JP7602017B2 - 原子炉の受動的熱除去システム - Google Patents
原子炉の受動的熱除去システム Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C21/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of reactors or parts thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B17/00—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
- F04B17/03—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B19/00—Machines or pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B17/00
- F04B19/04—Pumps for special use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C1/00—Reactor types
- G21C1/02—Fast fission reactors, i.e. reactors not using a moderator ; Metal cooled reactors; Fast breeders
- G21C1/028—Fast fission reactors, i.e. reactors not using a moderator ; Metal cooled reactors; Fast breeders cooled by a pressurised coolant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C1/00—Reactor types
- G21C1/02—Fast fission reactors, i.e. reactors not using a moderator ; Metal cooled reactors; Fast breeders
- G21C1/03—Fast fission reactors, i.e. reactors not using a moderator ; Metal cooled reactors; Fast breeders cooled by a coolant not essentially pressurised, e.g. pool-type reactors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C1/00—Reactor types
- G21C1/04—Thermal reactors ; Epithermal reactors
- G21C1/06—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated
- G21C1/14—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated moderator being substantially not pressurised, e.g. swimming-pool reactor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
- G21C13/02—Details
- G21C13/024—Supporting constructions for pressure vessels or containment vessels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
- G21C13/02—Details
- G21C13/04—Arrangements for expansion and contraction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/24—Promoting flow of the coolant
- G21C15/243—Promoting flow of the coolant for liquids
- G21C15/247—Promoting flow of the coolant for liquids for liquid metals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/24—Promoting flow of the coolant
- G21C15/26—Promoting flow of the coolant by convection, e.g. using chimneys, using divergent channels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
- G21C19/02—Details of handling arrangements
- G21C19/04—Means for controlling flow of coolant over objects being handled; Means for controlling flow of coolant through channel being serviced, e.g. for preventing "blow-out"
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C5/00—Moderator or core structure; Selection of materials for use as moderator
- G21C5/02—Details
- G21C5/10—Means for supporting the complete structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K44/00—Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
- H02K44/02—Electrodynamic pumps
- H02K44/06—Induction pumps
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C1/00—Reactor types
- G21C1/32—Integral reactors, i.e. reactors wherein parts functionally associated with the reactor but not essential to the reaction, e.g. heat exchangers, are disposed inside the enclosure with the core
- G21C1/326—Integral reactors, i.e. reactors wherein parts functionally associated with the reactor but not essential to the reaction, e.g. heat exchangers, are disposed inside the enclosure with the core wherein the heat exchanger is disposed next to or beside the core
