients, such as non-volatile emollients, actives, and higher viscosity esters, to substrates in applications such as antiperspirants. When blended with other ingredients, such as emollients and polymers, silicone oils increase the overall ease of application on the material and leave a thinner residual layer on the skin surface, providing a desirable lighter skin feel. However, silicone oils are also derived from petrochemicals.

The trend away from the use of petrochemical-derived raw materials in personal and home care remains strong. Products derived from renewable resources, such as vegetable/plant materials, can be presented to consumers as "natural" as opposed to petrochemical-derived materials. Furthermore, many manufacturers prefer to avoid "palm oil" derived raw materials derived from plants of the Elaeus or Attalea genus, e.g., African oil palm Elaeis oleifera, Elaeis guineessis, and/or Maripa palm Attalea maripa, given concerns related to deforestation, microclimate change, and habitat destruction of native species.

To date, several 100% plant-derived low-viscosity esters have been developed and commercialized, including LexFeel Natural (heptyl undecylenate, INOLEX, Inc., USA), SustOleo DCS (diisooctyl succinate, INOLEX, Inc., USA), and SustOleo MCT (triheptanoin, INOLEX, Inc., USA). Furthermore, none of these products are derived from palm oil.

Hydrocarbon fluids are also known for use as carrier fluids and solvents. Many are volatile and, like volatile silicones, non-polar, resulting in low contact angles that correlate with faster application onto substrates. For example, the Parafol (Sasol, Germany) series of linear hydrocarbons is derived from both coconut and oil palm sources. Another example is Neossance Hemisqualane (Amyris, USA), a hydrogenated farnesene of a branched chain hydrocarbon material containing a total of 15 carbon atoms.

The parent material, farnesene, is derived from sugar cane fermentation, as described, for example, in WO2017059136, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The use of ester oils blended with hydrocarbons has been disclosed. For example, US Pat. No. 5,399,433 describes a mixture of esters derived from neopentyl glycol and isododecane to reproduce the feel of cyclomethicone liquid, but these mixtures cannot be labeled as natural because they are derived from materials of petrochemical origin.

US Patent No. 5,399, 667 discloses a mixture of coconut-derived straight-chain hydrocarbons and non-volatile oils that purportedly mimic the feel of silicone. The branches in the alkane structures cannot pack together as tightly as straight-chain alkanes, providing a lighter feel.

International Publication No. 2004103308 International Publication No. 2010115973

There is a need in the industry for an efficient method to improve the spreadability of non-volatile liquid emollient esters to improve tactile feel. Surprisingly, while studying the spreadability of emollients on skin and skin-like substrates, the present inventors have found a method to improve the spreadability of the esters that results in improved sensory properties.

Described herein is an invention that includes a spreadable conditioning composition that includes a blend of branched chain hydrocarbons and esters having a kinematic viscosity of about 100 centistokes or less. The composition can be natural, for example, where each of the branched chain hydrocarbons and esters is independently derived from a plant. Additionally, the composition can be devoid of palm oil derived ingredients. In some embodiments, the composition is a blend of hydrogenated farnesene and an ester selected from glyceryl triheptanoate, dicapryl succinate, heptyl undecylenate, and mixtures thereof. The composition exhibits an average extension rate of about 4 to about 8.

Also disclosed are formulations for use in personal care, home/institutional care, industrial, pharmaceutical and medical, and veterinary care products.

The present invention includes a method of making a surface conditioning formulation comprising mixing the above-described composition with additional ingredients, such as, for example, surfactants, colorants, detergents, mechanical sunscreens, fragrances, chelating agents, antioxidants, UV absorbing compounds, particulates, and solvents, or a method of making a natural composition having an average spreading rate of about 4 to about 8, comprising blending a natural branched chain hydrocarbon with a natural ester having a kinematic viscosity of about 100 centistokes or less.

