JP7603974B2 - Disaster prediction support method and disaster prediction support device - Google Patents
Disaster prediction support method and disaster prediction support device Download PDFInfo
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この発明は、災害時における構造物または自然物その他の対象物の被災状況の予測を支援する方法及び装置に関するものである。 This invention relates to a method and device for assisting in predicting damage to structures, natural objects, and other objects during disasters.
ため池、堤防及び建物に代表される構造物や、山地等における崖ないし地塊その他の自然物に対しては、地震もしくは豪雨等の災害の発生時の被災状況を予測するため、当該構造物又は自然物の力学的挙動をモデル化した種々の挙動解析が行われる。 For structures such as reservoirs, levees, and buildings, as well as cliffs, land masses in mountainous areas, and other natural objects, various behavior analyses are carried out that model the mechanical behavior of the structures or natural objects in question in order to predict the damage they would suffer in the event of a disaster such as an earthquake or heavy rain.
その一例として、非特許文献1には、ため池のなかでも灌漑池を対象とした灌漑池防災支援システムが記載されている。この灌漑池防災支援システムは、地震情報と灌漑池の堤体の挙動解析から堤体の沈下量を算定し、各地の灌漑池ごとに設定された許容沈下量に対して危険度を判定するものである。ここで使用する挙動解析では、いわゆるSIPニューマーク-D法により、最大加速度の異なる複数の地震動に対する堤体の沈下量が算出され、地震の最大加速度と堤体沈下量との関係が求められる。上記のSIPニューマーク-D法とは、堤体の斜面安定解析(円弧すべり解析)の一つであるニューマーク法をベースとし、それに地震発生時の堤体土の強度低下モデルを用いて、堤体土の強度低下を容易に把握できるようにしたものである(非特許文献2参照)。 As an example, Non-Patent Document 1 describes an irrigation pond disaster prevention support system targeted at irrigation ponds among other reservoirs. This irrigation pond disaster prevention support system calculates the amount of embankment subsidence from earthquake information and behavior analysis of the embankment of the irrigation pond, and judges the degree of danger against the allowable subsidence set for each irrigation pond in each area. In the behavior analysis used here, the so-called SIP Newmark-D method is used to calculate the amount of embankment subsidence for multiple earthquake motions with different maximum accelerations, and the relationship between the maximum earthquake acceleration and the amount of embankment subsidence is obtained. The SIP Newmark-D method is based on the Newmark method, which is one of the slope stability analyses (circular slide analysis) of embankments, and uses a model of the decrease in the strength of the embankment soil during an earthquake to make it easy to grasp the decrease in the strength of the embankment soil (see Non-Patent Document 2).
なお、災害に関する技術としては、たとえば特許文献1~3に記載されたものがある。 Note that examples of disaster-related technologies include those described in Patent Documents 1 to 3.
特許文献1では、「情報入力装置と、情報格納装置と、情報演算装置と、情報出力装置を有し、各地域における降雨データと土砂災害発生・非発生の実績情報を用いて土砂災害の発生限界線、避難基準線あるいは警戒基準線(以下、これらを総称してCLと略す場合がある。)を演算する防災事業計画支援システムであって、前記情報入力装置は、前記各地域における降雨データと土砂災害発生・非発生の実績情報(以下、降雨データと土砂災害発生・非発生の実績情報を解析データと呼ぶことがある。)と、前記CLを演算するための解析パラメータ及び解析モデルとを、前記情報格納装置に入力可能な手段であって、前記情報演算装置は、前記解析モデルを前記情報格納装置から読み出して、この解析モデルに前記情報格納装置から読み出された解析パラメータ又は前記情報入力装置から入力された解析パラメータを入力する解析パラメータ設定部と、前記情報格納装置から解析データを読み出して又は前記情報入力装置から入力された解析データを用いて前記CLを演算する判別境界面解析部を備え、前記情報出力装置は、前記解析データと解析パラメータと解析モデルとCLのうち少なくとも1の情報を出力可能な手段であることを特徴とする防災事業計画支援システム」が提案されている。 In Patent Document 1, "a disaster prevention project planning support system has an information input device, an information storage device, an information calculation device, and an information output device, and calculates a landslide occurrence limit line, an evacuation reference line, or a warning reference line (hereinafter, these may be collectively abbreviated as CL) using rainfall data and actual information on the occurrence or non-occurrence of landslides in each region, and the information input device can input rainfall data and actual information on the occurrence or non-occurrence of landslides in each region (hereinafter, rainfall data and actual information on the occurrence or non-occurrence of landslides may be referred to as analysis data), and analysis parameters and analysis models for calculating the CL, to the information storage device. The proposed disaster prevention project planning support system is characterized in that the information calculation device is equipped with an analysis parameter setting unit that reads the analysis model from the information storage device and inputs the analysis parameters read from the information storage device or the analysis parameters input from the information input device to the analysis model, and a discriminant boundary surface analysis unit that reads the analysis data from the information storage device or calculates the CL using the analysis data input from the information input device, and the information output device is a means capable of outputting at least one piece of information from the analysis data, the analysis parameters, the analysis model, and the CL.
特許文献2は、「情報入力装置と、情報格納装置と、情報演算装置と、情報出力装置を有し、各地域における災害発生の要因に係る要因データと災害発生・非発生の実績データを用いて得られた災害の発生と非発生を分離する判別境界線又は判別境界面(以下、判別境界線を含めて判別境界面という。)を基準として、ある地域における災害発生の危険度を演算する防災事業計画支援システムであって、前記情報入力装置は、前記ある地域における災害発生の要因データと、前記判別境界面を構成する境界データとを、前記情報格納装置に入力可能な手段であって、前記情報演算装置は、前記境界データを前記情報格納装置から読み出して、この境界データが構成される2次元以上の空間(以下、多次元空間という。)上に、前記情報格納装置から読み出した前記ある地域における要因データ又は前記情報入力装置から入力されたある地域における要因データを座標として入力する第1の解析条件設定部と、前記判別境界面から前記ある地域における要因データの座標までの距離を前記災害発生の潜在危険度として演算する潜在危険度演算部とを備え、前記情報出力装置は、前記ある地域における要因データと前記境界データと前記潜在危険度のうち少なくとも1の情報を出力可能な手段であることを特徴とする防災事業計画支援システム」を開示している。 Patent document 2 describes a disaster prevention project planning support system that has an information input device, an information storage device, an information calculation device, and an information output device, and calculates the risk of disaster occurrence in a certain area based on a discrimination boundary line or discrimination boundary surface (hereinafter, the discrimination boundary line is collectively referred to as the discrimination boundary surface) that separates occurrence and non-occurrence of disasters obtained using factor data related to the factors of disaster occurrence in each area and actual data on disaster occurrence/non-occurrence, the information input device is a means capable of inputting data on factors of disaster occurrence in the certain area and boundary data that constitutes the discrimination boundary surface to the information storage device, and the information calculation device reads the boundary data from the information storage device. The paper discloses a disaster prevention project planning support system that includes a first analysis condition setting unit that inputs, as coordinates, factor data for the certain area read from the information storage device or factor data for the certain area input from the information input device into a two- or more-dimensional space (hereinafter referred to as a multidimensional space) in which the boundary data is configured, and a potential risk calculation unit that calculates the distance from the discrimination boundary surface to the coordinates of the factor data for the certain area as the potential risk of the disaster occurrence, and the information output device is a means capable of outputting at least one piece of information from the factor data for the certain area, the boundary data, and the potential risk.
特許文献3には、「所定領域における浸水の有無を予測する浸水予測装置であって、前記所定領域の過去の浸水発生時における浸水範囲のデータを前記所定領域の地図データと共に示す浸水範囲データと、前記過去の浸水発生時における降雨量データと、検討降雨量データと、を入力する入力手段と、メッシュ分割条件と、浸水判定基準とを設定するパラメータ設定手段と、前記浸水範囲データを前記メッシュ分割条件に基づいてメッシュ分割し、各メッシュ領域について前記浸水判定基準により浸水の有無を判定し、浸水有無データを作成する浸水判定手段と、前記浸水有無データと前記降雨量データに対して機械学習モデルを適用し、前記各メッシュ領域における浸水の有無を降雨量より予測する浸水予測基準データを作成する機械学習手段と、前記検討降雨量データと前記浸水予測基準データより、前記検討降雨量データの降雨量時の前記各メッシュ領域における浸水の有無を予測する浸水予測データを作成する予測計算手段と、前記浸水予測データを、前記所定領域の前記地図データと共に表示可能な表示手段と、を有することを特徴とする、浸水予測装置」が記載されている。 Patent document 3 describes a flood prediction device that predicts whether or not flooding occurs in a specified area, comprising: an input means for inputting flood area data showing data on the flood area when flooding occurred in the past in the specified area together with map data for the specified area, rainfall data when the past flooding occurred, and rainfall data under consideration; a parameter setting means for setting mesh division conditions and flood determination criteria; a mesh division means for dividing the flood area data into meshes based on the mesh division conditions, determining whether or not flooding occurs for each mesh area based on the flood determination criteria, and creating flood presence/absence data. The document describes a flood prediction device that includes a flood determination means, a machine learning means that applies a machine learning model to the flooding data and the rainfall data to create flood prediction reference data that predicts the presence or absence of flooding in each mesh area based on rainfall, a prediction calculation means that creates flood prediction data that predicts the presence or absence of flooding in each mesh area when the rainfall in the considered rainfall data is received based on the considered rainfall data and the flood prediction reference data, and a display means that can display the flood prediction data together with the map data of the specified area.