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/12—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from pressure vessel; from containment vessel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
- G21C15/182—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat comprising powered means, e.g. pumps
- G21C15/185—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat comprising powered means, e.g. pumps using energy stored in reactor system
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/30—Assemblies of a number of fuel elements in the form of a rigid unit
- G21C3/32—Bundles of parallel pin-, rod-, or tube-shaped fuel elements
- G21C3/33—Supporting or hanging of elements in the bundle; Means forming part of the bundle for inserting it into, or removing it from, the core; Means for coupling adjacent bundles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
- G21C9/04—Means for suppressing fires ; Earthquake protection
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
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Description
本願は、2021年1月27日に出願された「PASSIVE HEAT REMOVAL SYSTEM FOR NUCLEAR REACTORS」という名称の米国特許出願第17/159,734号の利益を主張し、2020年8月17日に出願された「CARTRIDGE CORE BARREL FOR NUCLEAR REACTOR」という名称の米国仮特許出願第63/066,785号の利益を主張する。その内容全体は、参照によって本明細書に援用される。
ほとんどの原子炉は、炉心を有し、当該炉心内では、燃料要素および制御要素が様々な相互に関連する配置で支持され、これにより臨界反応度をサポートして原子炉の出力を制御する。冷却材は、典型的には燃料要素と制御要素との間の通路を通って押し出され、これにより核分裂燃料要素によって生成された熱は、有益な目的に使用される熱交換器に伝達される。
いくつかの実施形態によれば、受動的熱除去システムは、中間流体ループ内に位置する熱交換器の、ホットレグとコールドレグとの間の強制循環および自然循環の両方を可能にすることによって、原子炉の起動中および停止中の両方で、崩壊熱除去を可能にするように機能する。より高密度の低温流体を降下させ、より低密度の加熱流体を上昇させる重力に依存することによって、流体の自然循環は促進される。これは、熱交換器を通る中間冷却材ループを通じた自然循環を引き起こす。場合によっては、選択的な流量調整器が第1流体方向に高い圧力降下を引き起こし、第2流体方向に低い圧力降下を引き起こす。
図1は、いくつかの実施形態に係る、定常運転状態における原子炉中間冷却材ループの模式図である。
本開示は、概して、停止中および/または起動中の原子炉からの崩壊熱除去のための受動装置および構成に関し、自然循環の原理を通じて動作し得る受動システムを含む。
Claims (19)
- 原子炉容器と、
前記原子炉容器内の炉心と、
前記原子炉容器内の一次熱交換器と、
前記一次熱交換器を通して中間冷却材を循環させ、中間冷却材が流れるホットレグおよびコールドレグを有する、中間冷却材ループと、
前記中間冷却材ループと流体連通し、前記中間冷却材ループを通して中間冷却材を循環させるポンプと、
前記中間冷却材ループの前記ホットレグと前記コールドレグとの間のバイパス流路に沿って配置された空気熱交換器と、
前記バイパス流路に沿った流体流動を非対称に制限するために、バイパス流路に沿って配置された流体ダイオードと、を含む、ナトリウム冷却原子炉。 - 前記流体ダイオードは、前記原子炉容器の外側に配置される、請求項1に記載のナトリウム冷却原子炉。
- 前記流体ダイオードは、前記バイパス流路を横切って前記中間冷却材を循環させる前記ポンプに対する流動抵抗を提供する、請求項1に記載のナトリウム冷却原子炉。
- 前記流体ダイオードは、前記ポンプが動作していないとき、前記バイパス流路を横切る比較的制限されていない流体流動を可能にする、請求項1に記載のナトリウム冷却原子炉。
- 前記空気熱交換器は、低出力運転起動状態の間に原子炉出力熱を放出する、請求項1に記載のナトリウム冷却原子炉。
- 前記空気熱交換器は、低出力運転停止状態の間に原子炉出力熱を放出する、請求項1に記載のナトリウム冷却原子炉。
- 前記中間冷却材は、ナトリウムである、請求項1に記載のナトリウム冷却原子炉。
- 前記中間冷却材は、塩である、請求項1に記載のナトリウム冷却原子炉。
- 中間冷却材を前記バイパス流路に沿って流すバイパス流動ポンプをさらに備える、請求項1に記載のナトリウム冷却原子炉。
- 前記流体ダイオードは、第1方向に流れる流体に、第2方向に流れる流体と比較して5倍を超える流動制限を提供する、請求項1に記載のナトリウム冷却原子炉。
- 原子炉の炉心において熱を発生させるステップと、
一次熱交換器を通して原子炉内に一次冷却材を流すステップと、
中間冷却材ループおよび前記一次熱交換器を通して中間冷却材を流すステップと、
バイパス流路を通して前記中間冷却材を流すステップと、
低原子炉出力の期間中に、前記中間冷却材ループ内の前記バイパス流路に沿って配置された空気熱交換器から熱を放出するステップと、を含む、中間冷却材ループを有する原子炉の運転方法であって、
前記原子炉が対象閾値出力に達するまで、前記バイパス流路に沿って配置された前記空気熱交換器から熱を放出し続けるステップをさらに含む、原子炉の運転方法。 - 前記原子炉が前記対象閾値出力を超えると、前記中間冷却材の一部を前記バイパス流路からそらすステップをさらに含む、請求項11に記載の原子炉の運転方法。
- 原子炉の炉心において熱を発生させるステップと、
一次熱交換器を通して原子炉内に一次冷却材を流すステップと、
中間冷却材ループおよび前記一次熱交換器を通して中間冷却材を流すステップと、
バイパス流路を通して前記中間冷却材を流すステップと、
低原子炉出力の期間中に、前記中間冷却材ループ内の前記バイパス流路に沿って配置された空気熱交換器から熱を放出するステップと、を含む、中間冷却材ループを有する原子炉の運転方法であって、
バイパス流路を通して前記中間冷却材を流すステップは、前記バイパス流路と流体連通する流体ダイオードを通して前記中間冷却材を流すステップをさらに含む、原子炉の運転方法。 - 原子炉の炉心において熱を発生させるステップと、
一次熱交換器を通して原子炉内に一次冷却材を流すステップと、
中間冷却材ループおよび前記一次熱交換器を通して中間冷却材を流すステップと、
バイパス流路を通して前記中間冷却材を流すステップと、