Methods of using the compositions include, for example, a method of increasing the ease of application of a conditioning agent comprising combining the conditioning agent with a branched chain hydrocarbon, the conditioning agent being an ester having a kinematic viscosity of about 100 centistokes or less, and a method of delivering a material to a surface by applying a formulation of the invention to the surface, the formulation comprising the composition of the invention and additional ingredients, such as, for example, UV absorbers, biologics, polishes, antimicrobials, antioxidants, mica, glitter, pigments, rust inhibitors, anti-tarnish agents, bleaches, and self-tanners.

The above summary and the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention may be better understood when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there are shown in the drawings embodiments which may be preferred. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the precise installations and equipment shown.

At least one color photographic drawing is included herein. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee.

FIG. 1 shows chemical structures of exemplary components of the compositions of the present invention. 1 is a chart showing values for various physical and chemical properties of inventive and comparative compositions. 1 is a photograph of an exemplary experimental setup used to assess mean expansion velocity. 1 is a chart showing the average extension velocity data collected for each sample. 1 is a photograph demonstrating reduced whitening for an antiperspirant composition made according to the present invention. 1 is a photograph demonstrating reduced whitening for an antiperspirant composition made according to the present invention. 1 is a photograph demonstrating reduced whitening for an antiperspirant composition made according to the present invention. Photographs illustrating the difference in color payoff between various samples. Photographs illustrating the difference in color payoff between various samples. FIG. 1 is a graphical representation of sensory data obtained from a test panel.

The invention described herein includes conditioning or emollient compositions that provide a wide variety of benefits in addition to their conditioning properties. For example, when applied to the skin or other keratinized surfaces, the compositions have a high average spread rate, resulting in a composition that conditions the surface while providing the user with a "light" skinfeel rather than a greasy skinfeel. The compositions can be formulated to be 100% natural, as all of the ingredients can be of vegetable origin. Meanwhile, the use of palm oil-derived ingredients can be avoided. The scope of the invention includes, but is not limited to, the compositions themselves, methods of using and/or making the compositions, emollient esters, methods of improving the average spread rate of end products, such as personal care, pharmaceutical, or industrial, institutional and/or home care products, or formulations that include the compositions, and methods of conditioning a surface, such as a keratinized surface, fabric, or fabric, by applying a composition of the invention.

As used herein, "conditioning" means accomplishing one or more of the following: fattifying, lubricating, smoothing, softening, patinating, and/or reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on living skin. Thus, a "conditioning agent" is a material that can chemically accomplish one or more of the following: fattifying, lubricating, smoothing, softening, patinating, and/or reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on living skin.

If desired, the conditioning compositions of the present invention can be formulated to be 100% natural, i.e., free of any petrochemical-derived ingredients. In some embodiments, all of the components of the compositions are obtained from botanical and plant (i.e., "botanical") sources. Such sources may include, but are not limited to, Pruna, palm, coconut, oil palm, almond, castor, corn (maize), cottonseed, flaxseed, hemp seed, nuts, olive, peanut, safflower, sesame, soybean, sunflower, jojoba, and combinations thereof.

In the practice of the present invention, each of the ester(s), the branched chain hydrocarbon, and/or any additional ingredients may be plant-derived (i.e., "natural"). When all ingredients are plant-derived, the entire composition or formulation may be referred to as "natural."

The present invention includes an ester or mixture of esters that can act as an emollient or conditioning agent. Any ester or esters may be used. However, it may be preferred that the ester selected has a kinematic viscosity of about 100 centistokes or less, alternatively about 75 centistokes or less, about 50 centistokes or less, or about 25 centistokes or less, when the viscosity is measured by the protocol set forth in ASTM Method D445 (see Appendix A), American Society for Testing and Materials, Conshohocken, New York.

In some embodiments, the ester selected has from about 1 to about 15 ester bonds, i.e., about 2, about 3, about 4, about 5, about 6, or about 7 ester bonds. The bonds may be on the backbone or on the substituents of the ester molecule, although it may be preferred that at least 1 to 4 bonds are in the backbone of the ester molecule.