ところで、構造物は、安全設計の思想上、災害等に対し、特に人命や財産が脅かされることがないように高い安全性が確保される設計がなされる。そして、上述した災害時の構造物の挙動解析は、構造物の当該設計に用いる計算手法に基づくものである場合が多い。
また、土砂災害その他の災害の対策を講ずる際等における自然物の挙動解析でも、十分な安全性を見込んだ条件が設定され得る。
In accordance with the concept of safety design, structures are designed to ensure high safety in the event of a disaster, particularly to prevent threats to human life and property. In many cases, the above-mentioned analysis of the behavior of a structure during a disaster is based on the calculation method used in the design of the structure.
In addition, when taking measures against landslides and other disasters, analysis of the behavior of natural objects can be performed to set conditions that anticipate sufficient safety.
この場合、上記の挙動解析では、実際の被災よりも甚大であるかのようなシミュレーションが行われ、その解析結果は現実と乖離したものになる。たとえば、先述した灌漑池防災支援システムによると、灌漑池の堤体の沈下量が実際の沈下量よりも過大に算定される傾向があり、その結果、実情とは異なり危険度が高いと判定されることがある。 In such cases, the above behavioral analysis simulates damage that is more severe than it actually is, and the analysis results are far removed from reality. For example, the irrigation pond disaster prevention support system mentioned above tends to overestimate the amount of subsidence of the embankment of an irrigation pond, resulting in a judgment that the risk is high, contrary to the actual situation.
このような状況の下、構造物や自然物の挙動解析で、実際の被災状況に近似する高精度の解析結果が得られることが望まれている。 Under these circumstances, it is desirable to be able to obtain highly accurate analysis results that closely resemble actual damage conditions when analyzing the behavior of structures and natural objects.
この発明は、上述した問題を解決することを課題とするものであり、その目的は、挙動解析による被災状況の予測を有効に支援することができる被災予測支援方法および被災予測支援装置を提供することにある。 The objective of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and to provide a method and device for supporting disaster prediction that can effectively support the prediction of a disaster situation through behavior analysis.
この発明の被災予測支援方法は、構造物及び自然物を含む対象物の被災状況の予測を支援する方法であって、被災予測支援装置が、災害時の前記対象物の力学的挙動をモデル化した挙動解析で、対象物情報及び災害情報を含む入力情報に基づいてシミュレーションを行って得られる挙動解析結果と、前記災害情報による災害時の前記対象物の被災状況についての被災評価結果であって前記入力情報を学習モデルが組み込まれて機械学習がなされた被災評価システムで処理して得られる被災評価結果とを比較すること、並びに、前記挙動解析結果と前記被災評価結果との比較結果に応じて、前記挙動解析結果を補正することを含み、前記挙動解析結果が、前記挙動解析で得られ、災害時の前記対象物の力学的挙動を表す挙動解析値と、許容基準値に対する当該挙動解析値の大小関係についての判定結果とを含み、前記挙動解析結果の補正で、前記許容基準値及び前記挙動解析値を用いて補正係数を求め、前記挙動解析値を前記補正係数により補正するというものである。 The damage prediction support method of the present invention is a method for supporting prediction of a damage situation of an object including a structure and a natural object, the method including: a damage prediction support device compares a behavior analysis result obtained by performing a simulation based on input information including object information and disaster information in a behavior analysis that models the mechanical behavior of the object at the time of a disaster with a damage assessment result about the damage situation of the object at the time of a disaster based on the disaster information , the damage assessment result being obtained by processing the input information with a damage assessment system in which a learning model is incorporated and machine learning is performed; and correcting the behavior analysis result according to a comparison result between the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result, the behavior analysis result including a behavior analysis value obtained by the behavior analysis and representing the mechanical behavior of the object at the time of the disaster and a judgment result about the magnitude relationship of the behavior analysis value with an allowable reference value, and the correction of the behavior analysis result includes determining a correction coefficient using the allowable reference value and the behavior analysis value, and correcting the behavior analysis value with the correction coefficient .
この発明の被災予測支援方法は、前記入力情報を、機械学習がなされた被災評価システムで処理し、前記被災評価結果を得ることを含む場合がある。 The damage prediction support method of the present invention may include processing the input information with a damage assessment system that has undergone machine learning to obtain the damage assessment results.
前記被災評価システムは、実際の災害時の対象物情報及び災害情報と被災状況との関係についての教師データを用いて学習されたものであることが好ましい。 It is preferable that the damage assessment system is trained using training data on object information during actual disasters and the relationship between disaster information and the damage situation.
この発明の被災予測支援方法では、前記挙動解析結果及び前記被災評価結果がそれぞれ、被災の程度についての段階的指標を含み、前記挙動解析結果と前記被災評価結果とが異なる段階的指標を示す場合に、前記挙動解析結果の補正を行うようにすることができる。 In the damage prediction support method of the present invention, the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result each include a graded indicator of the degree of damage, and if the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result show different graded indicators, the behavior analysis result can be corrected.
また、この発明の被災予測支援方法では、前記入力情報が、災害レベルの異なる複数の災害情報を含み、各災害情報について、前記挙動解析結果と前記被災評価結果との比較及び、前記挙動解析結果の補正を行うことが好ましい。 In addition, in the disaster prediction support method of the present invention, it is preferable that the input information includes multiple disaster information items with different disaster levels, and for each disaster information item, the behavior analysis result is compared with the damage assessment result, and the behavior analysis result is corrected.
この場合、前記挙動解析結果が、前記挙動解析結果と前記被災評価結果との比較を、大きな災害レベルの災害情報から順に行い、前記挙動解析結果と前記被災評価結果との異なる結果が生じたときの災害情報で、前記挙動解析結果の補正として、前記許容基準値及び前記挙動解析値を用いて補正係数を求めることが好ましい。 In this case, it is preferable to compare the behavior analysis results with the damage assessment results in order of disaster information of a larger disaster level, and to obtain a correction coefficient using the acceptable standard value and the behavior analysis value to correct the behavior analysis results in disaster information when a difference occurs between the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result.
前記挙動解析結果の補正では、各災害情報における挙動解析値のそれぞれを前記補正係数により補正することができる。 When correcting the behavior analysis results, each behavior analysis value in each disaster information can be corrected using the correction coefficient.
この発明の被災予測支援方法では、前記災害が地震であり、前記対象物がため池である場合がある。 In the disaster prediction support method of the present invention, the disaster may be an earthquake and the target object may be a reservoir.
この発明の被災予測支援装置は、構造物及び自然物を含む対象物の被災状況の予測を支援するための処理を実行する処理部を備えるものであって、前記処理部が、災害時の前記対象物の力学的挙動をモデル化した挙動解析で、対象物情報及び災害情報を含む入力情報に基づいてシミュレーションを行って得られる挙動解析結果と、前記災害情報による災害時の前記対象物の被災状況についての被災評価結果であって前記入力情報を学習モデルが組み込まれて機械学習がなされた被災評価システムで処理して得られる被災評価結果とを比較し、前記挙動解析結果と前記被災評価結果との比較結果に応じて、前記挙動解析結果を補正し、前記挙動解析結果が、前記挙動解析で得られ、災害時の前記対象物の力学的挙動を表す挙動解析値と、許容基準値に対する当該挙動解析値の大小関係についての判定結果とを含み、前記処理部が、前記挙動解析結果の補正で、前記許容基準値及び前記挙動解析値を用いて補正係数を求め、前記挙動解析値を前記補正係数により補正するというものである。 The damage prediction support device of the present invention includes a processing unit that executes processing to support prediction of a damage situation of objects including structures and natural objects, wherein the processing unit compares a behavior analysis result obtained by performing a simulation based on input information including object information and disaster information in a behavior analysis that models the mechanical behavior of the object at the time of a disaster with a damage assessment result regarding the damage situation of the object at the time of a disaster based on the disaster information , which is obtained by processing the input information with a damage assessment system in which a learning model is incorporated and machine learning is performed, and corrects the behavior analysis result according to the comparison result between the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result , wherein the behavior analysis result includes a behavior analysis value obtained by the behavior analysis and representing the mechanical behavior of the object at the time of the disaster, and a judgment result regarding the magnitude relationship of the behavior analysis value with an allowable reference value, and wherein the processing unit, in correcting the behavior analysis result, determines a correction coefficient using the allowable reference value and the behavior analysis value, and corrects the behavior analysis value with the correction coefficient .