低原子炉出力の期間中に、前記中間冷却材ループ内の前記バイパス流路に沿って配置された空気熱交換器から熱を放出するステップと、を含む、中間冷却材ループを有する原子炉の運転方法であって、
前記低原子炉出力の期間は、5%未満の原子炉出力である、原子炉の運転方法。 - 原子炉の炉心において熱を発生させるステップと、
一次熱交換器を通して原子炉内に一次冷却材を流すステップと、
中間冷却材ループおよび前記一次熱交換器を通して中間冷却材を流すステップと、
バイパス流路を通して前記中間冷却材を流すステップと、
低原子炉出力の期間中に、前記中間冷却材ループ内の前記バイパス流路に沿って配置された空気熱交換器から熱を放出するステップと、を含む、中間冷却材ループを有する原子炉の運転方法であって、
前記低原子炉出力の期間は、20%未満の原子炉出力である、原子炉の運転方法。 - 前記低原子炉出力の期間は、前記原子炉が停止しているときに生じる、請求項11~15のいずれか一項に記載の原子炉の運転方法。
- 前記熱を放出するステップは、原子炉停止サイクル中に前記原子炉から崩壊熱を放出するステップを含む、請求項16に記載の原子炉の運転方法。
- 前記中間冷却材を流すステップは、前記中間冷却材ループを通してナトリウムを流すステップを含む、請求項11~15のいずれか一項に記載の原子炉の運転方法。
- 前記中間冷却材を流すステップは、前記中間冷却材ループを通して塩を流すステップを含む、請求項11~15のいずれか一項に記載の原子炉の運転方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US202063066785P | 2020-08-17 | 2020-08-17 | |
| US63/066,785 | 2020-08-17 | ||
| US17/159,743 | 2021-01-27 | ||
| US17/159,743 US11798697B2 (en) | 2020-08-17 | 2021-01-27 | Passive heat removal system for nuclear reactors |
| PCT/US2021/020961 WO2022039787A1 (en) | 2020-08-17 | 2021-03-04 | Passive heat removal system for nuclear reactors |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2023538045A JP2023538045A (ja) | 2023-09-06 |
| JP7602017B2 true JP7602017B2 (ja) | 2024-12-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2023511815A Active JP7602017B2 (ja) | 2020-08-17 | 2021-03-04 | 原子炉の受動的熱除去システム |
| JP2023511582A Active JP7661482B2 (ja) | 2020-08-17 | 2021-03-11 | 原子炉用カートリッジ炉心バレル |
| JP2023511825A Active JP7719858B2 (ja) | 2020-08-17 | 2021-04-01 | 曲線電磁ポンプ |
| JP2023511813A Active JP7594094B2 (ja) | 2020-08-17 | 2021-04-06 | 電磁ポンプ用慣性エネルギーコーストダウン |
| JP2025060912A Pending JP2025096334A (ja) | 2020-08-17 | 2025-04-02 | 原子炉用カートリッジ炉心バレル |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2023511582A Active JP7661482B2 (ja) | 2020-08-17 | 2021-03-11 | 原子炉用カートリッジ炉心バレル |
| JP2023511825A Active JP7719858B2 (ja) | 2020-08-17 | 2021-04-01 | 曲線電磁ポンプ |
| JP2023511813A Active JP7594094B2 (ja) | 2020-08-17 | 2021-04-06 | 電磁ポンプ用慣性エネルギーコーストダウン |
| JP2025060912A Pending JP2025096334A (ja) | 2020-08-17 | 2025-04-02 | 原子炉用カートリッジ炉心バレル |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (9) | US11798697B2 (ja) |
| EP (4) | EP4197004A1 (ja) |
| JP (5) | JP7602017B2 (ja) |
| KR (3) | KR20230049127A (ja) |
| CN (4) | CN116114034A (ja) |
| CA (4) | CA3187043A1 (ja) |
| WO (4) | WO2022039787A1 (ja) |
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| WO2023049690A1 (en) | 2021-09-21 | 2023-03-30 | Abilene Christian University | Stabilizing face ring joint flange and assembly thereof |
| FR3131060B1 (fr) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-12-08 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Réacteur nucléaire refroidi au métal liquide intégrant un système passif d’évacuation de la puissance résiduelle (EPUR) à source froide avec réservoir thermique à matériau à changement de phase (MCP) et couche isolante thermique amovible autour du réservoir à MCP. |
| CN115263049B (zh) * | 2022-07-29 | 2024-01-09 | 中国核工业华兴建设有限公司 | 一种核电站大直径堆芯碳钢竖井一体式模块结构及其施工方法 |
| KR102736309B1 (ko) * | 2022-10-14 | 2024-11-29 | 한국수력원자력 주식회사 | 일체형 원자로 취급시스템 |
| US12562289B2 (en) | 2023-01-20 | 2026-02-24 | Abilene Christian University | Fission product trap for salt pipe and pump shaft seals and methods of use thereof |
| US12249434B2 (en) | 2023-03-31 | 2025-03-11 | Abilene Christian University | Thermal expansion support system and methods of use thereof |
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