Esters of any size/molecular weight can be used, but in some embodiments, the esters have a total of about 15-30 carbons.

In some embodiments, the ester is selected from glyceryl triesters of medium chain carboxylic acids, diesters of medium chain diacids and medium chain linear or branched alcohols, monoesters of medium chain carboxylic acids and medium chain alcohols, and mixtures thereof (in all instances, "medium chain" is a hydrocarbon chain of about 6 to about 10 carbon atoms). The ester may be, for example, one or more of glyceryl triheptanoate, dicapryl succinate, heptyl undecylenate, and mixtures thereof. Chemical structures of these exemplary esters are shown in FIG. 1. These materials can be purchased from INOLEX, Inc., for example, as SustOleo DCS, SustOleo MCT, and LexFeel Natural.

The present invention includes hydrocarbons, preferably branched chain hydrocarbons. With reference to the IUPAC nomenclature rules, in certain embodiments, branched chain hydrocarbons include a hydrocarbon backbone with at least one substituted chain (i.e., a "branch"). Branched chain hydrocarbons can contain any number of carbon atoms in total (i.e., the backbone plus the substituted chain(s) or branches) and/or in the backbone alone in the absence of branches.

In some embodiments, it may be preferred that the branched chain hydrocarbons contain a total of about 10 to about 70, about 20 to about 50, or about 30 to about 40 carbon atoms. In some types of compositions of the present invention, the branched chain hydrocarbons contain a total of about 9, about 10, about 11, about 12, about 13, about 14, and about 15, about 16, about 17, about 18, or about 19 carbon atoms.

With respect to the hydrocarbon backbone, in some embodiments it may be desirable for the hydrocarbon backbone to have from 5 to 50, or from 10 to 30 carbon atoms.

In certain embodiments, the substituted chain(s) may be independently preferred to be a methyl group (-CH ₃ ). Alternatively, the substituted chains may independently have any number of carbon atoms, i.e., ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, and/or heptyl. All the substituted chain(s) on a given hydrocarbon backbone may be the same or different.

As indicated above, the hydrocarbons are branched in that they have a hydrocarbon backbone with at least one substituted chain or "branch." In some embodiments, the branched hydrocarbons have at least 3 branches, or about 2 to about 10 branches, about 4 or about 5 branches, on or extending from the hydrocarbon backbone.

In any embodiment that may be preferred, the branched chain hydrocarbon has a total carbon atom content represented by "X" and the hydrocarbon backbone has a carbon atom content represented by "Y". "X" is an integer between 13 and 50 and "Y" is between 10 and 30 carbon atoms. Alternatively, "X" is 15 carbon atoms and "Y" is 12 carbon atoms. In such examples, the carbon atoms not present in the hydrocarbon backbone (i.e., the difference between X and Y (e.g., X-Y)) serve to form one or more replacement chains from the hydrocarbon backbone.

In one embodiment, the branched chain hydrocarbon is a hydrogenated farnesene, the structure of which is shown in Figure 1.

Regardless of the specific structure, it may be preferred that the branched chain hydrocarbon(s) selected have a kinematic viscosity of about 100 centistokes or less, or about 80 centistokes or less, about 60 centistokes or less, or about 30 centistokes or less, when the viscosity is measured by the protocol set forth in ASTM Method D445 (see Appendix A), American Society for Testing and Materials, Conshohocken, New York.

The compositions are prepared by mixing the fluids in a suitable container until homogeneous. The amount of each of the ester and branched chain hydrocarbon components will vary depending on several factors, such as the particular components selected, the inclusion of other ingredients, the final product being formulated, and the final properties desired. In general, it may be preferred that the branched chain hydrocarbons and esters are present in a relative weight ratio (wt. % hydrocarbon:wt. % ester) that is one of about 2:about 3, about 1:about 2.5, about 1:about 1, or about 2.5:about 1.