この発明の被災予測支援装置は、機械学習がなされ、前記入力情報から前記被災評価結果を算出する被災評価システムを備えることがある。 The damage prediction support device of the present invention may be equipped with a damage assessment system that performs machine learning and calculates the damage assessment result from the input information.
前記被災評価システムは、実際の災害時の対象物情報及び災害情報と被災状況との関係についての教師データを用いて学習されたものであることが好ましい。 It is preferable that the damage assessment system is trained using training data on object information during actual disasters and the relationship between disaster information and the damage situation.
この発明の被災予測支援装置では、前記挙動解析結果及び前記被災評価結果がそれぞれ、被災の程度についての段階的指標を含み、前記挙動解析結果と前記被災評価結果とが異なる段階的指標を示す場合に、前記処理部が前記挙動解析結果の補正を行うことができる。 In the damage prediction support device of the present invention, the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result each include a graded indicator of the degree of damage, and when the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result show different graded indicators, the processing unit can correct the behavior analysis result.
前記入力情報が、災害レベルの異なる複数の災害情報を含み、前記処理部が、各災害情報について、前記挙動解析結果と前記被災評価結果との比較及び、前記挙動解析結果の補正を行うことが好ましい。 It is preferable that the input information includes multiple pieces of disaster information with different disaster levels, and the processing unit compares the behavior analysis results with the damage assessment results for each piece of disaster information, and corrects the behavior analysis results.
この発明の被災予測支援装置では、前記処理部が、前記挙動解析結果と前記被災評価結果との比較を、大きな災害レベルの災害情報から順に行い、前記挙動解析結果と前記被災評価結果との異なる結果が生じたときの災害情報で、前記挙動解析結果の補正として、前記許容基準値及び前記挙動解析値を用いて補正係数を求めることが好ましい。 In the damage prediction support device of the present invention, it is preferable that the processing unit compares the behavior analysis result with the damage assessment result in order of disaster information starting from the disaster level of the greatest disaster, and when a different result occurs between the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result in disaster information, a correction coefficient is calculated using the acceptable standard value and the behavior analysis value to correct the behavior analysis result.
この場合、前記処理部は、前記挙動解析結果の補正で、各災害情報における挙動解析値のそれぞれを前記補正係数により補正することができる。 In this case, the processing unit can correct each of the behavior analysis values in each disaster information by the correction coefficient when correcting the behavior analysis results.
この発明の被災予測支援装置では、前記災害が地震であり、前記対象物がため池である場合がある。 In the disaster prediction support device of this invention, the disaster may be an earthquake and the target object may be a reservoir.
この発明の被災予測支援方法および被災予測支援装置によれば、挙動解析結果と被災評価結果とを比較し、その比較結果に応じて挙動解析結果を補正することにより、挙動解析による被災状況の予測を有効に支援することができる。 The damage prediction support method and damage prediction support device of the present invention can effectively support prediction of damage conditions through behavior analysis by comparing behavior analysis results with damage assessment results and correcting the behavior analysis results according to the comparison results.
以下に、この発明の実施の形態について詳細に説明する。
この発明の一の実施形態の被災予測支援方法は、構造物及び自然物を含む対象物の被災状況の予測を支援する方法である。この実施形態には、たとえば図1に示す各ステップS1~S4が含まれる。
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
A damage prediction support method according to one embodiment of the present invention is a method for supporting prediction of a damage state of an object including a structure and a natural object. This embodiment includes, for example, steps S1 to S4 shown in FIG.
図1に示すところでは、はじめに、挙動解析結果及び被災評価結果をそれぞれ取得する(ステップS1)。挙動解析結果は、災害時の対象物の力学的挙動をモデル化した挙動解析により、対象物情報及び災害情報を含む入力情報に基づいて得られるものである。また、被災評価結果は、上記の入力情報を、機械学習がなされた被災評価システムで処理して得られる。 As shown in FIG. 1, first, behavior analysis results and damage assessment results are obtained (step S1). The behavior analysis results are obtained based on input information including object information and disaster information by behavior analysis that models the mechanical behavior of an object during a disaster. The damage assessment results are obtained by processing the above input information with a damage assessment system that has undergone machine learning.
次いで、挙動解析結果と被災評価結果とを比較し(ステップS2)、それらの結果が同じであるかどうか判定する(ステップS3)。ここで、挙動解析結果と被災評価結果とが同じ結果を示す場合は、補正を行わず終了する。一方、挙動解析結果と被災評価結果とが異なる結果を示す場合、挙動解析結果を補正し(ステップS4)、その後に終了する。つまり、挙動解析結果と被災評価結果との比較結果に応じて、挙動解析結果を補正する。それにより補正された挙動解析結果は、対象物の被災状況の予測に用いられ得る。 Next, the behavior analysis result is compared with the damage assessment result (step S2), and it is determined whether or not the results are the same (step S3). If the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result show the same result, no correction is made and the process ends. On the other hand, if the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result show different results, the behavior analysis result is corrected (step S4) and then the process ends. In other words, the behavior analysis result is corrected according to the comparison result between the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result. The corrected behavior analysis result can be used to predict the damage status of the target object.
ところで、これまでは、対象物の力学的挙動をモデル化した挙動解析によると、たとえば災害に対して十分な安全性を確保するべく過大な安全率を設定していること等に起因して、実際の被災状況よりも甚大な被災になることを表す挙動解析結果が得られることが多かった。この場合、現実の状況が適切に模擬されておらず、そのような挙動解析結果を使用できないこともあった。これに対し、この実施形態では、上述したように、挙動解析結果を、機械学習がなされた被災評価システムによる被災評価結果と比較し(ステップS2)、それらの結果が異なる場合に挙動解析結果を補正する(ステップS3及びS4)。それにより、過度の安全性を見込んで構築された挙動解析の結果が修正されるので、挙動解析結果での被災状況の予測精度を高めることができる。 Until now, behavior analysis that models the mechanical behavior of an object has often produced behavior analysis results that indicate that the damage will be more severe than the actual damage situation, for example due to an excessive safety factor being set to ensure sufficient safety against disasters. In such cases, the actual situation is not properly simulated, and such behavior analysis results may not be usable. In contrast, in this embodiment, as described above, the behavior analysis results are compared with the damage assessment results obtained by a damage assessment system that has undergone machine learning (step S2), and if the results differ, the behavior analysis results are corrected (steps S3 and S4). This corrects the results of the behavior analysis that were constructed with excessive safety in mind, thereby improving the accuracy of predicting the damage situation in the behavior analysis results.
また、この発明の一の実施形態の被災予測支援装置は、構造物及び自然物を含む対象物の被災状況の予測を支援するための処理を実行する処理部を備えるものである。処理部は、上述した挙動解析結果と被災評価結果とを比較し、挙動解析結果と被災評価結果との比較結果に応じて、前記挙動解析結果を補正する。 In addition, a damage prediction support device according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a processing unit that executes processing to support prediction of the damage situation of objects including structures and natural objects. The processing unit compares the behavior analysis result with the damage assessment result described above, and corrects the behavior analysis result according to the comparison result between the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result.
なお典型的には、被災予測支援装置は、図2に例示するように、上記の処理部の他、ユーザが所定の情報を入力する入力部と、処理部での処理の結果を出力する出力部と、情報を記憶する記憶部とを備えることができる。処理部は、入力部、出力部及び記憶部等とバスによりデータないし信号の送受信が可能に構成されている。処理部は、多くの場合、プロセッサ、RAM(Random Access Memory)及びROM(Read Only Memory)等が含まれ、ROM又は記憶部に記録されたプログラムの実行により上記の処理を行う。記憶部は、HDD(Hard Disk Drive)やフラッシュメモリー等からなることがある。 Typically, as shown in FIG. 2, the disaster prediction support device may include, in addition to the above-mentioned processing unit, an input unit into which a user inputs predetermined information, an output unit that outputs the results of processing in the processing unit, and a storage unit that stores information. The processing unit is configured to be capable of transmitting and receiving data or signals via a bus with the input unit, output unit, storage unit, etc. The processing unit often includes a processor, RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), etc., and performs the above-mentioned processing by executing a program recorded in the ROM or storage unit. The storage unit may consist of an HDD (Hard Disk Drive), flash memory, etc.
(対象物)
被災状況の予測の対象とする対象物には、構造物及び自然物が含まれる。このうち、構造物には、たとえば、灌漑池を含むため池、ダム、堤防、人工河川、橋梁、道路、鉄道、トンネル、切土や盛土による法面等の土木構造物や、種々のビル及び施設を含む建物その他の建築構造物がある。自然物としては、崖や地塊等の土砂により形成される斜面、海洋、自然河川ないし池等が挙げられる。
(Object)
The objects to be predicted for damage include structures and natural objects. Among these, the structures include, for example, civil engineering structures such as reservoirs including irrigation ponds, dams, levees, artificial rivers, bridges, roads, railways, tunnels, and slopes formed by cutting and filling, as well as buildings and other architectural structures including various buildings and facilities. The natural objects include slopes formed by earth and sand such as cliffs and land masses, oceans, natural rivers and ponds, etc.
(災害)
災害は、多くの場合は自然現象によるものであり、具体的には、豪雨、豪雪、洪水、崖崩れ、土石流、高潮、地震、津波、地滑り等を挙げることができる。このような様々な災害による上述した対象物の被災状況の予測を支援することに、この発明の実施形態を用いることができる。
(disaster)
Disasters are often caused by natural phenomena, and specific examples include heavy rain, heavy snow, floods, cliff collapses, debris flows, storm surges, earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, etc. The embodiments of the present invention can be used to support prediction of damage conditions of the above-mentioned objects due to such various disasters.
具体的な被災としては、たとえば、地震時の、ため池や堤防、建物等の構造物の沈下もしくは崩壊、自然物の土砂の斜面崩壊、地滑りないし土石流等が挙げられる。また、豪雨時の人工もしくは自然の河川の氾濫等による洪水もある。 Specific examples of damage include the subsidence or collapse of structures such as reservoirs, levees, and buildings during earthquakes, the collapse of natural soil and sand slopes, landslides, and debris flows. Furthermore, there are also floods caused by the overflowing of artificial or natural rivers during heavy rains.
(入力情報)
入力情報は、挙動解析結果を得るための挙動解析への入力及び、被災評価結果を得るための被災評価システムへの入力に用いられるものであり、対象物情報及び災害情報を含む。
(Input information)
The input information is used for input to the behavior analysis to obtain behavior analysis results, and for input to the damage assessment system to obtain damage assessment results, and includes object information and disaster information.
このうち、対象物情報には、対象物の各種条件が含まれ得る。たとえば、対象物が、構造物であるため池の堤体や河川の堤防、ダム等である場合、対象物情報は、天端幅、堤高、堤頂長、上流法面勾配、下流法面勾配、堤体断面積、堤体体積、築造年代、土質および、堤体形状からなる群から選択される少なくとも一つの情報を含むことができる。あるいは、対象物が、自然の土砂斜面または人工的に造成された盛土、切土であれば、対象物情報には、斜面ないし法面の勾配、土質等が含まれることがある。 Of these, the object information may include various conditions of the object. For example, if the object is a reservoir embankment, a river levee, a dam, or other structure, the object information may include at least one piece of information selected from the group consisting of top width, embankment height, embankment crest length, upstream slope gradient, downstream slope gradient, embankment cross-sectional area, embankment volume, construction date, soil type, and embankment shape. Alternatively, if the object is a natural soil slope or an artificially constructed embankment or cut, the object information may include the gradient of the slope or embankment, soil type, etc.
災害情報は、被災状況の予測を試みる災害の条件が含まれる。具体的には、災害が地震である場合の震度及び/又は最大加速度等の地震加速度、豪雨である場合の単位時間当たりの降雨量及び/又は総降雨量等である。 The disaster information includes the conditions of the disaster for which the damage situation is to be predicted. Specifically, if the disaster is an earthquake, the seismic intensity and/or seismic acceleration such as maximum acceleration, and if the disaster is heavy rain, the amount of rainfall per unit time and/or the total amount of rainfall, etc.
(挙動解析結果の取得)
災害時の対象物の被災状況は、その対象物の構造力学、土質力学、材料力学もしくは、水理学を含む水力学その他の力学的挙動をモデル化した挙動解析のシミュレーションにより予測することがある。多くの場合、挙動解析は、電子計算機を用いた演算により行われる。
(Acquisition of behavior analysis results)
The damage caused to an object during a disaster may be predicted by simulating behavior analysis that models the structural mechanics, soil mechanics, material mechanics, hydraulics, and other mechanical behavior of the object. In many cases, behavior analysis is performed by calculation using a computer.
このような挙動解析では、対象物情報及び災害情報を含む入力情報を入力することにより、シミュレーションが行われ、その結果として挙動解析結果が得られる。挙動解析結果は、実際の被災状況よりも甚大な被災がもたらされることを表す結果になる傾向がある。それ故に、この実施形態では、詳細については後述するが、かかる挙動解析結果を、より実際の被災状況に近づけるように補正する。 In this type of behavior analysis, a simulation is performed by inputting input information including object information and disaster information, and as a result, a behavior analysis result is obtained. The behavior analysis result tends to indicate that the damage will be more severe than the actual damage situation. Therefore, in this embodiment, the behavior analysis result is corrected to more closely resemble the actual damage situation, as will be described in detail later.
挙動解析結果には、挙動解析で直接的に得られて対象物の力学的挙動を表す挙動解析値が含まれ得る。さらに挙動解析結果は、所定の許容基準値に対して、上記の挙動解析値が大きいか、同じか又は小さいかという大小関係についての判定結果を含む場合がある。また、挙動解析では、入力情報として災害レベルの異なる複数の災害情報が入力された場合、それらの複数の災害情報ごとの挙動解析結果が得られることがある。 The behavior analysis results may include behavior analysis values that are obtained directly by the behavior analysis and represent the mechanical behavior of the object. Furthermore, the behavior analysis results may include a determination result regarding the magnitude relationship of the behavior analysis values, i.e., whether they are greater than, equal to, or smaller than a predetermined allowable reference value. In addition, in the case where multiple pieces of disaster information with different disaster levels are input as input information in the behavior analysis, a behavior analysis result may be obtained for each of the multiple pieces of disaster information.
たとえば図3には、挙動解析で、災害レベル0~5の複数の災害情報が入力され、それらの各災害情報に対応する各挙動解析値が得られた例を示している。ここでは、大きな災害レベル3~5のときに、予め設定された許容基準値を超える挙動解析値となっている。この例では、挙動解析結果は、災害レベルが0~2と小さい場合は、挙動解析値が許容基準値よりも小さいが、災害レベルが3~5に大きくなると、挙動解析値が許容解析値よりも大きいという判定結果を含むことができる。 For example, FIG. 3 shows an example in which multiple pieces of disaster information with disaster levels 0 to 5 are input in behavior analysis, and behavior analysis values corresponding to each piece of disaster information are obtained. Here, when the disaster level is large, 3 to 5, the behavior analysis value exceeds a preset allowable standard value. In this example, the behavior analysis result can include a determination result that when the disaster level is small, such as 0 to 2, the behavior analysis value is smaller than the allowable standard value, but when the disaster level is large, such as 3 to 5, the behavior analysis value is larger than the allowable analysis value.
また、挙動解析結果は、たとえば、挙動解析値が許容基準値に対して大きい場合の「被災大」及び、挙動解析値が許容基準値以下である場合の「被災小」等といったような、被災の程度についての段階的指標を含むことができる。図3に示す例では、災害レベル3~5については挙動解析値が許容基準値よりも大きいので「被災大」とし、災害レベル0~2については挙動解析値が許容基準値以下であるから「被災小」とすることができる。段階的指標は、このような「被災大」又は「被災小」の二段階に限らず、三段階以上で設定してもよい。 The behavior analysis results may also include a tiered indicator of the extent of damage, such as "major damage" when the behavior analysis value is greater than the tolerance standard value, and "minor damage" when the behavior analysis value is equal to or less than the tolerance standard value. In the example shown in FIG. 3, for disaster levels 3 to 5, the behavior analysis value is greater than the tolerance standard value, so it is set to "major damage," and for disaster levels 0 to 2, the behavior analysis value is equal to or less than the tolerance standard value, so it is set to "minor damage." The tiered indicator is not limited to two levels, "major damage" or "minor damage," and may be set to three or more levels.