The composition may be pre-prepared, for example as a concentrate or mixture, and applied directly to a surface. Alternatively, the composition may be subsequently incorporated into a second prepared formulation to provide a final product. Alternatively, individual components may be added to a prepared formulation to form a final product. The final product may be, for example, a personal care product, a home/institutional care product, an industrial product, and/or a pharmaceutical or veterinary product.

In embodiments in which no other ingredients are present, it may be preferred that the branched chain hydrocarbons are present in the composition in an amount of from about 30% to about 80% by weight of the total composition, from about 40% to about 70% by weight of the total composition, or from about 50% to about 60% by weight of the total composition.

Similarly, therefore, it may be preferred that the ester is present in the composition in an amount of from about 20% to about 70% by weight of the total composition, from about 30% to about 50% by weight of the total composition, or from 35% to about 45% by weight of the total composition.

Other ingredients may be included in the compositions of the present invention either to aid in the case of manufacturing, shipping and/or storage, or to provide additional benefits or experiences to the end user/consumer. Examples are preservatives, colorants, fragrances, particulates, lipids, proteins, sensates and chelating agents. Furthermore, due to the high average spreading rate of the compositions, the compositions provide a thin adhesive layer suitable for delivery of a variety of additional agents to the surface to which they are applied. Without being limited thereto, such agents include physical sunscreens, UV absorbers, pharmaceutical agents including biological agents, polishes, antimicrobials, antioxidants, mica, glitter, pigments, rust inhibitors, anti-tarnish agents, brighteners, optical brighteners, bluing agents, and/or self-tanners.

The compositions of the present invention may be incorporated into personal care, pharmaceutical, home/institutional care, and industrial products for application to a variety of surfaces, such as hard surfaces, metal, wood, stone, tanned leather, fur and hair, fabrics, natural and synthetic fibers, and keratinized surfaces such as hair, skin, nails/claws, and hooves. The compositions may contain substantially only hydrocarbons and esters, or may contain other ingredients.

Such products may also contain the additives listed above, along with other ingredients customary in the relevant product field, such as surfactants, fragrances, colorants, stabilizers, builders, ammonia, detergents, particulates, additional moisturizers or conditioners, glycerin, solvents, water, humectants, smectites and/or other clays, limonene, etc.

The compositions of the present invention may be used in a method of increasing the ease of application of a conditioning agent, wherein the conditioning agent is an ester having a kinematic viscosity of about 100 centistokes or less, and/or is one or more of a glyceryl triester of a medium chain carboxylic acid, a diester of a medium chain diacid and a medium chain linear or branched alcohol, a monoester of a medium chain carboxylic acid and a medium chain alcohol, and mixtures thereof.

All permutations of the above components, including the presence or absence of the components, are contemplated in the embodiments of the compositions, formulations and/or methods of the present invention.

Example 1 - Preparation and Analysis of Compositions of the Invention Ten compositions were prepared containing the ingredients shown in Table 1 below.

All ingredients are liquids at room temperature. Each sample above was prepared by adding to a suitable container and mixing until homogenous.

Each sample was evaluated for the following properties using the analytical techniques shown in Table 2:

The contents of each ASTM are incorporated herein by reference.

The results of the evaluation are shown in Figure 2.

Example 2 - Evaluation of Average Spreading Rate as a Criterion of Ease of Application The spreading rate of each of Sample Composition 1 through Sample Composition 10 was evaluated using the following general procedure. An artificial skin substrate was used to determine the average spreading rate. Spreading is the rate at which the spread area increases. Spreading is always fastest at the moment the liquid contacts the substrate and then asymptotically slows to zero with time.

To determine these values, a 3 inch by 3 inch square piece of VITRO-SKIN™ (IMS, Inc., Portland, Maine, USA) membrane was prehydrated in a humidity chamber set at 60% humidity at room temperature (23°C) for 16 hours. A micropipette was filled with the test material and placed precisely 1 inch above the artificial membrane using a ring stand. The experimental setup is shown in Figure 3.