より具体的な例として、先に述べたように、地震時のため池の被災状況の予測には、挙動解析として灌漑池防災支援システムが用いられる。この灌漑池防災支援システムによれば、図4に示すような、入力情報の災害情報に含まれる地震の最大加速度と、当該挙動解析によるため池の堤体沈下量の挙動解析値との関係が求められる。各地のため池では、堤体の許容沈下量が予め設定されている。この場合、挙動解析結果には、堤体沈下量の挙動解析値(地震解析で計算される沈下量)、堤体の許容沈下量及び、それらの大小関係の判定結果が含まれ得る。また、挙動解析結果は、堤体沈下量の挙動解析値が許容沈下量よりも大きい場合に「被災大」、堤体沈下量の挙動解析値が許容沈下量以下である場合に「被災小」とする段階的指標を含むことがある。なお、灌漑池防災支援システムでは、堤体沈下量の挙動解析値が許容沈下量よりも大きい場合、「被災大」と示されて決壊の危険度が高いと判断されるが、実際には決壊しないにも関わらず、危険度が高いという結果になることがある。 As a more specific example, as mentioned above, an irrigation pond disaster prevention support system is used as a behavior analysis to predict the damage situation of a reservoir during an earthquake. According to this irrigation pond disaster prevention support system, as shown in FIG. 4, the relationship between the maximum acceleration of an earthquake included in the disaster information of the input information and the behavior analysis value of the reservoir's embankment subsidence amount obtained by the behavior analysis is obtained. The allowable subsidence amount of the embankment is set in advance for each reservoir. In this case, the behavior analysis result may include the behavior analysis value of the embankment subsidence amount (subsidence amount calculated by earthquake analysis), the allowable embankment subsidence amount, and the judgment result of the magnitude relationship between them. In addition, the behavior analysis result may include a gradation index such as "heavy damage" when the behavior analysis value of the embankment subsidence amount is larger than the allowable subsidence amount, and "little damage" when the behavior analysis value of the embankment subsidence amount is equal to or smaller than the allowable subsidence amount. In addition, in the irrigation pond disaster prevention support system, when the behavior analysis value of the embankment subsidence amount is larger than the allowable subsidence amount, "heavy damage" is displayed and it is judged that there is a high risk of collapse, but the result may be that the risk is high even if the embankment does not actually collapse.
またその他には、リアルタイム被害予測ウェブサイトcmapやリアルタイム津波浸水・被害推計システムが考えられる。 Other possibilities include a real-time damage prediction website, CMAP, and a real-time tsunami inundation and damage estimation system.
上述した挙動解析結果は、この実施形態の被災予測支援装置の処理部や被災予測支援方法で挙動解析を行うことにより取得してもよいが、外部で挙動解析が行われて既に得られているものを別途取得することも可能である(ステップS1)。したがって、挙動解析を行うこと自体は必須ではない。 The above-mentioned behavior analysis results may be obtained by performing behavior analysis in the processing unit of the disaster prediction support device or the disaster prediction support method of this embodiment, but it is also possible to separately obtain results that have already been obtained by performing behavior analysis externally (step S1). Therefore, performing behavior analysis itself is not essential.
(被災評価結果の取得)
挙動解析結果との比較に用いる被災評価結果は、対象物情報及び災害情報を含む入力情報を、機械学習がなされた被災評価システムで処理することによって得られる。機械学習がなされた被災評価システムによる被災評価結果を、挙動解析結果との比較に用いることにより、過度に安全側となる傾向がある挙動解析結果が有効に見直される。
(Acquisition of damage assessment results)
The damage assessment results used for comparison with the behavior analysis results are obtained by processing input information including object information and disaster information with a damage assessment system with machine learning. By using the damage assessment results from the damage assessment system with machine learning for comparison with the behavior analysis results, behavior analysis results that tend to be overly cautious can be effectively revised.
被災評価システムは、経験により学習し、対象物情報及び災害情報を含む入力情報に対して、当該災害情報による災害時のその対象物の被災状況についての被災評価結果を出力できるものであれば、特に限定されない。このような被災評価システムとしては、k平均法、決定木、サポートベクターマシーン(Support Vector Machine、SVM)、単純ベイズ、アンサンブル法、線形判別分析(LDA)、二次判別分析(QDA)又は、k近傍法(k-NN)等を用いたものがある。なかでもサポートベクターマシーンは、対象物情報が多い場合でも判別精度が良いこと、パラメータの設定が容易であることから好ましい。 There are no particular limitations on the damage assessment system, so long as it can learn through experience, and output damage assessment results for the damage status of an object in the event of a disaster caused by the disaster information, in response to input information including object information and disaster information. Such damage assessment systems include those that use k-means, decision trees, support vector machines (SVMs), naive Bayes, ensemble methods, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), k-nearest neighbor analysis (k-NN), and the like. Among these, support vector machines are preferred because they have good discrimination accuracy even when there is a large amount of object information, and parameters can be easily set.
また、被災評価システムは、畳み込みニューラルネットワーク(Convolutional Neural Network、CNN)による深層学習(ディープラーニング)がなされたものとすることもできる。畳み込みニューラルネットワークでは、複数の畳み込み層で特徴を抽出し、複数の全結合層で分類等が行われる。これにより、さらに詳細な被災状況(たとえば「被災大」や「被災小」等の概括的な指標ではなく、対象物の被災箇所や被災の程度の定量的な指標等を含む被災状況)をもとに、災害に対する対象物の挙動の変化が予測されて、対象物の被災をより具体的かつ高精度に評価することが可能になる。ここでいう機械学習には、深層学習も含まれる。 The damage assessment system can also be one that has undergone deep learning using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). In a Convolutional Neural Network, features are extracted using multiple convolution layers, and classification and the like is performed using multiple fully connected layers. This makes it possible to predict changes in the behavior of an object in response to a disaster based on more detailed damage conditions (for example, damage conditions that include quantitative indicators of the location of damage and the extent of damage of the object, rather than general indicators such as "heavy damage" or "minor damage"), making it possible to more specifically and accurately assess the damage to the object. Machine learning here also includes deep learning.
上記の被災評価システムは、過去に実際に被災した対象物情報及びその際の災害情報と、その実際の被災状況との関係についての教師データを用いて学習されたものであることが好適である。これにより、その被災評価システムでの被災評価結果を用いて挙動解析結果の比較及び補正を行うと、挙動解析による被災状況の予測精度をより一層向上させることができる。 The above-mentioned damage assessment system is preferably trained using training data on information about objects that have actually been affected by disasters in the past, disaster information from those events, and the relationship between those events and the actual damage conditions. In this way, the damage assessment results from the damage assessment system can be used to compare and correct the behavior analysis results, thereby further improving the accuracy of predicting the damage conditions through behavior analysis.
たとえば、教師データの対象物情報及び災害情報は、先に述べた入力情報の対象物情報及び災害情報と同様の対象物の条件(対象物がため池の堤体等である場合の天端幅、堤高等)及び災害の条件とすることができる。それらの対象物情報及び災害情報と紐づいた被災状況は、被災の程度についての段階的指標とすることができる。地震時におけるため池の被災では、ため池の堤体の大変形又は決壊が発生したものを「被災大」とし、無被害、微少な亀裂や沈下又は付帯設備の損傷であったものを「被災小」とするという二段階の段階的指標で表すことがある。但し、被災状況をこのような段階的指標で表す場合は、三段階以上の段階的指標を用いることも可能である。 For example, the object information and disaster information of the training data can be the same object conditions (top width, bank height, etc. when the object is a reservoir embankment, etc.) and disaster conditions as the object information and disaster information of the input information described above. The damage situation linked to such object information and disaster information can be a graded index of the extent of damage. Damage to reservoirs during earthquakes can be expressed using a two-stage graded index, with "major damage" being the occurrence of major deformation or collapse of the reservoir embankment, and "minor damage" being the occurrence of no damage, minor cracks or subsidence, or damage to ancillary facilities. However, when expressing the damage situation using such graded indexes, it is also possible to use a graded index of three or more stages.
上記のような教師データを用いて被災評価システムの機械学習を行ったときは、その機械学習済みの被災評価システムによる被災評価結果の精度の検証をしておくことが好ましい。この検証には、実際の災害時の対象物情報及び災害情報と被災状況との関係についての検証用データを用いることができる。たとえば、現実に被災した対象物についての対象物情報、災害情報及び被災状況を含むデータを多数取得し、そのうちの一部を教師データとして用いて被災評価システムの機械学習を行い、残部を検証用データとして用いて機械学習済みの被災評価システムの検証を行うことができる。検証用データを用いた検証では、正答率が80%以上であることが好ましい。このときの検証の具体的条件については、実施例の項目にて後述する。検証により高い正答率が得られると、被災評価システムによる被災評価結果の信頼性が高いといえるので、それに応じて挙動解析での被災状況の予測精度を大きく向上させることができる。 When machine learning of the damage assessment system is performed using the above-mentioned teacher data, it is preferable to verify the accuracy of the damage assessment results obtained by the machine-learned damage assessment system. For this verification, verification data on the object information at the time of the actual disaster and the relationship between the disaster information and the damage situation can be used. For example, a large amount of data including object information, disaster information, and damage situation of objects that have actually been affected by the disaster can be obtained, and machine learning of the damage assessment system can be performed using part of the data as teacher data, and the remaining part can be used as verification data to verify the machine-learned damage assessment system. In the verification using the verification data, it is preferable that the accuracy rate is 80% or more. The specific conditions for the verification at this time will be described later in the section on examples. If a high accuracy rate is obtained by the verification, it can be said that the reliability of the damage assessment results obtained by the damage assessment system is high, and accordingly, the accuracy of prediction of the damage situation in the behavior analysis can be greatly improved.
機械学習済みの被災評価システムで得られる被災評価結果は、後述する挙動解析結果との比較を容易にするため、挙動解析結果と同様の被災の程度についての指標を含むことが好ましい。たとえば、挙動解析結果が、先述したような「被災大」又は「被災小」等の二段階以上の段階的指標を含むときは、被災評価結果も、同様の二段階以上の段階的指標を含むことが好適である。 In order to facilitate comparison with the behavior analysis results described below, it is preferable that the damage assessment results obtained by the machine learning-based damage assessment system include an indicator of the degree of damage similar to that of the behavior analysis results. For example, when the behavior analysis results include a two or more stage indicator such as "heavy damage" or "minor damage" as described above, it is preferable that the damage assessment results also include a similar two or more stage indicator.
ステップS1では、上記の被災評価システムが組み込まれた他の電子計算機等の装置で得られた被災評価結果を、たとえば無線もしくは有線の通信又は記憶装置等により取得することができる。あるいは、この発明の実施形態で被災評価システムを動かすことにより、被災評価結果を取得することも可能である。後者の場合、この実施形態の被災予測支援方法にはさらに、入力情報を機械学習がなされた被災評価システムで処理し、被災評価結果を得ることが含まれる。またこの場合、この実施形態の被災予測支援装置は、機械学習がなされ、入力情報から被災評価結果を算出する被災評価システムを備えるものとする。 In step S1, the damage assessment result obtained by another device such as a computer incorporating the above-mentioned damage assessment system can be obtained, for example, by wireless or wired communication or a storage device. Alternatively, it is also possible to obtain the damage assessment result by operating the damage assessment system in an embodiment of this invention. In the latter case, the damage prediction support method of this embodiment further includes processing the input information with a damage assessment system that has undergone machine learning to obtain a damage assessment result. Also in this case, the damage prediction support device of this embodiment is equipped with a damage assessment system that has undergone machine learning and that calculates a damage assessment result from the input information.
(結果の比較及び補正)
上述したような挙動解析結果と被災評価結果とを比較し、それらの結果が同程度の被災状況を表しているか否かを判定する(ステップS3)。挙動解析結果と被災評価結果とが異なる場合は挙動解析結果の補正を行い(ステップS4)、挙動解析結果と被災評価結果とが同じであれば当該補正は行わない。
(Comparison and correction of results)
The behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result as described above are compared to determine whether or not they represent the same level of damage (step S3). If the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result are different, the behavior analysis result is corrected (step S4). If the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result are the same, no correction is made.
比較の手法は特に問わないが、先に述べたように、挙動解析結果及び被災評価結果がそれぞれ、被災の程度についての段階的指標を含む場合、その段階的指標が挙動解析結果と被災評価結果とで同じか又は異なるかを比較することができる。たとえば、段階的指標が「被災大」又は「被災小」の二段階であれば、挙動解析結果及び被災評価結果が両方とも「被災大」又は「被災小」であるか否かを確認する。挙動解析結果と被災評価結果とが異なる段階的指標を示すときは、挙動解析結果の補正を行うものとすることができる。 There is no particular restriction on the method of comparison, but as mentioned above, if the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result each include a grading indicator for the degree of damage, it is possible to compare whether the grading indicator is the same or different between the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result. For example, if the grading indicator is a two-stage indicator of "heavy damage" or "minor damage", it is confirmed whether the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result are both "heavy damage" or "minor damage". When the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result show different grading indicators, the behavior analysis result can be corrected.
ここで、入力情報が、災害レベルの異なる複数の災害情報を含む場合、それらの災害レベルごとに、挙動解析結果と被災評価結果との比較及び、その比較結果に応じた挙動解析結果の補正を行うことができる。そして、挙動解析結果が先述の挙動解析値を含む場合、挙動解析結果と被災評価結果との比較及び、挙動解析結果の補正は、具体的には、図5に示すようにして行うことができる。 Here, when the input information includes multiple disaster information items with different disaster levels, the behavior analysis results can be compared with the damage assessment results for each of those disaster levels, and the behavior analysis results can be corrected according to the comparison results. When the behavior analysis results include the behavior analysis values described above, the comparison between the behavior analysis results and the damage assessment results, and the correction of the behavior analysis results can be specifically performed as shown in FIG. 5.
図5では、挙動解析結果と被災評価結果との比較を、大きな災害レベルの災害情報から順に行う。たとえば、災害レベルが「大」、「中」又は「小」の三段階である場合、はじめに、災害レベルが「大」である災害情報について、挙動解析結果と被災評価結果との比較を行う(ステップS11)。ここで、挙動解析結果と被災評価結果とで異なる結果が生じたとき(たとえば挙動解析結果が「被災大」で被災評価結果が「被災小」である場合)、ステップS12で「No」となり、ステップS13にて、その災害レベルが「大」である災害情報のときの当該挙動解析値及び許容基準値を用いて、補正係数を算出する。補正係数は、より詳細には、たとえば、災害レベルが「大」の災害情報での許容基準値を、同様の災害レベルが「大」の災害情報での挙動解析値で除して求めることができる。その後、ステップS14で、上記の補正係数を用いて、災害レベルが「大」、「中」及び「小」である各災害情報のそれぞれの挙動解析結果(より詳細には挙動解析値)を補正し、終了する。 In FIG. 5, the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result are compared in order of disaster information with the largest disaster level. For example, when the disaster level is divided into three stages, namely "large", "medium" and "small", the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result are compared for the disaster information with the "large" disaster level first (step S11). Here, when the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result differ (for example, when the behavior analysis result is "large damage" and the damage assessment result is "small damage"), the result is "No" in step S12, and in step S13, the behavior analysis value and the allowable standard value for the disaster information with the "large" disaster level are used to calculate a correction coefficient. More specifically, the correction coefficient can be calculated by, for example, dividing the allowable standard value for the disaster information with the "large" disaster level by the behavior analysis value for the disaster information with the same disaster level. Then, in step S14, the above correction coefficients are used to correct the behavior analysis results (more specifically, the behavior analysis values) for each piece of disaster information with disaster levels of "large," "medium," and "small," and the process ends.
あるいは、災害レベルが「大」の災害情報で挙動解析結果と被災評価結果とが同じであった場合、災害レベルが「中」である災害情報について、挙動解析結果と被災評価結果との比較を行う(ステップS15)。このときに、挙動解析結果と被災評価結果とで異なる結果が生じたのであれば(ステップS16)、災害レベルが「中」である災害情報での挙動解析値及び許容基準値を用いて、補正係数を算出する(ステップS17)。そして、その補正係数で、災害レベルが「大」、「中」及び「小」の災害情報の各挙動解析結果を補正し(ステップS18)、終了する。 Alternatively, if the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result are the same for disaster information with a disaster level of "large," the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result are compared for disaster information with a disaster level of "medium" (step S15). At this time, if the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result differ (step S16), a correction coefficient is calculated using the behavior analysis value and the acceptable standard value for disaster information with a disaster level of "medium" (step S17). Then, the behavior analysis results for disaster information with disaster levels of "large," "medium," and "small" are corrected with the correction coefficient (step S18), and the process ends.
災害レベルが「大」及び「中」の災害情報で挙動解析結果と被災評価結果とが同じであった場合は、ステップS19で、災害レベルが「小」の災害情報について、挙動解析結果と被災評価結果との比較を行う。ステップS20で災害レベルが「小」の災害情報で挙動解析結果と被災評価結果とが異なる場合は、災害レベルが「小」の災害情報における挙動解析値及び許容基準値を用いて補正係数を算出し(ステップS21)、その補正係数で、災害レベルが「大」、「中」及び「小」の災害情報の各挙動解析結果を補正し(ステップS22)、終了する。 If the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result are the same for disaster information with disaster levels of "large" and "medium", in step S19, the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result are compared for disaster information with a disaster level of "small". If the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result are different for disaster information with a disaster level of "small" in step S20, a correction coefficient is calculated using the behavior analysis value and the allowable standard value for disaster information with a disaster level of "small" (step S21), and the behavior analysis results for each of the disaster information with disaster levels of "large", "medium", and "small" are corrected with the correction coefficient (step S22), and the process ends.
災害レベルが「大」、「中」及び「小」の災害情報のいずれにおいても、挙動解析結果と被災評価結果とが同じであった場合は、補正をせずに終了する。 For disaster information with a disaster level of "large," "medium," or "small," if the behavior analysis results and damage assessment results are the same, no corrections are made and the process ends.