A drop of sample composition (50 μL) was placed in the center of a 3 inch by 3 inch square VITRO-SKIN™. The expansion proceeded from the contact point outwards creating a circular spot. The wetted circular area of the VITRO-SKIN™ could be seen and its diameter measured. This expanding diameter was measured 1 minute, 3 minutes, and 5 minutes after contact. The diameter of the spot in centimeters was taken, bisected to obtain the radius, and the expansion area was determined by squaring the radius and multiplying by π. The resulting data gives the area at 1 minute, 3 minutes, and 5 minutes. The incremental additional area covered can be calculated by subtracting the area at each time point from the area at the previous time point. The average expansion rate can therefore be determined by dividing the area covered by the time interval for each interval and then dividing by the total number of time intervals. Thus, the equation for determining the average expansion rate for three intervals per experiment is as follows:

SAt1 = [(D1 cm/2) ² π in cm ^2. t1 = 1 min - 0 min = 1 min.
SAt2 = [(D2 cm/2) ² π in cm ^2. t2 = 3 min - 1 min = 2 min.
SAt3 = [(D3 cm/2) ² π in cm ^2. t3 = 5 min - 3 min = 2 min.
In the formula,
D1 = diameter of the circle after 1 minute D2 = diameter of the circle after 3 minutes D3 = diameter of the circle after 5 minutes SAt1 = area of the circle after 1 minute SAt2 = area of the circle after 3 minutes SAt3 = area of the circle after 5 minutes

therefore,
Mean expansion rate = [(SA1-0) cm ² /1 min + (SA2-SA1) cm ² /2 min + (SA3-SA2) cm ² /2]/3

For each sample number, the average expansion rate was determined. The results are shown in Figure 4. Results are the average of three measurements.

Example 3 - Sensory Analysis by Panelists Sensory analysis of personal care and cosmetic products relies on the perception of panelists to evaluate and compare the attributes of each product at all stages of human use. In this example, the panelists focused on describing their perception of the tactile feel of the product on the skin after handling, spreading, and application (after-use feel).

During the hand application phase, panelists rated "stickiness," which is the strength of finger adhesion to skin, testing using the tips of their index fingers and thumbs.

During the spreading phase, panelists judged the "ease of spreading" of the product on the skin, which was tested by applying the product to the forearm with the opposite hand.

Finally, in the afterfeel stage, panelists were instructed to consider slipperiness, residue, and shine. "Slipperiness" is the ease with which two fingers can be moved over the skin of the forearm after spreading the product. "Residue" is the perception of the amount of product remaining on the skin as perceived by the fingertips after spreading the product. "Shine" is the amount or degree to which the skin reflects light as viewed under the same lighting settings.

Prior to testing the sample compositions, all panelists were pre-trained on the meaning of each technical term and how to judge each aspect of this sensory analysis (handling, spreading, and afterfeel). Prior to evaluating the test formulations, the panel was calibrated by trying standard reference samples for each of the five parameters (stickiness, ease of application, slippage, residue, and shine) at low and high levels.

Even though the panelists perceived different intensities for each reference, they all agreed which samples exhibited lower and higher levels of each parameter. The procedures used by this sensory panel were based on those recommended by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM E1958, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference).

Example 4 - Formulation of an antiperspirant stick containing a composition of the present invention Whitening of skin or clothing is undesirable in antiperspirant sticks containing solid antiperspirant actives such as aluminum salts. Common aluminum salts used in antiperspirant applications are chlorohydroxyaluminum (ACH), activated chlorohydroxyaluminum (AACH), conventional aluminum zirconium actives (ZAG actives), and activated aluminum zirconium actives (AZAG). A typical antiperspirant stick may contain waxes, film-forming materials, fragrances, and volatile carrier fluids. The following example illustrates how the compositions of the present invention can reduce whitening.

Exemplary antiperspirant sticks were prepared according to the following composition. Cyclomethicone, a common silicone material, was the comparative prior art fluid.