このような処理を、地震時のため池の被災予測に適用すると、図6に例示する流れになる。図6に示す例で、たとえば震度6の地震情報において、挙動解析結果(地震解析)と被災評価結果(機械学習)とが異なる結果(「被災小」、「被災大」)を示したと仮定した場合、図4に示すように、許容沈下量2.0mを、震度6相当の地震加速度での挙動解析値である堤体沈下量4.0mで除して、補正係数を0.5と算出することができる。そして、この補正係数0.5を、他の地震加速度における堤体沈下量の挙動解析値に乗じると、図4に「補正後」として示すように挙動解析値を補正することができる。 When this type of processing is applied to predicting damage to a reservoir during an earthquake, the flow is as shown in FIG. 6. In the example shown in FIG. 6, if it is assumed that the behavior analysis result (earthquake analysis) and the damage assessment result (machine learning) show different results ("minor damage", "severe damage") for earthquake information of seismic intensity 6, as shown in FIG. 4, the allowable subsidence of 2.0 m can be divided by the embankment subsidence of 4.0 m, which is the behavior analysis value at an earthquake acceleration equivalent to seismic intensity 6, to calculate a correction coefficient of 0.5. Then, by multiplying this correction coefficient of 0.5 by the behavior analysis value of the embankment subsidence at other earthquake accelerations, the behavior analysis value can be corrected as shown as "after correction" in FIG. 4.
なお、上述したように、許容基準値を挙動解析値で除して算出される補正係数を用いて、各災害レベルの挙動解析値を補正すると、当該補正後の挙動解析値が小さくなりすぎる場合がある。この場合は、許容基準値を挙動解析値で除して算出される値を上限値とし、それを段階的に低減して補正係数を設定することもできる。
但し、補正係数の算出は、上述したような方法に限らず、対象物や災害の種類、挙動解析手法等に合わせて適宜変更され得る。
As described above, when the behavior analysis value of each disaster level is corrected using the correction coefficient calculated by dividing the allowable reference value by the behavior analysis value, the corrected behavior analysis value may become too small. In this case, the value calculated by dividing the allowable reference value by the behavior analysis value may be set as the upper limit, and the correction coefficient may be set by gradually decreasing the upper limit.
However, the calculation of the correction coefficient is not limited to the method described above, and may be changed as appropriate according to the type of object or disaster, behavior analysis method, etc.
また、地震時のため池の被災予測以外の、災害時の対象物の被災状況の予測であっても、上記のようにして補正係数を算出することで、補正後の挙動解析結果を得ることができる(図3参照)。上述したように、許容基準値を挙動解析値で除して補正係数を求めるとともに、各挙動解析値に当該補正係数を乗じて補正をすることで、挙動解析結果の挙動解析値は、図示のように低下する。これにより、挙動解析結果が、より実際の被災状況に近似するものとなる。このような補正後の挙動解析結果を用いることにより、挙動解析による災害時の被災状況の予測精度を向上させることが可能になる。 Even when predicting damage to an object during a disaster other than that of an irrigation pond during an earthquake, a corrected behavior analysis result can be obtained by calculating the correction coefficient as described above (see Figure 3). As described above, the allowable standard value is divided by the behavior analysis value to obtain the correction coefficient, and each behavior analysis value is corrected by multiplying it by the correction coefficient, so that the behavior analysis value of the behavior analysis result is reduced as shown in the figure. This makes the behavior analysis result more similar to the actual damage situation. By using such corrected behavior analysis results, it is possible to improve the accuracy of predicting the damage situation during a disaster using behavior analysis.
次に、この発明の被災予測支援方法及び被災予測支援装置を試験的に実施したので以下に説明する。但し、ここでの説明は単なる例示を目的としたものであり、これに限定されることを意図するものではない。 Next, the damage prediction support method and the damage prediction support device of the present invention were experimentally implemented and will be described below. However, the description here is merely for illustrative purposes and is not intended to be limiting.
被災状況予測の対象をため池とし、挙動解析結果の取得に先述の灌漑池防災支援システムを用いるとともに、被災評価結果を得るため、地震時のため池の被災状況を評価する被災評価システムを構築した。 The target of damage prediction was reservoirs, and the aforementioned irrigation reservoir disaster prevention support system was used to obtain behavior analysis results. In addition, a damage assessment system was constructed to evaluate the damage status of reservoirs during earthquakes in order to obtain damage assessment results.
被災評価システムは、アルゴリズムとしてサポートベクターマシーン(SVM)を使用し、対象物情報及び災害情報を含む入力情報に対して「被災大」又は「被災小」のいずれかの被災評価結果を出力するものとした。 The damage assessment system uses a support vector machine (SVM) as its algorithm, and outputs a damage assessment result of either "major damage" or "minor damage" in response to input information including object information and disaster information.
被災評価システムの機械学習及びその検証のため、過去の地震時のため池の被災についてのデータを収集及び整理した。データの総数は1655個であった。
当該データの対象物情報は、天端幅、堤高、堤頂長、上流法面勾配、下流法面勾配、堤体断面積、堤体体積、築造年代、土質および堤体形状が含まれるものとし、災害情報には、震度及び最大加速度が含まれるものとした。データの整理では、たとえば、土質の情報については「1:粘性土」、「2:砂質土」又は「3:礫質土」、堤体形状の情報については「1:均一型」、「2:表面遮水」、「3:中心コア」又は「4:前刃金土」、築造年代については「江戸時代以前」、「明治」、「大正」又は「昭和」のいずれか等とする分類を行った。
また、被災状況については、被災なし又は、取水設備や洪水吐、護岸ブロックの損傷ないし軽微な亀裂や沈下であったものを「被災小」とし、決壊又は堤体被害の損傷(大きな沈下量・変形)であったものを「被災大」とした。1655個のデータのうち、「被災小」のデータは1000個であり、「被災大」のデータは655個であった。
In order to machine-learn the damage assessment system and to verify it, we collected and organized data on damage to irrigation ponds during past earthquakes. The total number of data was 1,655.
The object information of the data includes the crest width, levee height, levee crest length, upstream slope gradient, downstream slope gradient, levee cross-sectional area, levee volume, construction date, soil type and levee shape, while the disaster information includes seismic intensity and maximum acceleration. In organizing the data, for example, the soil information was categorized as "1: clayey soil,""2: sandy soil" or "3: gravelly soil," the levee shape information was categorized as "1: homogeneous type,""2: surface water-proof,""3: central core" or "4: front bladed gold soil," and the construction date was one of "before the Edo period,""Meiji,""Taisho," or "Showa," etc.
Regarding the damage status, cases where there was no damage or damage to the intake facilities, spillway, or revetment blocks, or minor cracks or subsidence, were classified as "minor damage," while cases where there was collapse or damage to the embankment (major subsidence or deformation) were classified as "major damage." Of the 1,655 pieces of data, 1,000 were classified as "minor damage" and 655 were classified as "major damage."
上記のデータの7割を被災評価システムの機械学習に使用し、残りの3割を、その機械学習済みの被災評価システムによる被災評価結果の精度の検証に使用した。検証では、特徴量のスケーリング:標準化、境界モデル:RBFカーネル、グリッド検索:c:0.1~1000、γ:0.0001~10とした。そして、交差検証、best_estimatоrでテストを予測し、混同行列で検証した。その結果を表1に示す。表1から、正答率は82%であり、被災評価システムで十分に高い精度の被災評価結果が得られることが解かった。 Seventy percent of the above data was used for machine learning of the damage assessment system, and the remaining 30% was used to verify the accuracy of the damage assessment results produced by the machine-learned damage assessment system. In the verification, feature scaling was standardized, boundary model was RBF kernel, grid search was c: 0.1-1000, γ: 0.0001-10. Tests were predicted using cross-validation and best_estimator, and verified using a confusion matrix. The results are shown in Table 1. From Table 1, it can be seen that the accuracy rate was 82%, and that the damage assessment system can produce damage assessment results with sufficiently high accuracy.
続いて、実在する71箇所のため池について、過去に実際に起こった所定の地震を対象とし、図4及び6を用いて先述したように、灌漑池防災支援システムによる挙動解析結果と上記の被災評価システムによる被災評価結果とを比較するとともに、挙動解析値の補正を行った。その結果の一部を表2に示す。なお、この地震では、71箇所のため池はいずれも、現地調査の結果、被災の大きかったものが無かったことが解かっている。 Next, for 71 existing irrigation ponds, we targeted specific earthquakes that had actually occurred in the past, and, as described above using Figures 4 and 6, compared the behavior analysis results from the irrigation pond disaster prevention support system with the damage assessment results from the damage assessment system described above, and corrected the behavior analysis values. Some of the results are shown in Table 2. Furthermore, on-site investigations revealed that none of the 71 irrigation ponds suffered significant damage in this earthquake.
表2より、多くのため池では、挙動解析結果と被災評価結果との比較後の挙動解析値の補正により、予測される沈下量が低下していることが解かる。また、灌漑池防災支援システムでは、許容沈下量に対する挙動解析値の沈下量の大小関係に応じて、青色、黄色、赤色の順に危険度が高いことを表す標示がなされるところ、挙動解析値の補正後には、表2に示すように、当該標示が黄色から青色に変化しているもの(ため池No.3)や、また赤色から黄色に変化しているもの(ため池No.1、7、12及び15)があった。このことから、補正前の挙動解析結果では、実際には被災が大きくなかった多くのため池で赤色等の高い危険度として標示されるのに対し、補正後の挙動解析結果では、それが修正されて、より現実に近い被災状況を示す標示になることが解かる。なお、赤色の標示は「危険」、黄色の標示は「注意」、青色の標示は「安全」をそれぞれ意味する。 From Table 2, it can be seen that in many reservoirs, the predicted subsidence amount has decreased due to the correction of the behavior analysis value after comparing the behavior analysis result with the damage assessment result. In addition, in the irrigation reservoir disaster prevention support system, the markings are displayed in the order of blue, yellow, and red, indicating increasing danger, depending on the relationship between the subsidence amount of the behavior analysis value and the allowable subsidence amount. However, after the correction of the behavior analysis value, as shown in Table 2, the markings changed from yellow to blue (reservoir No. 3) and from red to yellow (reservoir No. 1, 7, 12, and 15). From this, it can be seen that in the behavior analysis results before correction, many reservoirs that were not actually severely damaged were marked with a high danger level such as red, whereas in the behavior analysis results after correction, the markings are corrected to show a more realistic damage situation. Note that the red markings mean "danger," the yellow markings mean "caution," and the blue markings mean "safety."
さらに、所定のため池を模擬した遠心模型実験を行い、上記の被災評価システムを使用することによって地震による危険度が過小評価されないかどうかを確認した。その実験の様子を図7に写真で示す。この実験では、想定した地震は震度6、最大加速度500gal、入力波形5Hzとした。なお、実験による地震後の模型の堤体の沈下量は3mであった。
上記の実験の条件を用いて、先に述べたところと同様にして、灌漑池防災支援システムの挙動解析及び上記の被災評価システムの被災評価を行い、挙動解析結果の、被災評価結果との比較及び補正の処理を実行したところ、補正後の危険度の標示は補正前と変わらず赤色であった。したがって、被災評価システムで危険度が過小評価されなかったことが解かる。
Furthermore, a centrifugal model experiment was conducted simulating a specified reservoir to confirm whether the risk of earthquakes would be underestimated by using the above damage assessment system. The experiment is shown in the photograph in Figure 7. In this experiment, the assumed earthquake had a seismic intensity of 6, a maximum acceleration of 500 gal, and an input waveform of 5 Hz. The amount of settlement of the embankment of the model after the earthquake in the experiment was 3 m.
Using the above experimental conditions, we performed a behavior analysis of the irrigation pond disaster prevention support system and a damage assessment of the above damage assessment system in the same manner as described above, and compared the behavior analysis results with the damage assessment results and performed a correction process.The risk level indication after correction was still red, just as it was before the correction.This shows that the risk level was not underestimated by the damage assessment system.
以上より、この発明によれば、挙動解析による被災状況の予測を有効に支援することができ、さらに、対象物の挙動解析による被災状況の予測精度を大きく向上させ得る可能性が示唆された。 From the above, it has been suggested that this invention can effectively assist in predicting damage situations through behavior analysis, and further suggests the possibility of significantly improving the accuracy of predicting damage situations through behavior analysis of objects.
S1~S4、S11~S22 ステップ Steps S1 to S4, S11 to S22
Claims (16)
被災予測支援装置が、
災害時の前記対象物の力学的挙動をモデル化した挙動解析で、対象物情報及び災害情報を含む入力情報に基づいてシミュレーションを行って得られる挙動解析結果と、前記災害情報による災害時の前記対象物の被災状況についての被災評価結果であって前記入力情報を学習モデルが組み込まれて機械学習がなされた被災評価システムで処理して得られる被災評価結果とを比較すること、並びに、
前記挙動解析結果と前記被災評価結果との比較結果に応じて、前記挙動解析結果を補正すること
を含み、
前記挙動解析結果が、前記挙動解析で得られ、災害時の前記対象物の力学的挙動を表す挙動解析値と、許容基準値に対する当該挙動解析値の大小関係についての判定結果とを含み、
前記挙動解析結果の補正で、前記許容基準値及び前記挙動解析値を用いて補正係数を求め、前記挙動解析値を前記補正係数により補正する、被災予測支援方法。 A method for supporting prediction of a damage situation of an object including a structure and a natural object, comprising:
Disaster prediction support device,
A behavior analysis modeling the mechanical behavior of the object during a disaster is performed, and a behavior analysis result obtained by performing a simulation based on input information including object information and disaster information is compared with a damage assessment result regarding the damage state of the object during a disaster based on the disaster information , the damage assessment result being obtained by processing the input information with a damage assessment system incorporating a learning model and performing machine learning; and
correcting the behavior analysis result according to a comparison result between the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result;
the behavior analysis result includes a behavior analysis value obtained by the behavior analysis and representing a mechanical behavior of the object at the time of a disaster, and a determination result regarding a magnitude relationship of the behavior analysis value with respect to an allowable reference value,
A damage prediction support method , comprising the steps of: determining a correction coefficient using the allowable reference value and the behavior analysis value; and correcting the behavior analysis value with the correction coefficient in correcting the behavior analysis result .
前記挙動解析結果と前記被災評価結果とが異なる段階的指標を示す場合に、前記挙動解析結果の補正を行う、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の被災予測支援方法。 The behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result each include a graded index of the degree of damage;
4. The damage prediction support method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of correcting the behavior analysis result when the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result indicate different stage indexes.
各災害情報について、前記挙動解析結果と前記被災評価結果との比較及び、前記挙動解析結果の補正を行う、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の被災予測支援方法。 the input information includes a plurality of pieces of disaster information with different disaster levels,
5. The method for supporting disaster prediction according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: comparing the behavior analysis result with the damage assessment result for each disaster information; and correcting the behavior analysis result.
前記挙動解析結果と前記被災評価結果との異なる結果が生じたときの災害情報で、前記挙動解析結果の補正として、前記許容基準値及び前記挙動解析値を用いて補正係数を求める、請求項5に記載の被災予測支援方法。 The behavior analysis result is compared with the damage assessment result in order of disaster information of a large disaster level;
The damage prediction support method according to claim 5, further comprising the steps of: determining a correction coefficient using the allowable standard value and the behavior analysis value to correct the behavior analysis result when a difference occurs between the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result in disaster information;
前記処理部が、災害時の前記対象物の力学的挙動をモデル化した挙動解析で、対象物情報及び災害情報を含む入力情報に基づいてシミュレーションを行って得られる挙動解析結果と、前記災害情報による災害時の前記対象物の被災状況についての被災評価結果であって前記入力情報を学習モデルが組み込まれて機械学習がなされた被災評価システムで処理して得られる被災評価結果とを比較し、前記挙動解析結果と前記被災評価結果との比較結果に応じて、前記挙動解析結果を補正し、
前記挙動解析結果が、前記挙動解析で得られ、災害時の前記対象物の力学的挙動を表す挙動解析値と、許容基準値に対する当該挙動解析値の大小関係についての判定結果とを含み、
前記処理部が、前記挙動解析結果の補正で、前記許容基準値及び前記挙動解析値を用いて補正係数を求め、前記挙動解析値を前記補正係数により補正する、被災予測支援装置。 A damage prediction support device including a processing unit that executes a process for supporting prediction of a damage situation of an object including a structure and a natural object,
The processing unit compares a behavior analysis result obtained by performing a simulation based on input information including object information and disaster information in a behavior analysis that models the mechanical behavior of the object during a disaster with a damage assessment result regarding the damage state of the object during a disaster based on the disaster information , which is obtained by processing the input information with a damage assessment system in which a learning model is incorporated and machine learning is performed, and corrects the behavior analysis result according to the comparison result between the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result;
the behavior analysis result includes a behavior analysis value obtained by the behavior analysis and representing a mechanical behavior of the object at the time of a disaster, and a determination result regarding a magnitude relationship of the behavior analysis value with respect to an allowable reference value,
The processing unit, in correcting the behavior analysis result, determines a correction coefficient using the allowable reference value and the behavior analysis value, and corrects the behavior analysis value with the correction coefficient .
前記挙動解析結果と前記被災評価結果とが異なる段階的指標を示す場合に、前記処理部が前記挙動解析結果の補正を行う、請求項9~11のいずれか一項に記載の被災予測支援装置。 The behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result each include a graded index of the degree of damage;
12. The damage prediction support device according to claim 9, wherein when the behavior analysis result and the damage assessment result show different stage indexes, the processing unit corrects the behavior analysis result.
前記処理部が、各災害情報について、前記挙動解析結果と前記被災評価結果との比較及び、前記挙動解析結果の補正を行う、請求項9~12のいずれか一項に記載の被災予測支援装置。 the input information includes a plurality of pieces of disaster information with different disaster levels,
13. The disaster prediction support device according to claim 9, wherein the processing unit compares the behavior analysis result with the damage assessment result for each disaster information item, and corrects the behavior analysis result.
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