The above formulations were made by blending the Phase A ingredients in a beaker. In a separate beaker, the Phase B ingredients were blended together using a Speed Mixer. Phase B was then added to Phase A and stirred with a magnetic stirrer before being heated to 80°C and held for 10-30 minutes. The mixture was cooled to 70°C before Phase C was added. The mixture was cooled to 65°C, poured into a canister and cooled to room temperature. The result in each example was a solid stick.

To illustrate the reduction in blanching, the stick was rubbed on black paper. Photographs were taken at time zero (initial), about 30 minutes, and 1 hour. Figures 5, 6, and 7 show Formulation A, which contains the composition of the present invention, Formulation B, which is a control composition, and two commercially available antiperspirants, "Secret Australia Eucalyptus Blossoms" from Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, and Dove Powder Invisible Solid from Unilever (Port Sunlight, UK), at three time points.

The photographs in Figures 5, 6, and 7 show the dramatic reduction in whitening due to the inclusion of the composition of the present invention in Sample No. 6 of Example 1.

Example 5 - Formulation of Eyeshadow Comprising a Composition of the Invention Desirable attributes in color cosmetics such as eyeshadow pots include ease of application, improved color payoff, feeling of richness, and moisturizing after use. Color payoff refers to the amount of color depth and vibrance observed when equal amounts of product are applied. That is, when the same amount of product A is applied to the skin as product B, product B is better if it exhibits a higher depth of color. Also, a more pleasant, silky smooth after-feel is a desirable attribute.

The following formulations were prepared as examples of prior art and inventive eyeshadows for comparison. Cyclomethicone, a common silicone material, was the comparative prior art fluid. Formulation EA contains the composition of the present invention, while EB does not.

To prepare the above formulation, the ingredients of Phase A were combined in a beaker using a high speed mixer with a stirring speed of 3500 rpm. The ingredients of Phase B were then added and the mixture was heated to 80°C and stirred using a magnetic stirrer. Once the mixture was smooth and homogenous, it was cooled and then poured into a container and allowed to cool to room temperature.

To demonstrate color payoff, an equal amount of each formulation was rubbed onto black paper. Figures 8 and 9 show photographs demonstrating the improvement in color payoff on black paper and human skin.

Example 6 - Preparation of a Cationic Lotion To illustrate the improved sensory properties that can be obtained by using the fluids of the present invention compared to cyclopentasiloxane, a very common prior art fluid, the following cationic lotion was prepared.

The above formulation was prepared by combining the ingredients of Phase A in a beaker and heating to approximately 80°C with propeller agitation until homogenous. In a separate beaker, the ingredients of Phase B were combined and heated to approximately 80°C with propeller agitation. Phase B was then added to Phase A and homogenized at 4000 RPM for approximately 3 minutes.

Homogenization was then stopped, agitation was replaced with propeller mixing, and the mixture was allowed to cool to approximately 50°C to form an emulsion. The emulsion was poured into a canister and allowed to cool to room temperature. The resulting viscosities were 58,500 centipoise for CA and 39,000 centipoise for CB. The resulting pH was 4.16 for CA and 4.06 for CB.

The sensory properties of the emulsions were evaluated by a panel as previously described. The results are shown in the diagram in Figure 10.

It will be appreciated that those skilled in the art may modify the above-described embodiments without departing from the broad inventive concept. It is therefore understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to include modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (24)

1. An applyable conditioning composition for use in a personal care composition, comprising:
a branched chain hydrocarbon having a kinematic viscosity of 30 centistokes or less ;
consisting of a blend with an ester having a kinematic viscosity of 100 centistokes or less;
the ester is selected from glyceryl triheptanoate, dicapryl succinate, heptyl undecylenate, and mixtures thereof;
Composition. The composition of claim 1, wherein each of the branched chain hydrocarbons and the esters is independently derived from a plant. The composition of claim 2, wherein each of the plant-derived branched chain hydrocarbons and the plant-derived esters is independently not derived from palm oil. The composition of claim 1, wherein the branched chain hydrocarbon has at least three branches on the hydrocarbon backbone. The composition of claim 2, wherein the hydrocarbon backbone of the branched chain hydrocarbon has 10 to 30 carbon atoms. The composition of claim 1, wherein the branched chain hydrocarbon has a total of X carbon atoms, the hydrocarbon backbone has Y carbon atoms, X is an integer between 13 and 50, and Y is an integer between 10 and 30 carbon atoms. The composition of claim 6, wherein X is 15 and Y is 12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the branched chain hydrocarbon is a hydrogenated farnesene. The composition of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon is selected from hydrocarbons having a total of 15 to 20 carbon atoms and a hydrocarbon backbone of 12 carbon atoms, hydrogenated farnesene, and mixtures thereof. The composition of claim 1, wherein the branched chain hydrocarbon is present in the composition in an amount of 30% to 80% by weight of the total composition. The composition of claim 1, wherein the branched chain hydrocarbon is present in the composition in an amount of 40% to 70% by weight of the total composition. The composition of claim 1, wherein the ester is present in the composition in an amount of 20% to 70% by weight of the total composition. The composition of claim 1, wherein the ester is present in the composition in an amount of 30% to 50% by weight of the total composition. The branched chain hydrocarbon and the ester are
2:3,
1:2.5,
1:1, and
2.5:1,
13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbons are present in a relative weight ratio (wt. % hydrocarbon:wt. % ester) selected from: 10. The composition of claim 1, which exhibits an average expansion rate of from 4 cm ² /min to 8 cm ² /min at 23°C . Hydrogenated farnesene ,
consisting essentially of a blend with an ester having a kinematic viscosity of 100 centistokes or less;
the ester is selected from glyceryl triheptanoate, dicapryl succinate, heptyl undecylenate, and mixtures thereof;
A spreadable conditioning composition. A composition according to claim 1 ;
additional ingredients selected from surfactants, colorants, detergents, physical sunscreens, fragrances, chelating agents, antioxidants, UV absorbing compounds, particulates, solvents, cationic emulsifiers, nonionic emulsifiers, anionic emulsifiers, and antimicrobial agents;
13. A formulation comprising: 1. A method of making a surface conditioning formulation comprising:
A composition according to claim 1 ;
and mixing with additional ingredients selected from surfactants, colorants, detergents, physical sunscreens, fragrances, chelating agents, antioxidants, UV absorbing compounds, particulates, and solvents. The method of claim 18 , wherein the preparation is natural. 20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the formulation is natural and does not contain palm oil derived materials. A method of making a composition having an average expansion rate of 4 cm ² /min to 8 cm ² /min at 23°C , comprising:
blending a natural branched chain hydrocarbon having a kinematic viscosity of 30 centistokes or less with a natural ester having a kinematic viscosity of 100 centistokes or less;
the composition consists essentially of the branched chain hydrocarbon and the ester,
the ester is selected from glyceryl triheptanoate, dicapryl succinate, heptyl undecylenate, and mixtures thereof;
method. 1. A method for increasing the ease of application of a conditioning agent, comprising:
combining the conditioning agent with a branched chain hydrocarbon having a kinematic viscosity of 30 centistokes or less ;
the conditioning agent is an ester having a kinematic viscosity of 100 centistokes or less;
the conditioning agent consists essentially of the branched chain hydrocarbon and the ester,
the ester is selected from glyceryl triheptanoate, dicapryl succinate, heptyl undecylenate, and mixtures thereof;
method. 1. A method of delivering a material to a surface, comprising:
applying the formulation to a surface;
The formulation comprises the composition of claim 1 ;
and additional ingredients selected from UV absorbers, biological agents, polishing agents, antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, mica, glitter, pigments, rust inhibitors, anti-tarnish agents, bleaching agents, and self-tanners. 24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the surface is a surface of skin, fur, hair, nail or hoof.

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